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{{Short description|Town in Louisiana, United States}} {{Use mdy dates|date=April 2024}} {{Infobox settlement | name = Zwolle | official_name = Town of Zwolle | settlement_type = [[Town]] | image_skyline = Zwolle Train Station.jpg | image_caption = Old Zwolle Train Station on Main Street | image_map = File:Sabine Parish Louisiana Incorporated and Unincorporated areas Zwolle Highlighted.svg | map_caption = Location of Zwolle in Sabine Parish, Louisiana. | pushpin_map = Louisiana#USA | pushpin_map_caption = <!-- Location ----> | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = United States | subdivision_type1 = State | subdivision_name1 = Louisiana | subdivision_type2 = Parish | subdivision_name2 = [[Sabine Parish, Louisiana|Sabine]] <!-- Government --> | established_title = | established_date = | founder = | government_footnotes = | leader_party = | leader_title = Mayor | leader_name = <!-- Area ----> | unit_pref = Imperial | area_footnotes = <ref name="CenPopGazetteer2020">{{cite web|title=2020 U.S. Gazetteer Files|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2020_Gazetteer/2020_gaz_place_22.txt|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=March 20, 2022}}</ref> | area_total_km2 = 12.90 | area_land_km2 = 11.82 | area_water_km2 = 1.09 | area_total_sq_mi = 4.98 | area_land_sq_mi = 4.56 | area_water_sq_mi = 0.42 <!-- Population ----> | population_as_of = [[2020 United States census|2020]] | population_footnotes = | population_total = 1638 | population_density_km2 = 138.63 | population_density_sq_mi = 359.05 | population_demonym = <!-- General information --> | timezone1 = [[North American Central Time Zone|CST]] | utc_offset1 = -6 | timezone1_DST = [[North American Central Time Zone|CDT]] | utc_offset1_DST = -5 | elevation_footnotes = <ref name=gnis/> | elevation_ft = 240 | coordinates = {{Coord|31|38|20|N|93|38|22|W|display=inline,title}} | coordinates_footnotes = <ref name=gnis/> <!-- Area/postal codes and others --> | postal_code_type = Zip Code | postal_code = 71486 | area_code_type = Area Code | area_code = [[Area code 318|318]] | blank_name = [[Federal Information Processing Standards|FIPS code]] | blank_info = 22-83685 | blank1_name = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID | blank1_info = 2406931<ref name=gnis>{{GNIS|2406931}}</ref> | website = | footnotes = }} '''Zwolle''' ({{IPAc-en|z|Ι|Λ|w|Ι|l|i}} {{respell|zΙ|WOL|ee}})<ref>{{cite book|title=The Pelican Guide to Louisiana| date=1993 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=feb-zJKRTfYC&pg=PA39|publisher=Pelican Publishing|isbn=978-1-4556-1023-5|page=39}}</ref> is a small town in [[Sabine Parish, Louisiana]], United States. The population was 1,759 at the [[2010 United States Census|2010 census]], down from 1,783 in [[2000 United States Census|2000]]. It was named after [[Zwolle]], a Dutch city and the capital of the province [[Overijssel]]. ==History== The first inhabitants of the bowl-shaped area of land upon which the town of Zwolle is situated were the [[Mound builder (people)|Mound Builders]]. Lured here for protection from storms, the "bowl" offered them protection. Prehistoric people built the dome-shaped mounds that line the banks of [[Bayou Scie]] and [[Bayou San Miguel]], which form a hollow circle around the townsite. As Mound Builders, they were ancestors of [[North American Indians]] who inhabited the territory when the [[European ethnic groups|Europeans]] arrived. Later, the area was colonized by Spain, which sent the earliest non-Indians to the territory. Las Cabezas, a [[Spanish missions in Louisiana|Spanish mission]] church was built at Bayou Scie. Spanish soldiers and Native people intermarried over many generations, and Spanish was still spoken in the area until the 1970s. The town was originally called {{lang|es|Vallecillo}}, which became the source of the name Bayou Scie.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Stark |first1=Louisa R. |title=Notes on a Dialect of Spanish Spoken in Northern Louisiana |journal=Anthropological Linguistics |date=1980 |volume=22 |issue=4 |pages=163β176 |issn=0003-5483 |jstor=30027771 }}</ref> The first [[English language|English]]-speaking settlers arrived in [[Sabine Parish]] in 1824, ''via'' [[Natchitoches, Louisiana|Natchitoches]]. These pioneers came chiefly from [[Mississippi]], [[Alabama]], [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]], and the [[Carolinas]]. In 1871, many more of these settlers moved in and acquired land under the [[homestead act]]. