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Template:Short description Template:Distinguish Template:Use mdy dates Template:Infobox U.S. county

Lee County is located in southwestern Florida, United States, on the Gulf Coast. As of the 2020 census, its population was 760,822. In 2022, the population was 822,453, making it the eighth-most populous county in the state.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The county seat is Fort Myers, with a population of 86,395 as of the 2020 census,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> and the largest city is Cape Coral, with an estimated 2020 population of 194,016.

The county comprises the Cape Coral–Fort Myers Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA), which, along with the Naples-Marco Island (Collier County) MSA and the Clewiston (Hendry County, Glades County) Micropolitan Statistical Area (μSA), is included in the Cape Coral-Fort Myers-Naples Combined Statistical Area (CSA).<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Lee County was established in 1887 from Monroe County.<ref name="Florida Historical Society">Template:Cite book</ref> Fort Myers is the county seat and a center of tourism in Southwest Florida. It is about Template:Convert south of Tampa at the meeting point of the Gulf of Mexico and the Caloosahatchee River.<ref name="Colihan">Jane Colihan Template:Webarchive "Spring Break", American Heritage, February/March 2006</ref> Lee County is the home for spring training of the Boston Red Sox and the Minnesota Twins Major League Baseball teams.

History

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Protohistory and European contact (500–1799)

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The area that is now Lee County has several archaeological sites that show evidence of habitation by peoples belonging to the Caloosahatchee culture (500 to 1750 AD). By the time of European contact, the area was more specifically occupied by the Calusa.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref><ref>Template:Cite book</ref> After European contact, fishermen from Cuba and other Spanish colonies set up fishing camps, known as ranchos in Spanish, on the southern portion of the Gulf Coast of Florida. These ranchos extended from Charlotte Harbor south to San Carlos Bay and the mouth of the Caloosahatchee. Likely established in the latter part of the 1600s, they were precursors to the larger European settlements that would be established in the following centuries.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> As the 18th century came to an end, the Calusa who had once inhabited the area were replaced with the Seminole. In particular, in 1799, an Indian agent noted the existence of a Seminole town on the "Cull-oo-saw-hat-che" or Caloosahatchee River.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

Fort established (1850s–1860s)

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After Florida became a U.S. territory in 1821, a number of settlers moved into Florida, causing conflict with the local Seminole Indians. Fort Myers was built in 1850 as a military fort to fend off Seminole Indians during the Seminole Wars. The fort was named after Col. Abraham C. Myers, who was stationed in Florida for seven years and was the son-in-law of the fort's establisher and commander. In 1858, after years of elusive battle, Chief Billy Bowlegs and his warriors were persuaded to surrender and move west,<ref>Covington, James W. 1993. The Seminoles of Florida. Gainesville, FL: University Press of Florida. Template:ISBN.</ref> and the fort was abandoned. Billy's Creek, which flows into the Caloosahatchee River, was named after a temporary camp where Billy Bowlegs and his men awaited ships to take them west. In 1863, the fort was reoccupied by federal troops during the Civil War. In 1865, in the Battle of Fort Myers, the fort was attacked by a small group of Confederates. The Union's garrison, led by Captain James Doyle, successfully held the fort and the Confederate forces retreated. After the war, the fort was again deserted.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The fort was later disassembled and some of its wood was used to build parts of downtown Fort Myers.

Settlement and early growth (1860s–1920s)

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During the Civil War, Fort Myers was occupied by federal troops with the intention of disrupting the Confederate cattle supply from Florida. In February 1865, it was the site of the Battle of Fort Myers.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> The first settlers in Fort Myers arrived in 1866. In the 1870s, Tervio Padilla, a wealthy merchant from the Canary Islands, came by way of Key West to Cayo Costa and established trade with natives and "ranchos" that extended northward to Charlotte Harbor. His ships often made port at Cayo Costa at the entrance to the harbor. Enchanted by the tropical island, he eventually decided to settle there. Padilla prospered until the outbreak of the Spanish–American War, when his fleet was burned and scuttled. He then turned to another means of livelihood – fishing. When the government claimed his land, he was disinclined to set up another ranch, so moved with his wife further down the island and as before, simply homesteaded. The Padilla family is one of the first pioneer families of Lee County and many still reside within the county, mainly around the Pine Island area.

