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{{Short description|Capital and largest city of Croatia}} {{About|the Croatian capital city}}{{toomanyimages}} {{EngvarB|date=September 2023}} {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2023}} {{Infobox settlement | name = Zagreb | official_name = {{lang|hr|Grad Zagreb}}<br /> City of Zagreb | settlement_type = [[Capital city]] and [[Counties of Croatia|county]] | image_skyline = {{multiple image | border = infobox | perrow = 1/2/2/2/1 | total_width = 260 | align = center | caption_align = center | image1 = Zagreb (29255640143).jpg | caption1 = [[Ban Jelačić Square]] with [[Zagreb Cathedral]] | image2 = Teatro Nacional, Zagreb, Croacia, 2014-04-20, DD 01.JPG | caption2 = [[Croatian National Theatre, Zagreb|Croatian National Theatre]] | image3 = St. Mark's Church, Zagreb (16054174011).jpg | caption3 = [[St. Mark's Square, Zagreb|St. Mark's Square]] | image4 = Saint George Slays Dragon Monument in Zagreb 03.jpg | caption4 = [[Stone Gate]] in the [[Gornji Grad–Medveščak|Upper Town]] | image5 = Business Centre T-Com Zagreb 2 - Architect Marijan Turkulin.jpg | caption5 = [[Cibona Tower|Cibona]] and [[HOTO Tower|HOTO towers]] | image6 = Miroslav Krleža Lexicographical Institute in Zagreb 01.jpg | caption6 = [[Miroslav Krleža Institute of Lexicography|Lexicography Institute]] | image7 = Museo Mimara, Zagreb, Croacia, 2014-04-20, DD 01.JPG | caption7 = [[Mimara Museum]] | image8 = Pomník Krále Tomislava v Záhřebu.jpg | caption8 = [[Art Pavilion, Zagreb|Art Pavilion]] and Monument of the King [[Tomislav of Croatia]] }} | image_flag = Flag of Zagreb.svg | flag_size = 130px | image_seal = | seal_size = | image_shield = Coat of arms of Zagreb.svg | shield_size = 90px | image_map = {{maplink|frame= yes|plain=yes|frame-align=center|type=shape|fill=#ffffff|fill-opacity=0|stroke-width=2|frame-width=270|frame-height=240}} | mapsize = 230px | pushpin_map = Croatia#Europe | pushpin_mapsize = | pushpin_map_caption = Location of Zagreb in Croatia | pushpin_relief = 1 | coordinates = {{Coord|45|48|47|N|15|58|39|E|region:HR|display=it}} | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = {{flag|Croatia}} | subdivision_type1 = [[Counties of Croatia|County]] | subdivision_name1 = City of Zagreb | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | established_title2 = [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Zagreb|RC diocese]] | established_date2 = 1094 | established_title3 = [[Golden Bull of 1242|Free royal city]] | established_date3 = 1242 | established_title4 = Unified | established_date4 = 1850 | parts_type = Subdivisions | parts = 17 [[Districts of Zagreb|city districts]]<br />218 local committees<br />70 [[Settlement (Croatia)|settlements]] | government_footnotes = | government_type = [[Mayor–council government|Mayor-Council]] | leader_party = [[We can! (Croatia)|Možemo!]] | leader_title = [[List of mayors of Zagreb|Mayor]] | leader_name = [[Tomislav Tomašević]] | leader_title1 = [[Zagreb Assembly|City Assembly]] | leader_name1 = {{Collapsible list |title = 48 members |frame_style = border: none; padding: 0; |list_style = text-align:left;display:none; | {{Color box|{{party color|Green–Left Coalition}}|border=darkgray}} [[Green–Left Coalition|Green–Left]] (23) | {{Color box|{{party color|Croatian Democratic Union}}|border=darkgray}} [[Croatian Democratic Union|HDZ]] (6) | {{Color box|{{party color|Homeland Movement (Croatia)}}|border=darkgray}} [[Homeland Movement (Croatia)|DP]] (5) | {{Color box|{{party color|Bandić Milan 365 – Labour and Solidarity Party}}|border=darkgray}} [[Bandić Milan 365 – Labour and Solidarity Party|BM365]] (5) | {{Color box|{{party color|Social Democratic Party of Croatia}}|border=darkgray}} [[Social Democratic Party of Croatia|SDP]] (5) | {{Color box|{{party color|The Bridge (Croatia)}}|border=darkgray}} [[The Bridge (Croatia)|Most]] (3) | {{Color box|{{party color|Independent Democratic Serb Party}}|border=darkgray}} [[Independent Democratic Serb Party|SDSS]] (1) }} | unit_pref = Metric | area_footnotes = <ref>{{Cite Q|Q119585703|mode=cs1}}</ref> | area_total_km2 = 641.2 | area_land_km2 = | area_urban_km2 = 305.8 | area_metro_footnotes = <ref name=metro>{{cite web |url=https://www.zagreb.hr/UserDocsImages/gu%20za%20strategijsko%20planiranje/SRUAZ%202020%20_layout_ENG_digital.pdf |title=Zagreb Urban Agglomeration Development Strategy for the period up to 2020 |date=April 2018 |website=www.zagreb.hr |access-date=28 December 2019 |archive-date=29 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201029113725/https://www.zagreb.hr/UserDocsImages/gu%20za%20strategijsko%20planiranje/SRUAZ%202020%20_layout_ENG_digital.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> | area_metro_km2 = <!--291 this value must be wrong--> | elevation_footnotes = <ref name=ljetopis>{{cite journal |url=http://www1.zagreb.hr/zgstat/documents/Ljetopis%202007/STATISTICKI%20LJETOPIS%202007.pdf |title=Statistički ljetopis Grada Zagreba 2007 |journal=Statistički Ljetopis Zagreba |year=2013 |access-date=12 November 2008 |issn=1330-3678 |language=hr, en |archive-date=3 December 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081203100438/http://www1.zagreb.hr/zgstat/documents/Ljetopis%202007/STATISTICKI%20LJETOPIS%202007.pdf |url-status=dead}}</ref> | elevation_m = 158 | elevation_ft = 518 | elevation_max_m = 1035 | elevation_min_m = 122 | population_footnotes = <ref name="Census 2021">{{Croatian Census 2021|S}}</ref> | population_as_of = 2021 | population_total = 767,131 | population_urban = 663592 | total_type = City | population_density_km2 = auto | population_density_urban_km2 = auto | population_metro_footnotes = <ref name=metro/> | population_metro = 1,086,528 | population_density_metro_km2 = auto | population_demonym = Zagreber ([[English language|en]])<br />Zagrepčanin ([[Croatian language|hr]], male) <br />Zagrepčanka ([[Croatian language|hr]], female) <br />''Purger'' (informal, [[jargon]]) | timezone = [[Central European Time|CET]] | timezone_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]] | utc_offset = +01:00 | utc_offset_DST = +02:00 | postal_code_type = Postal code | postal_code = HR-10 000, HR-10 010, HR-10 020, HR-10040 | area_code_type = [[Telephone numbers in Croatia|Area code]] | area_code = +385 1 | demographics_type1 = GDP | demographics1_footnotes = <ref>{{cite web | url=https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/tgs00003/default/table?lang=en | title=EU regions by GDP, Eurostat|access-date=18 September 2023}}</ref> | demographics1_title1 = City | demographics1_info1 = €23.1 billion (2022) | demographics1_title2 = Per capita | demographics1_info2 = €30,138 (2022) | blank6_name = [[Human Development Index|HDI]] (2022) | blank6_info = 0.938<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://globaldatalab.org/shdi/table/shdi/HRV/?levels=1+4&years=2022+2021&interpolation=0&extrapolation=0|title=Sub-national HDI - Subnational HDI - Global Data Lab |website=globaldatalab.org}}</ref><br/>{{color|#090|very high}} · [[List of Croatian counties by Human Development Index|1st]] | website = {{URL|zagreb.hr}} | image_map1 = Grad Zagreb in Croatia.svg | map_caption1 = The city of Zagreb in Croatia }} '''Zagreb''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|z|ɑː|ɡ|r|ɛ|b}} {{respell|ZAH|greb}}<ref> {{cite book |last=Wells |first=John C. |year=2008 |title=Longman Pronunciation Dictionary |edition=3rd |publisher=Longman |isbn=978-1-4058-8118-0}}; {{cite book |last=Roach |first=Peter |year=2011 |title=Cambridge English Pronouncing Dictionary |edition=18th |place=Cambridge |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-15253-2}}</ref> {{IPA|hr|zǎːɡreb|lang|hr-Zagreb.ogg}}{{efn|[[Kajkavian]] pronunciation: {{IPA|kjv|ˈzagrep|}}<ref>{{cite book |title=International Review of Slavic Linguistics |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hI7jAAAAMAAJ |year=1982 |publisher=Linguistic Research |isbn=9780887830464}}</ref>}})<ref>{{cite web |title=Hrvatski jezični portal |url=http://hjp.znanje.hr/index.php?show=search_by_id&id=f15nWxR%2B&keyword=Zagreb |access-date=23 March 2015 |archive-date=27 August 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150827064458/http://hjp.znanje.hr/index.php?show=search_by_id&id=f15nWxR%2B&keyword=Zagreb |url-status=live }}</ref> is the [[capital (political)|capital]] and [[List of cities and towns in Croatia#List of cities and towns|largest city]] of [[Croatia]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Grad Zagreb službene stranice |url=http://www.zagreb.hr/ |access-date=20 June 2017 |archive-date=20 June 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170620052031/http://www.zagreb.hr/ |url-status=live }}</ref> It is in the [[Northern Croatia|north of the country]], along the [[Sava]] river, at the southern slopes of the [[Medvednica]] mountain. Zagreb stands near the international border between Croatia and [[Slovenia]] at an elevation of approximately {{cvt|158|m|ft}} [[above mean sea level|above sea level]].<ref>{{cite web |title=OSNOVNI PODACI O GRADU ZAGREBU |url=http://www1.zagreb.hr/zgstat/osnovni_stat_podaci.html |access-date=20 June 2017 |archive-date=7 June 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170607084031/http://www1.zagreb.hr/zgstat/osnovni_stat_podaci.html |url-status=dead}}; {{cite web |title=Zagreb, Zagreb... – ZPR – FER |url=http://web.zpr.fer.hr/ergonomija/2004/hendija/geografski.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070730134020/http://web.zpr.fer.hr/ergonomija/2004/hendija/geografski.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=30 July 2007 |access-date=20 June 2017}}</ref> At the 2021 census, the city itself had a population of 767,131,<ref name="Census 2021"/> while the population of [[Zagreb metropolitan area]] is 1,086,528. The oldest settlement in the vicinity of the city was the Roman [[Andautonia]], in today's [[Šćitarjevo]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Arheološki park ANDAUTONIJA |url=http://www.andautonia.com/ |access-date=20 June 2017 |archive-date=1 January 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120101022216/http://www.andautonia.com/ |url-status=dead }}; {{cite web |title=Arheološki park ANDAUTONIJA u Ščitarjevu – Arheološki muzej u Zagrebu |url=http://www.amz.hr/naslovnica/virtualna-setnja/arheoloski-park/arheoloski-park-andautonija-u-scitarjevu.aspx |access-date=20 June 2017 |archive-date=29 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170729111048/http://www.amz.hr/naslovnica/virtualna-setnja/arheoloski-park/arheoloski-park-andautonija-u-scitarjevu.aspx |url-status=dead }}; {{cite web |title=Povijest – Andautonija |url=http://andautonija.hr/povijest/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120726004638/http://andautonija.hr/povijest/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=26 July 2012 |access-date=20 June 2017 }}; {{cite web |title=Andautonija – Turistička zajednica Zagrebačke županije |url=http://www.tzzz.hr/mjesta/velika-gorica/andautonija/ |access-date=20 June 2017 |archive-date=29 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170729092751/http://www.tzzz.hr/mjesta/velika-gorica/andautonija/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The historical record of the name "Zagreb" dates from 1134, in reference to the foundation of the settlement at [[Kaptol, Zagreb|Kaptol]] in 1094. Zagreb became a [[free royal city]] in 1242.<ref>{{cite web |title=Muzej grada Zagreba – 5. Slobodni kraljevski grad na Gradecu |url=http://www.mgz.hr/hr/postav/kraljevski_grad/ |access-date=20 June 2017 |archive-date=5 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170705053418/http://www.mgz.hr/hr/postav/kraljevski_grad/ |url-status=dead }}; {{cite web |title=Kralj Bela IV Gradecu izdao Zlatnu bulu kojom je postao slobodni kraljevski grad |date=16 November 2014 |url=https://narod.hr/kultura/kralj-bela-iv-gradecu-izdao-zlatnu-bulu-kojom-je-postao-slobodni-kraljevski-grad |access-date=20 June 2017 |archive-date=29 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170729100330/https://narod.hr/kultura/kralj-bela-iv-gradecu-izdao-zlatnu-bulu-kojom-je-postao-slobodni-kraljevski-grad |url-status=live }}; {{cite web |title=slobodni kraljevski gradovi i trgovišta |url=https://www.enciklopedija.hr/clanak/slobodni-kraljevski-gradovi-i-trgovista |access-date=20 June 2017 |archive-date=30 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170730050702/http://www.enciklopedija.hr/natuknica.aspx?id=56666 |url-status=live }}; {{cite web |title=slobodni kraljevski gradec – Grad Zagreb službene stranice |url=http://www.zagreb.hr/slobodni-kraljevski-gradec/39013 |access-date=20 June 2017 |archive-date=29 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170729093144/http://www.zagreb.hr/slobodni-kraljevski-gradec/39013 |url-status=live }}; {{cite web |title=Zlatna bula Bele IV. – Hrvatska enciklopedija |url=https://www.enciklopedija.hr/clanak/zlatna-bula-bele-iv |access-date=20 June 2017 |archive-date=28 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170728022227/http://www.enciklopedija.hr/natuknica.aspx?ID=67295 |url-status=live }}</ref> In 1851, [[Janko Kamauf]] became Zagreb's [[List of mayors of Zagreb|first mayor]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Zagrebački gradonačelnici – Grad Zagreb službene stranice |url=http://www.zagreb.hr/zagrebacki-gradonacelnici/15573 |access-date=20 June 2017 |archive-date=12 June 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170612090740/http://www.zagreb.hr/zagrebacki-gradonacelnici/15573 |url-status=dead }}; {{cite web |title=Popis gradonačelnika grada Zagreba / ZGportal Zagreb |url=http://www.zgportal.com/o-zagrebu/zagrebacki-gradonacelnici/ |access-date=20 June 2017 |archive-date=10 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170710131935/http://www.zgportal.com/o-zagrebu/zagrebacki-gradonacelnici/ |url-status=dead }}; {{cite web |title=Izabran prvi zagrebački gradonačelnik u povijesti – 1851 |date=14 May 2014 |url=http://www.dnevno.hr/ekalendar/na-danasnji-dan/izabran-prvi-zagrebacki-gradonacelnik-u-povijesti-1851-57298/ |access-date=20 June 2017 |archive-date=29 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170729094859/http://www.dnevno.hr/ekalendar/na-danasnji-dan/izabran-prvi-zagrebacki-gradonacelnik-u-povijesti-1851-57298/ |url-status=live }}; {{cite web |title=15. svibnja 1851. – tko je bio prvi gradonačelnik Zagreba? |website=narod.hr |date=15 May 2017 |url=https://narod.hr/kultura/15-svibnja-1851-tko-prvi-gradonacelnik-zagreba |access-date=20 June 2017 |archive-date=29 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170729092423/https://narod.hr/kultura/15-svibnja-1851-tko-prvi-gradonacelnik-zagreba |url-status=live }}</ref> Zagreb has special status as a [[Administrative divisions of Croatia|Croatian administrative division]]—it comprises a consolidated city-county (but separate from [[Zagreb County]]),<ref>{{cite web |title=Kakav je status Grada Zagreba? – Ministarstvo uprave |url=https://uprava.gov.hr/print.aspx?id=12937&url=print |access-date=20 June 2017 |archive-date=29 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170729132011/https://uprava.gov.hr/print.aspx?id=12937&url=print |url-status=live }}; {{cite web |title=Popis županija, gradova i općina |url=https://uprava.gov.hr/o-ministarstvu/ustrojstvo/uprava-za-politicki-sustav-i-organizaciju-uprave/lokalna-i-podrucna-regionalna-samouprava/popis-zupanija-gradova-i-opcina/846 |access-date=20 June 2017 |archive-date=29 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170729103012/https://uprava.gov.hr/o-ministarstvu/ustrojstvo/uprava-za-politicki-sustav-i-organizaciju-uprave/lokalna-i-podrucna-regionalna-samouprava/popis-zupanija-gradova-i-opcina/846 |url-status=live }}; {{cite web |title=Sustav lokalne i područne (regionalne) samouprave |url=https://uprava.gov.hr/print.aspx?id=12643&url=print |access-date=20 June 2017 |archive-date=29 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170729093818/https://uprava.gov.hr/print.aspx?id=12643&url=print |url-status=live }}; {{cite web |title=Zakon o Gradu Zagrebu – Zakon.hr |url=https://www.zakon.hr/z/363/Zakon-o-Gradu-Zagrebu |access-date=20 June 2017 |archive-date=29 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170729093616/https://www.zakon.hr/z/363/Zakon-o-Gradu-Zagrebu |url-status=live }}</ref> and is administratively subdivided into [[#City districts|17 city districts]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Gradske četvrti – Grad Zagreb službene stranice |url=http://www.zagreb.hr/gradske-cetvrti/12913 |access-date=20 June 2017 |archive-date=18 June 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170618195635/http://www.zagreb.hr/gradske-cetvrti/12913 |url-status=live }}; {{cite web |title=Gradske četvrti grada Zagreba / ZGportal Zagreb |url=http://www.zgportal.com/o-zagrebu/grad-zagreb-cetvrti/ |access-date=21 June 2017 |archive-date=19 June 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170619131330/http://www.zgportal.com/o-zagrebu/grad-zagreb-cetvrti/ |url-status=live }}; {{cite web |title=Doznajte kako su glasale pojedine gradske četvrti Zagreba – Dnevnik.hr |url=http://dnevnik.hr/vijesti/hrvatska/lokalni-izbori-2017-evo-kako-su-glasale-pojedine-gradske-cetvrti-zagreba---477393.html |access-date=20 June 2017 |archive-date=27 June 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170627100346/http://dnevnik.hr/vijesti/hrvatska/lokalni-izbori-2017-evo-kako-su-glasale-pojedine-gradske-cetvrti-zagreba---477393.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Most of the city districts lie at a low elevation along the [[Posavina|valley of the river Sava]], but northern and northeastern city districts, such as [[Podsljeme]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Gradska četvrt Podsljeme – Grad Zagreb službene stranice |url=http://www.zagreb.hr/gradska-cetvrt-podsljeme/162 |access-date=20 June 2017 |archive-date=29 May 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170529110254/http://zagreb.hr/gradska-cetvrt-podsljeme/162 |url-status=live }}; {{cite web |title=Karta Podsljeme – Zagreb – Karta Zagreba |url=http://www.kartazagreba.info/karta-podsljeme.php |access-date=20 June 2017 |archive-date=5 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170705220142/http://www.kartazagreba.info/karta-podsljeme.php |url-status=live }}; {{cite web |title=Gradska četvrt Podsljeme / ZGportal Zagreb |url=http://www.zgportal.com/o-zagrebu/grad-zagreb-cetvrti/podsljeme/ |access-date=20 June 2017 |archive-date=29 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170729091642/http://www.zgportal.com/o-zagrebu/grad-zagreb-cetvrti/podsljeme/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and [[Sesvete]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Udaljenost Sesvete - Zagreb - Udaljenosti.com |url=http://www.udaljenosti.com/udaljenost_sesvete_zagreb/ |access-date=20 June 2017 |archive-date=27 June 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170627035626/http://www.udaljenosti.com/udaljenost_sesvete_zagreb |url-status=live }}; {{cite web |title=Karta Sesvete – Zagreb – Karta Zagreba |url=http://www.kartazagreba.info/karta-sesvete.php |access-date=20 June 2017 |archive-date=5 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170705220211/http://www.kartazagreba.info/karta-sesvete.php |url-status=live }}; {{cite web |title=Sesvete – Karta Zagreba |url=http://kartazagreba.net/sesvete |access-date=20 June 2017 |archive-date=28 June 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170628164255/http://kartazagreba.net/sesvete |url-status=usurped }}</ref> districts are situated in the foothills of the [[Medvednica]] mountain,<ref>{{cite web |title=Medvednica / Simboli grada Zagreba / ZGportal Zagreb |url=http://www.zgportal.com/o-zagrebu/simboli-grada-zagreba/medvednica-zagrebacka-gora/ |access-date=20 June 2017 |archive-date=29 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170729100550/http://www.zgportal.com/o-zagrebu/simboli-grada-zagreba/medvednica-zagrebacka-gora/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> making the city's geographical image quite diverse. The city extends over {{cvt|30|km|0|abbr=off}} east-west and around {{cvt|20|km|0|abbr=off}} north-south.<ref>{{cite web |title=Zagreb – Google Karte |url=https://www.google.hr/maps/place/Zagreb/@45.8401104,15.824247,11z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x4765d692c902cc39:0x3a45249628fbc28a!8m2!3d45.8150108!4d15.981919 |access-date=20 June 2017 |archive-date=22 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181122150321/https://www.google.hr/maps/place/Zagreb/@45.8401104,15.824247,11z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x4765d692c902cc39:0x3a45249628fbc28a!8m2!3d45.8150108!4d15.981919 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Karta Zagreba |url=http://kartazagreba.net/ |access-date=20 June 2017 |archive-date=8 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220408171549/http://kartazagreba.net/ |url-status=usurped}}</ref> Zagreb ranks as a [[global city]], with a 'Beta-' rating from the [[Globalization and World Cities Research Network]].<ref>{{cite web |title=The World According to GaWC 2020 |url=https://www.lboro.ac.uk/microsites/geography/gawc/world2020t.html |access-date=31 August 2020 |website=GaWC - Research Network |publisher=Globalization and World Cities |archive-date=12 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220612112616/https://www.lboro.ac.uk/microsites/geography/gawc/world2020t.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The transport connections, the concentration of industry, scientific, and research institutions and industrial tradition underlie its leading economic position in Croatia.<ref>{{cite web |title=Zagreb – naša metropola |url=http://povijest.net/zagreb/ |access-date=20 June 2017 |archive-date=16 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170716230050/http://povijest.net/zagreb/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Zagreb – moderna metropola bogate povijesti – HUP Zagreb |url=http://www.hupzagreb.com/destinacije/destinacija-198 |access-date=20 June 2017}}{{Dead link |date=September 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Grad Zagreb – Velegrad zelenog srca – Jutarnji List |date=21 August 2010 |url=http://www.jutarnji.hr/arhiva/grad-zagreb-velegrad-zelenog-srca/2123625/ |access-date=21 June 2017 |archive-date=29 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170729093008/http://www.jutarnji.hr/arhiva/grad-zagreb-velegrad-zelenog-srca/2123625/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Zagreb is the seat of the [[central government]], [[public administration|administrative bodies]], and almost all [[Government of Croatia|government ministries]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Republika Grad Zagreb – STav |url=http://stav.cenzura.hr/republika-grad-zagreb/ |access-date=20 June 2017 |archive-date=8 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220408171546/http://stav.cenzura.hr/republika-grad-zagreb/ |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Unitarna i centralizirana Hrvatska zrela za redizajn – Glas Slavonije |url=http://www.glas-slavonije.hr/176472/11/Unitarna-i-centralizirana-Hrvatska-zrela-za-redizajn |access-date=20 June 2017 |archive-date=29 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170729100806/http://www.glas-slavonije.hr/176472/11/Unitarna-i-centralizirana-Hrvatska-zrela-za-redizajn |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Sindikati traže izdvajanje Grada Zagreba iz statističke podjele RH |url=http://dnevnik.hr/vijesti/hrvatska/sindikati-traze-izdvajanje-grada-zagreba-iz-statisticke-podjele-rh.html |access-date=20 June 2017 |archive-date=29 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170729131548/http://dnevnik.hr/vijesti/hrvatska/sindikati-traze-izdvajanje-grada-zagreba-iz-statisticke-podjele-rh.