Gianni Agnelli

Giovanni "Gianni" Agnelli Template:Post-nominals (Template:IPA; 12 March 1921Template:Spaced ndash24 January 2003), nicknamed Template:Lang ("The Lawyer"), was an Italian industrialist and principal shareholder of Fiat. As the head of Fiat, he controlled 4.4% of Italy's GDP, 3.1% of its industrial workforce, and 16.5% of its industrial investment in research. He was the richest man in modern Italian history.<ref name="Seal 2009">Template:Cite magazine</ref>

Agnelli was regarded as having an impeccable and slightly eccentric fashion sense,<ref name="Raab 2007">Template:Cite magazine</ref> which has influenced both Italian and international men's fashion. Agnelli was awarded the decoration Knight Grand Cross of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic in 1967 and the Order of Merit for Labour (Cavaliere del lavoro) in 1977.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Following his death in 2003, control of the firm was gradually passed to his grandson and chosen heir, John Elkann.<ref name="Seal 2009"/> Template:Toc limit

Early life

Agnelli was born in Turin; he maintained strong ties with the village of Villar Perosa, near Turin in the Piedmont region, of which he served as mayor until 1980.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> His father was the prominent Italian industrialist Edoardo Agnelli.<ref name="Adnkronos 2023">Template:Cite news</ref> His maternal grandmother was American;<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> his mother was Princess Virginia Bourbon del Monte,<ref name="Adnkronos 2023"/> daughter of Carlo, 4th Prince of San Faustino, head of a noble family established in Perugia, who was married with the American heiress Jane Allen Campbell.<ref name="Francesconi 2022">Template:Cite web</ref> Agnelli was named after his grandfather Giovanni Agnelli, the founder of the Italian car manufacturer Fiat.<ref name="Adnkronos 2023"/> At the age of 14, his father was killed in a plane crash,<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> and he was raised by his grandfather,<ref name="Kovick 2021">Template:Cite web</ref> who died on 16 December 1945, fifteen days after Agnelli's mother, Virginia, died in a car crash.<ref name="Francesconi 2022"/>

Known as Gianni to differentiate from his grandfather, with whom he shared his first name, he inherited the command of Fiat and the Agnelli family assets in general in 1966, following a period in which Fiat was temporarily ruled by Vittorio Valletta while he was learning how his family's company worked.<ref name="Adnkronos 2023"/> Agnelli raised Fiat to become the most important company in Italy, and one of the major car-builders of Europe, amid the Italian economic miracle.<ref name="Adnkronos 2023"/> He was considered the king of Italian business from the 1960s to the 1980s.<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref> He also developed an accessory business,<ref name="Pirro 2008">Template:Cite magazine</ref> with minor companies, such as Fiat Velivoli, operating in the military industry.<ref name="Coletto 2013">Template:Cite web</ref>

File:Fiat Sen. con Avv.-1940.jpg

Agnelli (left) with his grandfather and Fiat founder, Giovanni Agnelli, in 1940

Agnelli was educated at Pinerolo Cavalry Academy, and studied law at the University of Turin, although he never practised law.<ref name="Pirro 2008"/> He joined a tank regiment in June 1940 when Italy entered World War II on the side of the Axis powers. He fought on the Eastern Front, being wounded twice. He also served in a Fiat-built armoured-car division during the North African campaign, for which he received the War Cross of Military Valor.<ref name="La Repubblica, 25 January 2003">Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="Riovera 2021">Template:Cite web</ref> After the armistice of Cassibile, Agnelli became a liaison officer with the occupying American troops due to his fluency in English.<ref name="Pirro 2008"/> His grandfather, who had manufactured vehicles for the Axis powers during the war, was forced to retire from Fiat but named Valletta to be his successor. His grandfather died, leaving him head of the family but Valletta running the company. After the pre-war Topolino, Italy's first inexpensive mass-produced car, Fiat in the mid-fiftees made a bestseller with the Fiat 600.<ref name="Adnkronos 2023"/>