In 1882, the city experienced a significant influx of settlers. In 1885, when Fort Myers was incorporated,<ref>Grismer, K.H. (1984). Story of Fort Myers: The History of the Land of the Caloosahatchee and Southwest Florida (reprint ed.). Island Pr. p. 132</ref> its population of 349 residents made it the second-largest city only to Tampa on Florida's west coast south of Cedar Key, even larger than Clearwater and Sarasota, also growing cities at the time.<ref>The History of Fort Myers, www.fortmyers.org.</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Lee County was formed in 1887 from Monroe County, with Fort Myers serving as the county seat.<ref name="Florida Historical Society"/> It was named for Robert E. Lee, Confederate general in the American Civil War.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> Fort Myers first became a nationally known winter resort with the opening of the Royal Palm Hotel in 1898, built by New York City department store magnate Hugh O'Neill.<ref name="news-press.com">"Remembering the first tourist attraction in Fort Myers", News-Press, February 13, 2016.</ref> Fort Myers was the frequent winter home of Thomas Edison, as well as Henry Ford.<ref name="Colihan"/> In 1911, Fort Myers was incorporated as a city.<ref>Grismer, p. 205</ref> In 1923, Collier and Hendry Counties were created by splitting these areas from Lee County. Construction of the Tamiami Trail Bridge, built across the Caloosahatchee River in 1924, sparked the city's growth. After the bridge's construction, the city experienced its first real estate boom and many subdivisions sprouted around the city.<ref name="news-press.com"/> In 1927, a property purchased by the City of Fort Myers was turned into an airport, eventually called Page Field.

Modern growth (1940s–present)

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Template:Expand section During World War II, Page Field served as an advanced fighter training base and home to the several bomber groups. Following the war, a small terminal was built in the mid-1950s as the airport transitioned to commercial use.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Another airfield was constructed in 1942 called Buckingham Army Airfield. The base was closed down in 1945, after which the barracks served as classrooms for Edison College until 1948.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Following the end of World War II, the Royal Palm Hotel was closed permanently, and in 1947, the hotel on the corner of First and Fowler was torn down.<ref name="news-press.com"/>

Lee County has been the host to several Major League Baseball teams for spring training over the past several decades.

The county received a boost in 1983 when Southwest Florida Regional Airport (now known as Southwest Florida International Airport) opened.<ref name=lylcpa>Template:Cite web</ref>

Hurricanes

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On August 13, 2004, the county was struck by Hurricane Charley, a category 4 storm, particularly on the northwestern islands of Captiva, Gasparilla, and North Captiva. On September 10, 2017, Lee County was struck by Hurricane Irma as a category 2 storm. On September 28, 2022, Hurricane Ian made landfall on Lee County as a category 4 storm, causing major damage to Sanibel, Pine Island, and surrounding areas. Sanibel Causeway partially collapsed in the aftermath of Hurricane Ian.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> 71 deaths occurred in Lee County as of October 4.<ref name="FL 105 deaths">Template:Cite news</ref>

Geography

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According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of Template:Convert, of which Template:Convert (35.3%) are covered by water.<ref name="GR1">Template:Cite web</ref> Rivers and streams include the Caloosahatchee River, the Imperial River, the Estero River, Hendry Creek, and Orange River. Lee County is on the southwest coast of Florida. It is about Template:Convert south of Tampa, Template:Convert west of Fort Lauderdale via Interstate 75, and roughly Template:Convert west-northwest of Miami via U.S. Highway 41.