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.toledo-bend.com/sabinepar/history/index.asp?request=zwolle|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070926205126/http://www.toledo-bend.com/sabinepar/history/index.asp?request=zwolle|url-status=usurped|title=www.toledo-bend.com "A Look At Zwolle's Early History"|archive-date=September 26, 2007|access-date=May 17, 2020}}</ref> [[Arthur Stilwell]] built the [[Kansas City Southern Railroad]] (KCS) from [[Kansas City, Missouri|Kansas City]] to [[Port Arthur, Texas]]. He had reached [[Van Buren, Arkansas]], in 1893 when he ran out of funds. Stilwell went to [[Zwolle]], the [[Netherlands]], and met with a rich coffee merchant Jan [[De Queen, Arkansas|De Goeijen]]. About 1896, Stilwell and De Goeijen were plotting a route to extend the KCS railway to the Gulf of Mexico. While visiting the area destined to become Zwolle, De Goeijen was impressed with St. Joseph Catholic Church. St. Joseph Catholic Church, established 1881, was a product of the early Spanish missions. De Goeijen sold a $3,000,000 stock issue for Stilwell's railroad and he was permitted to name the place after his hometown and birthplace of [[Zwolle]], a riverside city of currently over 130,000 population in the Netherlands.<ref>[http://www.zwollela.net/story.asp www.zwollela.net "The Story of Zwolle Louisiana"] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080219090803/http://www.zwollela.net/story.asp |date=February 19, 2008 }}</ref> On July 14, 1896, Teofilo βT.β Laroux, a community leader and descendant of the early families, donated 20 acres to the KCS for a railroad depot and town to be built. Paul M. Potts, a prominent cotton farmer donated an additional 22.05 acres on October 15, 1896. The Zwolle townsite was developed by the Arkansas Townsite Company and the official town charter was granted June 12, 1898. The original [[Kansas City Southern Depot, Zwolle]] opened October 26, 1896, and served until the present depot was reconstructed in about 1914 by the KCS. The advent of the railroad brought new prosperity to the town and altered its destiny. Zwolle's strategic location made it possible for the small town to flourish as a transportation center for lumber, oil and cotton production. Though no longer a functioning railroad depot, it remains significant to the history and posterity of the town. On December 23, 1970, the depot was donated to the town of Zwolle by the KCS. The depot was placed on the National Register of Historic Places by the United States Department of the Interior on August 7, 1989. ==Geography== According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the town has a total area of 3.7 square miles (9.5 km{{sup|2}}), of which 3.2 square miles (8.4 km{{sup|2}}) is land and 0.4 square mile (1.1 km{{sup|2}}) (11.99%) is water. ==Demographics== {{US Census population |1900= 276 |1910= 973 |1920= 909 |1930= 1264 |1940= 1500 |1950= 1555 |1960= 1326 |1970= 2169 |1980= 2602 |1990= 1779 |2000= 1783 |2010= 1759 |2020= 1638 |footnote=U.S. Decennial Census<ref name="DecennialCensus">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html|title=Census of Population and Housing|publisher=Census.gov|access-date=June 4, 2015}}</ref> }} ===2020 census=== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right" |+Zwolle racial composition<ref>{{Cite web|title=Explore Census Data|url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?g=1600000US2283685&tid=DECENNIALPL2020.P2|access-date=December 29, 2021|website=data.census.gov}}</ref> !scope="col"| Race !scope="col"| Number !scope="col"| Percentage |- !scope="row"| [[White (U.S. Census)|White]] (non-Hispanic) | 494 | 30.16% |- !scope="row"| [[African American (U.S. Census)|Black or African American]] (non-Hispanic) | 721 | 44.02% |- !scope="row"| [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]] | 215 | 13.13% |- !scope="row"| [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]] | 5 | 0.31% |- !scope="row"| [[Pacific Islander (U.S. Census)|Pacific Islander]] | 2 | 0.12% |- !scope="row"| [[Race (United States Census)|Other/Mixed]] | 111 | 6.78% |- !scope="row"| [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] | 90 | 5.49% |} As of the [[2020 United States census]], there were 1,638 people, 696 households, and 415 families residing in the town. ===2010 census=== As of the [[2010 United States Census]], there were 1,759 people living in the town. The racial makeup of the town was 48.7% Black, 28.1% White, 14.1% Native American, 0.1% Asian and 3.5% from two or more races. 5.5% were Hispanic or Latino of any race. ===2000 census=== As of the [[census]]<ref name="GR2">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] |access-date=January 31, 2008 |title=U.S. Census website }}</ref> of 2000, there were 1,783 people, 630 households, and 437 families living in the town. The population density was {{convert|552.6|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. There were 725 housing units at an average density of {{convert|224.7|/sqmi|/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. The racial makeup of the town was 6.37% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 47.17% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 16.38% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 1.07% from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], and 2.02% from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 33.17% of the population. There were 630 households, out of which 39.