1270

File:Rock of Cashel-castle interior.jpg

The cathedral atop the Rock of Cashel in Ireland was completed in 1270.

Year 1270 (MCCLXX) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar, the 1270th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 270th year of the 2nd millennium, the 70th year of the 13th century, and the 1st year of the 1270s decade.

Events

Africa

The Eighth Crusade

• Before August – King Louis IX of France launches the Eighth Crusade, in an attempt to recapture the Crusader States from the Mamluk sultan Baibars; the opening engagement is a siege of Tunis.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• August 25 – King Louis IX of France dies while besieging the city of Tunis, possibly due to poor quality drinking water.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• October 30 – The siege of Tunis and the Eighth Crusade end, through an agreement between Charles I of Sicily (Louis IX's brother) and Muhammad I al-Mustansir, Khalif of Tunis.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

Other events

• August 10 (10 Nehasé 1262) – Yekuno Amlak overthrows the Ethiopian Zagwe dynasty, claims the imperial throne and establishes the Solomonic Dynasty, which will last until 1974.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

Asia

• In Korea, the Sambyeolcho Rebellion begins against the Goryeo dynasty, a vassal state of the Yuan dynasty.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• The ancient city of Ascalon is captured from the Crusader States, and utterly destroyed by the Mamluk sultan Baibars, who goes so far as to fill in its important harbor, leaving the site desolate, and the city never to be rebuilt.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• The city of Tabriz, in present-day Iran, is made capital of the Mongol Ilkhanate Empire (approximate date).<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• The independent state of Kutch is founded, in present-day India.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
• A census of the Chinese city of Hangzhou establishes that some 186,330 families reside within it, not including visitors and soldiers (Historian Jacques Gernet argues that this means a population of over 1 million inhabitants, making Hangzhou the most populous city in the world).<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>
• December 15 – The Nizari Ismaili garrison of Gerdkuh, Persia surrender after 17 years to the Mongols.<ref name="Daftary1992p429">Template:Cite book</ref>

Europe

• February 16 – Livonian Crusade - Battle of Karuse: The Grand Duchy of Lithuania defeats the Livonian Order decisively, on the frozen surface of the Baltic Sea.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• September 1 – King Stephen V of Hungary writes his walk to the antiquum castellum near Miholjanec, where the Sword of Attila has been recently discovered.Template:Citation needed
• December – Crucial aspects of the philosophy of Averroism (itself based on Aristotle's works) are banned by the Roman Catholic Church, in a condemnation enacted by papal authority at the University of Paris.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• The Summa Theologica, a work by Thomas Aquinas that is considered within the Roman Catholic Church to be the paramount expression of its theology, is completed (year uncertain).<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• Witelo translates Alhazen's 200-year-old treatise on optics, Kitab al-Manazir, from Arabic into Latin, bringing the work to European academic circles for the first time.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• The Sanskrit fables known as the Panchatantra, dating from as early as 200 BCE, are translated into Latin, from a Hebrew version by John of Capua.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• Construction of the Old New Synagogue in Prague is completed.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• The cathedral on the Rock of Cashel in Ireland is completed.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• Edmund, 2nd Earl of Cornwall, donates to the Cistercian Hailes Abbey in England (his father's foundation) a phial held to contain the Blood of Christ, acquired in the Holy Roman Empire; this becomes such a magnet for pilgrimage that within 7 years the monks are able to rebuild their abbey on a magnificent scale.<ref>Template:PastScape</ref>
• The Chronicle of Melrose is ended.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

Births

• March 12 – Charles, Count of Valois, son of Philip III of France (d. 1325)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• Theodore Metochites, Byzantine statesman and author<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• Michael of Cesena, Franciscan theologian (d. 1342)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• Cino da Pistoia, Italian poet (d. 1336)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• Isabella of Burgundy, Queen of Germany (d. 1323)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• Ma Zhiyuan, Chinese poet<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• Namdev, Marathi saint and poet (d. 1350)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• approximate – William Wallace, Scottish patriot<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

Deaths

• January 18 – Saint Margaret of Hungary (b. 1242)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• February 23 – Saint Isabelle of France, French princess and saint (b. 1225)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• March 17 – Philip of Montfort, Lord of Tyre<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• May 3 – Béla IV of Hungary (b. 1206)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• July 9 – Stephen Báncsa, Hungarian cardinal (b. c. 1205)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• July 18 – Boniface of Savoy, Archbishop of Canterbury<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• August 25
  • King Louis IX of France (b. 1214)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
  • Alphonso of Brienne (b. c. 1225)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• September 24 – Philip of Montfort, Lord of Castres<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• December 4 – Theobald II of Navarre (Theobald V of Champagne) (b. c. 1238)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• David VII Ulu, King of Georgia (b. 1215)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• Ibn Abi Usaibia, Syrian Arab medical historian (b. 1203)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• Isaac ben Moses of Vienna, Jewish rabbi and scholar (b. 1200)<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
• Roger Bigod, 4th Earl of Norfolk (b. 1212)<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref>
• Uli I of Mali, second mansa of the Mali Empire<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>