Adjacent counties

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National protected areas

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Islands

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Climate

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Lee County has a year-round warm, monsoon-influenced climate that is close to the boundary between tropical and subtropical climates (Template:Convert in the coldest month), thus is either classified as a humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cfa), which is the classification used by National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>Template:Efn or a tropical savanna climate (Köppen Aw).<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Lee County has short, warm winters, and long, hot, humid summers, with most of the year's rainfall occurring from June to September. The temperature rarely rises to Template:Convert or lowers to the freezing mark.<ref name=NOAA/> At 89, Lee County leads the nation in the number of days annually in which a thunderstorm is close enough for thunder to be heard.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The monthly daily average temperature ranges from Template:Convert in January to Template:Convert in August, with the annual mean being Template:Convert. Records range from Template:Convert on December 29, 1894 up to Template:Convert on June 16–17, 1981.<ref name=NOAA/>

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Demographics

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2020 Census

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Lee County racial composition as of 2020
(NH = Non-Hispanic)Template:Efn
Race Pop 2010<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Pop 2020<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> % 2010 % 2020
White (NH) 439,048 490,476 70.96% 64.47%
Black or African American (NH) 47,751 55,958 7.72% 7.35%
Native American or Alaska Native (NH) 1,292 1,228 0.21% 0.16%
Asian (NH) 8,252 12,789 1.33% 1.68%
Pacific Islander (NH) 197 244 0.03% 0.03%
Some other race (NH) 1,581 3,974 0.26% 0.52%
Mixed/multiracial (NH) 7,325 22,992 1.18% 3.02%
Hispanic or Latino 113,308 173,161 18.31% 22.76%
Total 618,754 760,822

As of the 2020 United States census, 760,822 people, 288,916 households, and 187,877 families resided in the county. About 4.6% of that population was under 5 years old, 17.3% was under 18, and 29.2% was 65 or older; 51.0% was female; 89.3% was 25 years or older were high-school graduates and 28.5% of those 25 years or older had a bachelor's degree or higher.

The median household income was $59,608 with a per capita income of $34,818. About 10.5% of population below the poverty threshold. The median value of owner-occupied housing units between 2016 and 2020 was $235,300 and the median gross rent was $1,225. Around 94.2% of the households had a computer and 87.2% of households had a broadband internet subscription.

Languages

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As of 2010, 78.99% of residents spoke English as their first language, and 15.19% spoke Spanish, 1.28% French Creole (mostly Haitian Creole,) 0.88% German, 0.59% Portuguese, and 0.55% spoke French as their main language.<ref name= "MLA">Template:Cite web</ref> In total, 21.01% of the population spoke languages other than English as their primary language.<ref name= "MLA"/>

Economy

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Lee County's stronger economic sectors include construction, retail, leisure, and hospitality.<ref>"Employers hire as Lee County booms", News Press, Casey Logan, December 22, 2016.</ref> Hertz moved its headquarters from New Jersey to Estero in 2016, the first major corporation to relocate to Lee County.<ref>"SW Florida's economic future involves strong growth, some friction", News Press, May 9, 2015.</ref> The largest employers in Lee County as of 2019 are:<ref>"Top 10 employers in Lee County mostly government", News Press, Wendy Fullerton Powell, August 30, 2016.</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Rank Employer Employees
1 Lee Health 13,595
2 Lee County School District 12,936
3 Lee County government 9,038
4 Publix Supermarkets 4,624
5 Florida Gulf Coast University 3,430
6 Walmart 3,067
7 City of Cape Coral 2,253
8 Hope Hospice 1,630
9 McDonald's 1,482
10 Florida SouthWestern State College 1,441

Law enforcement and crime

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File:Lcso police car.jpg
Lee County Sheriff's Office patrol car

The Lee County Sheriff's Office is the primary law enforcement agency for Lee County, Florida headquartered in Fort Myers, Florida.

The Lee County Sheriff's Office responds to all calls for service within unincorporated Lee County and employs civilian dispatchers who provide dispatch for LCSO Deputies and Florida Southwestern State College Police. The Cape Coral Police Department, Fort Myers Police Department, Sanibel Police Department and Lee County Port Authority Police maintain their own police dispatch centers.

The Lee County Sheriff's Office is also responsible for corrections, court operations, and civil proceedings. There are multiple specialized units within the agency including Aviation, K9, SOU, Fugitive Warrants, Marine, Electronic Surveillance, and Tactical Narcotics Teams.