Prior to his marriage on 19 November 1953 to Marella Caracciolo dei Principi di Castagneto, a half-American, half-Neapolitan noblewoman who made a small but significant name as a fabric designer and a bigger name as a tastemaker,<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> Agnelli was a noted playboy whose mistresses included actresses, such Anita Ekberg, Rita Hayworth, Linda Christian, Danielle Darrieux, the socialite Pamela Harriman, and Jackie Kennedy.<ref name="Pirro 2008"/> Although Agnelli continued to be involved with other women during his marriage, including Ekberg and the fashion designer Jackie Rogers,<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> the Agnellis remained married until his death of prostate cancer in 2003 at the age of 81.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

For most of his life, Agnelli was considered to be a man of exquisite taste.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In 2002, he left his paintings to the city of Turin,<ref name="Pirro 2008"/> which established the Pinacoteca Giovanni e Marella Agnelli.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> His only son, Edoardo Agnelli, was born in New York City on 9 June 1954, seven months after the couple's wedding at the Château d'Osthoffen in France.<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> He gave up trying to groom him to take over Fiat, seeing how the boy was more interested in mysticism than making cars; his son studied religion at Princeton University and took part in a world day of prayer in Assisi. His son, who seemed burdened by the mantle of his surname,<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> committed suicide on 15 November 2000 by jumping off a bridge near Turin;<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Agnelli joined police at the scene.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> The Agnellis had one daughter, Countess Margherita Agnelli de Pahlen. She is the mother of John Elkann, Lapo Elkann, and Ginevra Elkann. She has five other children from her second marriage to Count Serge de Pahlen: Maria de Pahlen, Peter de Pahlen, Anna de Pahlen, and Tatiana de Pahlen. Into the 2020s, the de Pahlens remain involved in a dispute with the Elkanns over Agnelli's inheritance.<ref name="Pirro 2008"/><ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Head of Fiat

File:Sandro Pertini e Gianni Agnelli.jpg

Agnelli (in the centre) and the Fiat board of directors meet then president Sandro Pertini (at his left) during an official visit to the new Sevel Val di Sangro factory in 1981

Agnelli became president of Fiat in 1966. He opened factories in many places, including the Soviet Union in the Russian city of Tolyatti,<ref name="Coletto 2013"/> Spain,<ref name="Pirro 2008"/> and South America,<ref name="Kovick 2021"/> such as Automóveis in Brasil;<ref name="Coletto 2013"/> he also started international alliances and joint-ventures like Iveco, which marked a new industrial mentality. During the international energy crisis of the 1970s, he sold part of the company to Lafico, a Libyan company owned by Muammar Gaddafi;<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Agnelli would later repurchase these shares.<ref name="Pirro 2008"/><ref name="Coletto 2013"/> He was also closely connected with Juventus, the most renowned Italian football club,<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref> of which he was a fan and the direct owner.<ref name="UEFA 2003">Template:Cite web</ref><ref name="Beccantini 2004">Template:Cite news</ref><ref name="Vaciago 2023">Template:Cite news</ref>

In 1969 and 1970, Fiat was joined by Ferrari and Lancia. In the 1970s, which were marked by labour tensions, Fiat expanded to the east and agreements with Poland, Turkey, and Yugoslavia were strengthened.<ref name="Coletto 2013"/> In 1974, he was elected president of Confindustria and came to terms with the labour unions by signing the agreement for the single point of contingency with the CGIL by Luciano Lama.<ref name="Adnkronos 2023"/> The 1980s saw increased sales for Fiat under Vittorio Ghidella, with successes such as the Fiat Uno, the Fiat Croma, and the Lancia Thema. In 1986, after a failed agreement with Ford Motor Company, Agnelli bought Alfa Romeo from the Italian state.<ref name="Coletto 2013"/> In the 1990s, as Fiat was unable to make inroads into the non-European automotive markets, Agnelli decided to form an alliance with General Motors. The agreement provided for General Motors to sell 5% of their shares in exchange for 20% of the Fiat Group's package, with the possibility after two years and within the next eight years to buy the remaining 80% of Fiat if it was sold.<ref name="Coletto 2013"/>

