1173

File:Mieszko III Stary (275028).jpg

Mieszko III (the Old) (c. 1126–1202)

Year 1173 (MCLXXIII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar.

Events

By place

Europe

• January 5 – Bolesław IV (the Curly), High Duke of Poland, dies after a 27-year reign. He is succeeded by his half-brother Mieszko III (the Old), and as duke of Sandomierz in Lesser Poland by Casimir II (the Just).
• King Canute I (Knut Eriksson) extends his rule after the death of co-ruler Kol – which includes also Östergötland. He becomes the unopposed sole-ruler of Sweden. Canute is supported by Earl Birger Brosa.
• Abu Yaqub Yusuf, caliph of the Almohad Caliphate, re-populates the western Andalusian city of Beja. But it is rapidly abandoned, a sign of the quick demographic weakening of the Muslims in the peninsula.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>

England

• Spring – Henry the Young King withdraws to the French court, marking the beginning of the Revolt of 1173–74, in which former Queen Eleanor of Aquitaine and her sons rebel against her ex-husband King Henry II.
• October 17 – Battle of Fornham: Rebel forces are defeated while fording the River Lark. Flemish mercenaries are driven into the nearby swamps by the English royalists under Lord Richard de Luci (or Lucy).<ref>Beeler, John (1971). Warfare in Feudal Europe, 730–1200, pp 104–105. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press. Template:ISBN.</ref>

Egypt

• Summer – Saladin leads an expeditionary army against the Bedouin tribes in Oultrejordain to secure a route between Egypt and Syria. He raids the region at Kerak Castle.<ref>David Nicolle (2011). Osprey: Command 12 - Saladin, p. 4. Template:ISBN.</ref>
• Pro-Fatimid rising in Upper Egypt led by Kanz al-Dawla, governor of Aswan, is crushed by Saladin's brother Al-Adil.

China

• The Qiandao era ends and the Chunxi era begins during the reign of Emperor Xiao Zong of the Song dynasty.

South India

• Sinhalese king Parakramabahu the Great gains a decisive victory by invading the Chola Empire as an ally of the Pandyas, capturing Tondi and Pasi regions.

By topic

Art and Leisure

• August 8 – The construction of a campanile, which will become the Leaning Tower of Pisa, begins.
• Algebraic chess notation is first recorded.

Agriculture

• King Béla III invites Cistercian and Premonstratensian monks to Hungary. They introduce advanced agricultural methods in the realm (approximate date).

Religion

• February 21 – Thomas Becket is canonized by Pope Alexander III. His tomb in Canterbury Cathedral becomes a shrine and a popular pilgrimage destination.<ref name=CBH>Template:Cite book</ref>
• Peter Waldo, French spiritual leader, is converted to Christianity and founds the Waldensians.
• The Great Mosque of al-Nuri in Mosul is completed (approximate date).

• Pedro Gudestéiz resigns the archdiocese of Santiago de Compostela after some controversy.<ref>Richard A. Fletcher, The Episcopate in the Kingdom of León in the Twelfth Century (Oxford University Press, 1978), p. 59.</ref>

Births

• May 21 – Shinran, founder of Shin Buddhism (d. 1263)
• October 31 – Kujō Ninshi, Japanese empress (d. 1239)
• December 23 – Louis I, duke of Bavaria (d. 1231)
• Diya al-Din al-Maqdisi, Arab Sunni scholar (d. 1245)
• Frederick I, count of Berg-Altena (approximate date)
• Isabella, countess of Gloucester (approximate date)
• Kamal al-Din Isfahani, Persian poet and writer (d. 1237)
• Kolbeinn Tumason, Icelandic chieftain (d. 1208)
• Llywelyn the Great, king of Gwynedd (d. 1240)
• Louis IV (the Young), French nobleman (d. 1226)
• Rostislav II, Grand Prince of Kiev (d. 1214)
• Tankei, Japanese Buddhist sculptor (d. 1256)
• Walter Devereux, Norman nobleman (d. 1197)

Deaths

• January 5 – Bolesław IV (the Curly), duke of Poland
• February 10 – Muiredach Ua Cobthaig, Irish bishop
• March 10 – Richard of Saint Victor, Scottish theologian
• May 25 – Euphrosyne of Polotsk, Belarusian granddaughter
• August 9 – Najm ad-Din Ayyub, father of Saladin
• August 13 – Nerses IV, Catholicos of Armenia (b. 1102)
• October 15 – Petronilla, queen of Aragon (b. 1136)
• November 7 – Uijong, Korean ruler Goryeo (b. 1127)
• Benjamin of Tudela, Spanish Jewish traveler (b. 1130)
• Benoît de Sainte-Maure, French poet and writer
• Fujiwara no Ikushi, Japanese empress (b. 1146)
• Hemachandra, Indian poet and polymath (b. 1088)
• Kol of Sweden, Swedish ruler of Östergötland
• Narasimha I, Indian ruler of the Hoysala Empire
• Raimbaut d'Aurenga, French troubadour (b. 1147)
• Rajaraja II, Indian ruler of the Chola dynasty
• Reginald Fitzurse, English nobleman (b. 1145)
• Roger de Clare, 2nd Earl of Hertford (b. 1116)
• Vladimir III, Grand Prince of Kiev (b. 1132)