Education

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Template:Main

File:FGCU Academic Core.jpg
FGCU's Academic Core

Colleges in Lee County include Florida Gulf Coast University (FGCU), Barry University, Nova Southeastern University, Florida SouthWestern State College, Cape Coral Technical College, Fort Myers Technical College,<ref name="Logan">Template:Cite web</ref> Hodges University, Keiser University, Southern Technical College, and Rasmussen College.

FGCU is a public university located just south of the Southwest Florida International Airport in South Fort Myers. The university belongs to the 12-campus State University System of Florida. FGCU competes in the ASUN Conference in NCAA Division I sports. The school is accredited by the Commission on Colleges of the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools to award associate's, 51 different types of bachelor's, 29 different master's, and six types of doctoral degrees.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Parks and recreation

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The parks are maintained by the county's Parks & Recreation Department. The department also maintains spring training facilities for the Boston Red Sox and Minnesota Twins.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Beaches

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Some of the main tourist attractions in Southwest Florida are its beaches. Lee County is home to ten beach parks and an additional seven beach accesses, maintained by Lee County Parks & Recreation.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Popular beaches include Fort Myers Beach,<ref>Fort Myers Beach</ref> Sanibel and Captiva Island,<ref>Sanibel and Captiva Island</ref> Bonita Beach, Bunchee Beach,<ref>Bunchee Beach</ref> and Lovers Key.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Libraries

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Template:Main The Lee County Library System has 13 branches.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The towns of Fort Myers Beach and Sanibel Island, though located in Lee County, maintain their own independent public library entities.<ref>http://www.fmb.lib.fl.us/ Template:Webarchive http://sanlib.org/</ref>

The Lee County Library System currently provides more than 294,000 county residents with over 1.5 million items and materials available for use or patron circulation, as well as an online library materials catalog, free wi-fi, public computer access, and scanning and printing capabilities.<ref>Lee County Library System. About the Library. Web. Retrieved from: https://www.leegov.com/library/about</ref>

Politics

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Unlike most urban counties, Lee County is a Republican stronghold in presidential elections. It was one of the first areas of Florida to break away from a Solid South voting pattern. The last Democratic presidential candidate to win the county was Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1944. Since then, Adlai Stevenson II, Lyndon Johnson, Jimmy Carter and Barack Obama have been the only Democrats to manage 40 percent of the vote.

Lee County is represented in the United States House of Representatives by Byron Donalds of the 19th district and by Greg Steube of the 17th district. Most of the county is in the 19th, while the far eastern portion is in the 17th.

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Voter demographics

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As of May 31, 2024.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Voter registration and party membership
Party Number of voters Percentage
Template:Party color cell Republican 222,828 47.4%
Template:Party color cell No party affiliation 127,524 27.1%
Template:Party color cell Democratic 107,327 22.8%
Minor parties 12,432 2.6%
Total 470,111 100.0%

Transportation

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Airports

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  • Southwest Florida International Airport (IATA airport code - RSW), in South Fort Myers, serves over 8.37 million passengers annually.<ref name=lylcpa/> Currently, the airport offers international non-stop flights to Cancun, Mexico; Frankfurt, Germany; Nassau, Bahamas; and Montreal, Ottawa and Toronto in Canada. In addition, nine airlines operate flights to 29 domestic nonstop destinations. On September 9, 2005, the airport opened a new terminal.
  • Page Field (IATA airport code - FMY), also in South Fort Myers, just south of the incorporated limits of the City of Fort Myers, is the county's general aviation airport. Prior to the opening of Southwest Florida Regional Airport in 1983 (now Southwest Florida International Airport), Page Field was the county's commercial airport.

Seaports and marine transport

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A small port operation continues in Boca Grande, being used as a way-point for oil distribution. However, Port Boca Grande has been in decline for many years as the shipping industry has moved north, especially to the Port of Tampa.