In 1991, Agnelli was named an Italian senator for life and joined the independent parliamentary group; he was later named a member of the Senate of the Republic's defence commission. In 1997, he briefly acquired de facto control of Telecom Italia.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> In the early 2000s, Agnelli made overtures to General Motors resulting in an agreement under which General Motors progressively became involved in Fiat. The crisis of Fiat came when Agnelli was already fighting against cancer, and he could take little part in these events.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> Agnelli also encountered a number of difficulties with Mediobanca through Cesare Romiti, who caused Agnelli anxiety. Mediobanca made a policy of constantly supervising Fiat because of their financial interests in the company, often becoming significantly involved in executive decisions and important issues. Vincenzo Maranghi, who later became the CEO of the bank, eventually developed a close friendship with Agnelli, despite previous tensions.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> At the time of his death in 2003, Fiat was worth €3.3 billion; Agnelli's inheritance was twenty-five times bigger by 2023.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Nicknamed L'Avvocato ("The Lawyer") because he had a degree in law even though he was never admitted to the Order of Lawyers, Agnelli was the most important figure in Italian economy, the symbol of capitalism throughout the second half of 20th century,<ref name="Stewart 2018">Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> and regarded by many as the true "King of Italy".<ref name="Gentile 2021">Template:Cite news</ref> A cultivated man of keen intelligence and a peculiar sense of humour, he was perhaps the most famous Italian abroad, particularly in the United States and New York,<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> forming deep relationships with international bankers and politicians, largely through the Bilderberg Group, whose conferences he attended regularly since 1958.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> Some of the other Bilderberg regulars became close friends, among them Henry Kissinger.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref><ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref> He was also close to John F. Kennedy,<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> and was a friend of Truman Capote.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Another longtime associate was David Rockefeller,<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> who appointed him to the International Advisory Committee of Chase Manhattan Bank, of which Rockefeller was chairman; Agnelli sat on this committee for thirty years. He was also a member of a syndicate with Rockefeller that for a time in the 1980s owned Rockefeller Center.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> He was also an honorary member of the International Olympic Committee, a position he held until his death, and was named in 2000 the committee honorary president for Torino 2006,<ref name="Vaciago 2023"/> of which he was an instrumental promoter.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Later life and death

Agnelli stepped down in 1996 but stayed on as Fiat's honorary chairman until his death.<ref name="Pirro 2008"/> Giovanni Alberto Agnelli, the son of Gianni's younger brother, Umberto Agnelli, died of a rare form of cancer in 1997 at age 33 while he was being groomed by his uncle to head the Fiat Group.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> John Elkann, the son of Gianni and Marella's daughter, Margherita, was expected to take over Fiat after Gianni's death. Instead, Umberto became chairman, taking over from Paolo Fresco. While Fresco had diversified the Fiat Group's holdings, Umberto refocused its activities on its auto and mechanics division.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> He then brought in Giuseppe Morchio to mastermind a rescue strategy for the company. Morchio was expected to continue to run the Fiat Group as it attempted to claw its way out of its latest financial crisis.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Upon Umberto's death, Ferrari chairman Luca Cordero di Montezemolo was named Fiat chairman,<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> with Elkann as vice chairman; Morchio immediately offered his resignation. His successor was Sergio Marchionne, an expert of reorganisation who between 2002 and 2004 led the Swiss certification company Societé Générale de Surveillance; Elkann played a key role when he brought Marchionne to Fiat.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Agnelli died in 2003 of prostate cancer at age 81 in Turin.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> Fiat-owned Scuderia Ferrari named their 2003 Formula One contender, the F2003-GA, in tribute to Agnelli.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref><ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref> Juventus and the Italian Football Federation were also in mourning over his death.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In 2021, to celebrate the centenary of Agnelli's birth, a special postage stamp was issued.<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Sports

Juventus F.C.

1940s–1990s

File:Juventus FC - 1972 - Gianni Agnelli, Cuccureddu, Marchetti, Zoff, Altafini and Anastasi.jpg

From left to right: Agnelli, investor and former chairman of Juventus, talks with some squad's footballers (Antonello Cuccureddu, Gianpietro Marchetti, Dino Zoff, José Altafini, and Pietro Anastasi) at Villar Perosa in the summer of 1972.