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Almost all of the [[List of Croatian companies|largest Croatian companies]], [[Mass media|media]], and scientific institutions have their headquarters in the city. Zagreb is the most important transport hub in Croatia: here [[Central Europe]], the Mediterranean and [[Southeast Europe]] meet, making the Zagreb area the centre of the road, rail and air networks of [[Croatia]]. It is a city known for its diverse economy, high [[quality of living]], [[#Museums|museums]], sporting, and entertainment events. Major branches of Zagreb's economy include [[high-tech]] industries and the [[service sector]]. ==Name== The etymology of the name ''Zagreb'' is unclear. It was used for the united city only from 1852, but it had been in use as the name of the [[Zagreb bishopric|Zagreb Diocese]] since the 12th century and was increasingly used for the city in the 17th century.<ref>For instance, ''Zagrabia'' in [[Giovanni Giacomo de Rossi]]'s ''Mercurio Geografico'' (''Dalmatia Istria Bosnia Servia Croatia parte di Schiavonia [...]'', Rome, c. 1692; [http://www.swaen.com/item.php?id=13422 swaen.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170729095621/http://www.swaen.com/item.php?id=13422 |date=29 July 2017 }}).</ref> The name is first recorded in a charter by [[Felician, Archbishop of Esztergom]], dated 1134, mentioned as {{lang|la|Zagrabiensem episcopatum}}.<ref>Cod. Dipl. II 42: ''rex diuina gratia inspirante ... Zagrabiensem constituit episcopatum videlicet ut quos error idolatrie a dei cultura extraneos fecerat, episcopalis cuira ad viam veritatis reduceret.'' Mladen ANČIĆ, [https://hrcak.srce.hr/164151 "Dva teksta iz sredine 14. stoljeća. Prilog poznavanju „društvenog znanja“ u Hrvatskom Kraljevstvu] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170222195658/http://hrcak.srce.hr/164151 |date=22 February 2017 }} ("Two works from the middle of the 14th century: Contribution to the understanding of "social knowledge" in the Croatian Kingdom") ''Starohrvatska prosvjeta'' III.40 (2013).</ref> The name is probably derived from Proto-Slavic word [[wikt:Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/grębъ|*''grębъ'']] which means "hill" or "uplift". An Old Croatian reconstructed name [[wikt:Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/Zagrębъ|*''Zagrębъ'']] is manifested through the city's former German name, '''Agram'''.<ref name="Gluhak 1999">{{cite journal |title=Neke praslavenske riječi u hrvatskome |via=[[Hrčak]] |journal=Hrvatski dijalektološki zbornik |date=14 November 1999 |issue=11 |pages=11–20 |url=https://hrcak.srce.hr/168641 |access-date=10 July 2017 |last1=Gluhak |first1=Alemko |archive-date=13 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171013065547/http://hrcak.srce.hr/168641 |url-status=live }}</ref> Some linguists (''e.g.'' [[Nada Klaić]], [[Miroslav Kravar]]) propose a [[metathesis (linguistics)|metathesis]] of *''Zabreg'', which would originate from Old Slavic ''breg'' (see Proto-Slavic [[wikt:Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/bergъ|*''bergъ'']]) in the sense of "riverbank", referring to River Sava. This metathesis has been attested in [[Kajkavian]],<ref name="Gračanin 2012">{{cite book |last1=Gračanin |first1=Hrvoje |editor1-last=Goldstein |editor1-first=Slavko |editor1-link=Ivo Goldstein |title=Povijest Grada Zagreba |trans-title=History of the City of Zagreb |volume=1 |date=2012 |publisher=Novi Liber |isbn=9789536045815 |page=22 |language=hr |chapter=Zagrebačko područje do osnutka Biskupije |trans-chapter=Zagreb area before the founding of Zagreb Diocese}}</ref> but the meaning of "riverbank" is lost in modern Croatian and [[folk etymology]] associates it instead with ''breg'' "hill", ostensibly referring to Medvednica. Hungarian linguist Gyula Décsy similarly uses metathesis to construct *''Chaprakov(o)'', a putative Slavicisation of a Hungarian [[hypocorism]] for "[[Cyprian]]", similar to the etymology of [[Csepreg]], Hungary.<ref name="Desy1990">Décsy, Gyula in: Jean-Claude Boulanger (ed.) ''Actes du XVIe Congrès international des sciences onomastiques: Québec, Université Laval, 16–22 août 1987 : le nom propre au carrefour des études humaines et des sciences sociales'', Presses Université Laval (1990), {{ISBN|978-2-7637-7213-4}}. [https://books.google.com/books?id=MLChUpf_66EC&pg=PA202 p. 202] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230410060442/https://books.google.com/books?id=MLChUpf_66EC&pg=PA202 |date=10 April 2023 }}.</ref> The most likely derivation is *''Zagrębъ'' in the sense of "embankment" or "rampart", ''i.e.'' remains of the 1st millennium fortifications on [[Gradec, Zagreb|Grič]].<ref name="Gračanin 2012" /><ref name="Gluhak 1999" /> In [[Middle Latin]] and [[Neo-Latin|Modern Latin]], Zagreb is known as ''Agranum'' (the name of an unrelated Arabian city in [[Strabo]]),{{citation needed|date=June 2024}} ''Zagrabia'' or ''Mons Graecensis'' (also ''Mons Crecensis'', in reference to [[Gradec, Zagreb|Grič (Gradec)]]). The most common folk etymology of the name of the city has been from the verb stem ''[[:wikt:Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/za|za]]-[[:wikt:Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/grobъ|grab-]]'', meaning "to scoop" or "to dig". A folk legend illustrating this derivation, attested but discarded as a serious etymology by [[Ivan Tkalčić]], ties the name to a drought of the early 14th century, during which [[Augustin Kažotić]] (c. 1260–1323) is said to have dug a well which miraculously produced water.<ref>Nikola Štambak, ''Zagreb'' (2004), [https://books.google.com/books?id=QM-ldXH50iAC&pg=PA77 p. 77] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230405183509/https://books.google.com/books?id=QM-ldXH50iAC&pg=PA77 |date=5 April 2023 }}.</ref> In another legend,<ref>{{cite web |title='BILA JEDNOM MANDA BAJNA, GRABILA JE IZ BUNARA' Legenda o Manduševcu i nastanku imena Zagreb |url=http://www.zagreb.info/ritam-grada/zagrebacki-misteriji/bila-jednom-manda-bajna-grabila-je-iz-bunara-legenda-o-mandusevcu-i-nastanku-imena-zagreb/10008 |access-date=20 June 2017 |archive-date=23 June 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170623031019/http://www.zagreb.info/ritam-grada/zagrebacki-misteriji/bila-jednom-manda-bajna-grabila-je-iz-bunara-legenda-o-mandusevcu-i-nastanku-imena-zagreb/10008 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=LEGENDA O IMENU ZAGREBA: Što se krije iza priče o Mandi i žednom junaku? |date=28 December 2016 |url=http://www.zagreb.info/ritam-grada/zagrebacki-misteriji/legenda-o-imenu-zagreba-sto-se-krije-iza-price-o-mandi-i-zednom-junaku/102904 |access-date=20 June 2017 |archive-date=8 June 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170608105500/http://www.zagreb.info/ritam-grada/zagrebacki-misteriji/legenda-o-imenu-zagreba-sto-se-krije-iza-price-o-mandi-i-zednom-junaku/102904 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Poznate i nepoznate legende o Zagrebu i okolici! - Narodni.NET |date=17 January 2012 |url=http://narodni.net/poznate-nepoznate-legende-zagrebu-okolici/ |access-date=20 June 2017 |archive-date=28 June 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170628071256/http://narodni.net/poznate-nepoznate-legende-zagrebu-okolici |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Manduševac, fontana po kojoj je Zagreb dobio ime |url=http://www.zgportal.com/o-zagrebu/simboli-grada-zagreba/mandusevac-fontana-po-kojoj-je-zagreb-dobio-ime/ |access-date=20 June 2017 |archive-date=29 June 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170629142855/http://www.zgportal.com/o-zagrebu/simboli-grada-zagreba/mandusevac-fontana-po-kojoj-je-zagreb-dobio-ime/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Zagreb nije oduvijek bio Zagreb. Znate li kako se zvao? – Večernji.hr |url=https://www.vecernji.hr/zagreb/zagreb-nije-oduvijek-bio-zagreb-znate-li-kako-se-zvao-601895 |access-date=20 June 2017 |archive-date=29 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170729092303/https://www.vecernji.hr/zagreb/zagreb-nije-oduvijek-bio-zagreb-znate-li-kako-se-zvao-601895 |url-status=live }}</ref> a city governor is thirsty and orders a girl named Manda to "scoop" water from the [[Ban Jelačić Square#History|Manduševac]] well (nowadays a fountain in Ban Jelačić Square), using the imperative: ''Zagrabi, Mando!'' ("Scoop, Manda!").<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20071224154308/http://kulturniturizam.croatia.hr/Home/Legende.aspx?idLanguage=2&idDocument=2547 "Legend about Zagreb".] Croatian National Tourist Board. Retrieved on 12 November 2008.</ref> ==History== {{main|History of Zagreb}} {{For timeline}} [[File:Andautonia, iskopine starorimskog naselja.jpg|upright=0.9|thumb|Ruins of the ancient Roman town [[Andautonia]] near Zagreb]]The oldest known settlement located near present-day Zagreb, the Roman town of [[Andautonia]], now [[Ščitarjevo]], existed between the 1st and the 5th centuries AD.<ref name="andautonia">{{cite web |url= http://www.andautonia.com/eng/english.html |title= The Roman town of Andautonia |access-date= 8 November 2008 |work= Andautonia Archaeological Park |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20081207040340/http://www.andautonia.com/eng/english.html |archive-date= 7 December 2008}}</ref> The first recorded appearance of the name "Zagreb" dates from 1094, at which time the city existed as two different city centers: the smaller, eastern [[Kaptol, Zagreb|Kaptol]], inhabited mainly by [[clergy]] and housing [[Zagreb Cathedral]], and the larger, western [[Gradec, Zagreb|Gradec]], inhabited mainly by craftsmen and merchants. In 1851 the [[Ban of Croatia]], [[Josip Jelačić]], united Gradec and Kaptol; the name of the main city square, [[Ban Jelačić Square]] honors him.<ref name="Ban Josip Jelačić">{{cite web |url= http://www.hrt.hr/arhiv/ndd/10listopad/1016%20Jelacic.html |title= Ban Josip Jelačić |publisher= [[Croatian Radiotelevision]] |work= hrt.hr |language= hr |access-date= 30 October 2016 |url-status= dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160305010027/http://www.hrt.hr/arhiv/ndd/10listopad/1016%20Jelacic.html |archive-date= 5 March 2016}}</ref> While Croatia formed part of [[Yugoslavia]] (1918 to 1991), Zagreb remained an important economic centre of that country, and was the second largest city. After [[Croatian independence referendum, 1991|Croatia declared independence]] from Yugoslavia in 1991, the [[Croatian Parliament|Parliament of the Republic of Croatia]] ({{langx |hr| Sabor Republike Hrvatske}}) proclaimed Zagreb as the capital of the Republic of Croatia.<ref name="Sluzbeni List">{{cite web |language= hr |url= http://narodne-novine.nn.hr/clanci/sluzbeni/1991_06_31_875.html |title= Deklaraciju o proglašenju suverene i samostalne Republike Hrvatske | trans-title = Declaration on the Sovereignty and Independence of the Croatian Republic |last= Sluzbeni List |work= narodne-novine.nn.hr |access-date= 27 May 2013 |archive-date= 4 May 2015 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150504090504/http://narodne-novine.nn.hr/clanci/sluzbeni/1991_06_31_875.html |url-status= live }}</ref> ===Early Zagreb=== The history of Zagreb dates as far back as 1094 when the [[Kingdom of Hungary|Hungarian]] [[Ladislaus I of Hungary|King Ladislaus]], returning from his campaign against the [[Kingdom of Croatia (medieval)|Kingdom of Croatia]], founded a diocese. Alongside the bishop's [[Episcopal see|see]], the canonical settlement [[Kaptol, Zagreb|Kaptol]] developed north of [[Zagreb Cathedral]], as did the fortified settlement [[Gradec, Zagreb|Gradec]] on the neighbouring hill, with the border between the two formed by the Medveščak stream.<ref>{{Cite book |last= Hawkesworth |first= Celia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eBSxMUKFJDEC&q=border+between+the+two+being+the+Medve%C5%A1%C4%8Dak+stream&pg=PA18 |title= Zagreb: A Cultural and Literary History |date= 2007 |publisher= Signal Books |isbn= 978-1-904955-30-6 |language= en |access-date= 3 October 2020 |archive-date= 10 April 2023 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20230410060325/https://books.google.com/books?id=eBSxMUKFJDEC&q=border+between+the+two+being+the+Medve%C5%A1%C4%8Dak+stream&pg=PA18 |url-status=live }}</ref> Today the latter is Zagreb's Upper Town ([[Gornji Grad – Medveščak|Gornji Grad]]) and is one of the best-preserved urban nuclei in Croatia. Both settlements came under [[Mongol invasion of Europe|Mongol]] attack in 1242.<ref>{{Cite book |last= Oliver |first= Jeanne |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=j2DTBgAAQBAJ&q=zagreb+1242+tatar+attack&pg=PT28 |title= Croatia Traveller's Zagreb and Beyond: A practical guide to visiting Zagreb, Croatia |date= 2015-02-26 |publisher= Croatia Traveller |isbn= 978-1-311-66016-9 |language= en |access-date= 3 October 2020 |archive-date=10 April 2023 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20230410060336/https://books.google.com/books?id=j2DTBgAAQBAJ&q=zagreb+1242+tatar+attack&pg=PT28 |url-status= live }}</ref> As a sign of gratitude for offering him a safe haven from the Mongols, the Croatian and Hungarian [[Béla IV of Hungary|King Béla IV]] granted Gradec the [[Golden Bull of 1242]], which gave its citizens exemption from county rule and autonomy, as well as their own [[judiciary|judicial system]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Stone |first=Zofia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aFw1DgAAQBAJ&q=golden+bull+of+1242&pg=PT92 |title= Genghis Khan: A Biography |date= 2017-03-01 |publisher= Vij Books India Pvt Ltd |isbn= 978-93-86367-11-2 |language= en |access-date= 3 October 2020 |archive-date= 10 April 2023 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20230410060439/https://books.google.com/books?id=aFw1DgAAQBAJ&q=golden+bull+of+1242&pg=PT92 |url-status= live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=551sGYrx3pAC&q=zlatna+bula+1242&pg=PA17 |title= Zagreb: turistički vodič |date= 1970 |publisher= Masmedia d.o.o. |isbn= 978-953-157-464-8 |language= hr |access-date= 3 October 2020 |archive-date= 10 April 2023 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20230410060336/https://books.google.com/books?id=551sGYrx3pAC&q=zlatna+bula+1242&pg=PA17 |url-status= live }}</ref> === The relationship between Kaptol and Gradec throughout history === The development of Kaptol began in 1094 after the foundation of the [[diocese]], while the growth of Gradec began after the [[Golden Bull of 1242|Golden Bull]] was issued in 1242. In the history of the city of Zagreb, there have been numerous conflicts between Gradec and Kaptol, mainly due to disputed issues of rent collection and due to disputed properties. The first known conflicts took place in the middle of the 13th century and continued with interruptions until 1667. Because of the conflict, it was recorded that the Bishop of Kaptol excommunicated the residents of Gradec twice. In the conflicts between Gradec and Kaptol, there were several massacres of the citizens, destruction of houses and looting of citizens. In 1850, Gradec and Kaptol, with surrounding settlements, were united into a single settlement, today's city of Zagreb.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-11-18 |title=Na Badnjak, Kaptol je počeo bombardirati Gradec koji je uzvratio opsadom…Zaboravljeni opisi otkrivaju kako je izgledao rat Gradeca i Kaptola |url=https://blagamisterije.com/na-badnjak-kaptol-je-poceo-bombardirati-gradec-koji-je-uzvratio-opsadom-zaboravljeni-opisi-otkrivaju-kako-je-izgledao-rat-gradeca-i-kaptola/17902/ |access-date=2023-12-24 |website=Blaga & misterije |language=hr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Lumen |date=2023-05-16 |title=Od veterničkog neandertalca do potresa 1699. |url=https://zagrebmojgrad.hr/od-veternickog-neandertalca-do-potresa-1699/ |access-date=2023-12-24 |website=Zagreb moj grad |language=hr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Željko |date=2023-01-05 |title=Krvavi most |url=https://hrvatski-vojnik.hr/krvavi-most/ |access-date=2023-12-24 |website=Hrvatski vojnik |language=hr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Džalo |first=Marijana |date=2021-08-02 |title=Krvavi most: Deset (ne)poznatih tajni mračne zagrebačke ulice |url=https://belizagrebgrad.com.hr/krvavi-most-deset-nepoznatih-tajni-mracne-zagrebacke-ulice/ |access-date=2023-12-24 |website=Beli Zagreb Grad |language=hr |archive-date=24 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231224172423/https://belizagrebgrad.com.hr/krvavi-most-deset-nepoznatih-tajni-mracne-zagrebacke-ulice/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-07-19 |title=Gdje je sve počelo? Početak dugogodišnjih nasilnih sukoba između građana Kaptola i Gradeca {{!}} Lice Grada |url=https://licegrada.hr/gdje-je-sve-pocelo-pocetak-dugogodisnjih-nasilnih-sukoba-izmedu-gradana-kaptola-i-gradeca/ |access-date=2023-12-24 |language=hr}}</ref> ===16th to 18th centuries=== [[File:Zagreb-Valvasor.jpg|right|thumb|200px|Modern Zagreb's town core emerged from the Upper Town [[medieval]] settlements of [[Gradec, Zagreb|Gradec]] and [[Kaptol, Zagreb|Kaptol]]. Picture from 1689.]] There were numerous connections between the Kaptol diocese and the free sovereign town of Gradec for both economic and political reasons, but they were not known as an integrated city, even as Zagreb became the political center, and the regional Sabor ({{langx |la| Congregatio Regnorum Croatiae, Dalmatiae et Slavoniae}}) representing Croatia, [[Slavonia]] and [[Dalmatia]], first convened at Gradec. Zagreb became the Croatian capital in 1557, with city also being chosen as the seat of the [[Ban of Croatia]] in 1621 under ban [[Nikola IX Frankopan]].<ref>{{Cite web |url= https://www.visit-croatia.co.uk/croatia-destinations/zagreb/history-zagreb/#:~:text=The%20name%20Zagreb%20first%20emerged,seat%20of%20the%20Croatian%20viceroys. |title= History of Zagreb |access-date= 20 March 2021 |archive-date= 23 April 2021 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20210423044352/https://www.visit-croatia.co.uk/croatia-destinations/zagreb/history-zagreb/#:~:text=The%20name%20Zagreb%20first%20emerged,seat%20of%20the%20Croatian%20viceroys. |url-status= live | quote = [...] in 1621 the city was picked to become the seat of the Croatian viceroys.}}</ref> At the invitation of the [[Croatian Parliament]], the [[Society of Jesus|Jesuits]] came to Zagreb and built the first [[grammar school]],<ref> {{cite book |last1 = Varga |first1 = Szabolcs |editor-last1 = Bendel |editor-first1 = Rainer |editor-last2 = Spannenberger |editor-first2 = Norbert |year = 2010 |chapter = Ethnic Groups, Denominations and Migration in South Danubia and Slavonia |title = Kirchen als Integrationsfaktor für die Migranten im Südosten der Habsburgermonarchie im 18. Jahrhundert |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=2xTW9cIRxbIC |series = Kirche und Gesellschaft im Karpaten-Donauraum - volume 1 |publication-place = Münster |publisher = LIT Verlag |page = 18 |isbn = 9783643100450 |access-date = 3 October 2023 |quote = The first Jesuit college opened in Zagreb in 1606 [...]. }} </ref> the [[Catherine of Alexandria|St. Catherine's]] Church (built 1620-1632<ref> {{cite book |last1 = Letcher |first1 = Piers |last2 = McKelvie |first2 = Robin |last3 = McKelvie |first3 = Jenny |date = May 2007 |orig-date = 2003 |chapter = Zagreb |title = Croatia: The Bradt Travel Guide |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=cHpDTbdQFkQC |series = Bradt Guides |edition = 3 |publication-place = Chalfont St Peter, Buckinghamshire |publisher = Bradt Travel Guides |page = 103 |isbn = 9781841621920 |access-date = 3 October 2023 |quote = The Jesuits were also responsible for [St Catherine's Square (Katarina Trg)'s] main attraction, and Zagreb's finest baroque church, St Catherine's. Built between 1620 and 1632, it features some highly superior 18th-century stucco work and an amazing trompe l'oeil altarpiece [...] an extraordinary work from 1762 [...]. }} </ref>) and monastery. In 1669, they founded an academy where philosophy, theology, and law were taught, the forerunner of today's [[University of Zagreb]]. During the 17th and 18th centuries, Zagreb was badly devastated by fire and by [[Bubonic plague|the plague]]. In 1776, the royal council (government) moved from [[Varaždin]] to Zagreb and during the reign of the Emperor [[Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor|Joseph II]] Zagreb became the headquarters of the [[Varaždin]] and [[Karlovac]] general command.<ref name="HRT">{{cite web |url= http://www.hrt.hr/arhiv/hrvati_u_svijetu/upoznajte_hrvatsku/03_glavni_grad_hrvatske/zagreb_eng.html |title= The city of Zagreb |work= hrt.hr |publisher= [[Croatian Radiotelevision]] |access-date=2 July 2006 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20070117124718/http://www.hrt.hr/arhiv/hrvati_u_svijetu/upoznajte_hrvatsku/03_glavni_grad_hrvatske/zagreb_eng.html<!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archive-date= 17 January 2007}}</ref> ===19th to mid-20th century=== <!--''Political history is missing'' (March 2013)--> [[File:Bakrorez panorame Zagreba iz 1822.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Copperplate of the panorama of Zagreb from 1822]] {{multiple image | direction = vertical | align = right | width = 200 | image1 = Demonstracije u Zagrebu 1918.jpg | caption1 = Mass protests in Zagreb against the unification of the [[State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs]] with the Kingdom of Serbia in 1918. | image2 = Ulazak partizana u Zagreb, 9. svibnja 1945. godine.jpg | caption2 = [[Croatian Partisans]] enter [[Ban Jelačić Square]] on May 9, 1945, national celebration on the square }} In the 19th century, Zagreb was the center of the [[Illyrian movement|Croatian National Revival]] and saw the foundation of important cultural and historic institutions. In 1850, the town was united under its first [[List of mayors of Zagreb|mayor]] – [[Janko Kamauf]].<ref name="HRT" /> The first railway line to connect Zagreb with [[Zidani Most]] and [[Sisak]] opened in 1862 and in 1863 Zagreb received a [[gasworks]]. Since 1 January 1877, the [[Grič cannon]] fires daily from the [[Lotrščak Tower]] on [[Grič, Zagreb|Grič]] to mark midday. The Zagreb [[water supply|waterworks]] opened in 1878. After the [[1880 Zagreb earthquake]],<ref>{{Citation |title=Zagreb (Agram) Earthquake, Croatia, 1880 |date=2010 |work=The Illustrated History of Natural Disasters |pages=151–153 |editor-last=Kozák |editor-first=Jan |url=https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-90-481-3325-3_33 |access-date=2024-10-15 |place=Dordrecht |publisher=Springer Netherlands |language=en |doi=10.1007/978-90-481-3325-3_33 |isbn=978-90-481-3325-3 |editor2-last=Čermák |editor2-first=Vladimír}}</ref> up to the 1914 outbreak of [[World War I]], development flourished and the town received the characteristic layout which it has today. The first horse-drawn [[tram]] dated from 1891. The construction of railway lines enabled the old suburbs to merge gradually into [[Donji grad (Zagreb)|Donji Grad]], characterized by a regular block pattern that prevails in [[Central Europe]]an cities. This bustling core includes many imposing buildings, monuments, and parks as well as a multitude of museums, theatres, and cinemas. An [[power station|electric-power plant]] was built in 1907. The first half of the 20th century saw a considerable expansion of Zagreb. Before World War I, the city expanded and neighborhoods like [[Stara Peščenica]] in the east and [[Črnomerec]] in the west grew up. The Rokov perivoj neighbourhood, noted for its [[Art Nouveau]] features, was established at the start of the century.