Eth: Difference between revisions
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Latest revision as of 16:05, 4 May 2025
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Eth (Template:IPAc-en Template:Respell, uppercase: ⟨Ð⟩, lowercase: ⟨ð⟩; also spelled edh or eð), known as Template:Lang in Old English,<ref>Template:Cite book</ref> is a letter used in Old English, Middle English, Icelandic, Faroese (in which it is called Template:Lang), and Elfdalian.
It was also used in Scandinavia during the Middle Ages, but was subsequently replaced with Template:Angbr, and later Template:Angbr.
It is often transliterated as Template:Angbr.
The lowercase version has been adopted to represent a voiced dental fricative (IPA: Template:IPAblink) in the International Phonetic Alphabet.
Faroese
[edit]In Faroese, Template:Angbr is not assigned to any particular phoneme and appears mostly for etymological reasons, but it indicates most glides. When Template:Angbr appears before Template:Angbr, it is in a few words pronounced Template:IPA. In the Faroese alphabet, Template:Angbr follows Template:Angbr.
Khmer
[edit]Template:Angbr is sometimes used in Khmer romanization to represent Template:Lang Template:Transliteration.
Icelandic
[edit]
In Icelandic, Template:Angbr, called "eð", represents an alveolar non-sibilant fricative, voiced Template:IPAblink intervocalically and word-finally, and voiceless Template:IPAblink otherwise, which form one phoneme, Template:IPA. Generally, Template:IPA is represented by thorn Template:Angbr at the beginning of words and by Template:Angbr elsewhere. The Template:Angbr in the name of the letter is devoiced in the nominative and accusative cases: Template:IPA. In the Icelandic alphabet, Template:Angbr follows Template:Angbr.
Norwegian
[edit]In Olav Jakobsen Høyem's version of Template:Lang based on Template:Lang, Template:Angbr was always silent, and was introduced for etymological reasons.
Old English
[edit]In Old English, Template:Angbr (called Template:Lang) was used interchangeably with Template:Angbr to represent the Old English dental fricative phoneme Template:IPAslink or its allophone Template:IPAblink, which exist in modern English as the voiceless and voiced dental fricatives both now spelled Template:Angbr.
Unlike the runic letter Template:Angbr, Template:Angbr is a modified Roman letter. Neither Template:Angbr nor Template:Angbr was found in the earliest records of Old English. A study of Mercian royal diplomas found that Template:Angbr began to emerge in the early 8th century, with Template:Angbr becoming strongly preferred by the 780s.<ref>Template:Cite journal</ref> Another source indicates that the letter is "derived from Irish writing".<ref>Template:Cite book</ref>
Under the reign of King Alfred the Great, Template:Angbr grew greatly in popularity and started to overtake Template:Angbr, and did so completely by the Middle English period. Template:Angbr in turn went obsolete by the Early Modern English period, mostly due to the rise of the printing press,<ref name=Hill>Template:Cite book</ref> and was replaced by the digraph Template:Angbr.
Welsh
[edit]Template:Angbr has also been used by some in written Welsh to represent Template:IPA, which is normally represented as Template:Angbr.<ref>Template:Citation.</ref>
Phonetic transcription
[edit]- Template:IPA (U+00F0) represents a voiced dental fricative in the International Phonetic Alphabet.
- Template:IPA (U+1D9E) is used in phonetic transcription.<ref name="L204132">Template:Cite web</ref>
- ᴆ (U+1D06) is used in the Uralic Phonetic Alphabet.<ref>Template:Cite web</ref>
Computer encoding
[edit]Upper and lower case forms of eth have Unicode encodings:
These Unicode codepoints were inherited from ISO/IEC 8859-1 ("ISO Latin-1") encoding.
Modern uses
[edit]- A capital eth is used as the currency symbol for Dogecoin, a cryptocurrency.