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 36.8% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 27.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.5% were non-families. 27.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.73 and the average family size was 3.36. In the town, the population was spread out, with 35.5% under the age of 18, 9.0% from 18 to 24, 23.8% from 25 to 44, 17.0% from 45 to 64, and 14.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 30 years. For every 100 females, there were 82.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 75.3 males. The median income for a household in the town was $15,843, and the median income for a family was $17,326. Males had a median income of $25,625 versus $14,922 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the town was $9,042. About 37.7% of families and 40.5% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 52.8% of those under age 18 and 35.9% of those age 65 or over. ==Education== It is in the [[Sabine Parish School District]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/DC2020/PL20/st22_la/schooldistrict_maps/c22085_sabine/DC20SD_C22085.pdf|title=2020 CENSUS - SCHOOL DISTRICT REFERENCE MAP: Sabine Parish, LA|publisher=[[U.S. Census Bureau]]|access-date=2024-08-03}} - [https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/DC2020/PL20/st22_la/schooldistrict_maps/c22085_sabine/DC20SD_C22085_SD2MS.txt Text list]</ref> Zwolle High School, Intermediate, and Zwolle Elementary School are combined into one building. The school has 1,500 students. ==Culture== ===Zwolle Tamale Fiesta=== The Zwolle Tamale Fiesta is the town's signature festival. The festival was founded in 1975 at the suggestion of Sabine Parish Tourist Commission member and Zwolle native Rogers P. Loupe. The fiesta celebrates the Native American and Spanish heritage and cultural influence rooted in the town's origins.<ref name="auto">https://zwolletamalefiesta.com/ Tamale Fiesta Website</ref> The fiesta takes its name from the [[tamale]] and alludes to the town's local notoriety for what is arguably a spicier version of the [[Mississippi Delta]]-style boiled tamale, which is believed to have been made in the area since the early 1700s.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.zwollela.net/tamale.asp |title=The Zwolle Tamale Fiesta |access-date=May 3, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100413062847/http://www.zwollela.net/tamale.asp |archive-date=April 13, 2010 }}</ref> The festival is traditionally held on the 2nd weekend of October, kicking off on Thursday night and concluding on Sunday. Originally, the Zwolle High School campus hosted the festival. In the early 2000's, the town completed construction of the Zwolle Festival Grounds, after which The Fiesta relocated to the grounds and scaled back to conclude on Saturday night. Attractions include live music, cultural exhibitions, a parade, a ball, a small-scale carnival, a car show and a [[mud bog]] competition.<ref name="auto"/> ===Loggers and Forestry Festival=== Founded in 1995, the Loggers and Forestry Festival pays tribute to workers in the community's [[horticulture]] industry β the cornerstone of the local economy.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://toledobendlakecountry.com/zwolle-loggers-and-forestry-festival|title=Zwolle Loggers and Forestry Festival | Toledo Bend Lake Country|website=toledobendlakecountry.com|accessdate=April 9, 2023}}</ref> Each year, A festival queen is decided by a [[Beauty pageant|pageant]], and the oldest-living logger residing in the town is named the king. The Loggers and Forestry festival is held at the Zwolle Festival Grounds and mirrors the Tamale Fiesta, including several of its signature events like the parade and mud bog. The festival is held between late April and early May. It is the town's second-largest local event. ==Notable people== * Former Lieutenant Governor [[William J. "Bill" Dodd]] (1909β1991) graduated from Zwolle High School. * [[Michael Cutright]] of the 1989 [[Denver Nuggets]], played basketball at Zwolle High School and still resides in the area.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thedraftreview.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2429:michael-cutright&catid=27:1989-nba-draft|title=The Draft Review|first1=Fine Line Websites & IT|last1=Consulting|first2=The Draft|last2=Review|website=The Draft Review|date=June 5, 2007 |access-date=May 17, 2020}}</ref> == See also == * [[KTEZ]] * [[Choctaw-Apache Tribe of Ebarb|Choctaw-Apache Tribe]] ==References== {{Reflist}} == External links == * [http://www.louisiana.gov/Government/Parish_Sabine Sabine Parish] * [http://www.toledobendlakecountry.com/ Toledo Bend (Sabine Parish) Tourist Commission] * [http://www.sabine.k12.la.us/ Sabine Parish School District] {{Sabine Parish, Louisiana}} {{Louisiana}} {{authority control}} [[Category:Towns in Sabine Parish, Louisiana]] [[Category:Towns in Louisiana]] [[Category:Populated places established in 1898]]
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