<ref>[[Paris Aéroport]], ''Paris Vous Aime Magazine'', No 13, avril-may-juin 2023, p. 139</ref> After the war, [[working class|working-class]] districts such as [[Trnje, Zagreb|Trnje]] emerged between the railway and the [[Sava]], whereas the construction of residential districts on the hills of the southern slopes of [[Medvednica]] was completed [[Interwar period|between the two World Wars]]. In the 1920s, the population of Zagreb increased by 70 percent – the largest demographic boom in the history of the town. In 1926, the first [[radio broadcasting|radio station]] in the region began broadcasting from Zagreb, and in 1947 the [[Zagreb Fair]] opened.<ref name="HRT" /> During World War II, Zagreb became the capital of the [[Independent State of Croatia]] (1941–1945), which was backed by [[Nazi Germany]] and by the [[Fascism in Italy|Italians]]. The history of [[Zagreb in World War II]] became rife with incidents of régime terror and resistance sabotage - the [[Ustaša]] régime had thousands of people executed during the war in and near the city. [[Partisans (Yugoslavia)|Partisans]] took the city at the end of the war. From 1945 until 1990, Zagreb functioned as the capital of the [[Socialist Republic of Croatia]], one of the six constituent socialist republics of the [[Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia]]. ===Contemporary era=== The area between the railway and the Sava river witnessed a new construction-boom after World War II. After the mid-1950s, construction of new residential areas south of the Sava river began, resulting in [[Novi Zagreb]] (Croatian for ''New Zagreb''), originally called "Južni Zagreb" (''Southern Zagreb'').<ref name="juzni_zagreb">{{cite journal |url= http://www.zarez.hr/222/z_socijalna.html |title= O imaginarnim kartama Južnog ≈ Novog Zagreba |journal= Zarez |last= Maretić |first= Mirko |issue= 222 |date= 10 January 2008 |access-date= 25 February 2009 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20090515163924/http://www.zarez.hr/222/z_socijalna.html |archive-date= 15 May 2009 |language= hr}}</ref> From 1999 Novi Zagreb has comprised two [[city districts]]: [[Novi Zagreb – zapad]] (''New Zagreb – West'') and [[Novi Zagreb – istok]] (''New Zagreb – East'') The city also expanded westward and eastward, incorporating [[Dubrava, Zagreb|Dubrava]], Podsused, [[Jarun]], [[Blato, Zagreb|Blato]], and other settlements. The cargo railway hub and the [[international airport]] ([[Zagreb Airport|Pleso]]) were built south of the Sava river. The largest [[industrial district|industrial zone]] (Žitnjak) in the south-eastern part of the city, represents an extension of the industrial zones on the eastern outskirts of the city, between the Sava and the Prigorje region. Zagreb hosted the [[1987 Summer Universiade|Summer Universiade]] in 1987.<ref name="HRT" /> This event initiated the creation of pedestrian-only zones in the city centre and extensive new sport infrastructure, lacking until then, all around the city.{{citation needed|date=March 2022}} During the 1991–1995 [[Croatian War of Independence]], the city saw some [[Battle of the Barracks|sporadic fighting]] around its [[Yugoslav People's Army|JNA]] [[barracks|army barracks]], but escaped major damage. In May 1995, it was targeted by Serb [[rocket artillery]] in two [[Zagreb rocket attacks|rocket attacks]] which killed seven civilians and wounded many. An urbanized area connects Zagreb with the surrounding towns of [[Zaprešić]], [[Samobor]], [[Dugo Selo]], and [[Velika Gorica]]. Sesvete was the first and the closest area to become a part of the [[urban agglomeration|agglomeration]] and is already included in the City of Zagreb for administrative purposes and now forms the easternmost city district.<ref>{{Croatian Census 2001|C|22}}</ref> == Geography == === Climate === The climate of Zagreb is classified as an [[oceanic climate]] ([[Humid temperate climate|Köppen]]: ''Cfb''), bordering a [[humid continental climate]] (''Dfb''). [[File:Zagreb, Croatia ESA24383472.jpeg|thumb|200px|Satellite view of Zagreb]] [[File:Zagreb areal view (13).jpg|thumb|200px|Aerial view of Zagreb's downtown]] Zagreb has four distinct seasons. Summers are generally warm, sometimes hot. In late May it gets significantly warmer, temperatures start rising and it often becomes very warm or even hot with occasional afternoon and evening thunderstorms. Heatwaves can occur but are short-lived. Temperatures rise above {{cvt|30|C}} on average 14.6 days each summer. During summertime, rainfall is abundant and it mainly falls during thunderstorms. With 840 mm of precipitation per year, Zagreb is Europe's ninth wettest capital, receiving less precipitation than [[Luxembourg City|Luxembourg]] but more than [[Brussels]], [[Paris]] or [[London]]. Compared to these cities, however, Zagreb has fewer rainy days, but the annual rainfall is higher due to heavier showers occurring mainly in late spring and summer. Autumn in its early stage often brings pleasant and sunny weather with occasional episodes of rain later in the season. Late autumn is characterized by a mild increase in the number of rainy days and a gradual decrease in daily temperature averages. Morning fog is common from mid-October to January, with northern city districts at the foothills of the [[Medvednica]] mountain as well as south-central districts along the [[Sava]] river being more prone to longer fog accumulation. Winters are relatively cold, bringing overcast skies and a precipitation decrease pattern. February is the driest month, averaging 39 mm of precipitation. On average there are 29 days with snowfall, with the first snow usually falling in early December. However, in recent years, the number of days with snowfall in wintertime has decreased considerably. Spring is characterized by often pleasant but changeable weather. As the season progresses, sunny days become more frequent, bringing higher temperatures. Sometimes cold spells can occur as well, mostly in the season's early stages. The average daily mean temperature in the winter is around {{cvt|1|°C}} (from December to February) and the average temperature in the summer is {{cvt|20|C|1}}.<ref name="normals">{{cite web |url=http://klima.hr/k1/k1_2/zagreb_maksimir.pdf |title=Zagreb Climate Normals |access-date=2 December 2015 |publisher=Croatian Meteorological and Hydrological Service |archive-date=8 December 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208142149/http://klima.hr/k1/k1_2/zagreb_maksimir.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> The highest recorded temperature at the Maksimir weather station was {{cvt|40.4|°C|°F}} in July 1950, and lowest was {{cvt|-27.3|°C|°F}} in February 1956.<ref name="HRMETEO">{{cite web |url=https://meteo.hr/klima_e.php?section=klima_podaci¶m=k1&Grad=zagreb_maksimir |title=Monthly values and extremes:Values for Zagreb Maksimir in 1949-2019 period |publisher=[[Croatian Meteorological and Hydrological Service]] |access-date=28 May 2021 |archive-date=6 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210606043825/https://meteo.hr/klima_e.php?section=klima_podaci¶m=k1&Grad=zagreb_maksimir |url-status=live }}</ref> A temperature of {{cvt|-30.5|C}} was recorded on the since defunct Borongaj Airfield in February 1940.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Marković |first1=Đurđica |title=Najledeniji dani u našoj zemlji |url=http://blog.meteo-info.hr/meteorologija/najledeniji-dani-u-nasoj-zemlji/ |website=Meteo-info.hr |access-date=22 August 2018 |language=hr |date=21 December 2011 |archive-date=22 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180822145448/http://blog.meteo-info.hr/meteorologija/najledeniji-dani-u-nasoj-zemlji/ |url-status=dead}}</ref> Since records began in 1981, the highest temperature recorded at the Rim weather station in Zagreb was {{convert|38.4|C|F}}, on 8 August 2018.<ref>{{cite web |date=2022-07-19 |author=DHMZ |title=Najviše izmjerene temperature zraka u Hrvatskoj za razdoblje od kada postoje mjerenja |url=https://meteo.hr/objave_najave_natjecaji.php?section=onn¶m=objave&el=priopcenja&daj=najvise_temperature_zraka |website=Državni hidrometeorološki zavod}}</ref> The coldest temperature was {{convert|-19.4|C|F}}, on 12 January 1985.<ref>{{cite web |date=2022-01-21 |author=DHMZ |title=Najniže izmjerene temperature zraka u Hrvatskoj za razdoblje od kada postoje mjerenja |url=https://meteo.hr/objave_najave_natjecaji.php?section=onn¶m=objave&el=priopcenja&daj=najnize_temperature_zraka |website=Državni hidrometeorološki zavod}}</ref> {{Weather box | location = Zagreb Maksimir (1971–2000, extremes 1949–2023) | width = auto | metric first = Y | single line = Y | Jan record high C = 19.4 | Feb record high C = 22.6 | Mar record high C = 26.0 | Apr record high C = 30.5 | May record high C = 33.7 | Jun record high C = 37.6 | Jul record high C = 40.4 | Aug record high C = 39.8 | Sep record high C = 34.0 | Oct record high C = 29.2 | Nov record high C = 25.4 | Dec record high C = 22.5 | year record high C = 40.4 | Jan high C = 3.7 | Feb high C = 6.8 | Mar high C = 11.9 | Apr high C = 16.3 | May high C = 21.5 | Jun high C = 24.5 | Jul high C = 26.7 | Aug high C = 26.3 | Sep high C = 22.1 | Oct high C = 15.8 | Nov high C = 8.9 | Dec high C = 4.6 | year high C = 15.8 | Jan mean C = 0.3 | Feb mean C = 2.3 | Mar mean C = 6.4 | Apr mean C = 10.7 | May mean C = 15.8 | Jun mean C = 18.8 | Jul mean C = 20.6 | Aug mean C = 20.1 | Sep mean C = 15.9 | Oct mean C = 10.5 | Nov mean C = 5.0 | Dec mean C = 1.4 | year mean C = 10.7 | Jan low C = -3.0 | Feb low C = -1.8 | Mar low C = 1.6 | Apr low C = 5.2 | May low C = 9.8 | Jun low C = 13.0 | Jul low C = 14.7 | Aug low C = 14.4 | Sep low C = 10.8 | Oct low C = 6.2 | Nov low C = 1.4 | Dec low C = -1.7 | year low C = 5.9 | Jan record low C = -24.3 | Feb record low C = -27.3 | Mar record low C = -18.3 | Apr record low C = -4.4 | May record low C = -1.8 | Jun record low C = 2.5 | Jul record low C = 5.4 | Aug record low C = 3.7 | Sep record low C = -0.6 | Oct record low C = -5.6 | Nov record low C = -13.5 | Dec record low C = -19.8 | year record low C = -27.5 | precipitation colour = green | Jan precipitation mm = 43.2 | Feb precipitation mm = 38.9 | Mar precipitation mm = 52.6 | Apr precipitation mm = 59.3 | May precipitation mm = 72.6 | Jun precipitation mm = 95.3 | Jul precipitation mm = 77.4 | Aug precipitation mm = 92.3 | Sep precipitation mm = 85.8 | Oct precipitation mm = 82.9 | Nov precipitation mm = 80.1 | Dec precipitation mm = 59.6 | year precipitation mm = 840.1 | unit precipitation days = 0.1 mm | Jan precipitation days = 9.8 | Feb precipitation days = 9.4 | Mar precipitation days = 11.0 | Apr precipitation days = 13.0 | May precipitation days = 13.5 | Jun precipitation days = 13.7 | Jul precipitation days = 11.2 | Aug precipitation days = 10.4 | Sep precipitation days = 10.4 | Oct precipitation days = 10.9 | Nov precipitation days = 11.3 | Dec precipitation days = 11.0 | year precipitation days = 135.6 | unit snow days = 1.0 cm | Jan snow days = 10.3 | Feb snow days = 7.1 | Mar snow days = 1.8 | Apr snow days = 0.2 | May snow days = 0.0 | Jun snow days = 0.0 | Jul snow days = 0.0 | Aug snow days = 0.0 | Sep snow days = 0.0 | Oct snow days = 0.0 | Nov snow days = 2.9 | Dec snow days = 6.7 | year snow days = 29.0 | Jan humidity = 82.5 | Feb humidity = 76.4 | Mar humidity = 70.3 | Apr humidity = 67.5 | May humidity = 68.3 | Jun humidity = 69.7 | Jul humidity = 69.1 | Aug humidity = 72.1 | Sep humidity = 77.7 | Oct humidity = 81.3 | Nov humidity = 83.6 | Dec humidity = 84.8 | year humidity = 75.3 | Jan sun = 55.8 | Feb sun = 98.9 | Mar sun = 142.6 | Apr sun = 168.0 | May sun = 229.4 | Jun sun = 234.0 | Jul sun = 275.9 | Aug sun = 257.3 | Sep sun = 189.0 | Oct sun = 124.0 | Nov sun = 63.0 | Dec sun = 49.6 | year sun = | Jan light = 9.2 | Feb light = 10.4 | Mar light = 11.9 | Apr light = 13.6 | May light = 15 | Jun light = 15.7 | Jul light = 15.3 | Aug light = 14.1 | Sep light = 12.5 | Oct light = 10.9 | Nov light =9.5 | Dec light = 8.7 | year light = | Jan percentsun = 23 | Feb percentsun = 39 | Mar percentsun = 43 | Apr percentsun = 45 | May percentsun = 54 | Jun percentsun = 55 | Jul percentsun = 63 | Aug percentsun = 63 | Sep percentsun = 54 | Oct percentsun = 41 | Nov percentsun = 26 | Dec percentsun = 23 | year percentsun = 47 | Jan uv = 1 | Feb uv = 2 | Mar uv = 3 | Apr uv = 5 | May uv = 7 | Jun uv = 8 | Jul uv = 8 | Aug uv = 7 | Sep uv = 5 | Oct uv = 3 | Nov uv = 1 | Dec uv = 1 | source = [[Croatian Meteorological and Hydrological Service]]<ref name= normals/><ref name=HRMETEO/> | source 2 = Weather Atlas<ref name=WeatherAtlas>{{Cite web |url=https://www.weather-atlas.com/en/croatia/zagreb-climate |title=The climate of Zagreb |access-date=4 June 2024 |website=Weather Atlas |no-pp=y}}</ref> | date = August 2010 }} ===Cityscape=== {{wide image|File:Zagreb hl001-pan.jpg|800px|Panoramic view from Zagreb's [[Gornji Grad–Medveščak|Upper town]].}} The most important historical [[high-rise]] constructions are [[Neboder]] (1958) on [[Ban Jelačić Square]], [[Cibona Tower]] (1987), and [[Zagrepčanka]] (1976) on Savska Street, [[Mamutica]] in Travno ([[Novi Zagreb – istok]] district, built in 1974) and [[Zagreb TV Tower]] on [[Medvednica|Sljeme]] (built in 1973).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://putujte.blogspot.com/2014/12/gdje-se-nalazi-najvazniji-neboder-u.html |title=Zagreb hoteli – putovanje u Zagreb |access-date=27 August 2015 |date=19 December 2014 |work=Blogger |language=hr |archive-date=14 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170114064829/http://putujte.blogspot.com/2014/12/gdje-se-nalazi-najvazniji-neboder-u.html |url-status=live }}</ref> In the 2000s, the City Assembly approved a new plan that allowed for the many recent high-rise buildings in Zagreb, such as the Almeria Tower, [[Eurotower (Zagreb)|Eurotower]], [[HOTO Tower]], [[Zagrebtower]], [[Sky Office Tower]] and the [[tallest buildings in Croatia|tallest high-rise building]] in Zagreb [[Strojarska Business Center]].<ref name="skyoffice">{{cite web |url=http://www.skyoffice.hr/hrv/ |title=Sky Office – Zagreb |access-date=27 August 2015 |work=Sky Office |language=hr |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150817011757/https://www.skyoffice.hr/hrv/ |archive-date=17 August 2015}}</ref><ref name="empoirs">{{cite web |url=http://www.emporis.com/buildings/1199128/sky-office-tower-zagreb-croatia |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924143210/http://www.emporis.com/buildings/1199128/sky-office-tower-zagreb-croatia |url-status=usurped |archive-date=24 September 2015 |title=Sky Office Tower, Zagreb |access-date=27 August 2015 |work=Empoirs}}</ref> In [[Novi Zagreb]], the neighbourhoods of [[Blato, Zagreb|Blato]] and [[Lanište, Croatia|Lanište]] expanded significantly, including the [[Arena Zagreb|Zagreb Arena]] and the adjoining business centre.<ref name="blato_lanište">{{cite web |url=http://www.novi-zagreb.hr/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1174 |title=Blato i Lanište postaju najsuvremeniji dio Zagreba? |work=novi-zagreb.hr |date=28 March 2008 |access-date=27 July 2008 |language=hr |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721101337/http://www.novi-zagreb.hr/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1174 |archive-date=21 July 2011}}</ref> Due to a long-standing restriction that forbade the construction of 10-story or higher buildings, most of Zagreb's high-rise buildings date from the 1970s and 1980s and new apartment buildings on the outskirts of the city are usually 4–8 floors tall. Exceptions to the restriction have been made in recent years, such as permitting the construction of high-rise buildings in Lanište or Kajzerica.<ref name="javno">{{cite web |url=http://www.javno.com/hr/zagreb/clanak.php?id=55540 |title=Na Laništu gradnja iznad 9 katova |access-date=21 September 2009 |date=21 June 2007 |work=Javno.hr |language=hr |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090115193913/http://www.javno.com/hr/zagreb/clanak.php?id=55540 |archive-date=15 January 2009}}</ref> ===Surroundings=== {{further|Zagreb County|Prigorje|Hrvatsko Zagorje|Turopolje}} [[File:Stari grad Medvedgrad - Zagreb 02.jpg|thumb|left|upright=1.0|[[Medvedgrad]] fortress]] The wider Zagreb area has been continuously inhabited since the prehistoric period, as witnessed by archaeological findings in the [[Veternica cave]] from the [[Paleolithic]] and excavation of the remains of the Roman Andautonia near the present village of Šćitarjevo. Picturesque former villages on the slopes of Medvednica, Šestine, Gračani, and Remete, maintain their rich traditions, including folk costumes, Šestine umbrellas, and [[gingerbread]] products. To the north is the [[Medvednica]] Mountain ({{langx|hr|Zagrebačka gora}}), with its highest peak [[Medvednica|Sljeme]] (1,035 m), where one of the tallest structures in Croatia, [[Zagreb TV Tower]] is located. The Sava and the [[Kupa (river)|Kupa]] valleys are to the south of Zagreb, and the region of [[Hrvatsko Zagorje]] is located on the other (northern) side of the Medvednica hill. In mid-January 2005, Sljeme held its first [[FIS Alpine World Ski Championships|World Ski Championship tournament]]. [[File:Sljeme_(31374028193).jpg|thumb|upright|[[Zagreb TV Tower]]]] From the summit, weather permitting, the vista reaches as far as [[Velebit]] Range along Croatia's rocky northern coast, as well as the snow-capped peaks of the towering [[Julian Alps]] in neighboring [[Slovenia]]. There are several lodging villages, offering accommodation and restaurants for hikers. Skiers visit Sljeme, which has four ski-runs, three ski-lifts, and a chairlift. The old [[Medvedgrad]], a recently restored medieval [[wikt:Special:Search/burg|burg]] was built in the 13th century on Medvednica hill. It overlooks the western part of the city and also hosts the ''Shrine of the Homeland'', a memorial with an [[eternal flame]], where Croatia pays reverence to all its heroes fallen for [[homeland]] in its history, customarily on [[Public holiday|national holiday]]s. The ruined medieval fortress [[Susedgrad]] is located on the far-western side of Medvednica hill. It has been abandoned since the early 17th century, but it is visited during the year. Zagreb occasionally experiences earthquakes, due to the proximity of [[Žumberak]]-[[Medvednica]] fault zone.<ref>[http://www2.ogs.trieste.it/gngts/gngts/convegniprecedenti/2008/riassunti/1.1/11-toml.pdf SEISMOGENIC ZONES OF NORTHWESTERN CROATIA] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160206110700/http://www2.ogs.trieste.it/gngts/gngts/convegniprecedenti/2008/riassunti/1.1/11-toml.pdf |date=6 February 2016 }} GNGTS 2008</ref> It's classified as an area of high seismic activity.<ref name="embassy earthquake">{{cite web |url=http://zagreb.usembassy.gov/service/special-consular-services/emergency-and-medical-issues/earthquake.html |title=Earthquake – Zagreb, Croatia – Embassy of the United States |work=usembassy.gov |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160206090402/http://zagreb.usembassy.gov/service/special-consular-services/emergency-and-medical-issues/earthquake.html |archive-date=6 February 2016}}</ref> The area around Medvednica was the epicentre of the [[1880 Zagreb earthquake]] (magnitude 6.3), and the area is known for occasional landslide threatening houses in the area.<ref name="landslide survey croatian">{{cite web |url=http://www.hgi-cgs.hr/zagreb_potresi.html |title=Potresi na zagrebačkom području |last=dpuljic |work=hgi-cgs.hr |access-date=5 February 2016 |archive-date=6 February 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160206080543/http://www.hgi-cgs.hr/zagreb_potresi.html |url-status=dead}}</ref> The proximity of strong seismic sources presents a real danger of strong earthquakes.<ref name="landslide survey croatian" /> Croatian Chief of [[Office of Emergency Management]] Pavle Kalinić stated Zagreb experiences around 400 earthquakes a year, most of them being imperceptible. However, in case of a strong earthquake, it's expected that 3,000 people would die and up to 15,000 would be wounded.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://net.hr/danas/hrvatska/stizu-upute-kako-se-ponasati-potresi-se-stalno-dogadaju-zagreb-ih-ima-400-godisnje/ |title=STIŽU UPUTE KAKO SE PONAŠATI: "Potresi se stalno događaju. Zagreb ih ima 400 godišnje" |date=14 January 2016 |work=net.hr |access-date=5 February 2016 |archive-date=6 February 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160206085325/http://net.hr/danas/hrvatska/stizu-upute-kako-se-ponasati-potresi-se-stalno-dogadaju-zagreb-ih-ima-400-godisnje/ |url-status=dead}}</ref> In 2020 the city experienced a [[2020 Zagreb earthquake|5.5 magnitude earthquake]], which damaged various buildings in the historic downtown area. The city's iconic cathedral lost the cross off of one of its towers. This earthquake was the strongest one to affect the city since the destructive [[1880 Zagreb earthquake]]. ==Demographics== {{main|Demographics of Zagreb}} [[File:Zagreb population pyramid.svg|thumb|right|Zagreb population pyramid in 2021]] Zagreb is by far [[Demographics of Croatia|the largest city in Croatia]] in terms of population, which was 767,131 in 2021.<ref name="Census 2021" /> {{historical populations|1857|48266|1869|54761|1880|67188|1890|82848|1900|111565|1910|136351|1921|167765|1931|258024|1948|356529|1953|393919|1961|478076|1971|629896|1981|723065|1991|777826|2001|779145|2011|790017|2021|767131|align=right|cols=1|source=[[Template:Croatian population data graph/Sources|Croatian Bureau of Statistics publications]]}} Zagreb [[metropolitan area]] population is slightly above 1.0 million inhabitants,<ref name="CityMayors">{{cite web |url=http://www.citymayors.com/statistics/largest-cities-mayors-ad2.html |title=City Mayors: Largest cities and their mayors in 2011 (Countries A-D) |last=City Mayors & Tann vom Hove |work=citymayors.com |year=2010 |quote=City Mayors & Tann vom Hove |access-date=29 June 2011 |archive-date=27 August 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110827103351/http://citymayors.com/statistics/largest-cities-mayors-ad2.html |url-status=live }}</ref> as it includes the [[Zagreb County]].<ref name="zg_cc">{{cite web |url=http://www.ff.uni-lj.si/oddelki/geo/publikacije/dela/files/Dela_27/01_Sic.pdf |title=Spatial and functional changes in recent urban development of Zagreb |year=2007 |access-date=6 November 2008 |publisher=[[Delo (newspaper)|Delo]] |last=Sić |first=Miroslav |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217230924/http://www.ff.uni-lj.si/oddelki/geo/publikacije/dela/files/Dela_27/01_Sic.pdf |archive-date=17 December 2008}}</ref> Zagreb metropolitan area makes approximately a quarter of a total [[Demographics of Croatia|population of Croatia]]. In 1997, the City of Zagreb itself was given special County status, separating it from Zagreb County,<ref>[[Narodne novine]] 62/01, 125/08</ref> although it remains the [[administrative centre]] of both. The majority of its citizens are [[Croats]] making up 93.53% of the city's population (2021 census). The same census records around 49,605 residents belonging to [[Ethnic minorities in Croatia|ethnic minorities]]: 12,035 [[Serbs of Croatia|Serbs]] (1.57%), 6,566 [[Bosniaks of Croatia|Bosniaks]] (0.86%), 3,475 [[Albanians of Croatia|Albanians]] (0.45%), 2,167 [[Romani people in Croatia|Romani]] (0.28%), 1,312 [[Slovenes of Croatia|Slovenes]] (0.17%), 1,036 [[Macedonians of Croatia|Macedonians]] (0.15%), 865 [[Montenegrins of Croatia|Montenegrins]] (0.11%), and a number of other smaller communities.