The figure of Agnelli was intimately linked to the history of Juventus, the association football team of Turin of which he was appointed president from 1947 to 1954. His activity had an impact within the club similar to that of his father, Edoardo Agnelli, twenty years earlier, acquiring important players, such as Giampiero Boniperti, John Hansen, and Karl Aage Præst, who were decisive for the conquest of two Serie A leagues in 1950 and 1952, the first won by the club in fifteen years.<ref name="UEFA 2003"/><ref name="Beccantini 2004"/> Agnelli also had an impact on the transformation at the corporate level during his management from a private club belonging to the rival car manufacturer Cisitalia, chaired by Piero Dusio, to an independent company with private capital with limited liability that achieved further successes.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

After his activity as president of the club, Agnelli remained linked to Juventus by carrying out various management activities as honorary president, with which he was able to maintain his influence on the club until 1994, the year in which he handed over these activities to his brother Umberto. Agnelli led Juventus to ten Italian football champion titles, four Italy Cups, one Intercontinental Cup, one European Cup, one Cup Winners' Cup, three UEFA Cups, and one UEFA Super Cup, for a total of 23 official trophies in 48 years, which made him one of the most important personalities in sports history.<ref name="UEFA 2003"/><ref name="Beccantini 2004"/> He daily called at 6 am Boniperti, such as when he convinced him to become Juventus chairman in 1971,<ref name="Monti 2003">Template:Cite news</ref> and Juventus players to see how they were doing.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Agnelli liked footballers like Stanley Matthews and Garrincha, as well as Pelé, Diego Armando Maradona, Johan Cruijff, and Alfredo Di Stéfano, whom his club tried to sign.<ref name="Monti 2003"/> In 1958, Agnelli sought to purchase Pelé through Fiat's shares.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In a dinner in 1962, Santos F.C. was offered one million for Pelé by Umberto.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In 1962, he sent Boniperti to Chile to sign Pelé with an offer of one hundred million, which the Brazilian Football Federation did not authorise for the transfer.<ref name="Monti 2003"/> He was instrumental in signing Michel Platini, of whom he said: "We bought him for a piece of bread and he's put foie gras on top of it."<ref name="Bocconi 2021">Template:Cite news</ref> He gave several notable nicknames to footballers, such Zbigniew Boniek (bello di notte, or "Beauty at night", which is a play on the title of Luis Buñuel's movie Belle de Jour), Roberto Baggio (Raffaello, after an Italian Renaissance painter, best known as Raphael), and Alessandro Del Piero (Pinturicchio, after the nickname of another Italian Renaissance painter, Bernardino di Betto), and <ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Ahead of the 1996 UEFA Champions League final won by Juventus against Ajax, he said: "If they are a team of Flemish painters, we will be tough Piedmontese."<ref name="Sereni 2021">Template:Cite news</ref> His grandson, John Elkann, as well as his nephew, Andrea Agnelli, followed his footsteps at Juventus.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