In addition, a private enterprise operates a high-speed, passenger-only ferry service between Fort Myers Beach from San Carlos Island and Key West. Another ferry service is offered from Fort Myers to Key West.

Major highways

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File:I-75.svg Interstate 75 The county's only fully controlled-access freeway, and has 10 interchanges within Lee County, linking the area to Naples, Fort Lauderdale, and Miami to the south and east; and Sarasota and Tampa to the north. The freeway is at least six lanes throughout Lee County and is up to eight lanes in some areas.
File:US 41.svg U.S. Route 41
Tamiami Trail
Cleveland Avenue
US 41 runs the length of Lee County, and is the county's main north–south arterial highway. It is a major commercial corridor, running as an elevated highway through the center of downtown Fort Myers, continuing south as a multilane, divided-surface highway through the communities of South Fort Myers, San Carlos Park, Estero, and Bonita Springs. From north-to-south, the highway's name starts as "North Tamiami Trail", changes to "Cleveland Avenue" from the Caloosahatchee River to State Road 884 (Colonial Boulevard) in the City of Fort Myers; then it is called "South Cleveland Avenue" from Colonial Boulevard to County Road 876 (Daniels Parkway), and then changes to South Tamiami Trail until the border with Collier County.
File:Florida 80.svg State Road 80
Palm Beach Boulevard
SR 80's western terminus is in downtown Fort Myers. The multilane highway runs east-northeast along the southern banks of the Caloosahatchee River as "Palm Beach Boulevard" within the county, traversing the state of Florida to connect the area with LaBelle, Clewiston, and West Palm Beach.
File:Florida 82.svg State Road 82
Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Boulevard
Immokalee Road
SR 82's western terminus is in downtown Fort Myers. The highway is called "Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Boulevard" within the incorporated limits of the City of Fort Myers, becoming "Immokalee Road" as it passes through Lehigh Acres and connects the area to Immokalee.
File:Florida 884.svg State Road 884
Veterans Memorial Parkway
Colonial Boulevard
Lee Boulevard
SR 884 is Lee County's main east–west arterial highway. Its western terminus is in the incorporated limits of the City of Cape Coral and the eastern terminus is in Lehigh Acres. Within Cape Coral, the highway is named "Veterans' Memorial Parkway", and is a multilane, controlled-access highway. Within Fort Myers, it is named "Colonial Boulevard". The road crosses the Caloosahatchee River as an elevated highway across a toll bridge, interchanging with U.S. Highway 41 and Interstate 75, then becomes a multilane, divided-surface highway through Lehigh Acres. After it intersects with State Road 82, it is called "Lee Boulevard".

Major road bridges

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  • Caloosahatchee Bridge (U.S. Highway 41): 4-travel-lane single-span bridge connects North Fort Myers with Fort Myers, over the Caloosahatchee River.
  • Cape Coral Bridge (College Parkway/Cape Coral Parkway): 4-travel-lane single-span bridge (two eastbound, two westbound) connect Cape Coral with Cypress Lake, over the Caloosahatchee River.
  • Edison Bridge (State Road 739): Two 3-travel-lane spans (one northbound, one southbound) connect North Fort Myers with Fort Myers, over the Caloosahatchee River.
  • Interstate 75: Two 4-travel-lane spans (one northbound, one southbound) between the State Road 78 ("Bayshore Road") and State Road 80 ("Palm Beach Boulevard") interchanges, over the Caloosahatchee River.
  • Matanzas Pass Bridge (State Road 865): 3-travel-lane single-span bridge crosses Hurricane Bay and Matanzas Pass within the incorporated limits of the Town of Fort Myers Beach, connecting the mainland to the barrier islands.
  • Midpoint Memorial Bridge (County Road 884): 4-lane single-span bridge that connects Cape Coral with Fort Myers, over the Caloosahatchee River.
  • Pine Island Causeway (County Road 78): a small single-leaf drawbridge connecting Cape Coral to Matlacha and Pine Island
  • Sanibel Causeway: series of three 2-travel-lane single-span bridges and two 3-travel-lane island causeways crossing the mouth of the Caloosahatchee River at the Gulf of Mexico. The causeway connects Punta Rassa with Sanibel.
  • Wilson Pigott Bridge (State Road 31): 2-travel-lane single-span drawbridge between State Road 78 ("Bayshore Road") and State Road 80, over the Caloosahatchee River.