<ref>{{Croatian Census 2021|M}}</ref> After the easing of COVID-19 pandemic restrictions, thousands of foreign workers immigrated to Zagreb due to the shortage of labor force in Croatia. These workers primarily come from countries such as [[Nepal]], [[Philippines|the Philippines]], [[India]], and [[Bangladesh]], as well as some European countries including [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]], [[Serbia]], [[Kosovo]] and [[North Macedonia]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-01-09 |title=Jutarnji list - U Hrvatskoj je više od 115.000 stranih radnika, dovode ih 424 agencije za posredovanje |url=https://www.jutarnji.hr/vijesti/hrvatska/u-hrvatskoj-je-vise-od-115-000-stranih-radnika-dovode-ih-424-agencije-za-posredovanje-15293929 |access-date=2023-03-31 |website=www.jutarnji.hr |language=hr-hr |archive-date=31 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230331090827/https://www.jutarnji.hr/vijesti/hrvatska/u-hrvatskoj-je-vise-od-115-000-stranih-radnika-dovode-ih-424-agencije-za-posredovanje-15293929 |url-status=live }}</ref> {{Croatian population data graph |popisi=HRV |upisano=2022-06-02 |područje=City of Zagreb|p1857=48266|p1869=54761|p1880=67188|p1890=82848|p1900=111565|p1910=136351|p1921=167765|p1931=258024|p1948=356529|p1953=393919|p1961=478076|p1971=629896|p1981=723065|p1991=777826|p2001=779145|p2011=790017|p2021=767131}} === City districts === {{main|Districts of Zagreb}} [[File:Districts of Zagreb (map with numbers).svg|thumb|upright=1.2|[[Districts of Zagreb]]]] [[File:Local Committees of Zagreb.svg|thumb|upright=1.2|Local committees of Zagreb, the second level of local self-government]] List of districts by area and population in 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 November 2022 |title=Popis stanovništva, kućanstva i stanova 2021. – konačni rezultati Grad Zagreb |trans-title=Census of population, households and apartments 2021 - final results City of Zagreb |url=https://www.zagreb.hr/userdocsimages/arhiva/statistika/popis%202021%20kona%C4%8Dni%20rezultati/Popis%202021._kona%C4%8Dni%20rezultati_Grad%20Zagreb_web.pdf |access-date=12 February 2023 |website=Grad Zagreb |publisher=Gradski ured za gospodarstvo, ekološku održivost i strategijsko planiranje |place=Zagreb |language=hr}}</ref> Since 14 December 1999 the City of Zagreb is divided into 17 [[city districts]] (''gradska četvrt'', pl. ''gradske četvrti''): {| class="sortable wikitable" style="text-align:right" |- ! # ! District ! Area (km<sup>2</sup>) ! Population<br />(2001)<ref name="districts-2001">{{Croatian Census 2001|title=City of Zagreb – Population by districts |C|22}}</ref> ! Population<br />(2011)<ref name="census-2011-districts">{{Croatian Census 2011|format=HTML |url=http://www.dzs.hr/Eng/censuses/census2011/results/htm/e01_01_01_cet/E01_01_01_zup21_cet.html|title=Population by age and sex, by districts of City of Zagreb |access-date=31 August 2014}}</ref> ! Population<br />density (2011) |- |1. || style="text-align:left" |[[Donji grad (Zagreb)|Donji Grad]] ||3.01 ||45,108 || 37,024|| 12,333 |- |2. || style="text-align:left" |[[Gornji Grad–Medveščak]] ||10.12 ||36,384 ||30,962|| 3,091 |- |3. || style="text-align:left" |[[Trnje, Zagreb|Trnje]] ||7.37 ||45,267 ||42,282|| 5,716 |- |4. || style="text-align:left" |[[Maksimir]] ||14.35 ||49,750 ||48,902|| 3,446 |- |5. || style="text-align:left" |[[Peščenica – Žitnjak]] ||35.30 ||58,283 ||56,487|| 1,599 |- |6. || style="text-align:left" |[[Novi Zagreb – istok]] ||16.54 ||65,301 ||59,055|| 3,581 |- |7. || style="text-align:left" |[[Novi Zagreb – zapad]] ||62.59 ||48,981 ||58,103|| 927 |- |8. || style="text-align:left" |[[Trešnjevka – sjever]] ||5.83 ||55,358 ||55,425|| 9,493 |- |9. || style="text-align:left" |[[Trešnjevka – jug]] ||9.84 ||67,162 ||66,674|| 6,768 |- |10. || style="text-align:left" |{{hs|C}}[[Črnomerec]] ||24.33 ||38,762 ||38,546|| 1,605 |- |11. || style="text-align:left" |[[Gornja Dubrava]] ||40.28 ||61,388 ||61,841|| 1,545 |- |12. || style="text-align:left" |[[Donja Dubrava, Zagreb|Donja Dubrava]] ||10.82 ||35,944 ||36,363|| 3,370 |- |13. || style="text-align:left" |[[Stenjevec]] ||12.18 ||41,257 ||51,390|| 4,257 |- |14. || style="text-align:left" |[[Podsused – Vrapče]] ||36.05 ||42,360 ||45,759|| 1,270 |- |15. || style="text-align:left" |[[Podsljeme]] ||60.11 ||17,744 ||19,165|| 320 |- |16. || style="text-align:left" |[[Sesvete]] ||165.26 ||59,212 ||70,009|| 427 |- |17. || style="text-align:left" |[[Brezovica, Zagreb|Brezovica]] ||127.45 ||10,884 ||12,030|| 94 |- class="sortbottom" | style="background: #efefef; border-top: 2px solid gray;" | | style="text-align:left; background: #efefef; border-top: 2px solid gray;" |'''TOTAL''' | style="background:#efefef; border-top:2px solid gray;" |641.43 | style="background:#efefef; border-top:2px solid gray;" |779,145 | style="background:#efefef; border-top:2px solid gray;" |790,017 | style="background:#efefef; border-top:2px solid gray;" |1,236 |} City districts are subdivided in 218 local committees as primary units of local self-government.<ref>[http://www.zagreb.hr/default.aspx?id=1991 "zagreb.hr – Local self-government"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160817083607/http://www.zagreb.hr/default.aspx?id=1991 |date=17 August 2016 }}. Retrieved 28 September 2016.</ref>{{Clear}} === Settlements === {| class="wikitable" style="float:right; margin:3px 0 3px 5px" |- ! style="width:50px;" |Year ! style="width:80px;" |Area <br />(km<sup>2</sup>) ! style="width:80px;" |Population <br />(within city limits at that time) ! style="width:80px;" |Population <br />(within today's city limits) |- | style="text-align:center;" |1368 | style="text-align:left;" | | style="text-align:left;" |2,810<ref group="nb" name="ex02">From the household census</ref> | style="text-align:left;" | |- | style="text-align:center;" |1742 | style="text-align:left;" |3.33 | style="text-align:left;" |5,600<ref group="nb" name="ex02" /> | style="text-align:left;" | |- | style="text-align:center;" |1805 | style="text-align:left;" |3.33 | style="text-align:left;" |7,706<ref group="nb">Population census without clergy and nobility</ref> (≈11 000 in total) | style="text-align:left;" | |- | style="text-align:center;" |1817 | style="text-align:left;" |10.0 | style="text-align:left;" |9,055 | style="text-align:left;" | |- | style="text-align:center;" |1837 | style="text-align:left;" |25.4 | style="text-align:left;" |15,155 | style="text-align:left;" | |- | style="text-align:center;" |1842 | style="text-align:left;" |25.4 | style="text-align:left;" |15,952 | style="text-align:left;" | |- | style="text-align:center;" |1848 | style="text-align:left;" |25.4 | style="text-align:left;" |15,978 | style="text-align:left;" | |- | style="text-align:center;" |1850 | style="text-align:left;" |25.4 | style="text-align:left;" |16,036 | style="text-align:left;" | |- | style="text-align:center;" |1857 | style="text-align:left;" |25.4 | style="text-align:left;" |16,657 | style="text-align:left;" |48,266 |- | style="text-align:center;" |1869 | style="text-align:left;" |25.4 | style="text-align:left;" |19,857 | style="text-align:left;" |54,761 |- | style="text-align:center;" |1880 | style="text-align:left;" |25.4 | style="text-align:left;" |30,830 | style="text-align:left;" |67,188 |- | style="text-align:center;" |1890 | style="text-align:left;" |25.4 | style="text-align:left;" |40,268 | style="text-align:left;" |82,848 |- | style="text-align:center;" |1900 | style="text-align:left;" |64.37 | style="text-align:left;" |61,002 | style="text-align:left;" |111,565 |- | style="text-align:center;" |1910 | style="text-align:left;" |64.37 | style="text-align:left;" |79,038 | style="text-align:left;" |136,351 |- | style="text-align:center;" |1921 | style="text-align:left;" |64.37 | style="text-align:left;" |108,674 | style="text-align:left;" |167,765 |- | style="text-align:center;" |1931 | style="text-align:left;" |64.37 | style="text-align:left;" |185,581 | style="text-align:left;" |258,024 |- | style="text-align:center;" |1948 | style="text-align:left;" |74.99 | style="text-align:left;" |279,623 | style="text-align:left;" |356,529 |- | style="text-align:center;" |1953 | style="text-align:left;" |235.74 | style="text-align:left;" |350,829 | style="text-align:left;" |393,919 |- | style="text-align:center;" |1961 | style="text-align:left;" |495.60 | style="text-align:left;" |430,802 | style="text-align:left;" |478,076 |- | style="text-align:center;" |1971 | style="text-align:left;" |497.95 | style="text-align:left;" |602,205 | style="text-align:left;" |629,896 |- | style="text-align:center;" |1981 | style="text-align:left;" |1,261.54 | style="text-align:left;" |768,700 | style="text-align:left;" |723,065 |- | style="text-align:center;" |1991 | style="text-align:left;" |1,715.55 | style="text-align:left;" |933,914 | style="text-align:left;" |777,826 |- | style="text-align:center;" |2001 | style="text-align:left;" |641.36 | style="text-align:left;" |779,145 | style="text-align:left;" |779,145 |- | style="text-align:center;" |2011 | style="text-align:left;" |641.36 | style="text-align:left;" |790,017 | style="text-align:left;" |790,017 |- | style="text-align:center;" |2019 | style="text-align:left;" |641.36 | style="text-align:left;" |806,341 | style="text-align:left;" |806,341 |- | colspan="5" |<small>The data in column 3 refers to the population in the city borders as of the census in question. Column 4 is calculated for the territory now defined as the City of Zagreb ([[Narodne novine|Narodne Novine]] 97/10).</small><ref name="ljetopis2">{{cite journal |url= http://www.zagreb.hr/zgstat/documents/Ljetopis%202007/058-080.pdf |title= Statistički ljetopis Grada Zagreba 2007. – 2. Stanovništvo |journal= Statistički Ljetopis Zagreba |year= 2007 |access-date= 12 November 2008 |issn= 1330-3678 |language= hr, en |url-status= dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20081028232442/http://www1.zagreb.hr/zgstat/documents/Ljetopis%202007/058-080.pdf |archive-date= 28 October 2008}}</ref> |} The city itself is not the only [[naselje|standalone settlement]] in the City of Zagreb administrative area – there are a number of larger urban settlements such as Sesvete and Lučko and a number of smaller villages attached to it whose population is tracked separately.<ref name="census-2011-settlements">{{Croatian Census 2011 |access-date=31 August 2014|S|21}}</ref> There are 70 settlements in the City of Zagreb administrative area: {{div col||colwidth=18em}} *[[Adamovec]], population 975 *[[Belovar]], population 378 *[[Blaguša]], population 594 *[[Botinec]], population 9 *[[Brebernica]], population 49 *[[Brezovica, Zagreb|Brezovica]], population 594 *[[Budenec]], population 323 *[[Buzin, Zagreb|Buzin]], population 1,055 *[[Cerje, Zagreb|Cerje]], population 398 *[[Demerje]], population 721 *[[Desprim]], population 377 *[[Dobrodol, Croatia|Dobrodol]], population 1,203 *[[Donji Čehi]], population 232 *[[Donji Dragonožec]], population 577 *[[Donji Trpuci]], population 428 *[[Drenčec]], population 131 *[[Drežnik Brezovički]], population 656 *[[Dumovec]], population 903 *[[Đurđekovec]], population 778 *[[Gajec, Croatia|Gajec]], population 311 *[[Glavnica Donja]], population 544 *[[Glavnica Gornja]], population 226 *[[Glavničica]], population 229 *[[Goli Breg]], population 406 *[[Goranec, Zagreb|Goranec]], population 449 *[[Gornji Čehi]], population 363 *[[Gornji Dragonožec]], population 295 *[[Gornji Trpuci]], population 87 *[[Grančari]], population 221 *[[Havidić Selo]], population 53 *[[Horvati]], population 1,490 *[[Hrašće Turopoljsko]], population 1,202 *[[Hrvatski Leskovac]], population 2,687 *[[Hudi Bitek]], population 441 *[[Ivanja Reka]], population 1,800 *[[Jesenovec]], population 460 *[[Ježdovec]], population 1,728 *[[Kašina]], population 1,548 *[[Kašinska Sopnica]], population 245 *[[Kučilovina]], population 219 *[[Kućanec]], population 228 *[[Kupinečki Kraljevec]], population 1,957 *[[Lipnica, Zagreb|Lipnica]], population 207 *[[Lučko]], population 3,010 *[[Lužan]], population 719 *[[Mala Mlaka]], population 636 *[[Markovo Polje]], population 425 *[[Moravče, Croatia|Moravče]], population 663 *[[Odra, Zagreb|Odra]], population 1,866 *[[Odranski Obrež]], population 1,578 *[[Paruževina]], population 632 *[[Planina Donja]], population 554 *[[Planina Gornja]], population 247 *[[Popovec]], population 937 *[[Prekvršje]], population 809 *[[Prepuštovec, Zagreb|Prepuštovec]], population 332 *[[Sesvete]], population 54,085 *[[Soblinec]], population 978 *[[Starjak]], population 227 *[[Strmec, Zagreb|Strmec]], population 645 *[[Šašinovec]], population 678 *[[Šimunčevec]], population 271 *[[Veliko Polje, Zagreb|Veliko Polje]], population 1,668 *[[Vuger Selo]], population 273 *[[Vugrovec Donji]], population 442 *[[Vugrovec Gornji]], population 357 *[[Vurnovec]], population 201 *[[Zadvorsko]], population 1,288 *'''Zagreb''', population 688,163 *[[Žerjavinec]], population 556 {{div col end}} == Politics and government == {{See also|Politics of Croatia}} [[File:Sabor-pročelje.jpg|thumb|200px|right|[[Croatian Parliament|Croatian Parliament (Sabor)]] on Saint Mark's Square.]] [[File:Banski dvori (kolovoz 2021).jpg|thumb|200px|[[Banski Dvori]] seat of the [[Government of Croatia]]]] [[File:George W. Bush in Zagreb.jpg|thumb|200px|[[George W. Bush]] giving a speech on [[St. Mark's Square, Zagreb|St. Mark's Square]] in front of [[Banski Dvori]], the seat of the [[Government of Croatia|Croatian government]], 4 April 2008]] Zagreb is the capital of the [[Croatia|Republic of Croatia]], its political center and the center of various state institutions. On the [[St. Mark's Square, Zagreb|St. Mark's Square]] are the seats of the [[Government of Croatia|Government of the Republic of Croatia]] in the [[Banski Dvori]] complex, the [[Croatian Parliament]] (Sabor), as well as the [[Constitutional Court of Croatia|Constitutional Court of the Republic of Croatia]]. Various ministries and state agencies are located in the wider area of the City of Zagreb. === City governance === {{See also|List of mayors of Zagreb|Zagreb Assembly}} The current mayor of Zagreb is [[Tomislav Tomašević]] ('[[We can! (Croatia)|We can!]]'), elected in the [[2021 Zagreb local elections]], the second round of which was held on 30 May 2021. There are two deputy mayors elected from the same list, Danijela Dolenec and Luka Korlaet.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tomislav Tomašević, Mayor of Zagreb |url=https://www.zagreb.hr/en/tomislav-tomasevic-mayor-of-zagreb/1980 |access-date=2023-12-28 |website=www.zagreb.hr |language=hr}}</ref> The [[Zagreb Assembly]] is composed of 51 representatives, elected in the 2021 Zagreb local elections. {{trim|{{#section-h:Zagreb Assembly|Political structure}}}} {{Clear}} {{multiple image | align = right | direction = vertical | width = 200 | image1 = Zagreb 2007 - panoramio.jpg | caption1 = The infamous [[Krvavi Most]] ("Bloody Bridge") street, known for historical fights between [[Gradec, Zagreb|Gradec]] and [[Kaptol, Zagreb|Kaptol]] in 17th century. | image2 = Maksimir aerial (3).jpg | caption2 = [[Maksimir Park]] aerial view. Opened in 1794, it's the oldest public park in Zagreb and the region. | image3 = Zagreb 001.jpg | caption3 = View from [[Gornji Grad–Medveščak|Upper Town]] to [[Donji grad, Zagreb|Lower Town]] (Downtown). }} The [[Zagreb Assembly]] is composed of 51 representatives, elected in the 2021 Zagreb local elections. According to the [[Constitution of Croatia|Constitution]], the city of Zagreb, as the capital of Croatia, has a special status. As such, Zagreb performs [[Self-governance|self-governing]] public affairs of both [[List of cities and towns in Croatia|city]] and [[Counties of Croatia|county]]. It is also the seat of the [[Zagreb County]] which encircles Zagreb. The city administration bodies are the '''[[Zagreb Assembly|Zagreb City Assembly]]''' (''Gradska skupština Grada Zagreba'') as the representative body and the '''[[list of mayors of Zagreb|mayor of Zagreb]]''' (''Gradonačelnik Grada Zagreba'') who is the executive head of the city. The City Assembly is the representative body of the citizens of the City of Zagreb elected for a four-year term on the basis of [[universal suffrage]] in [[direct elections]] by [[secret ballot]] using [[proportional representation|proportional system]] with [[d'Hondt method]] in a manner specified by law. There are 51 representatives in the City Assembly, among them the president and vice-presidents of the assembly are elected by the representatives. Before 2009, the mayor was elected by the City Assembly. It was changed to direct elections by [[Majority vote|majoritarian vote]] ([[two-round system]]) in 2009. The mayor is the head of the city administration and has two deputies (directly elected together with him/her). The term of office of the mayor (and his/her deputies) is four years. The mayor (with the deputies) may be recalled by a referendum according to the law (not less than 20% of all electors in the City of Zagreb or not less than two-thirds of the [[Zagreb Assembly]] city deputies have the right to initiate a [[recall referendum|city referendum]] regarding recalling of the mayor; when a majority of voters taking part in the referendum vote in favor of the recall, provided that majority includes not less than one-third of all persons entitled to vote in the City of Zagreb, i.e. {{frac|1|3}} of persons in the City of Zagreb [[electoral register]], the mayor's mandate shall be deemed revoked and [[special elections|special mayoral by-elections]] shall be held). In the City of Zagreb, the [[mayors of Zagreb|mayor]] is also responsible for the state administration (due to the special status of Zagreb as a "city with county rights", there isn't a State Administration Office which in all counties performs tasks of the central government). City administration offices, institutions and services (18 [[Municipal service|city offices]], 1 [[Municipal service|public institute]] or [[Municipal service|bureau]] and 2 [[Municipal services|city services]]) have been founded for performing activities within the self-administrative sphere and activities entrusted by the state administration. The city administrative bodies are managed by the principals (appointed by the mayor for a four-year term of office, may be appointed again to the same duty). The City Assembly Professional Service is managed by the secretary of the City Assembly (appointed by the Assembly). Local government is organised in 17 [[Districts of Zagreb|city district]]s represented by City District Councils. Residents of districts elect members of councils.<ref>[http://www.zagreb.hr/default.aspx?id=1125 "zagreb.hr – Zagreb in brief (City administration)"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080909131055/http://www.zagreb.hr/default.aspx?id=1125 |date=9 September 2008 }}. Retrieved 29 September 2016.</ref> ====Minority councils and representatives==== Directly elected minority councils and representatives are tasked with consulting tasks for the local or regional authorities in which they are advocating for minority rights and interests, integration into public life and participation in the management of local affairs.<ref name="T-Portal">{{Cite web |url=https://www.tportal.hr/vijesti/clanak/manjinski-izbori-prve-nedjelje-u-svibnju-krecu-i-edukacije-20230313 |title=Manjinski izbori prve nedjelje u svibnju, kreću i edukacije |date= 13 March 2023 |author= |publisher=[[T-portal]] |access-date=2 May 2023}}</ref> At the [[2023 Croatian national minorities councils and representatives elections]] [[Albanians of Croatia|Albanians]], [[Bosniaks of Croatia|Bosniaks]], [[Czechs of Croatia|Czechs]], [[Hungarians of Croatia|Hungarians]], [[Macedonians of Croatia|Macedonians]], [[Montenegrins of Croatia|Montenegrins]], [[Romani people in Croatia|Roma]], [[Slovenes of Croatia|Slovenes]] and [[Serbs of Croatia]] each fulfilled legal requirements to elect 25 members minority councils of the City of Zagreb while [[Bulgarians in Croatia|Bulgarians]], [[Poles of Croatia|Poles]], [[Pannonian Rusyns]], [[Russians of Croatia|Russians]], [[Slovaks of Croatia|Slovaks]], [[Italians of Croatia|Italians]], [[Turks in Croatia|Turks]], [[Ukrainians of Croatia|Ukrainians]] and [[Jews of Croatia]] elected individual representatives, with a representative of the [[Germans of Croatia]] remaining unelected due to the lack of candidates.<ref name="GZ-Manjine-2023">{{cite web | url=https://www.izbori.hr/site/UserDocsImages/2023/Manjinski%20izbori%202023/Rezultati/Z21_GRAD_ZAGREB.pdf | title=Informacija o konačnim rezultatima izbora članova vijeća i izbora predstavnika nacionalnih manjina 2023. XXI. GRAD ZAGREB | date=2023 | author= | publisher=Državno izborno povjerenstvo Republike Hrvatske | pages=3–10 | language=hr | access-date=3 June 2023 | archive-date=3 June 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230603125848/https://www.izbori.hr/site/UserDocsImages/2023/Manjinski%20izbori%202023/Rezultati/Z21_GRAD_ZAGREB.pdf | url-status=dead }}</ref> [[File:Záhřeb,_sloup_u_katedrály_1.