1990s–2000s

In 1999, Juventus improved their own record of having won all five major UEFA competitions by winning the Intertoto Cup, the next year was voted the seventh best of the FIFA Club of the Century and in 2009 was placed by the International Federation of Football History & Statistics second in the European best club of the 20th-century ranking, the highest position for an Italian club in both; by the early 2000s, the club had the third best revenue in Europe at over €200 million. This all changed when, three years after his death, Calciopoli controversially hit the club,<ref>Template:Cite book</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> which was demoted to Serie B for the first time in its history despite the club being acquitted and the leagues were ruled to be regular;<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> it was his nephew, Andrea Agnelli, who built the club back up in the 2010s.<ref name="Affaritaliani.it 2022">Template:Cite web</ref> When Agnelli died in 2003, Juventus had won the 2001–02 Serie A at the last matchday,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> and a few months after his death had reached the 2003 UEFA Champions League final, the club's four UEFA Champions League final in seven years, three of which were achieved consecutively; those in 1997, against Borussia Dortmund,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> and in 1998, against Real Madrid,<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> were lost out controversially.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> In the words of Fulvio Bianchi, early 2000s Juventus were "stronger than all those that came after, and had €250 million in revenue, being at the top of Europe, and 100 sponsors. It took ten years to recover and return to the top Italians, not yet Europeans: now the club makes over €300 million, but in the meantime Real, Bayern, and the others have taken off."<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Some observers allege that Calciopoli and its aftermath were a dispute within Juventus and between the club's owners that came after the deaths of Gianni and Umberto Agnelli,<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> including Franzo Grande Stevens, who was nicknamed by Agnelli "the lawyer's lawyer", and Gianluigi Gabetti who favoured Agnelli's grandson, John Elkann, over his nephew as chairman,<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> and wanted to get rid of Luciano Moggi, Antonio Giraudo,<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> and Roberto Bettega, whose shares in the club increased.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Whatever their intentions, it is argued they condemned Juventus: first when Carlo Zaccone, the club's lawyer,<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> agreed for relegation to Serie B and point-deduction, when he made that statement because Juventus were the only club risking more than one-division relegation (Serie C), and he meant for Juventus (the sole club to be ultimately demoted) to have equal treatment with the other clubs;<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> and then when Luca Cordero di Montezemolo retired the club's appeal to the Regional Administrative Court of Lazio,<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> which could have cleared the club's name and avoid relegation, after FIFA threatened to suspend the FIGC from international play,<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> a renounce for which then-FIFA president Sepp Blatter was thankful.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Several observers, including former FIGC president Franco Carraro, argue that had Agnelli been alive, things would have been done differently, as the club and its directors would have been defended properly, which could have avoided relegation and cleared the club's name much earlier than the Calciopoli trials of the 2010s. When Tangentopoli hit the country in the 1990s, Agnelli said: "My men must be defended to the last degree of judgement."<ref name="Affaritaliani.it 2022"/> Moggi, one of the two Juventus directors involved in the scandal, was nicknamed by Agnelli as "the king's groom, who must know all horse thieves".<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Moggi discussed how "Agnelli said that because during my time it was full of sons of bitches. And he wanted an expert, one who could stand up to these here. For me it's a compliment."<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> He added that Calciopoli only happened because "l'Avvocato Agnelli and il Dottor Umberto died",<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> and had the two Agnellis not died, "nothing [of this farce] would have happened."<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite news</ref> According to observers, Juventus was weak after Agnelli's death, with Moggi saying: "The death of l'Avvocato Agnelli made us orphans and weak, it was easy to attack Juve and destroy them by making things up."<ref>Template:Cite web</ref><ref>Template:Cite web</ref> According to critics, Juventus bothered because they won too much under Agnelli. Then-CONI president Gianni Petrucci said "a team that wins too much is harmful to their sport".<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Ferrari

File:Ferrari365Pa.jpg

Agnelli takes delivery of his Ferrari 365 P Berlinetta Speciale. It was the second of only two built by Pininfarina and Ferrari.

Upon Fiat's acquisition of Ferrari in 1969, Agnelli became associated with Formula One and Scuderia Ferrari, which achieved successes in the 1970s with Niki Lauda and Jody Scheckter.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> About his passion for Ferrari, he said: "Not all Italians support the national team, while all Italians and fifty per cent of non-Italians support Ferrari."<ref name="Sereni 2021"/> In 1996, upon the signing of Michael Schumacher, he said: "Of course, if now they don't win with Schumacher it's their fault..."<ref name="Sereni 2021"/> In 1998, two years before Ferrari's return to dominance of the early 2000s with Schumacher, he said: "I wouldn't give up a Juve Scudetto for a Ferrari world championship."<ref name="Bocconi 2021"/> Upon his death in 2003, asked whether Agnelli loved more Juventus or Ferrari, Boniperti recalled: "I think Juve. And he loved Turin very much, the city that has always been in his heart."<ref name="Monti 2003"/> About Schumacher, he was quoted as saying that "this German is very dear to me, in the sense that he costs me dearly, but he is worth it."<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

In an interview with Oggi, Agnelli's grandson Lapo Elkann said: "He saved the Prancing Horse, preventing it from being sold to the Americans. Then he chose the right people: [former Ferrari chairman] Luca di Montezemolo and Jean Todt. He loved Ferrari cars and he loved all the beautiful things in life. It's not enough to be rich to appreciate beauty. Taste cannot be bought."<ref name="Cooper 2023">Template:Cite web</ref> About Agnelli's favoured Formula One drivers, Elkann said: "His favourite driver was the one who won. I think that's why he loved Michael Schumacher. Then he liked Gilles Villeneuve, his way of driving. And Ayrton Senna, who, had he not died so tragically, would have come to Ferrari the following year. He loved talent and courage and also recognised them in his opponents. He was a true sportsman."<ref name="Cooper 2023"/>

