Aloysius Lilius

Aloysius Lilius (Template:Circa 1510 – 1576), also variously referred to as Luigi Lilio or Luigi Giglio, was an Italian physician, astronomer, philosopher and chronologist, and also the "primary author" who provided the proposal that (after modifications) became the basis of the Gregorian Calendar reform of 1582.<ref name=zigg>For name-variants and a few biographical details (including citation to a biography published in 1963) see page 206 in: A Ziggelaar (1983), "The papal bull of 1582 promulgating a reform of the calendar", pages 201–239 in G. V. Coyne (ed.), The Gregorian Reform of the Calendar: Proceedings of the Vatican conference to commemorate its 400th anniversary (Vatican City: Specola Vaticana), 1983.</ref><ref>Richard W. Beveridge (2003), "Friday the 13th and the Mathematics of the Gregorian Calendar", University of Maine, Template:Webarchive.</ref>

The crater Lilius on the Moon is named after him, as is the asteroid 2346 Lilio. In computer science, the Lilian date is the number of days since the adoption of the Gregorian calendar on 15 October 1582.

Life and work

Not much is known about the early life of Lilius/Lilio/Giglio. It is known that he came from the comune of Cirò in the province of Crotone, in the Calabria region of Italy. He studied medicine and astronomy in Naples, after which he served Count Carafa.<ref>Lilio was said to have lectured in medicine at the University of Perugia from 1552, but the source for that was recently checked by A. Ziggelaar, who could not find verification: A Ziggelaar (1983), article cited above, at page 233, footnote 22.</ref> He settled in Verona and died in 1576. Although he was still alive at the time when his proposal was presented at Rome, it does not seem that he made the presentation; it was handled by his brother Antonio, also a physician and astronomer.<ref>A biography (in Italian) by Giulio Aromolo (Napoli, 1963, Istituto della stampa, 109pp), "Papi astronomi e patte : Luigi Giglio astronomo 'primus auctor' della riforma gregoriana del calendario", is referenced by A. Ziggelaar (1983) in the article cited above, at page 223, footnote 21.</ref>

He is primarily known as the inventor of the Gregorian Calendar: he wrote the proposal on which (after modifications) the calendar reform was based. Lilio's brother Antonio presented the manuscript to Pope Gregory XIII; it was passed to the calendar reform commission in 1575.<ref>According to A Ziggelaar (1983), article cited above, see page 208.</ref> The commission issued a printed summary entitled Template:Lang (Compendium of a New Plan for the Restitution of the Calendar), printed in 1577 and circulated within the Roman Catholic world in early 1578 as a consultation document. Lilio's manuscript itself is not known to have survived; the printed Compendium is the nearest known source for the details it contained.<ref>G. Moyer (1983), "Aloisius Lilius and the 'Compendium novae rationis restituendi kalendariumTemplate:'", pages 171–188 in G.V. Coyne (ed.), The Gregorian Reform of the Calendar: Proceedings of the Vatican conference to commemorate its 400th anniversary (Vatican City: Specola Vaticana), 1983.</ref><ref>The Compendium text can be found (in Latin) as part of Christopher Clavius' complete explanation of the Gregorian calendar, in Volume 5 of Clavius' complete mathematical works, online from Mathematics Library, University of Notre Dame, from page 3 Template:Webarchive to page 12 Template:Webarchive. An HTML version (in Latin with a French translation) is also available.</ref>

The processes of consultation and deliberation meant that the reform to the calendar did not occur until 1582, six years after the death of Luigi Lilio in 1576. The reform had by then received some modifications in points of detail by the reform commission, in which one of the leading members was Christopher Clavius, who afterwards wrote defences and an explanation of the reformed calendar, including an emphatic acknowledgement of Lilio's work, especially for his provision of a useful reform for the lunar cycle: "We owe much gratitude and praise to Luigi Giglio who contrived such an ingenious Cycle of Epacts which, inserted in the calendar, always shows the new moon and so can be easily adapted to any length of the year, if only at the right moments the due adjustment is applied."<ref>A. Ziggelaar (1983), article cited above, see page 209.</ref> The papal bull (Template:Lang) was issued on 24 February 1582 (year 1581 in Florentine Easter-based reckoning), ordering Catholic clergy to adopt the new calendar, and exhorting all Catholic sovereigns to do the same.<ref name=zigg />

The year 2010 was the 500th year since the Lilius' birth; several activities were organized by Italian astronomers in order to recognize the great work performed by him. In particular, in Torretta di Crucoli (Crotone, Italy), a new astronomical group was created and dedicated to Luigi Lilio.<ref>Circolo Astrofili Luigi Lilio Torretta (C.A.L.L.T.)</ref>Template:Fcn

References

• Template:Cite journal.
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External links

• Template:CathEncy
• Circolo Astrofili Luigi Lilio Torretta