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Kaptol, Zagreb|Kaptol Square]] with fountain Madonna and Angels.]] [[File:Funicular de Zagreb, Croacia, 2014-04-13, DD 01.JPG|thumb|upright|[[Zagreb Funicular]]]] ===International relations=== {{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Croatia}} ====Twin towns – sister cities==== Zagreb is [[twin towns and sister cities|twinned]] with the following towns and cities:<ref name="Zagreb Twinning">{{cite web |url=http://www1.zagreb.hr/mms/en/index.html |title=Intercity and International Cooperation of the City of Zagreb |publisher=2006–2009 City of Zagreb |access-date=23 June 2009 |archive-date=7 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170707200910/http://www1.zagreb.hr/mms/en/index.html |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Gradovi prijatelji grada Zagreba |url=http://www.zgportal.com/o-zagrebu/gradovi-prijatelji/ |access-date=20 June 2017 |archive-date=2 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170702080604/http://www.zgportal.com/o-zagrebu/gradovi-prijatelji/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="narod.hr">{{cite web |title=Na Bundekfestu prvi put i gradovi prijatelji-Rim, Beč, Budimpešta i Ljubljana |date=16 September 2014 |url=https://narod.hr/zagreb-2/na-bundekfestu-prvi-put-gradovi-prijatelji-rim-bec-budimpesta-ljubljana |access-date=20 June 2017 |archive-date=29 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170729100743/https://narod.hr/zagreb-2/na-bundekfestu-prvi-put-gradovi-prijatelji-rim-bec-budimpesta-ljubljana |url-status=live }}</ref> {{colbegin|colwidth=20em}} *{{flagdeco|ITA}} [[Bologna]], Italy <small>''(since 1963)''</small> *{{flagdeco|GER}} [[Mainz]], Germany <small>''(since 1967)''</small> *{{flagdeco|RUS}} [[Saint Petersburg]], Russia <small>''(since 1968)''</small><ref name="saint_petersburg">{{cite web |url=http://eng.gov.spb.ru/figures/ities |title=Saint Petersburg in figures – International and Interregional Ties |publisher=Saint Petersburg City Government |access-date=23 March 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20090224073839/http://eng.gov.spb.ru/figures/ities |archive-date=24 February 2009}}</ref> *{{flagdeco|NOR}} [[Tromsø]], Norway <small>''(since 1971)''</small> *{{flagdeco|ARG}} [[Buenos Aires]], Argentina <small>''(since 1972)''</small> *{{flagdeco|JAP}} [[Kyoto]], Japan <small>''(since 1972)''</small><ref name="Kyoto twinnings">{{cite web |url=http://www.city.kyoto.lg.jp/sogo/page/0000083407.html |title=Sister Cities of Kyoto City |access-date=21 January 2014 |publisher=City of Kyoto |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140121151906/http://www.city.kyoto.lg.jp/sogo/page/0000083407.html |archive-date=21 January 2014 |url-status=dead}}</ref> *{{flagdeco|POR}} [[Lisbon]], Portugal <small>''(since 1977)''</small><ref name="Lisbon twinnings">{{cite web |url=http://www.anmp.pt/anmp/pro/mun1/gem101l0.php?cod_ent=M1100 |title=Lisboa – Geminações de Cidades e Vilas |access-date=23 August 2013 |work=Associação Nacional de Municípios Portugueses [National Association of Portuguese Municipalities] |language=pt |trans-title=Lisbon – Twinning of Cities and Towns |archive-date=20 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200520050208/https://www.anmp.pt/anmp/pro/mun1/gem101l0.php?cod_ent=M1100 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Lisbon twinnings 2">{{cite web |url=http://www.cm-lisboa.pt/municipio/relacoes-internacionais |title=Acordos de Geminação, de Cooperação e/ou Amizade da Cidade de Lisboa |access-date=23 August 2013 |work=Camara Municipal de Lisboa |language=pt |trans-title=Lisbon – Twinning Agreements, Cooperation and Friendship |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131031202617/http://www.cm-lisboa.pt/municipio/relacoes-internacionais |archive-date=31 October 2013}}</ref> *{{flagdeco|USA}} [[Pittsburgh]], United States <small>''(since 1980)''</small> *{{flagdeco|PRC}} [[Shanghai]], China <small>''(since 1980)''</small> *{{flagdeco|HUN}} [[Budapest]], Hungary <small>''(since 1994)''<ref name="Budapest twinnings">{{cite web |url=http://budapest.hu/Lapok/Fovaros/Testvervarosok.aspx |title=Budapest – Testvérvárosok |access-date=14 August 2013 |work=Budapest Főváros Önkormányzatának hivatalos oldala [Official site of the Municipality of Budapest] |language=hu |trans-title=Budapest – Twin Cities |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130809185135/http://budapest.hu/Lapok/Fovaros/Testvervarosok.aspx |archive-date=9 August 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref></small> *{{flagdeco|BOL}} [[La Paz]], Bolivia <small>''(since 2000)''</small> *{{flagdeco|BIH}} [[Sarajevo]], Bosnia and Herzegovina <small>''(since 2001)''</small><ref name="Twin 1">{{cite web |url=http://www.sarajevo.ba/en/stream.php?kat=147 |title=Fraternity cities on Sarajevo Official Web Site |publisher=City of Sarajevo 2001–2008 |access-date=9 November 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081201150030/http://www.sarajevo.ba/en/stream.php?kat=147 |archive-date=1 December 2008}}</ref> *{{flagdeco|SLO}} [[Ljubljana]], Slovenia <small>''(since 2001)''</small><ref name="Ljubljana twinnings">{{cite web |url=http://www.ljubljana.si/si/ljubljana/pobratena-mesta-zdruzenja/ |title=Medmestno in mednarodno sodelovanje |access-date=27 July 2013 |work=Mestna občina Ljubljana (Ljubljana City) |language=sl |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130626075304/http://www.ljubljana.si/si/ljubljana/pobratena-mesta-zdruzenja/ |archive-date=26 June 2013}}</ref> *{{flagdeco|MNE}} [[Podgorica]], Montenegro <small>''(since 2006)''</small> *{{flagdeco|IRN}} [[Tabriz]], Iran <small>'' (since 2006)''</small><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.farsnews.ir/newstext.php?nn=8507180542 |title=سفير كرواسي در تهران: "زاگرب" با تبريز خواهر خوانده ميشود |date=10 October 2006 |publisher=Farsnews.ir |access-date=23 December 2015 |archive-date=10 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230410060257/https://www.farsnews.ir/news/8507180542/%D8%B2%D8%A7%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%A8-%D8%A8%D8%A7-%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B2-%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%B1-%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87-%D9%85%D9%8A%E2%80%8C%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%AF- |url-status=live }}</ref> *{{flagdeco|TUR}} [[Ankara]], Turkey <small>''(since 2008)''</small><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ankara.bel.tr/en/foreign-relations-department/sister-cities-of-ankara#.V6zuCGVvfxs |title=Sister Cities of Ankara |work=ankara.bel.tr |access-date=11 August 2016 |archive-date=24 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224190520/https://www.ankara.bel.tr/en/foreign-relations-department/sister-cities-of-ankara/#.V6zuCGVvfxs |url-status=dead}}</ref> *{{flagdeco|UK}} [[London]], United Kingdom <small>''(since 2009)''</small> *{{flagdeco|MKD}} [[Skopje]], Macedonia <small>''(since 2011)''</small> *{{flagdeco|POL}} [[Warsaw]], Poland <small>''(since 2011)''</small><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.zgportal.com/o-zagrebu/gradovi-prijatelji/ |title=Gradovi prijatelji grada Zagreba |access-date=25 August 2015 |publisher=ZGportal Zagreb |archive-date=17 August 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150817044203/http://www.zgportal.com/o-zagrebu/gradovi-prijatelji/ |url-status=live }}</ref> *{{flagdeco|KOS}} [[Pristina]], Kosovo <small>''(since 2012)''</small> *{{flagdeco|KAZ}} [[Astana]], Kazakhstan <small>''(since 2014)''</small><ref>{{cite web |url=http://astana.gov.kz/en/modules/material/5428 |title=Declaration of intent signed by Akim of Astana and Mayor of Croatias capital |date=4 July 2014 |access-date=9 October 2014 |publisher=Akimat of Astana |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141015024125/http://astana.gov.kz/en/modules/material/5428 |archive-date=15 October 2014 |url-status=dead}}</ref> *{{flagdeco|ITA}} [[Rome]], Italy <small>''(since 2014)''</small><ref name="narod.hr"/> *{{flagdeco|AUT}} [[Vienna]], Austria <small>''(since 2014)''</small><ref name="narod.hr"/> *{{flagdeco|CRO}} [[Petrinja]], Croatia <small>''(since 2015)''</small><ref>{{cite web |title=Zagreb i Petrinja postaju gradovi prijatelji |date=9 July 2015 |url=http://www.zagrebancija.com/zagreb-i-petrinja-postaju-gradovi-prijatelji/ |access-date=20 June 2017 |archive-date=29 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170729091818/http://www.zagrebancija.com/zagreb-i-petrinja-postaju-gradovi-prijatelji/ |url-status=live }}</ref> *{{flagdeco|CRO}} [[Vukovar]], Croatia <small>''(since 2016)''</small><ref>{{cite web |title=Vukovar i Zagreb gradovi prijatelji: Povelju o prijateljstvu potpisali Bandić i Penava |url=https://www.vecernji.hr/vijesti/vukovar-i-zagreb-gradovi-prijatelji-povelju-o-prijateljstvu-potpisali-milan-bandic-i-ivan-penava-1074743 |access-date=20 June 2017 |archive-date=29 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170729092604/https://www.vecernji.hr/vijesti/vukovar-i-zagreb-gradovi-prijatelji-povelju-o-prijateljstvu-potpisali-milan-bandic-i-ivan-penava-1074743 |url-status=live }}</ref> *{{flagdeco|PRC}} [[Xiangyang]], China <small>''(since 2017)''</small><ref>{{cite web |title=Koji su to sve gradovi prijatelji našem Zagrebu? |date=6 November 2018 |url=https://zg-magazin.com.hr/koji-su-to-sve-gradovi-prijatelji-nasem-zagrebu/ |access-date=2021-07-21 |archive-date=21 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210721185752/https://zg-magazin.com.hr/koji-su-to-sve-gradovi-prijatelji-nasem-zagrebu/ |url-status=live }}</ref> {{colend}} ====Partner cities==== The city has partnership arrangements with: * {{flagdeco|Poland}} [[Kraków]], Poland <small>''(since 1975)''</small><ref name="Kraków">{{cite web |title=Kraków otwarty na świat |url=http://www.krakow.pl/otwarty_na_swiat/?LANG=UK&MENU=l&TYPE=ART&ART_ID=16 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160813032716/http://www.krakow.pl/otwarty_na_swiat/?LANG=UK&MENU=l&TYPE=ART&ART_ID=16 |archive-date=13 August 2016 |access-date=19 July 2009 |publisher=krakow.pl}}</ref> * {{flagdeco|Albania}} [[Tirana]], Albania<ref name="International relations">{{cite web |title=Twinning Cities: International Relations |url=http://www.tirana.gov.al/common/images/International%20Relations.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111010042121/http://www.tirana.gov.al/common/images/International%20Relations.pdf |archive-date=10 October 2011 |access-date=23 June 2009 |work=Municipality of Tirana |publisher=tirana.gov.al}}</ref><ref>Twinning Cities: International Relations. Municipality of Tirana. www.tirana.gov.al. Retrieved on 25 January 2008.</ref> * {{flagdeco|Hungary}} [[Pécs]], Hungary<ref>{{cite web |title=Twin cities of Pécs |url=https://pecseconomy.eu/city-of-pecs/twin-cities-of-pecs/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220220222944/https://pecseconomy.eu/city-of-pecs/twin-cities-of-pecs/ |archive-date=20 February 2022 |access-date=20 February 2022 |website=PécsEconomy}}</ref> * {{flagdeco|Ukraine}} [[Kyiv]], Ukraine <small>''(since 2024)''</small><ref>{{Cite web |title=Gradonačelnici Zagreba i Kijeva potpisali sporazum o prijateljstvu i suradnji |url=https://www.zagreb.hr/en/gradonacelnici-zagreba-i-kijeva-potpisali-sporazum/197952 |access-date=2024-05-06 |website=www.zagreb.hr |language=hr}}</ref> == Culture == ===Tourism=== [[File:St. Mark's Church Zagreb.jpg |thumb|200px|View of the [[St. Mark's Church, Zagreb|St. Mark's Church]] with the famous colourful roof representing the coat of arms of the [[Triune Kingdom]] of [[Kingdom of Croatia (Habsburg)|Croatia]], [[Kingdom of Dalmatia|Dalmatia]] and [[Kingdom of Slavonia|Slavonia]] (left), and the city of Zagreb (right)|left]] Zagreb is an important tourist center, not only in terms of passengers traveling from the rest of Europe to the Adriatic Sea but also as a travel destination itself. Since the end of the [[History of Croatia|war]], it has attracted close to a million visitors annually, mainly from Austria, Germany, and Italy, and in recent years many tourists from far east (South Korea, Japan, China, and last two years, from India). It has become an important tourist destination, not only in Croatia, but considering the whole region of southeastern Europe. There are many interesting sights and happenings for tourists to attend in Zagreb, for example, the two statues of Saint George, one at the [[Republic of Croatia Square]], the other at the [[Stone Gate]], where the image of the Virgin Mary is said to be the only thing that did not burn in the 17th-century fire. Also, there is an art installation starting in the Bogovićeva Street, called [[Nine Views]]. Zagreb is also famous for its award-winning [[Christmas market]] that had been named the one in Europe for three consecutive years (2015, 2016 and 2017) by ''European Best Destinations''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Zagreb Christmas Market 2021 - Dates, hotels, things to do,... |url=http://www.europeanbestdestinations.com/christmas-markets/zagreb/ |access-date=2021-09-30 |website=Europe's Best Destinations |language=en-US |archive-date=30 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210930165656/https://www.europeanbestdestinations.com/christmas-markets/zagreb/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-12-11 |title=I treću godinu zaredom: Zagreb ima najbolji Advent u Europi! |url=https://www.24sata.hr/news/i-trecu-godinu-zaredom-zagreb-ima-najbolji-advent-u-europi-552102 |access-date=2021-09-30 |website=[[24sata (Croatia)|24sata]] |language=hr |archive-date=30 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210930165653/https://www.24sata.hr/news/i-trecu-godinu-zaredom-zagreb-ima-najbolji-advent-u-europi-552102 |url-status=live }}</ref> The capital is also known for its many restaurants<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.welcome-center-croatia.com/zagreb/top-restaurants-in-zagreb | title=The Best Restaurants in Zagreb in 2022 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Welcome Center Croatia - The Art Of Travelling |url=https://www.welcome-center-croatia.com// |access-date=2022-06-16 |website=www.welcome-center-croatia.com |language=en |archive-date=12 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220612084154/https://www.welcome-center-croatia.com// |url-status=live }}</ref> that serve not only traditional [[Croatian cuisine|Croatian food]] and classic dishes. In addition to that, a lot of [[List of chained-brand hotels|international hotel chains]] are offering their accommodations in Zagreb, including: [[Best Western]], [[Hilton Worldwide]]: ([[DoubleTree by Hilton]], [[Hilton Garden Inn]] & [[Canopy by Hilton]]), [[Marriott International]]: ([[Sheraton Hotels]] & [[The Westin Zagreb]]), [[Radisson Hotel Group]], [[Mövenpick Hotels & Resorts]] and a former [[Regent Hotels & Resorts]] which is now [[Esplanade Zagreb Hotel]]. The historical part of the city to the north of [[Ban Jelačić Square]] is composed of the [[Gradec, Zagreb|Gornji Grad]] and [[Kaptol, Zagreb|Kaptol]], a medieval urban complex of churches, palaces, museums, galleries and government buildings that are popular with tourists on sightseeing tours. The historic district can be reached on foot, starting from the Ban Jelačić Square, the center of Zagreb, or by a [[funicular]] on nearby Tomićeva Street. Each Saturday, (from April until the end of September), on [[St. Mark's Square, Zagreb|St. Mark's Square]] in the [[Gradec, Zagreb|Upper town]], tourists can meet members of the Order of The Silver Dragon (''Red Srebrnog Zmaja''), who reenact famous historical conflicts between [[Gradec, Zagreb County|Gradec]] and [[Kaptol, Zagreb|Kaptol]]. In 2010 more than 600,000<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.poslovni.hr/vijesti/grad-zagreb-u-2010-broj-turistickih-dolazaka-veci-za-4-posto-168991.aspx |title=Broj turistickih dolazaka |publisher=poslovni.hr |access-date=12 January 2012 |archive-date=16 January 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110116094227/http://www.poslovni.hr/vijesti/grad-zagreb-u-2010-broj-turistickih-dolazaka-veci-za-4-posto-168991.aspx |url-status=dead}}</ref> tourists visited the city, with a 10%<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.kigo.hr/tekst/11098.html |title=Broj turista najvise porastao u Zagrebu |publisher=kigo.hr |access-date=12 January 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130301124403/http://www.kigo.hr/tekst/11098.html |archive-date=1 March 2013}}</ref> increase seen in 2011. In 2012 a total of 675 707 tourists<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mint.hr/default.aspx?id=9244.html |title=U Zagrebu više turista i noćenja |publisher=Ministry of Tourism |access-date=27 September 2013 |archive-date=24 August 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150824195531/http://www.mint.hr/default.aspx?id=9244.html |url-status=live }}</ref> visited the city. A record number of tourists visited Zagreb in 2017, 1.286.087, up 16% compared to the year before, which generated 2.263.758 overnight stays, up 14,8%. ====Souvenirs and gastronomy==== {{multiple image | align = right | direction = vertical | width = 150 | image1 = Mlinci.jpg | caption1 = [[Turkey (meat)|Turkey]] served with [[mlinci]] | image2 = Samobor kremsnita.jpg | caption2 = [[Cremeschnitte|Kremšnita]] | image3 = Štrukli iz Okrugljaka.jpg | caption3 = [[Štrukli]] }} Numerous shops, boutiques, store houses and [[shopping mall|shopping centers]] offer a variety of quality clothing. There are about fourteen big shopping centers in Zagreb. Zagreb's offerings include [[crystal]], [[Chinese ceramics|china]] and [[Pottery|ceramics]], [[wicker]] or [[straw]] baskets, and top-quality Croatian wines and [[gastronomy|gastronomic]] products. Notable Zagreb souvenirs are the [[necktie|tie]] or ''cravat'', an accessory named after Croats who wore characteristic scarves around their necks in the [[Thirty Years' War]] in the 17th century and the [[Ballpoint pen|ball-point pen]], a tool developed from the inventions by [[Slavoljub Eduard Penkala]], an inventor and a citizen of Zagreb. Many Zagreb restaurants offer various specialties of [[Croatian cuisine|national]] and [[Fusion cuisine|international cuisine]]. Domestic products which deserve to be tasted include [[Turkey as food|turkey]], [[duck (meat)|duck]] or goose with ''[[mlinci]]'' (flat pasta, soaked in roast juices), a famous ''Zagrebački odrezak'' (type of [[Cordon bleu (dish)|cordon bleu]]), ''[[Zagorski štrukli|Štrukli]]'' ([[cottage cheese]] [[strudel]]), ''sir i vrhnje'' ([[cottage cheese]] with cream), ''[[Cremeschnitte|kremšnite]]'' ([[custard]] slices in flaky pastry), ''orehnjača'' (traditional [[walnut#Nuts|walnut]] roll), and ''[[sarma (food)|sarma]]'' ([[Sauerkraut]] rolls filed with minced pork meat and rice, served with [[mashed potato]]). ===Cultural institutions=== {{multiple image | align = left | direction = vertical | width = 200 | image1 = Hotel Esplanade, Zagreb 1.jpg | caption1 = [[Esplanade Zagreb Hotel]] | image2 = Straße Ilica in Zagreb.jpg | caption2 = [[Ilica (street)|Ilica]], the famous shopping street of the city | image3 = Zagreb - Medvedgrad (43718446370).jpg | caption3 = [[Tkalčićeva Street]], commonly known as "Tkalča"(Tkalcha) with many cafes, bars and restaurants of local and foreign cuisine }} Zagreb's museums reflect the history, art, and culture not only of Zagreb and Croatia, but also of Europe and the world. Around thirty collections in museums and galleries comprise more than 3.6 million various exhibits, excluding church and private collections. The [[Archaeological Museum, Zagreb|Archaeological Museum]] collections, today consisting of nearly 450,000 varied [[archaeology|archaeological]] artefacts and monuments, have been gathered over the years from many different sources. These holdings include evidence of Croatian presence in the area.<ref name=zageb_archeo>{{cite web |url=http://www.amz.hr/eng/page.asp?id=muzej&sub=2&url=povijest |title=The History and Activities of the Archeological Museum |access-date=2 July 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060518052905/http://www.amz.hr/eng/page.asp?id=muzej&sub=2&url=povijest |archive-date=18 May 2006 |url-status=dead}}</ref> The most famous are the Egyptian collection, the [[Liber Linteus|Zagreb mummy]] and bandages with the oldest [[Old Italic alphabet|Etruscan]] inscription in the world (''[[Liber Linteus]] Zagrabiensis''), as well as the [[coin collecting|numismatic]] collection. The [[Modern Gallery, Zagreb|Modern Gallery]] ({{langx|hr|Moderna galerija}}) holds the most important and comprehensive collection of paintings, sculptures and drawings by 19th- and 20th-century Croatian artists. The collection numbers more than 10,000 works of art, housed since 1934 in the historic Vranyczany Palace in the center of Zagreb, overlooking the Zrinjevac Park. A secondary gallery is the Josip Račić Studio.<ref name="moderngallery">{{cite web |title=Modern Gallery |publisher=Moderna Galerija |url=http://www.moderna-galerija.hr/ |access-date=8 October 2010 |archive-date=11 October 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121011003429/http://www.moderna-galerija.hr/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The [[Croatian Natural History Museum]] holds one of the world's most important collections of [[Neanderthal]] remains found at one site.<ref name=zageb_nat>{{cite web |url=http://www.zagreb-touristinfo.hr/?id=94&l=e&nav=nav5&solo=270 |title=Croatian Natural History Museum |access-date=2 July 2006 |archive-date=16 February 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070216051221/http://www.zagreb-touristinfo.hr/?id=94&l=e&nav=nav5&solo=270 |url-status=live }}</ref> These are the remains, stone weapons, and tools of prehistoric ''[[Krapina]] man''. The holdings of the Croatian Natural History Museum comprise more than 250,000 specimens distributed among various collections. The [[Technical Museum, Zagreb|Technical Museum]] was founded in 1954 and it maintains the oldest preserved machine in the area, dating from 1830, which is still operational. The museum exhibits numerous historic aircraft, cars, machinery and equipment. There are some distinct sections in the museum: the Planetarium, the Apisarium, the Mine (model of mines for coal, iron and [[ferrous|non-ferrous metals]], about {{cvt|300|m|ft}} long), and the [[Nikola Tesla]] study.<ref name=zageb_tech>{{cite web |url=http://www.zagreb-touristinfo.hr/?id=94&l=e&nav=nav5&solo=291 |title=Technical Museum |access-date=2 July 2006 |archive-date=16 February 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070216051241/http://www.zagreb-touristinfo.hr/?id=94&l=e&nav=nav5&solo=291 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tmnt.hr/ |title=Tehnički muzej |language=hr |publisher=Technical Museum |location=Zagreb, Croatia |work=Official web site |access-date=28 July 2021 |archive-date=20 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190820042703/http://tmnt.hr/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The [[Zagreb City Museum|Museum of the City of Zagreb]] was established in 1907 by the Association of the Braća Hrvatskog Zmaja. It is located in a restored monumental complex (Popov toranj, the Observatory, Zakmardi Granary) of the former Convent of the [[Poor Clares]], of 1650.<ref name=zageb_citymus>{{cite web |url=http://www.zagreb-touristinfo.hr/?id=94&l=e&nav=nav5&solo=272 |title=Museum of the City of Zagreb |access-date=2 July 2006 |archive-date=8 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308041321/https://www.zagreb-touristinfo.hr/?id=94&l=e&nav=nav5&solo=272 |url-status=live }}</ref> The Museum deals with topics from the cultural, artistic, economic and [[political history]] of the city spanning from Roman finds to the [[modern history|modern period]]. The holdings comprise over 80,000 items arranged systematically into collections of artistic and mundane objects characteristic of the city and its history. The [[Museum of Arts and Crafts, Zagreb|Arts and Crafts Museum]] was founded in 1880 with the intention of preserving the works of art and craft against the new predominance of industrial products. With its 160,000 exhibits, the Arts and Crafts Museum is a national-level museum for artistic production and the history of [[Archaeological culture|material culture]] in Croatia.<ref name=zageb_artsandcrafts>{{cite web |url=http://www.zagreb-touristinfo.hr/?id=94&l=e&nav=nav5&solo=278 |title=Arts and Crafts Museum |access-date=2 July 2006 |archive-date=13 February 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070213013440/http://www.zagreb-touristinfo.hr/?id=94&l=e&nav=nav5&solo=278 |url-status=live }}</ref> {{multiple image |align=right|direction=vertical|width=220 |image1=Umj-paviljon 01.jpg |caption1=[[Art Pavilion in Zagreb|Art Pavilion]] |image2=Mimara Museum, Zagreb 02.jpg |caption2=[[Mimara Museum]] }} The [[Ethnographic Museum, Zagreb|Ethnographic Museum]] was founded in 1919. It lies in the fine Secession building of the one-time Trades Hall of 1903. The ample holdings of about 80,000 items cover the ethnographic heritage of Croatia, classified in three cultural zones: the Pannonian, Dinaric and Adriatic.<ref name=zageb_ethnographic>{{cite web |url=http://www.zagreb-touristinfo.hr/?id=94&l=e&nav=nav5&solo=263 |title=Ethnographic Museum |publisher=The Zagreb Tourist Board |access-date=6 December 2012 |archive-date=9 October 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121009002411/http://www.zagreb-touristinfo.hr/?id=94&l=e&nav=nav5&solo=263 |url-status=live }}</ref> The [[Mimara Museum]] an [[art museum]], that was founded with a donation from [[Ante Topić Mimara]] and opened to the public in 1987. It is located in a late 19th-century [[Renaissance Revival architecture|neo-Renaissance]] palace.<ref name=zageb_mim>{{cite web |url=http://www.zagreb-touristinfo.hr/?id=94&l=e&nav=nav5&solo=275 |title=Mimara Museum |access-date=2 July 2006 |archive-date=16 February 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070216050333/http://www.zagreb-touristinfo.hr/?id=94&l=e&nav=nav5&solo=275 |url-status=live }}</ref> The holdings comprise 3,750 works of art of various techniques and materials, and different cultures and civilizations, including paintings from great European masters like: [[Caravaggio]], [[Raphael]], [[Pierre-Auguste Renoir]], [[Rembrandt]], [[Hieronymus Bosch]], [[Francisco Goya]], [[Diego Velázquez]] and many others. The [[Croatian Museum of Naïve Art]] is one of the first museums of [[naïve art]] in the world. The museum holds works of Croatian naïve expression of the 20th century. It is located in the 18th-century Raffay Palace in the [[Gornji Grad – Medveščak|Gornji Grad]]. The museum holdings consist of almost 2000 works of art – paintings, sculptures, drawings, and prints, mainly by Croatians but also by other well-known world artists.