Yacht racing

Among his many passions, he was one of the promoters of Azzurra, an Italian boat entering the America's Cup. When in sea, he often spent his time on the 1967 G-Cinquanta,<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> one of his many boats.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Style

Agnelli's fashion sense and style inspired and influenced menswear throughout the years in Italy and around the world. In his retirement speech, Milanese fashion designer Nino Cerruti named Agnelli as one of his biggest inspirations along with James Bond and John F. Kennedy.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> Esquire named Agnelli as one of five best-dressed men in the history of the world.<ref name="Raab 2007"/>

Agnelli's dress style featured a foundation of classic suits. He had a large number of bespoke Caraceni suits, which were of high quality and classic design. He was known for wearing his wristwatch over his cuff and was regarded as conveying sprezzatura,<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> the Italian art of making the difficult look easy.<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref> Agnelli's nickname "The Rake of the Riviera" inspired the classical menswear magazine The Rake.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>

Politics

Politically, Agnelli did not join any party and remained an independent politician; nonetheless, he was close to the Italian Republican Party (PRI), and was described as the Republican monarch of the 20th century.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref> He had amicable relations with the Italian Democratic Socialist Party (PSDI) and Italian Socialist Party (PSI) leaders Giuseppe Saragat and Sandro Pertini, respectively, as well as with Francesco Cossiga of Christian Democracy (DC) and Carlo Azeglio Ciampi.<ref name="Cingolani 2013">Template:Cite web</ref> Despite their political differences and conflicts like the Template:Ill in 1980, he also had relatively amicable relations with the Italian Communist Party (PCI),<ref name="Stewart 2018"/> particularly during the leadership of Enrico Berlinguer; in 2013, Giorgio Napolitano, former PCI member and then president of Italy, described it as "sincere cordiality and sympathy".<ref name="Mauro 2013">Template:Cite web</ref> Several notable PCI leaders, such as Palmiro Togliatti,<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref> Luciano Lama, and Berlinguer,<ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref> and allegedly Antonio Gramsci,<ref>Template:Cite news</ref> were supporters of Agnelli's Juventus.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref><ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref>

Like other family members, such as his grandfather, Agnelli sought to create a non-ideological, centrist political formation of Atlanticist and pro-European persuasion that sought a modernising, internationalist capitalism in contrast to the left and opposed to the populist, nationalist, or fascist right.<ref name="Cingolani 2013"/> He received his first public assignment in 1961 when, on the occasion of the celebrations for the first centenary of the unification of Italy, he was appointed president of the Expo 61.<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> In the 1970s, there were talks of forming a secular bloc between the Italian Liberal Party, PSDI, and PRI, and take over the place of the DC. Ahead of the 1976 Italian general election, then PRI secretary Ugo La Malfa offered Agnelli a candidacy on the party lists;<ref name="Buttington 2020">Template:Cite web</ref> in turn, Agnelli offered his disponibility to be the Ambassador of the Italian Republic to the United States.<ref name="Mauro 2013"/> The DC was ultimately able to not only have Agnelli retire his PRI candidacy, which could have cost them about one million votes, by raising the prospect of economic retaliations for Fiat but also convinced Umberto Agnelli, his younger brother, to join the DC.<ref name="Buttington 2020"/> He turned down the invite by then president Oscar Luigi Scalfaro to become Prime Minister of Italy after Ciampi.<ref name="Cingolani 2013"/>