Mass transportation

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Fixed-route bus service is provided by the Lee County Transit Department, operated as "LeeTran". Several routes extend outward from the Downtown Intermodal Transfer Center; in addition, suburb-to-suburb routes are operated, as well as park-and-ride service to and from both Fort Myers Beach and Southwest Florida International Airport.

The Downtown Intermodal Transfer Center in Fort Myers also serves as an intermediate stop on Greyhound Lines bus service.

Media

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Newspapers

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Newspapers include The News-Press and Florida Weekly.

Radio

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Arbitron standard radio market: Ft Myers-Naples-Marco Island.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> With an Arbitron-assigned 783,100 listening area population, the metropolitan area ranks 62/299 for the fall of 2006. The metropolitan area is home to 32 radio stations.

Television

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Nielsen Media Research designated market area: Ft. Myers-Naples<ref>Retrieved from Template:Cite web.</ref>

Number of TV homes: 479,130

2006–2007 U.S. rank: 64/210

Sports

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Club Sport League Tier Venue (capacity)
Florida Everblades Ice hockey ECHL Mid-level Hertz Arena, Estero (7,181)
Fort Myers Mighty Mussels Baseball Florida State League Class A Hammond Stadium, S. Fort Myers (7,500)
Boston Red Sox Baseball Major League Baseball Spring training JetBlue Park at Fenway South, Fort Myers (11,000)
Minnesota Twins Baseball Major League Baseball Spring training Hammond Stadium, S. Fort Myers (7,500)
Florida Gulf Coast Eagles Basketball ASUN Conference Division I (NCAA) Alico Arena, Fort Myers (4,500)

Fort Myers is home to Florida Gulf Coast University. Its teams, the Florida Gulf Coast Eagles, play in NCAA Division I in the ASUN Conference. The Eagles' men's basketball team had an average attendance of 2,291 in 2013.<ref>2013 NCAA MEN’S BASKETBALL ATTENDANCE. Retrieved March 29, 2014.</ref>

MLB spring training

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File:Little league field in Downtown Fort Myers, supported by the Boston Red Sox.jpg
Red Sox logo on the fence outside the City of Palms Park

The Boston Red Sox hold their annual spring training at JetBlue Park at Fenway South in the Fort Myers area. A cross-town rivalry has developed with the Minnesota Twins, which conduct their spring training at Hammond Stadium in south Lee County, which has a capacity of 7,500 and opened in 1991.

The Red Sox' lease with Fort Myers ran through 2019, but the Red Sox were considering exercising the early out in their contract that would have allowed them to leave following the 2009 spring season. On October 28, 2008, the Lee County commission voted 3–1 to approve an agreement with the Boston Red Sox to build a new spring-training facility for the team in south Lee County. That stadium, named JetBlue Park at Fenway South, is located off Daniels Parkway near Southwest Florida International Airport. The stadium opened in time for the 2012 season.

City of Palms Park had been built in 1992 for the Red Sox' spring training. Former Red Sox left fielder Mike Greenwell is from Fort Myers, and was instrumental in bringing his team to the city for spring training.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> The deal for JetBlue Park left City of Palms Park without a tenant. County officials have discussed the possibility of securing another team for City of Palms. Terry Park Ballfield (also known as the Park T. Pigott Memorial Stadium) in East Fort Myers is also not currently in use by a Major League Baseball team, though it is the former home of the Philadelphia Athletics, Cleveland Indians, Pittsburgh Pirates, and Kansas City Royals.

Communities

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Cities

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Town

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Village

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Municipal district

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Census-designated places

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Other unincorporated communities

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CDP'S and Unincorporated Communities

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See also

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Notes

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Template:Notelist

References

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Template:Reflist

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Template:Geographic Location Template:Lee County, Florida Template:Geography of Florida Template:Authority control