<ref name="zagreb_naïve">{{cite web |url=http://www.zagreb-touristinfo.hr/?id=94&l=e&nav=nav5&solo=267 |title=Croatian Naïve Art Museum |access-date=2 July 2006 |archive-date=16 February 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070216051053/http://www.zagreb-touristinfo.hr/?id=94&l=e&nav=nav5&solo=267 |url-status=live }}</ref> From time to time, the museum organizes topics and retrospective exhibitions by naïve artists, expert meetings and educational workshops and playrooms. [[File:PSX 20190406 122459.jpg|thumb|left|[[Meštrović Pavilion]]]] [[File:Msu-museum-contemporary-art-zagreb.jpg|thumb|left|[[Museum of Contemporary Art, Zagreb|Museum of Contemporary Art]]]] The [[Museum of Contemporary Art, Zagreb|Museum of Contemporary Art]] was founded in 1954. Its new building hosts a rich collection of Croatian and international contemporary visual art which has been collected throughout the decades from the nineteen-fifties until today. The museum is located in the center of [[Novi Zagreb]] and opened in 2009. The old location is now part of the Kulmer Palace in the [[Gornji Grad – Medveščak|Gornji Grad]].<ref name=zagreb_contemporary>{{cite web |url=http://www.msu.hr/#/en/ |title=The Museum of Contemporary Art Zagreb |access-date=20 January 2010 |archive-date=28 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190528153643/http://www.msu.hr/#/en/ |url-status=live }}</ref> <!---redirect targets this anchor---> {{anchor|ica}}The Institute for Contemporary Art (''Institut za suvremenu umjetnost''), successor to the Soros Center for Contemporary Art – Zagreb (SCCA – Zagreb), was founded in 1993, and registered as an independent nonprofit organization in 1998. It was founded and run by [[art historian]]s, curators, artists, photographers, designers, publishers, academics, and journalists, and initially located at the Museum of Contemporary Art. After moving a number of times, the institute has a gallery at the Academia Moderna. Its aims are to promote contemporary Croatian artists and the [[visual arts|visual]] and other creative arts; to start documenting contemporary artists; and to build a body of contemporary art. It established the Radoslav Putar Award in 2002.<ref>{{cite web |title=About |website=Institut za suvremenu umjetnost |url=http://www.institute.hr/en/about/ |language=en |access-date=28 January 2023 |archive-date=24 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221224170047/http://www.institute.hr/en/about/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The [[Strossmayer Gallery of Old Masters]] offers permanent holdings presenting European paintings from the 14th to 19th centuries,<ref name=zageb_stross>{{cite web |url=http://www.mdc.hr/strossmayer/eng/povijest.html |title=About Strossmayer's Old Masters Gallery |access-date=2 July 2006 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927234334/http://www.mdc.hr/strossmayer/eng/povijest.html |archive-date=27 September 2007}}</ref> and the [[Ivan Meštrović]] Studio, with sculptures, drawings, lithography portfolios and other items, was a donation of this great artist to his homeland. The Museum and Gallery Center introduces on various occasions the Croatian and foreign cultural and artistic heritage. The [[Art Pavilion, Zagreb|Art Pavilion]] by Viennese architects Hellmer and Fellmer who were the most famous designers of theatres in Central Europe is a [[Neoclassicism|neo-classical]] exhibition complex and one of the landmarks of the downtown. The exhibitions are also held in the Meštrović building on the [[Square of the Victims of Fascism]] – the Home of Croatian Fine Artists. The World Center "Wonder of Croatian Naïve Art" exhibits masterpieces of Croatian naïve art as well as the works of a new generation of artists. The Modern Gallery comprises all relevant fine artists of the 19th and 20th centuries. The [[Museum of Broken Relationships]] at 2 Ćirilometodska holds people's mementos of past relationships.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://new.brokenships.com/en |title=Museum of Broken Relationships |publisher=New.brokenships.com |access-date=5 May 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111120183225/http://new.brokenships.com/en |archive-date=20 November 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-11971134 |title=Museum of Broken Relationships: BBC video |publisher=Bbc.co.uk |date=13 December 2010 |access-date=5 May 2014 |archive-date=8 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131208194251/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-11971134 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/02/15/arts/design/15broken.html |title=A Poignant Trail of Broken Hearts, All on Display |date=15 February 2010 |work=The New York Times |access-date=28 February 2017 |archive-date=14 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170114064425/http://www.nytimes.com/2010/02/15/arts/design/15broken.html |url-status=live }}</ref> It is the first private museum in the country.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://en.wikinoticia.com/culture-science/strange-inventions/67179-the-museum-of-broken-relationships |title=The Museum of Broken Relationships |publisher=En.wikinoticia.com |date=25 November 2010 |access-date=3 June 2011 |archive-date=18 July 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718050905/http://en.wikinoticia.com/culture-science/strange-inventions/67179-the-museum-of-broken-relationships |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Lauba House]] presents works from the [[Filip Trade Collection]], a large private collection of modern and contemporary Croatian art and current artistic production.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.lauba.hr/en/homepage-2/ |title=People and Art House Lauba |publisher=Lauba.hr |access-date=5 May 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140508124605/http://www.lauba.hr/en/homepage-2/ |archive-date=8 May 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://pogledaj.to/en/architecture/lauba-%E2%80%93-the-youngest-centenarian-in-town/ |title=Lauba-The Youngest Centenarian in Town |publisher=pogledaj.to |date=25 April 2011 |access-date=18 July 2011 |archive-date=12 June 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110612155403/http://pogledaj.to/en/architecture/lauba-%E2%80%93-the-youngest-centenarian-in-town/ |url-status=live }}</ref> {{multiple image | align = right | direction = vertical | width = 200 | image1 = Entrada del Jardín Botánico, Zagreb, Croacia, 2014-04-13, DD 01.JPG | caption1 = [[Zagreb Botanical Garden]] Gate | image2 = Lavlji_most_2.jpg | caption2 = [[Zagreb Zoo]], Lion's Bridge. }} [[List of museums in Croatia|Other museums and galleries]] are also found in the Croatian School Museum, the Croatian Hunting Museum, the Croatian Sports Museum, the Croatian Post and Telecommunications Museum, the HAZU ([[Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts]]) Glyptotheque (collection of monuments), and the HAZU Graphics Cabinet. There are five [[castle]]s in Zagreb: Dvorac Brezovica, Kašina (Castrum antiquum Paganorum), Medvedgrad, Susedgrad and Kulmerovi dvori.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.croatiaweek.com/zagreb-ranks-7th-among-europes-cities-with-the-most-castles/|title=Zagreb ranks 7th among Europe's cities with the most castles|website=croatiaweek.com|publisher=Croatia Week|date=28 August 2023|access-date=29 August 2023}}</ref> [[Zagreb Zoo]] is a 7-hectare [[Zoo]] located in [[Maksimir Park]], opened in 1925 and it's one of the main attractions in Zagreb. The Zoo hold 2,225 animals of 275 species from all around the world. It's the most visited Zoo in Croatia with almost half of million visitors in 2023.<ref>https://zoo.hr/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Posjetitelji-od-1972-do-2023.pdf</ref> ===Events=== Zagreb has hosted some of the most popular mainstream musical artists in recent years, including those of [[Queen (band)|Queen]], [[Rolling Stones]], [[U2]], [[Guns N' Roses]], [[Eric Clapton]], [[Deep Purple]], [[Bob Dylan]], [[David Bowie]], [[Elton John]], [[Roger Waters]], [[Depeche Mode]], [[The Prodigy|Prodigy]], [[Beyoncé Knowles|Beyoncé]], [[Lady Gaga]], [[Britney Spears]], [[Ed Sheeran]], [[Justin Bieber]], [[Shakira]], [[Nick Cave]], [[Jamiroquai]], [[George Michael]], [[Sade (singer)|Sade]], [[Sting (musician)|Sting]], [[Rod Stewart]], [[Eros Ramazzotti]], [[Manu Chao]], [[Massive Attack]], [[Andrea Bocelli]], [[Metallica]], [[50 Cent]], [[Snoop Dogg]], [[Duran Duran]] as well as some of world most recognised underground artists such as [[Dimmu Borgir]], [[Sepultura]], [[Melvins]], [[Mastodon (band)|Mastodon]] and more. Zagreb is also the home of the [[INmusic festival]], one of the biggest open-air festivals in Croatia which is held every year, usually at the end of June, hosting a lot of big names like [[Hozier]], [[Lily Allen]], [[Arctic Monkeys]], [[Rokia Traoré]], [[Anthrax (American band)|Anthrax]] and many more. There is also the Zagreb Jazz Festival which has featured popular jazz artists like [[Pat Metheny]] or [[Sonny Rollins]]. Many other festivals occur in Zagreb like Žedno uho featuring indie, rock, metal and electronica artists such as [[Animal Collective]], [[Melvins]], [[Butthole Surfers]], [[Crippled Black Phoenix]], [[NoMeansNo]], [[The National (band)|The National]], [[Mark Lanegan]], [[Swans (band)|Swans]], [[Mudhoney]] around the clubs and concert halls of Zagreb. ===Performing arts=== [[File:Croatian National Theatre in Zagreb in 2018.jpg|thumb|left|[[Croatian National Theatre in Zagreb|Croatian National Theatre]]]] [[File:Dvorana Vatroslav Lisinski cijela 7 rujna 2008.jpg|thumb|left|[[Vatroslav Lisinski Concert Hall]]]] There are about 20 permanent or seasonal theatres and stages. The [[Croatian National Theatre in Zagreb|Croatian National Theater in Zagreb]] was built in 1895 and opened by emperor [[Franz Joseph I of Austria]]. The most renowned [[List of concert halls|concert hall]] named "[[Vatroslav Lisinski Concert Hall|Vatroslav Lisinski]]", after the composer of the first Croatian opera, was built in 1973. The [[World Theatre Festival (Zagreb)|World Theatre Festival]] and [[International Puppet Festival]] both take place in Zagreb in September and October.<ref name=zagrebfests>{{cite web |title=Festivals and Annual Events in Zagreb, Croatia |website=Zagreb.com |url=https://www.zagreb.com/v/festivals/ |access-date=14 December 2021 |archive-date=14 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211214104240/https://www.zagreb.com/v/festivals/ |url-status=live }}</ref> ''Animafest'', the World Festival of [[Animation|Animated Film]]s, takes place every even-numbered year, and the ''Music Biennale'', the international festival of [[avant-garde music]], every odd-numbered year. It also hosts the annual ''[[ZagrebDox]]'' [[documentary film]] festival. The ''Festival of the Zagreb [[orchestra|Philharmonic]]'' and the flowers exhibition ''Floraart'' (end of May or beginning of June), the ''Old-timer Rally'' annual events. In the summer, theatre performances and concerts, mostly in the Upper Town, are organized either indoors or outdoors. The stage on Opatovina hosts the ''Zagreb Histrionic Summer'' theatre events. Zagreb is also the host of ''Zagrebfest'', the oldest Croatian [[pop music|pop-music]] [[music festival|festival]], as well as of several traditional international sports events and tournaments. The ''Day of the City of Zagreb'' on 16 November is celebrated every year with special festivities, especially on the [[Jarun]] lake in the southwestern part of the city. ===Recreation and sports=== {{multiple image |direction = vertical |width = 200 |image1 = Prva vožnja SQT2019 žene.png |caption1 = [[Snow Queen Trophy]] is a [[FIS Alpine Ski World Cup|World Cup]] [[Alpine skiing|alpine ski]] [[Racing|race]] in Zagreb |image2 = Jarun 20160702 5087.jpg |caption2 = [[Arena Zagreb]] |image3 = Jarun Lake aerial view.jpg |caption3 = [[Jarun Lake]] |image4 = Zrinjevac Park, Zagreb, Croatia - 2022.jpg |caption4 = [[Zrinjevac Park]] |image5 = Maksimir 20151101 DSC 3621.JPG |caption5 = [[Maksimir Park]] }} Zagreb is home to numerous sports and recreational centers. Recreational [[SportsCenter|Sports Center]] Jarun, situated on [[Jarun|Jarun Lake]] in the southwest of the city, has fine shingle beaches, a world-class [[regatta]] course, a [[jogging]] lane around the lake, several restaurants, many [[Nightclub|night clubs]] and a [[discothèque]]. Its sports and recreation opportunities include swimming, sunbathing, waterskiing, angling, and other [[List of water sports|water sports]], but also [[beach volleyball]], football, basketball, handball, table tennis, and [[Miniature golf|mini-golf]]. [[File:Zicara za inficu.jpg|thumb|upright|left|The newly opened [[Zagreb cable car]]]] [[Dom Sportova]], a sport centre in northern [[Trešnjevka]] features six halls. The largest two have seating capacity of 5,000 and 3,100 people, respectively.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sportskiobjekti.hr/default.aspx?id=105 |title=Ustanova Upravljanje sportskim objektima – Dvorane Doma sportova |first=Globaldizajn |last=www.globaldizajn.hr |work=sportskiobjekti.hr |access-date=24 August 2016 |archive-date=22 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201022180853/https://www.sportskiobjekti.hr/default.aspx?id=105 |url-status=live }}</ref> This centre is used for basketball, handball, volleyball, hockey, gymnastics, tennis, etc. It also hosts music events. [[Arena Zagreb]] was finished in 2008. The 16,500-seat arena<ref>[[Arena Zagreb]]{{circular reference|date=October 2015}}</ref> hosted the [[2009 World Men's Handball Championship]]. The [[Dražen Petrović Basketball Hall]] seats 5,400 people. Alongside the hall is the {{cvt|94|m|ft|adj=on}} high glass [[Cibona Tower]]. [[Mladost (sports society)|Sports Park Mladost]], situated on the embankment of the Sava river, has an [[Olympic-size swimming pool]], smaller indoor and outdoor swimming pools, a sunbathing terrace, 16 tennis courts as well as [[basketball]], [[volleyball]], [[team handball|handball]], [[Association football|football]] and [[field hockey]] courts. A volleyball sports hall is within the park. Sports and Recreational Center Šalata, located in [[Šalata]], only a couple hundred meters from the [[Ban Jelačić Square|Jelačić Square]], is most attractive for tennis players. It comprises a big [[tennis court]] and eight smaller ones, two of which are covered by the so-called "balloon", and another two equipped with lights. The center also has swimming pools, basketball courts, football fields, a gym, and fitness center, and a four-lane [[bowling]] alley. Outdoor [[ice skating]] is a popular winter recreation. There are also several fine restaurants within and near the center. Maksimir Tennis Center, located in Ravnice east of [[Donji grad (Zagreb)|downtown]], consists of two sports blocks. The first comprises a tennis center situated in a large tennis hall with four courts. There are 22 outdoor tennis courts with lights. The other block offers multipurpose sports facilities: apart from tennis courts, there are handball, basketball and [[indoor soccer|indoor football]] grounds, as well as [[track and field]] facilities, a [[bocce|bocce ball]] alley and [[table tennis]] opportunities. Recreational swimmers can enjoy a smaller-size indoor swimming pool in Daničićeva Street, and a newly opened indoor Olympic-size pool at [[Utrine, Zagreb|Utrine]] sports center in Novi Zagreb. Skaters can skate in the [[Ice rink|skating rink]] on Trg Sportova (Sports Square) and on the lake Jarun Skaters' park. [[Zagreb Hippodrome]] offers recreational [[Equestrianism|horseback riding]] opportunities, while [[horse racing|horse races]] are held every weekend during the warmer part of the year. The 38,923<ref>[[Stadion Maksimir]]{{circular reference|date=October 2015}}</ref>-seat [[Stadion Maksimir|Maksimir Stadium]], last 10 years under renovation, is located in [[Maksimir]] in the northeastern part of the city. The stadium is part of the immense Svetice recreational and sports complex (ŠRC Svetice), south of the Maksimir Park. The complex covers an area of {{cvt|276440|m2|acre|0}}. It is part of a significant green zone, which passes from [[Medvednica]] in the north toward the south. ŠRC Svetice, together with Maksimir Park, creates an ideal connection of areas which are assigned to sport, recreation, and leisure. The latest larger recreational facility is [[Bundek]], a group of two small lakes near the Sava in [[Novi Zagreb]], surrounded by a partly forested park. The location had been used prior to the 1970s, but then went to neglect until 2006 when it was renovated. In year 2021 Zagreb was the host city of [[Croatia Rally]], round three of [[2021 World Rally Championship]]. The Rally was won by [[Sébastien Ogier]] and [[Julien Ingrassia]], [[Toyota Gazoo Racing WRT]] crew. Service parc, Overnight parc ferme and Shakedown [[Medvedgrad]] took place in Zagreb placing him as a lone capital in the championship. [[2021 Croatia Rally]] became third tightest WRC event up to date, with only 0,6 seconds dividing the winning crew and second placed [[Elfyn Evans]] and [[Scott Martin (co-driver)]] in Toyota Yaris WRC. The Croatian round of WRC was praised by becoming the part of [[2022 World Rally Championship]]. Some of the most notable sport clubs in Zagreb are: [[GNK Dinamo Zagreb]], [[KHL Medveščak Zagreb]], [[RK Zagreb]], [[KK Cibona]], [[KK Zagreb]], [[KK Cedevita]], [[NK Zagreb]], [[HAVK Mladost]] and others. The city hosted the [[2016 Davis Cup World Group]] final between [[Croatia Davis Cup team|Croatia]] and [[Argentina Davis Cup team|Argentina]], as well as being one of three Croatian host cities for the [[2025 World Men's Handball Championship]]. === Religion === {{multiple image | align = right | perrow = 2 | total_width = 400 | image1 = Blick auf die Kathedrale von Zagreb.jpg | width1 = 650 | height1 = 400 | image2 = Mirogoj Cemetery, Zagreb 03.jpg | width2 = 650 | height2 = 400 | image3 = Záhřeb, pravoslavný chrám 4.jpg | width3 = 550 | height3 = 400 | image4 = Zagrebačka džamija (1987.) 01.jpg | width4 = 550 | height4 = 400 | footer = Clockwise from top left: [[Zagreb Cathedral]], [[Mirogoj Cemetery|Church of Christ the King in Mirogoj]], [[Zagreb Mosque]] and [[Serbian Orthodox Cathedral, Zagreb|Serbian Orthodox Church Cathedral]] with statue of [[Petar Preradović]] | direction = | alt1 = | caption1 = | caption2 = }} The [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Zagreb|Archdiocese of Zagreb]] is a [[metropolitan bishop|metropolitan see]] of the [[Roman Catholicism in Croatia|Catholic Church in Croatia]], serving as its religious center. The Archbishop is [[Dražen Kutleša]]. The Catholic Church is the largest religious organisation in Zagreb, Catholicism being the predominant religion of Croatia, with over 1.1 million adherents.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/dzagr.html |title=Zagreb(Archdiocese)-Statistics |publisher=Zagreb(Archdiocese) |access-date=3 May 2012 |archive-date=12 May 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120512000800/http://catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/dzagr.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Zagreb is also the [[episcopal see]] of the [[Metropolitanate of Zagreb and Ljubljana]] of the [[Eastern Orthodoxy in Croatia|Serbian Orthodox Church]]. [[Islam in Croatia|Islamic religious organization of Croatia]] has the see in Zagreb. President is Mufti Aziz Hasanović. There used to be a mosque in the [[Meštrović Pavilion]] during [[Zagreb in World War II|World War II]]<ref>[[Meštrović Pavilion]]</ref> at the [[Square of the Victims of Fascism]], but it was relocated to the neighborhood of Borovje in [[Peščenica – Žitnjak|Peščenica]]. Mainstream Protestant churches have also been present in Zagreb – Evangelical (Lutheran) Church and Reformed Christian (Calvinist) Church. [[The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints]] is also present in the Zagreb neighborhood of [[Jarun]] whereas Jehovah's Witnesses have their headquarters in Central Zagreb.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.crkvaisusakrista.hr/ |title=Crkva Isusa Krista Svetaca Poslijednih Dana |publisher=crkvaisusakrista.hr |access-date=2 September 2012 |archive-date=30 August 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120830205327/http://www.crkvaisusakrista.hr/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In total there are around 40 non-Catholic religious organizations and denominations in Zagreb with their headquarters and places of worship across the city making it a large and diverse multicultural community. There is also significant [[History of the Jews in Croatia|Jewish history]] through [[The Holocaust in the Independent State of Croatia|the Holocaust]]. == Economy == [[File:Záhřeb budova ředitelství HŽ 3.jpg|thumb|upright=1.0|right|[[Croatian Railways]] headquarters]] Important branches of industry are: production of electrical machines and devices, [[chemical industry|chemical]], [[pharmaceutical drug|pharmaceutical]], [[textile industry|textile]], [[food industry|food and drink]] processing. Zagreb is an [[international trade]] and business centre, as well as an essential transport hub placed at the crossroads of Central Europe, the Mediterranean and the [[Southeast Europe]].<ref name=zageb_economy>{{cite web |url=http://www.zagreb.hr/Dokument.nsf/AboutZagreb?OpenPage |title=About Zagreb Economy |access-date=2 July 2006 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060614151640/http://www.zagreb.hr/Dokument.nsf/AboutZagreb?OpenPage |archive-date=14 June 2006}}</ref> Almost all of the largest Croatian as well as Central European companies and conglomerates such as [[Agrokor]], [[INA (company)|INA]], [[Hrvatski Telekom]] have their headquarters in the city. The only Croatian stock exchange is the Zagreb Stock Exchange ({{langx|hr|Zagrebačka burza}}), which is located in [[Eurotower (Zagreb)|Eurotower]], one of the tallest [[List of tallest buildings in Croatia|Croatian skyscrapers]]. According to 2008 data, the city of Zagreb has the highest PPP and nominal [[gross domestic product]] per capita in Croatia at $32,185 and $27,271 respectively, compared to the Croatian averages of US$18,686 and $15,758.<ref name=zagreb_stat>{{cite web |url=http://www.zagreb.hr/UserDocsImages/prezentacija_11%2011-ENG.ppt |title=Zagreb – City Office for Economy, Labour and Entrepreneurship |access-date=25 April 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130720022211/http://www.zagreb.hr/UserDocsImages/prezentacija_11%2011-ENG.ppt |archive-date=20 July 2013}}</ref> [[File:Hrvatska Narodna Banka.jpg|thumb|upright=1.0|right|[[Croatian National Bank]]]] [[File:Viktor Kovačić - Palača burze u Zagrebu - kupola - 20231104 130753.jpg|thumb|upright=1.0|right|Dome of the Zagreb Old Stock Exchange Palace]] As of May 2015, the average monthly net salary in Zagreb was 6,669 [[Croatian kuna|kuna]], about [[Euro|€]]870 (Croatian average is 5,679 kuna, about €740).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.index.hr/vijesti/clanak/prosjecna-placa-u-zagrebu-990-kuna-visa-od-hrvatskog-prosjeka/834757.aspx |title=Prosječna plaća u Zagrebu 990 kuna viša od hrvatskog prosjeka |publisher=[[Index.hr]] |access-date=31 January 2016 |archive-date=24 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200624015925/https://www.index.hr/vijesti/clanak/Prosjecna-placa-u-Zagrebu-990-kuna-visa-od-hrvatskog-prosjeka/834757.aspx |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author=Foto: Marijan Sušenj/PIXSELL |url=http://www.vecernji.hr/vijesti/znate-li-koliko-iznosi-prosjecna-placa-hrvatskoj-clanak-536625 |title=Znate li koliko iznosi prosječna plaća u Hrvatskoj? – Vijesti – hrvatska – Večernji list |publisher=Vecernji.hr |access-date=5 May 2014 |archive-date=27 September 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130927165910/http://www.vecernji.hr/vijesti/znate-li-koliko-iznosi-prosjecna-placa-hrvatskoj-clanak-536625 |url-status=live }}</ref> At the end of 2012, the average [[unemployment]] rate in Zagreb was around 9.5%.