In 1991, Agnelli was appointed senator for life by Cossiga, then president of the Italian Republic.<ref name="Gentile 2021"/> He joined the For the Autonomies group and was admitted to the Defense Commission of the Senate. In 1994, he was among the three life senators (together with Giovanni Leone and Cossiga) to vote their confidence in the Berlusconi I Cabinet; it was the first time in the history of Italy that life senators were decisive for the confidence in an executive. When Berlusconi was about to enter politics, he said: "If he wins, an entrepreneur will have won. If he loses, Berlusconi will have lost."<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> When the Prodi I Cabinet fell in 1998 and Massimo D'Alema was appointed Prime Minister of Italy and became the first post-Communist to hold the office of a NATO country, as well as Italy's only post-Communist prime minister, his vote in favour of confidence caused a sensation. He told the press that "today in Italy a left-wing government is the only one that can make right-wing policies."<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Quotations

Agnelli is the author of many aphorisms and quotations.<ref name="Bocconi 2021"/><ref>Template:Cite magazine</ref> The most notable of them are related to what he described as "the love of a lifetime", Juventus, about which he said "they are my life's companion, above all an emotion. It happens when I see those shirts enter the field. I even get excited when I read the letter J in some headline in the newspaper. Immediately I think of Juve."<ref name="Sereni 2021"/> He also said: "Juve is for me the love of a lifetime, a source of joy and pride, but also of disappointment and frustration, however strong emotions, as can give a true and infinite love story."<ref name="Sereni 2021"/>

To the shouted cheering, in response to the question "Will Juventus win or the best team win?", Agnelli replied with irony: "I'm lucky, often the two things coincide".<ref name="Sereni 2021"/> He described Juventus thusly: "[Because] Juventus, after a century of history already, has become a legend. A legend that started off in a high school in Turin and finished up by gaining nine or ten million fans in Italy and, of course, the same number abroad with a jersey and colours that are known throughout the world."<ref name="Sereni 2021"/> About Tommaso Buscetta, a member of Cosa Nostra who became a pentito and collaborator of justice, he was quoted as saying: "He said he was obsessively a fan of Juventus? If you meet him, tell him it's the only thing he won't have to regret [a play on the word pentito, which comes from pentire, meaning in English 'to regret']."<ref name="Sereni 2021"/>

Honours

• File:Cordone di gran Croce OMRI BAR.svg Knight Grand Cross of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic, 27 December 1967.<ref name="Quirinale">Template:Cite web</ref>
• File:OrdineLavoro.png Knight of the Order of Merit for Labour, 1977.<ref name="Quirinale"/>
• File:Benemeriti della cultura BAR.svg Italian Medal of Merit for Culture and Art, June 1987.<ref name="Quirinale"/>
• File:Croce di guerra al valor militare BAR.svg War Cross of Military Valor, 13 February 1943.<ref name="La Repubblica, 25 January 2003"/><ref name="Riovera 2021"/>
• 1940-1943 Medaglia commemorativa del periodo bellico it BAR Template:Ill.<ref name="Riovera 2021"/>
• File:Croce di guerra al merito BAR.svg War Merit Cross.<ref name="Riovera 2021"/>
• MaltaBali Grand Cross of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

Further reading

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External links

• Giovanniagnelli.it – his life in images (in English and Italian)
• Agnèlli, Giovanni, detto Gianni at Treccani (in Italian)
• Agnèlli, Giovanni (1921–2003) at Sapere.it by De Agostini (in Italian)
• Gianni Agnelli at Encyclopaedia Britannica (in English)
• Agnelli, Giovanni at Dizionario Biografico degli italiani by Giuseppe Berta, published by the Institute of the Italian Encyclopaedia in 2013 (in Italian)
• Agnelli, Giovanni at Open Library, Internet Archive (in English)
• Agnelli, Giovanni (1921–2003) at Persée, Ministry of Higher Education, Research and Innovation (in French)
• Gianni Agnelli (1921–2003) at Open Library, Internet Archive (in English)
• Gianni Agnelli at Olympedia (in English)
• Obituary: Italian industrial giant Agnelli dead at 81 by Eric J. Lyman for the United Press International (in English)
• Geneall.net (in Italian)
• Giovanni Agnelli, detto Gianni (Torino 1921–2003) at MuseoTorino (in Italian)
• Agnelli, Giovanni (Gianni) at the National Archive System (in Italian)
• Giovanni Agnelli at Confindustria.it (in Italian)
• Giovanni Agnelli at Senato.it (in Italian)
• Frasi di Gianni Agnelli at Meglio.it (in Italian)