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.zagreb.hr/default.aspx?id=1037 |title=Službene stranice Grada Zagreba – Zaposlenost i nezaposlenost |publisher=Zagreb.hr |date=5 October 2013 |access-date=5 May 2014 |archive-date=29 April 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170429130911/http://www.zagreb.hr/default.aspx?id=1037 |url-status=live }}</ref> 34% of companies in Croatia have headquarters in Zagreb, and 38.4% of the Croatian workforce works in Zagreb, including almost all banks, utility and public transport companies.<ref>{{cite web |title=CENTRALIZIRANA HRVATSKA Analiza Jutarnjeg – zaposleni Zagrepčani primaju 50 posto veće plaće od Varaždinaca! |date=3 August 2015 |url=http://www.jutarnji.hr/vijesti/hrvatska/centralizirana-hrvatska-analiza-jutarnjeg-zaposleni-zagrepcani-primaju-50-posto-vece-place-od-varazdinaca/286912/ |access-date=20 June 2017 |archive-date=2 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190402102522/https://www.jutarnji.hr/vijesti/hrvatska/centralizirana-hrvatska-analiza-jutarnjeg-zaposleni-zagrepcani-primaju-50-posto-vece-place-od-varazdinaca/286912/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Centralizacija: Zagreb troši triput više od Rijeke, Splita i Osijeka zajedno |url=http://www.glas-slavonije.hr/221198/1/Centralizacija-Zagreb-trosi-triput-vise-od-Rijeke-Splita-i-Osijeka-zajedno |access-date=20 June 2017 |archive-date=22 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200622193117/http://www.glas-slavonije.hr/221198/1/Centralizacija-Zagreb-trosi-triput-vise-od-Rijeke-Splita-i-Osijeka-zajedno |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Grabar Kitarović: Demografska slika Hrvatske je ogroman problem |url=http://dnevnik.hr/vijesti/hrvatska/kolinda-grabar-kitarovic-hrvatska-je-previse-centralizirana---423225.html |access-date=20 June 2017 |archive-date=26 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626042633/https://dnevnik.hr/vijesti/hrvatska/kolinda-grabar-kitarovic-hrvatska-je-previse-centralizirana---423225.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Companies in Zagreb create 52% of the total turnover and 60% of the total profit of Croatia in 2006 as well as 35% of Croatian export and 57% of Croatian import.<ref name=hgk_ppp>{{cite web |url=http://www.zg.hgk.hr/prezentacija___read-only_.pdf |title=Gospodarstvo Grada Zagreba i Zagrebačke županije |date=11 December 2007 |access-date=11 November 2008 |work=Croatian Chamber of Economy |language=hr |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217230926/http://www.zg.hgk.hr/prezentacija___read-only_.pdf |archive-date=17 December 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.zg.hgk.hr/pg006.html |title=Economic Profile of Zagreb Chamber of Commerce |publisher=Croatian Chamber of Commerce, Zagreb Chamber of Commerce |access-date=25 January 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080115172243/http://www.zg.hgk.hr/pg006.html |archive-date=15 January 2008 |language=hr |url-status=dead}}</ref> The following table includes some of the main economic indicators for the period 2011–2019, based on the data provided by the [[Croatian Bureau of Statistics]].<ref name="dzs_bdp_2022">{{cite web |title=BRUTO DOMAĆI PROIZVOD ZA REPUBLIKU HRVATSKU, HR_NUTS 2021. – HR NUTS 2 I ŽUPANIJE U 2019. |url=https://podaci.dzs.hr/2022/hr/29152 |website=DZS |publisher=Državni zavod za statistiku |access-date=29 April 2022 |archive-date=5 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220705151853/https://podaci.dzs.hr/2022/hr/29152 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="BDP NUTS Regions 2023">{{cite web |title=BRUTO DOMAĆI PROIZVOD ZA REPUBLIKU HRVATSKU, HR_NUTS 2021. – HR NUTS 2 I ŽUPANIJE U 2021. |url=https://podaci.dzs.hr/2024/hr/77029 |website=Državni zavod za statistiku |publisher=Croatian Bureau of Statistics |access-date=28 February 2024 }}</ref> A linear interpolation was used for the population data between 2011 and 2021. While data on the yearly averaged conversion rates between [[Croatian kuna|HRK]], [[Euro|EUR]] and [[United States dollar|USD]] is provided by the [[Croatian National Bank]].<ref name="HNB_makro">{{cite web |title=Glavni makroekonomski indikatori |trans-title=Main macroeconomic indicators |url=https://www.hnb.hr/statistika/glavni-makroekonomski-indikatori |website=HNB |access-date=6 April 2022 |archive-date=3 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303143658/http://www.hnb.hr/statistika/glavni-makroekonomski-indikatori |url-status=live }}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center" !Year !Population !Exchange rate <small>(EUR : USD)</small> !GDP <small>(nominal in mil. EUR)</small> !GDP <small>(nominal in mil. USD)</small> !GDP per capita <small>(nominal in EUR)</small> !GDP per capita <small>(nominal in USD)</small> |- |2011 |790,017 |1.3913 |15,513 |21,583 |19,636 |27,319 |- |2012 |788,010 |1.2848 |15,188 |19,514 |19,274 |24,763 |- |2013 |786,002 |1.3281 |15,029 |19,960 |19,121 |25,394 |- |2014 |783,995 |1.3285 |15,004 |19,933 |19,121 |25,394 |- |2015 |781,988 |1.1095 |15,457 |17,161 |19,779 |21,945 |- |2016 |779,981 |1.1069 |16,114 |17,837 |20,659 |22,868 |- |2017 |777,973 |1.1297 |17,097 |19,314 |21,976 |24,827 |- |2018 |775,966 |1.1810 |18,155 |21,441 |23,397 |27,631 |- |2019 |773,959 |1.1195 |19,264 |21,566 |24,890 |27,865 |- |2020 |771,951 |1.1422 |17,699 |20,216 |22,928 |26,188 |- |2021 |767,131 |1.1827 |20,053 |23,717 |26,140 |30,916 |} ==Transport== {{main|Transport in Zagreb}} ===Highways=== {{further|Highways in Croatia}} [[File:Zagrebacki prsten.png|thumb|right|250px|[[Zagreb bypass]] existing and planned routes]] Zagreb is the hub of five major Croatian highways. The highway [[A6 (Croatia)|A6]] was upgraded in October 2008 and leads [[w:A7 (Croatia)#Route description|from Zagreb to Rijeka]], forming a part of the Pan-European Corridor Vb. The upgrade coincided with the opening of the [[Zrinski Bridge|bridge over the Mura river]] on the [[A4 (Croatia)|A4]] and the completion of the Hungarian [[M7 motorway (Hungary)|M7]], which marked the opening of the first freeway corridor between [[Rijeka]] and [[Budapest]].<ref name=arz>{{cite web |url=http://www.product-of-croatia.com/vijest.php?broj=1499 |title=From Zagreb to Rijeka in an hour |date=22 October 2008 |access-date=11 November 2008 |work=Product of Croatia |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110715120400/http://www.product-of-croatia.com/vijest.php?broj=1499 |archive-date=15 July 2011}}</ref> The [[A1 (Croatia)|A1]] starts at the [[Lučko interchange]] and [[Concurrency (road)|concurs]] with the A6 up to the [[Bosiljevo 2 interchange]], connecting Zagreb and [[Split, Croatia|Split]] ({{as of|2008|10}} [[Vrgorac]]). A further extension of the A1 up to [[Dubrovnik]] is under construction{{Update inline|date=July 2020}}. Both highways are tolled by the Croatian highway authorities [[Hrvatske autoceste]] and [[Autocesta Rijeka - Zagreb]].{{citation needed|date=October 2012}} Highway [[A3 (Croatia)|A3]] (formerly named [[Brotherhood and unity|Bratstvo i jedinstvo]]) was the showpiece of Croatia in the [[Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia|SFRY]]. It is the oldest Croatian highway.<ref name="bratstvo-enotnost">{{cite web |publisher=Zbirka.si |url=http://www.zbirka.si/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160311035630/http://www.zbirka.si/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=11 March 2016 |title=PRAZNOVANJE ROJSTNEGA DNE ZA OTROKE – NASVETI! |trans-title=Brotherhood and Unity Motorway |language=sl |access-date=27 August 2015}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref><ref name="RTS-vremeplov">{{cite web |publisher=[[Radio Television of Serbia]] |url=http://www.rts.rs/page/stories/sr/story/125/Dru%C5%A1tvo/602651/Vremeplov+%281.4.2010%29.html |title=Vremeplov |trans-title=Time machine |language=sr |date=1 April 2010 |access-date=17 August 2015 |archive-date=10 August 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160810140018/http://www.rts.rs/page/stories/sr/story/125/Dru%C5%A1tvo/602651/Vremeplov+(1.4.2010).html |url-status=live }}</ref> A3 forms a part of the [[Pan-European Corridor X]]. The highway starts at the [[Bregana]] [[border checkpoint|border crossing]], bypasses Zagreb forming the southern arch of the [[Zagreb bypass]], and ends at [[Lipovac, Vukovar-Srijem County|Lipovac]] near the Bajakovo border crossing. It continues in [[Southeast Europe]] in the direction of [[Near East]]. This highway is tolled except for the stretch between Bobovica and [[Ivanja Reka interchange|Ivanja Reka]] interchanges.<ref name="HAC-A3-prospekt">{{cite web |publisher=Hrvatske autoceste |url=http://www.hac.hr/files/file/brosure/A3_hr.pdf |title=Autocesta A3 – Bregana–Zagreb–Lipovac |trans-title=Motorway A3 – Bregana–Zagreb–Lipovac |date=3 July 2006 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110220231220/http://www.hac.hr/files/file/brosure/A3_hr.pdf |archive-date=20 February 2011 |access-date=21 June 2017}}</ref> Highway [[A2 (Croatia)|A2]] is a part of the [[Pan-European Corridor Xa|Corridor Xa]].<ref name=corridors>{{cite web |url=http://www.seetoint.org/index.php?option=com_rubberdoc&view=doc&id=6&format=raw |title=South East Europe Core Regional Transport Network Development Plan |date=May 2006 |access-date=13 November 2008 |work=South-East Europe Transport Observatory |archive-date=5 October 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111005201048/http://www.seetoint.org/index.php?option=com_rubberdoc&view=doc&id=6&format=raw |url-status=live }}</ref> It connects Zagreb and the frequently congested [[Macelj]] border crossing, forming a near-continuous motorway-level link between Zagreb and [[Western Europe]].<ref name=2000loan>{{cite web |url=http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTCUSTOMPOLICYANDADMIN/Resources/615371-1115072495642/P070088_PAD.pdf |title=Project appraisal document on a proposed loan to the Republic of Croatia |date=27 September 2000 |access-date=13 November 2008 |work=[[World Bank Group|The World Bank]] |archive-date=17 December 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217230924/http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTCUSTOMPOLICYANDADMIN/Resources/615371-1115072495642/P070088_PAD.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> Forming a part of the Corridor Vb, highway [[A4 (Croatia)|A4]] starts in Zagreb forming the northeastern wing of the [[Zagreb bypass]] and leads to Hungary until the [[Goričan]] border crossing. It is often used highway around Zagreb.<ref>{{cite web |title=Autocesta koja koči Hrvatsku |url=http://www.ncs.hr/hr/autocesta_koja_koci_hrvatsku/11758/7_2 |access-date=20 June 2017 |archive-date=29 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170729095021/http://www.ncs.hr/hr/autocesta_koja_koci_hrvatsku/11758/7_2 |url-status=dead}}</ref> <!-- Currently in dispute: A highway tunnel going through the [[Medvednica]] Mountains is in the planning stages and could become Zagreb's main northern transit connection. This project has generated controversy among locals who oppose it. A northern branch of the [[Zagreb bypass]] (''Sjeverna tangenta'') going through the Medvednica Mountains in the northern parts of Zagreb is in planning stages. Due to steep hills, if constructed, this route would make many overpasses and tunnels a necessity thus being very costly. Because of its high controversy and very strong local [[NIMBY]] opposition the success of the project is doubtful. --> The railway and the highway [[A3 (Croatia)|A3]] along the [[Sava]] river that extend to [[Slavonia]] (towards [[Slavonski Brod]], [[Vinkovci]], [[Osijek]] and [[Vukovar]]) are some of the busiest traffic corridors in the country.<ref name=zageb_tran>{{cite web |url=http://www.zagreb-life.com/travel/travel.php |title=Zagreb Transportation |access-date=2 July 2006 |archive-date=28 September 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928131750/http://www.zagreb-life.com/travel/travel.php |url-status=dead}}</ref> The railway running along the [[Sutla]] river and the [[A2 (Croatia)|A2]] highway (Zagreb-[[Macelj]]) running through [[Zagora (Croatia)|Zagorje]], as well as traffic connections with the Pannonian region and Hungary (the [[Hrvatsko Zagorje|Zagorje]] railroad, the roads and railway to [[Varaždin]] – [[Čakovec]] and [[Koprivnica]]) are linked with truck routes.<ref name="hž">{{cite web |url=http://www.hznet.hr/iSite3/lgs.axd?t=16&id=1713 |title=Izvješće o mreži |page=67 |year=2009 |access-date=13 November 2008 |work=[[Croatian Railways]] |language=hr |archive-date=10 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230410060315/https://www.udaljenosti.com/vozni-red-vlakova/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The southern railway connection to [[Split, Croatia|Split]] operates on a high-speed [[tilting train]]s line via the [[Lika]] region (renovated in 2004 to allow for a five-hour journey); a faster line along the [[Una (Sava)|Una]] river valley is in use only up to the border between Croatia and [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]].<ref name="hž"/><ref name=vjesnik_tilting_trains>{{cite web |url=http://ns1.vjesnik.com/html/2004/09/20/Clanak.asp?r=unu&c=1 |title=Nagibni vlakovi više nisu nagibni |date=20 September 2004 |last=Pupačić |first=Tomislav |access-date=13 November 2008 |work=[[Vjesnik]] |language=hr |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20090108164504/http://ns1.vjesnik.com/html/2004/09/20/Clanak.asp?r=unu&c=1 |archive-date=8 January 2009}}</ref> ===Roads=== [[File:Čvor_Lučko_iz_zraka.jpg|thumb|upright=0.9|right|Part of the [[Zagreb bypass]], Lučko interchange is the Zagreb's gateway to the [[Adriatic coast]]]] The city has an extensive [[Boulevard|avenue]] network with numerous main arteries up to ten lanes wide and [[Zagreb bypass]], a congested four-lane [[highway]] encircling most of the city. Finding a parking space is supposed to be made somewhat easier by the construction of new underground multi-story parking lots (Importanne Center, Importanne Gallery, Lang Square, Tuškanac, Kvaternik Square, Klaić Street, etc.). The busiest roads are the main east–west arteries, former [[Brotherhood and Unity Highway|Highway "Brotherhood and Unity"]], consisting of [[Ljubljanska Avenue]], [[Zagrebačka Avenue]] and [[Slavonska Avenue]]; and the Vukovarska Avenue, the closest bypass of the city center. The avenues were supposed to alleviate the traffic problem, but most of them are nowadays gridlocked during rush hour and others, like Branimirova Avenue and Dubrovnik Avenue which are gridlocked for the whole day.<ref>{{cite web |title=PROMETNI KOLAPS Gužve zbog asfaltiranja Avenije Dubrovnik trajat će do kraja kolovoza |date=22 August 2016 |url=http://www.jutarnji.hr/vijesti/zagreb/prometni-kolaps-guzve-zbog-asfaltiranja-avenije-dubrovnik-trajat-ce-do-kraja-kolovoza/4633754/ |access-date=20 June 2017 |archive-date=29 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170729095537/http://www.jutarnji.hr/vijesti/zagreb/prometni-kolaps-guzve-zbog-asfaltiranja-avenije-dubrovnik-trajat-ce-do-kraja-kolovoza/4633754/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Zbog radova velike gužve u Novom Zagrebu, Avenija Dubrovnik djelomično zatvorena do srijede |url=https://www.vecernji.hr/zagreb/zbog-radova-velike-guzve-u-novom-zagrebu-avenija-dubrovnik-djelomicno-zatvorena-do-srijede-1109543 |access-date=20 June 2017 |archive-date=29 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170729132246/https://www.vecernji.hr/zagreb/zbog-radova-velike-guzve-u-novom-zagrebu-avenija-dubrovnik-djelomicno-zatvorena-do-srijede-1109543 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=10 projekata koji bi riješili gradske gužve u Zagrebu – na čekanju |url=https://www.vecernji.hr/zagreb/10-projekata-koji-bi-rijesili-gradske-guzve-na-cekanju-1078136 |access-date=20 June 2017 |archive-date=29 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170729093352/https://www.vecernji.hr/zagreb/10-projekata-koji-bi-rijesili-gradske-guzve-na-cekanju-1078136 |url-status=live }}</ref> [[International E-road network|European routes]] [[European route E59|E59]], [[European route E65|E65]] and [[E70 in Croatia|E70]] serve Zagreb. ====Bridges==== [[File:Domovinski most Zg 0907.JPG|thumb|upright=0.9|right|[[Homeland Bridge]]]] Zagreb has seven road traffic bridges across the [[Sava|river Sava]], and they all span both the river and the [[levee]]s, making them all by and large longer than {{cvt|200|m|ft}}. In downstream order, these are: {|class="wikitable" |- ! Name (English) ! Name (Croatian) ! Year Finished ! Type of bridge ! Road that goes over ! Other Information |- |'''[[#Bridges|Podsused Bridge]]''' |''Podsusedski most'' |1982 |Two-lane road bridge with a commuter train line (not yet completed) |[[Samobor|Samoborska Road]] |Connects Zagreb to its close [[suburb]]s by a road to [[Samobor]], the fastest route to Bestovje, Sveta Nedelja, and Strmec. |- |'''[[#Bridges|Jankomir Bridge]]''' |''Jankomirski most'' |1958, 2006 (upgrade) |Four lane road bridge |[[Ljubljanska Avenue]] |Connects Ljubljanska Avenue to the [[Jankomir interchange]] and [[Zagreb bypass]]. |- |'''[[Adriatic Bridge]]''' |''Jadranski most'' |1981 |Six lane road bridge (also carries [[tram]] tracks) |[[Adriatic Sea|Adriatic Avenue]] |The most famous bridge in Zagreb. The bridge spans from Savska Street in the north to the [[Remetinec Roundabout]] in the south. |- |'''[[#Bridges|Sava Bridge]]''' |''Savski most'' |1938 |Pedestrian since the construction of the Adriatic Bridge |[[Sava|Savska Road]] |The official name at the time of building was ''New'' Sava bridge, but it is the oldest still standing bridge over [[Sava]]. The bridge is known among experts due to some construction details.<ref name=Crnobrnja>{{cite news |url=http://hrcak.srce.hr/index.php?show=clanak&id_clanak_jezik=14235 |via=[[Hrčak]] |title=Bridges across the Sava River in Zagreb |author=Neven Crnobrnja |language=hr |journal=Građevinar |volume=57 |number=12 |year=2006 |publisher=Hrvatski savez građevinskih inženjera |location=Zagreb, Croatia |access-date=20 January 2011 |archive-date=5 August 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120805055429/http://hrcak.srce.hr/index.php?show=clanak&id_clanak_jezik=14235 |url-status=live }}</ref> |- |'''[[Liberty Bridge, Zagreb|Liberty Bridge]]''' |''Most slobode'' |1959 |Four lane road bridge |[[Većeslav Holjevac|Većeslav Holjevac Avenue]] |It used to hold a pair of [[bus lane]]s, but due to the increasing individual traffic and better tram connections across the river, those were converted to normal lanes. |- |'''[[#Bridges|Youth Bridge]]''' |''Most mladosti'' |1974 |Six lane road bridge (also carries tram tracks) |[[Marin Držić Avenue]] |Connects eastern [[Novi Zagreb]] to the districts of [[Trnje, Zagreb|Trnje]], [[Peščenica – Žitnjak|Peščenica]], [[Donja Dubrava, Zagreb|Donja Dubrava]] and [[Maksimir]]. |- |'''[[Homeland Bridge]]''' |''Domovinski most'' |2007 |Four-lane road bridge (also carries two bicycle and two pedestrian lanes; has space reserved for light railroad tracks) |[[Workforce|Radnička (Workers') Road]] |This bridge is the last bridge built on the Sava river to date; it links [[Peščenica – Žitnjak|Peščenica]] via Radnička street to the [[Zagreb bypass]] at Kosnica. It is planned to continue towards [[Zagreb Airport]] at [[Pleso]] and [[Velika Gorica]], and on to state road D31 going to the south. |} There are also two rail traffic bridges across the Sava, one near the Sava bridge and one near [[Mičevec]], as well as two bridges that are part of the [[Zagreb bypass]], one near [[Zaprešić]] (west), and the other near [[Ivanja Reka]] (east). Two additional bridges across the river [[Sava]] are proposed: Jarun Bridge and Bundek Bridge. <!-- NEXT PARAGRAPH COMMENTED OUT BECAUSE THESE ARE NO REAL PROJECTS AT THIS MOMENT (reintroduced a sentence on new bridge proposals) Two additional bridges across the river Sava are planned in 2008: Jarun Bridge and Bundek Bridge (which will most likely be named in honor of [[John Paul II]]).<ref name=zageb_most>{{cite web |url=http://www.poslovni.hr/23823.aspx |title=Two new bridges in Zagreb |work=Poslovni dnevnik |access-date=6 October 2006 |language=hr}}</ref> --><!-- NEXT PARAGRAPH COMMENTED OUT BECAUSE THESE ARE NO REAL PROJECTS AT THIS MOMENT ====Tunnels==== A recent traffic study of Zagreb's city center proposes building seven tunnels underneath the city center.{{cn}} The number of cars in the city center is rising by 4% every year and current traffic levels require a widening of the road infrastructure. A particular problem is [[Ilica (street)|Ilica]] Street, which has high amounts of both cars, tram, and pedestrian traffic. Any widening of this street would take some space from the pedestrians. The tunnels would triple the downtown road capacity and allow the cars to travel at {{cvt|50|km/h}} at [[peak hour]]. The seven tunnels would also help solve the problem of the unfinished [[Sljeme tunnel]], which has been a citywide nuisance for a long time. The proposed tunnels would have an underground interchange near Jabukovac street in the hills north of the city center. Three tunnels (one of which would have two tubes) would connect the future Jabukovac interchange with the city center. Another tunnel would connect Jabukovac to [[Gupčeva zvijezda]], one would go to Zelengaj north of Britanski square and the third one would go to Vončinina Street, about {{cvt|1|km|mi}} east of Jabukovac. There would also be a tunnel connecting Draškovićeva Street to [[Ribnjak, Zagreb]], eliminating the long and often congested bypass which uses smaller streets near [[Žrtava Fašizma Square]]. Should the proposal be accepted, it would take three years to build the tunnels.<ref name=tuneli>{{cite web |url=http://www.sutra.hr/gradski-ritam/tunelima-kroz-centar-zagreba |title=Tunelima kroz centar Zagreba |access-date=27 November 2007 |last=Šimunović |first=Damjan |date=24 November 2007 |work=Sutra.hr |language=hr}}</ref> --> ===Public transportation=== [[File:19-06-16-Zagreb-DJI 0183.jpg|thumb|left|225px|[[Zagreb Glavni kolodvor|Main Railway Station]]]] [[Public transport]]ation in the city is organized in several layers: the inner parts of the city are mostly covered by [[tram]]s, the outer city areas, and closer suburbs are linked with buses and rapid transit [[Zagreb Commuter Rail|commuter rail]]. The public transportation company [[Zagrebački električni tramvaj|ZET]] (''Zagrebački električni tramvaj'', Zagreb Electric Tram) operates trams, all inner bus lines, and most of the suburban bus lines, and it is subsidized by the city council. The national rail operator [[Croatian Railways]] (''Hrvatske željeznice'', HŽ) runs a network of urban and suburban train lines in the metropolitan Zagreb area and is a [[government-owned corporation]]. The [[Zagreb Funicular|Zagreb funicular]] (''uspinjača'') in the historic part of the city is a [[tourist attraction]]. [[Taxicab|Taxi]] market has been liberalized in early 2018<ref>{{cite web |url=https://vlada.gov.hr/vijesti/ministar-butkovic-novim-zakonom-o-prijevozu-u-cestovnom-prometu-jeftiniji-i-dostupniji-taksi-za-sve-gradjane/23630 |title=Ministar Butković: Novim Zakonom o prijevozu u cestovnom prometu jeftiniji i dostupniji taksi za sve građane |publisher=Government of the Republic of Croatia |access-date=20 November 2018 |archive-date=20 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181120140126/https://vlada.gov.hr/vijesti/ministar-butkovic-novim-zakonom-o-prijevozu-u-cestovnom-prometu-jeftiniji-i-dostupniji-taksi-za-sve-gradjane/23630 |url-status=live }}</ref> and numerous transport companies have been allowed to enter the market. Consequently, the prices significantly dropped whereas the service was immensely improved so the popularity of taxis in Zagreb has been increasing. ====Tram network==== {{main|Trams in Zagreb}} {{multiple image | caption_align = center | align = right | direction = vertical | image1 = A Crotram TMK 2200 at Glavni Kolodvor.jpg | caption1 = [[Trams in Zagreb]] | width2 = 200 | image2 = ZG train and tram.jpg | caption2 = [[Zagreb Commuter Rail]] }} Zagreb has an extensive [[tram]] network with 15 day and 4 night lines covering much of the inner- and middle-suburbs of the city. The first tram line was opened on 5 September 1891 and trams have been serving as a vital component of Zagreb mass transit ever since. Trams usually travel at speeds of {{cvt|30|-|50|km/h|0|abbr=off}}, but slow considerably during [[rush hour]]. On narrower streets the tracks are either shared with car traffic or separated by a painted yellow line, which can still be used by taxis, buses and emergency vehicles, whereas on larger avenues the tracks are situated inside [[Reserved track|green belts]]. <!-- NEXT PARAGRAPH COMMENTED OUT BECAUSE THESE ARE NO REAL PROJECTS AT THIS MOMENT Trams connect almost all parts of the city, and a number of new lines have been recently proposed, including to "[[Arena Zagreb|Arena]]", handball stadium in construction, to Vrapce, and [[Zagreb Airport]], the main airport in Zagreb located in the suburb of [[Pleso]]. --> An ambitious program, which entailed replacing old trams with the new and modern ones built mostly in Zagreb by companies [[KONČAR Group|Končar elektroindustrija]] and, to a lesser extent, by [[TŽV Gredelj]], has recently been finished. The new "[[CROTRAM|TMK 2200]]", trams by the end of 2012 made around 95% of the fleet.<ref name=new_series>{{cite web |url=http://www.zet.hr/vijesti/novosti/predstavljen-71-niskopodni-tramvaj.aspx |title=Predstavljen 71. niskopodni tramvaj |access-date=8 January 2008 |date=27 December 2007 |publisher=[[Zagrebački električni tramvaj]] (ZET) |language=hr |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071231084927/http://www.zet.hr/vijesti/novosti/predstavljen-71-niskopodni-tramvaj.aspx |archive-date=31 December 2007 |url-status=dead}}</ref> <!-- NEXT PARAGRAPH COMMENTED OUT BECAUSE THESE ARE NO REAL PROJECTS AT THIS MOMENT --> <!--A second [[light-rail]] or [[metro]] system was proposed in January 2007. The system was envisioned with five lines; three running west-east, and two running north-south converging in the city center. All lines were planned to go underground in the city center. It is unknown whether it will be built or not.--> ====Suburban rail network==== {{main|Zagreb Commuter Rail}} The commuter rail network in Zagreb has existed since 1992. In 2005, suburban rail services were increased to a 15-minute frequency serving the middle and outer suburbs of Zagreb, primarily in the east–west direction and to the southern districts. This has enhanced the commuting opportunities across the city.<ref name=suburban_rail>{{cite web |url=http://www.24sata.hr/index.php?cmd=show_clanak&tekst_id=73771 |title=Zagreb kupuje 18 vlakova za brži prigradski promet |date=1 August 2008 |last=Vojković |first=Ana Marija |access-date=8 December 2008 |language=hr |work=[[24 sata (Croatia)|24 sata]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928005631/http://www.24sata.hr/index.php?cmd=show_clanak&tekst_id=73771 |archive-date=28 September 2011}}</ref> A new link to the nearby town of [[Samobor]] has been announced and is due to start construction in 2014. This link will be [[standard gauge|standard-gauge]] and tie in with normal [[Croatian Railways]] operations. The previous narrow-gauge line to Samobor called ''[[Samoborček]]'' was closed in the 1970s.<ref name="samoborček">{{cite journal |url=http://193.198.60.202/komunalni/arhiva/362/str11.pdf |title=Uskoro Samoborček i novi prigradski vlakovi |language=hr |date=28 November 2007 |access-date=31 July 2008 |journal=Zagrebački Komunalni Vjesnik |issue=362 |page=11 |issn=1845-4968 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080910055608/http://193.198.60.202/komunalni/arhiva/362/str11.pdf |archive-date=10 September 2008}}</ref> ===Air traffic=== {{main|Zagreb Airport}} [[File:Novi_putnički_terminal_.jpg|thumb|250px|[[Zagreb Airport|Franjo Tuđman Airport Zagreb]] new passenger terminal]] [[Zagreb Airport]] {{airport codes|ZAG|LDZA}} is the main Croatian international airport, a {{cvt|17|km|mi}} drive southeast of Zagreb in the city of [[Velika Gorica]]. The airport is also the main Croatian airbase featuring a fighter squadron, helicopters, as well as military and freight [[Cargo aircraft|transport aircraft]].<ref name=zageb_pleso>{{cite web |url=http://www.zagreb-life.com/travel/travel.php |title=Franjo Tuđman Airport terminal |access-date=2 July 2006 |archive-date=28 September 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928131750/http://www.zagreb-life.com/travel/travel.php |url-status=dead}}</ref> The airport had 3.45 million passengers in 2019 with a new passenger terminal being opened in late March 2017 that can accommodate up to 5.5 million passengers, and in 2024 it hit record number of passengers with 4.31 million, making it [[List of the busiest airports in Europe|one of the busiest airports in Europe]]. Zagreb also has a second, smaller airport, [[Lučko]] {{airport codes|2=LDZL}}. It is home to sports aeroplanes and a Croatian special police unit, as well as being a military helicopter airbase. Lučko used to be the main airport of Zagreb from 1947 to 1959.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.zagreb-airport.hr/hr/poslovne_1_3/index.aspx |title=Zagreb Airport – History |access-date=2 October 2008 |language=hr |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080801145700/http://www.zagreb-airport.hr/hr/poslovne_1_3/index.aspx |archive-date=1 August 2008 |url-status=dead}}</ref> A third, small grass airfield, Buševec, is located just outside [[Velika Gorica]]. It is primarily used for sports purposes.<ref name="buševec">{{cite web |url=http://www.vjesnik.com/Html/1999/10/10/Clanak.asp?r=zag&c=2 |title=Usprkos teškoćama leti se dalje |date=10 October 1999 |access-date=31 July 2008 |last=Kosović |first=Vedran |work=[[Vjesnik]] |language=hr |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090108075005/http://www.vjesnik.com/Html/1999/10/10/Clanak.asp?r=zag&c=2 |archive-date=8 January 2009}}</ref> ==Education== Zagreb has 136 [[primary education|primary]] schools and 100 [[secondary education|secondary]] schools including 30 [[gymnasium (school)|gymnasia]].<ref name=mzos_prim_ed>{{cite web |url=http://public.mzos.hr/Default.aspx?sec=2236 |title=Primary schools |publisher=Republic of Croatia, Ministry of science, education and sports |access-date=27 September 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070711194353/http://public.mzos.hr/Default.aspx?sec=2236 |archive-date=11 July 2007}}</ref><ref name=mzos_sec_ed>{{cite web |url=http://public.mzos.hr/Default.aspx?sec=2252 |title=Secondary schools |publisher=Republic of Croatia, Ministry of science, education and sports |access-date=27 September 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071023023302/http://public.mzos.hr/Default.aspx?sec=2252 |archive-date=23 October 2007}}</ref> There are 5 public [[higher education]] institution and 9 private professional higher education schools.<ref name=mzos_higher_ed>{{cite web |url=http://public.mzos.hr/Default.aspx?sec=2511 |title=Higher education institutions |publisher=Republic of Croatia, Ministry of science, education and sports |access-date=3 September 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070609114433/http://public.mzos.hr/Default.aspx?sec=2511 |archive-date=9 June 2007}}</ref> There are 4 International Schools in Zagreb:<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.welcome-center-croatia.com//post/international-schools-in-croatia |title=International Schools in Croatia - All you need to know |website=www.welcome-center-croatia.com |access-date=4 October 2022 |archive-date=4 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221004105613/https://www.welcome-center-croatia.com//post/international-schools-in-croatia |url-status=live }}</ref> *American International School of Zagreb (AISZ) *The Learning Tree International Kindergarten (TLT) *French School in Zagreb *The German School in Zagreb.<ref>{{Cite web |title=International Schools in Croatia - All you need to know |url=https://www.welcome-center-croatia.com//education-in-croatia/international-schools-in-croatia |access-date=2022-07-11 |website=www.welcome-center-croatia.com |language=en |archive-date=11 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220711123508/https://www.welcome-center-croatia.com//education-in-croatia/international-schools-in-croatia |url-status=live }}</ref> === University of Zagreb === {{main|University of Zagreb}} {{further|List of universities in Croatia}} {{multiple image | direction = horizontal | width1 = 160 | image1 = PMF Šalata Zagreb.jpg | caption1 =[[Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb]] | image2 = Academia Croata de Ciencias y Artes, Zagreb, Croacia, 2014-04-20, DD 01.JPG | width2 = 230 | caption2 = [[Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts]] | width3 = 160 | image3 = National and University Library in Zagreb.jpg | caption3 = [[National and University Library in Zagreb|National and University Library]] }} Founded in 1669, the University of Zagreb is the oldest continuously operating university in Croatia and one of the largest<ref>{{cite web |title=About University |url=http://www.unizg.hr/homepage/about-university/ |access-date=23 July 2017 |archive-date=7 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210307224956/http://www.unizg.hr/homepage/about-university/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Croatia: University of Zagreb – KTH |url=https://www.kth.se/en/student/program/utlandsstudier/utbyte/kroatien-university-of-zagreb-1.633106 |access-date=23 July 2017 |archive-date=29 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170729131613/https://www.kth.se/en/student/program/utlandsstudier/utbyte/kroatien-university-of-zagreb-1.633106 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=University of Zagreb – CENTER FOR EUROPEAN EDUCATION |url=http://web.lecee.eu/~new_web/index.php?id=66&L=1 |access-date=23 July 2017 |archive-date=29 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170729093640/http://web.lecee.eu/~new_web/index.php?id=66&L=1 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=University of Zagreb, Croatia – Europe Engage |url=https://europeengage.org/university-of-zagreb-croatia/ |access-date=23 July 2017 |archive-date=29 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170729102002/https://europeengage.org/university-of-zagreb-croatia/ |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=University of Zagreb – Top Universities |url=https://www.topuniversities.com/universities/university-zagreb-2 |access-date=23 July 2017 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170729104911/https://www.topuniversities.com/universities/university-zagreb-2 |archive-date=29 July 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=4th Ensec Conference-Zagreb-Croatia |url=https://www.quovadis.hr/ensec2013/index.php?page=venue |access-date=23 July 2017 |archive-date=5 July 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160705045929/https://www.quovadis.hr/ensec2013/index.php?page=venue |url-status=dead}}</ref> and oldest universities in the Southeastern Europe. Ever since its foundation, the university has been continually growing and developing and now consists of 29 faculties, three art academies and the Croatian Studies Centre. More than 200,000 students have attained the [[Bachelor's degree]] at the university, which has also assigned 18,000 [[Master's degree|Master's]] and 8,000 [[Doctorate|Doctor's degree]]s.<ref name=zg_brief>{{cite web |url=http://www.zagreb.hr/default.aspx?id=1125 |title=Zagreb in brief |access-date=11 November 2008 |work=City of Zagreb |archive-date=9 September 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080909131055/http://www.zagreb.hr/default.aspx?id=1125 |url-status=live }}</ref> {{As of|2011}}, the University of Zagreb is ranked among 500 Best Universities of the world by the Shanghai Academic Ranking of World Universities. Zagreb is the seat of two private universities: the [[Catholic University of Croatia]] and the Libertas International University. It also hosts numerous public and private polytechnics, colleges and higher professional schools.{{which|date=July 2019}} ==Gallery== <gallery mode="packed"> Staritrg.jpg |[[Ban Jelačić Square]] in Zagreb under the [[Habsburgs]], before the 1880 Zagreb earthquake The Zagreb Cathedral renovated according to designs of Hermann Bolle (end of 19 century).jpg|The [[Zagreb Cathedral]] renovated according to designs of [[Hermann Bollé]], between 1902 and 1906 King Tomislav Square in Zagreb postcard, 1929.png|King Tomislav Square 1929 Staritrgburze.jpg|Zagreb in the 1930s BASA-142K-1-488-1-Zagreb.jpeg|Starčević square, first half of the 20th century </gallery> ==Notable people== <!---♦♦♦ Only add a person to this list if they already have their own article on the English Wikipedia ♦♦♦---> <!---♦♦♦ Please keep the list in alphabetical order by LAST NAME ♦♦♦--->[[File:Sanja Ivekovic.JPG|thumb|190x190px|[[Sanja Iveković]]]] [[File:2021 Joško Gvardiol 2 (cropped).jpg|thumb|140px|upright|[[Joško Gvardiol]]]] [[File:Coric RG22 (40) (52144326399).jpg|thumb|140px|upright|[[Borna Ćorić]]]] [[File:Josip Pivarić.jpg|thumb|140px|upright|[[Josip Pivarić]]]] [[File:Nika Muhl.jpg|thumb|140px|upright|[[Nika Mühl]]]] [[File:Sandra Perković (CRO) 2015.jpg|thumb|140px|upright|[[Sandra Perković Elkasević|Sandra Elkasević]]]] [[File:Nina badrić.jpg|thumb|140px|upright|[[Nina Badrić]]]] === Artists === *[[Lea Deutsch]] (1927–1943), child actress *[[Kristina Krepela]] (born 1979), actress *[[Sanja Iveković]] (born 1949), photographer, performer, sculptor and installation artist *[[Jagoda Kaloper]] (1947–2016), painter and actress *[[Igor Kordej]] (born 1957), comic book artist *[[Darko Macan]] (born 1966), writer and illustrator *[[Ivan Meštrović]] (1983–1962), sculptor, architect, and writer *[[Velimir Neidhardt]] (born 1942), architect *[[Vlado Milunić]] (1941–2022), architect, known for designing the [[Dancing House]] in [[Prague]] *[[Vera Nikolić Podrinska]] (1886–1972), painter and baroness *[[Srećko Puntarić]] (born 1952), cartoonist *[[Josip Račić]] (1885–1908), painter *[[Esad Ribić]] (born 1972), comic book artist *[[Goran Sudžuka]] (born 1969), comic book artist *[[Marino Tartaglia]] (1894–1984), painter *[[Vladimir Varlaj]] (1895–1962), artist *[[Zdravko Zupan]] (1950–2015), comic book creator and historian === Footballers === *[[Milan Badelj]] (born 1989), football player *[[Josip Brekalo]] (born 1998), football player *[[Marcelo Brozović]] (born 1992), football player *[[Tomislav Butina]] (born 1974), football player *[[Ivan Čunčić]] (born 1985), football player *[[Joško Gvardiol]] (born 2002), football player *[[Tin Jedvaj]] (born 1995), football player *[[Josip Juranović]] (born 1995), football player *[[Andrej Kramarić]] (born 1991), football player *[[Niko Kranjčar]] (born 1984), football player *[[Jerko Leko]] (born 1980), football player *[[Lovro Majer]] (born 1998), football player *[[Jasmin Mujdža]] (born 1974), football player *[[Mensur Mujdža]] (born 1984), football player *[[Mislav Oršić]] (born 1992), football player *[[Dubravko Pavličić]] (1967–2012), football player *[[Josip Pivarić]] (born 1989), football player *[[Marko Pjaca]] (born 1995), football player *[[Dario Šimić]] (born 1975), football player *[[Zvonimir Soldo]] (born 1967), football player *[[Bernard Vukas]] (1927–1983), football player === Other sportspeople === *[[Vasilije Calasan]] (born 1981), French racing driver *[[Marin Čolak]] (born 1984), racing driver *[[Borna Ćorić]] (born 1996), tennis player *[[Krešimir Ćosić]] (1948–1995), basketball player *[[Danko Cvjetićanin]] (born 1963), basketball player *[[Josip Glasnović]] (born 1983), sports shooter, [[Summer Olympics|Olympic]] gold medal winner *[[Zlatko Horvat]] (born 1984), handball player *[[Filip Hrgović]] (born 1992), professional boxer *[[Ivo Karlović]] (born 1979), tennis player *[[Nenad Kljaić]] (born 1966), handball player *[[Vjekoslav Kobešćak]] (born 1974), water polo player and coach *[[Ivica Kostelić]] (born 1979), alpine ski racer *[[Janica Kostelić]] (born 1982), alpine ski racer, four-time [[Winter Olympic Games|Olympic]] gold medalist *[[Luka Lončar]] (born 1987), water polo player *[[Iva Majoli]] (born 1977), tennis player *[[Nikola Mektić]] (born 1988), tennis player, [[Summer Olympics|Olympic]] gold medal winner *[[Nika Mühl]] (born 2001), basketball player *[[Mirko Novosel]] (born 1938), basketball player *[[Tomislav Paškvalin]] (born 1961), water polo player *[[Sandra Elkasević]] (born 1990), discus thrower, won two gold medals at the [[Summer Olympics]] *[[Dubravko Šimenc]] (born 1966), water polo player *[[Martin Sinković]] (born 1989), rower, [[Summer Olympics|Olympic]] gold medal winner *[[Valent Sinković]] (born 1988), rower, [[Summer Olympics|Olympic]] gold medal winner *[[Tin Srbić]] (born 1996), artistic gymnast *[[Manuel Štrlek]] (born 1988), handball player *[[Igor Vori]] (born 1980), handball player *[[Vedran Zrnić]] (born 1979), handball player === Military === *[[Haim Bar-Lev]] (1924–1994), Israeli general and politician === Music === *[[Zlatko Baloković]] (1895–1965), violinist *[[Josipa Lisac]] (born 1950), Croatian singer *[[Tajči]] (born 1970), Croatian singer, television show host *[[Miljenko Matijević]] (born 1964), singer-songwriter; the lead vocalist of rock band [[Steelheart]] *[[Zinka Milanov]] (1906–1989), operatic spinto soprano *[[Nina Badrić]] (born 1972), pop singer-songwriter *[[Lana Jurčević]] (born 1984), pop singer *[[Antonija Šola]] (born 1979), musician, singer-songwriter, lyricist, actress and music producer *[[Sanja Doležal]] (born 1963), pop singer and television host, member of the pop music band [[Novi fosili]] *[[Ana Rucner]] (born 1983), Croatian cellist === Religion === *[[Mihalj Šilobod Bolšić]] (1724–1787), [[Roman Catholic]] priest, mathematician, writer, and musical theorist primarily known for writing the first Croatian arithmetic textbook ''Arithmatika Horvatzka'' (published in Zagreb, 1758) *[[Miroslav Šalom Freiberger]] (1903–1943), chief rabbi and writer *[[Josip Juraj Strossmayer]] (1815–1905), politician, Roman Catholic bishop, and benefactor === Science and humanities === *[[File:Soljacic apr2023.jpg|thumb|180x180px|[[Marin Soljačić]], physicist]][[Ivan Đikić]] (born 1966), molecular biologist, director of the Institute of Biochemistry II at [[Goethe University Frankfurt]] *[[Mario Jurić]] (born 1979), astronomer *[[Vesna Girardi-Jurkić]] (1944–2012), archeologist and museologist *[[Dragutin Gorjanović-Kramberger]] (1856–1936), geologist, paleontologist, and archeologist *[[Milan Kangrga]] (1923–2008), philosopher *[[Radoslav Katičić]] (1930–2019), linguist, classical philologist *[[Nada Klaić]] (1920–1988), historian *[[Ivo Kolin]] (1924–2007), inventor *[[Zdravko Lorković]] (1900–1998), biologist, entomologist and geneticist *[[Ranko Matasović]] (born 1968), linguist *[[Ivo Pilar]] (1874–1933), historian, politician, publicist and lawyer *[[Martin Previšić]] (born 1984), historian *[[Vesna Pusić]] (born 1953), sociologist and politician *[[Marin Soljačić]] (born 1974), physicist and electrical engineer *[[Rudi Supek]] (1913–1993), sociologist and philosopher *[[Goran Švob]] (1947–2013), philosopher and logician *[[Josip Torbar (scientist)|Josip Torbar]] (1824–1900), natural scientist *[[Hrvoje Turković]] (born 1943), film theorist *[[Ljudevit Vukotinović]] (1813–1893), politician, writer and naturalist *[[Milena Žic-Fuchs]] (born 1954), linguist === Writers === *[[Tituš Brezovački]] (1757–1805), playwright, satirist and poet *[[August Cesarec]] (1893–1941), writer *[[Bora Ćosić]] (born 1932), writer *[[Dimitrija Demeter]] (1811–1872), writer *[[Daša Drndić]] (1946–2018), writer *[[Zoran Ferić]] (born 1961), writer *[[Branko Gavella]] (1885–1962), theater director and essayist *[[Miroslav Krleža]] (1893–1981), writer, considered the greatest Croatian writer of the 20th century *[[Antun Mihanović]] (1796–1861), poet and lyricist, wrote the [[national anthem of Croatia]] *[[August Šenoa]] (1838–1881), novelist *[[Sunčana Škrinjarić]] (1931–2004), writer, poet and journalist *[[Davor Slamnig]] (born 1956), writer and musician *[[Slobodan Šnajder]] (born 1948), writer and publicist ==See also== *[[Museum of Illusions]] *[[Zagreb funicular]] * [[Ilica (typeface)]] * [[Zagreb metropolitan area]] ==Notes== <references group="nb"/> {{notelist}} ==References== {{reflist}} ==Further reading== * {{Cite book |date=10 July 2006 |last1=Cresswell |first1=Peterjon |last2=Atkins |first2=Ismay |last3=Dunn |first3=Lily |title=Time Out Croatia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VZweAAAACAAJ |publisher=Time Out Group Ltd & Ebury Publishing, [[Random House|Random House Ltd.]] 20 Vauxhall Bridge Road, London SV1V 2SA |edition=First |location=London, Berkeley & Toronto |isbn=978-1-904978-70-1}} * {{cite magazine |date=1986 |first=Inga |last=Lisac |title=Kisele oborine u Zagrebu |pages=276–277 |magazine=Priroda: popularni časopis hrvatskog prirodoslovnog društva |issn=0351-0662 |volume=74 |issue=9–10 |url=http://library.foi.hr/lib/casopis.php?sqlx=S00001&H=&E=&lok=&broj=198609-10&sqlid=1 |trans-title=Acid Rain in Zagreb}} ==External links== {{Sister project links|Zagreb|voy=Zagreb}} *[http://www.zagreb.hr/default.aspx?id=1979 Zagreb – Official website] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160725205155/http://www.zagreb.hr/default.aspx?id=1979 |date=25 July 2016 }} *{{Official Facebook page|zagreb.hr}} *[http://www.infozagreb.hr/ Zagreb Tourist Board] *[https://www.zv.hr/en Zagreb Fair] {{S-start}} {{S-bef|before=[[Rotterdam]], Netherlands (1953)}} {{S-ttl|title=[[World Gymnaestrada]] host city|years=1957}} {{S-aft|after=[[Stuttgart]], [[West Germany]] (1961)}} {{S-bef|before=[[Kobe]], Japan (1985)}} {{S-ttl|title=[[Universiade]] host city|years=1987}} {{S-aft|after=[[Duisburg]], [[West Germany]] (1989)}} {{S-end}} {{Geographic location |Centre = Zagreb |North = [[Varaždin]] |Northeast = [[Bjelovar]] |East = [[Dugo Selo]] |Southeast = [[Velika Gorica]] |South = [[Odra, Zagreb|Odra]] |Southwest = [[Karlovac]] |West = [[Samobor]] |Northwest = [[Zaprešić]] }} {{Zagreb}} {{Zagreb history}} {{Subdivisions of the City of Zagreb}} {{County seats of Croatia}} {{Counties of Croatia}} {{Croatian cities}} {{List of European capitals by region}} {{Hero Cities of SFRJ}} {{Authority control}} {{Portal bar|Geography|Europe|Croatia}} [[Category:Zagreb| ]]<!--please leave the empty space as standard--> [[Category:Capitals in Europe]] [[Category:Cities and towns in Croatia]] [[Category:Counties of Croatia]] [[Category:Former counties of Croatia]] [[Category:Populated places in the City of Zagreb]] [[Category:Populated places on the Sava]] [[Category:Populated places established in the 11th century]] [[Category:11th-century establishments in Croatia]] [[Category:1094 establishments in Europe]] [[Category:Zagreb County (former)]]
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