Editing Yury of Moscow

{{short description|Prince of Moscow (1303–1325)}}
{{family name hatnote|Danilovich||lang=Eastern Slavic}}
{{More citations needed|date=May 2009}}
{{Infobox royalty
| name         = Yury I
| image        = Jurij of Moscov.jpg
| caption      = 
| reign        = 1303–1325
| succession   = [[List of Russian rulers#Grand Princes of Moscow|Prince of Moscow]]
| predecessor  = [[Daniel of Moscow]]|
| successor    = [[Ivan I of Moscow|Ivan I]]
| spouse       = Konchaka
| issue        = 
| house        = [[Rurikids|Rurik]]
| house-type   = Dynasty
| father       = [[Daniel of Moscow]]
| mother       = 
| birth_date   = 1281
| birth_place  = [[Moscow]], [[Principality of Moscow]], [[Vladimir-Suzdal]]
| death_date   = November 21, 1325 (aged 44–45)
| death_place  = 
| date of burial = 
| place of burial = 
| succession5  = [[Grand Prince of Vladimir]]
| predecessor5 = [[Mikhail Yaroslavich]]
| successor5   = [[Dmitry of Tver]]
| reign5       = 1318–1322
| religion     = [[Russian Orthodox Church|Russian Orthodox]]
}}

'''Yury (Georgy) Danilovich'''{{efn|Also spelled '''Yuri Daniilovich'''{{sfn|Halperin|1987|pp=71, 131}}}} ({{langx|ru|Юрий (Георгий) Данилович}}; 1281 – 21 November 1325) was [[Prince of Moscow]] from 1303 to 1325 and [[Grand Prince of Vladimir]] from 1318 to 1322.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Borrero |first1=Mauricio |title=Russia: a reference guide from the Renaissance to the present |date=2004 |publisher=Facts On File |location=New York |isbn=978-0816044542 |page=393}}</ref> He contested the title of [[Grand Prince of Vladimir]] with his uncle [[Mikhail of Tver]]. As [[Daniel of Moscow|Yury's father]] had never held the title, he had no legitimate claim. Despite two failed campaigns by Mikhail to subdue Yury, the latter allied with the [[Golden Horde]] and married the khan's sister Konchaka. However, he never had any children with her and was made grand prince after Mikhail's execution in 1318.

Yury faced resistance and difficulties in collecting tribute for the Horde, prompting several punitive expeditions. In 1322, Mikhail's son [[Dmitry of Tver]] accused him of embezzlement and obtained the grand princely title. Dmitry also succeeded in killing Yury. Before his death, Yury led a campaign against the [[Kingdom of Sweden (800–1521)|Swedes]] and founded a fort at the [[Neva River]].

== Biography ==
=== Early life ===
Yury was the oldest son of [[Daniel of Moscow]], the first [[prince of Moscow]] and progenitor of the ''Daniilovichi''.{{sfn|Martin|2004|p=428}} His first military action was to defend [[Pereslavl-Zalessky]] against the [[grand prince of Vladimir]], [[Andrey of Gorodets]]. 

=== Conflict with Mikhail of Tver ===
After his father Daniel died in 1303, Yury became prince of Moscow, and contended over the title of grand prince of Vladimir (the supreme position among princes in the northeast) with his uncle [[Mikhail of Tver]].{{sfn|Martin|2007|p=193}} Because Daniel had never been grand prince of Vladimir,{{sfn|Martin|2007|p=193}} his descendants, including his son Yury, had no legitimate claim to the throne of Vladimir according to traditional succession practices.{{sfn|Martin|2007|p=193}} This is why the [[Golden Horde]]'s khan, [[Tokhta]], granted Mikhail of Tver the grand princely title when Andrey of Gorodets died the next year on 27 July 1304.{{sfn|Martin|2007|p=193}} Mikhail went to the Golden Horde's capital city [[Sarai (city)|Sarai]], where the khan elevated him grand prince.{{cn|date=May 2023}} His nephew Yury rebelled against this appointment, but two military campaigns by Mikhail of Tver against Moscow in 1305 and 1308 forced Yury to comply with the khan's decision.{{sfn|Martin|2007|p=194}} The Tverian army besieged Pereslavl and Moscow itself.{{cn|date=May 2023}}

In the meantime, Yury arranged the murder of Prince Konstantin of [[Ryazan Principality|Ryazan]]. This unlucky ruler had been captured by Yury's father back in 1302 and had been incarcerated in Moscow since then. While Ryazan was shocked by such a barbarity, Yury annexed the key Ryazanian fortress of [[Kolomna]] to Moscow. He also captured [[Mozhaisk]], which formerly belonged to the princes of [[Smolensk]]. By 1314, Yury secured backing from the [[Peter of Moscow|Metropolitan Peter]] and formed a military alliance with [[Novgorod]]<!---Velikiy or Nizhny?---> against Tver. Now, he felt strong enough to challenge Mikhail of Tver in the Horde.{{cn|date=May 2023}}

In 1315, Yury went to the [[Golden Horde]] and, after spending two years there, constructed an alliance with [[Uzbeg Khan]]. Yury married the khan's sister Konchaka,{{sfn|Halperin|1987|p=71}} a [[Tatars|Tatar]] princess{{sfn|Halperin|1987|p=131}} who converted to [[Russian Orthodoxy|Russian Orthodox Christianity]] for her marriage to Yury, and adopted "Agafiia" as her baptismal name.{{sfn|Halperin|1987|p=71}} Uzbeg Khan deposed Mikhail and nominated Yury as the Grand Prince of Vladimir.{{sfn|Halperin|1987|p=71}} Back in Moscow with a large force of Tatars, Yury approached [[Tver]]. However, Yuri's army was defeated and his brother Boris and his wife were taken prisoners. Thereupon he fled to Novgorod and sued for peace. At that time his wife, still held in Tver as a hostage, died unexpectedly. Yury availed himself of the confusion that followed and announced to the khan that she had been poisoned on Mikhail's order. Uzbeg Khan summoned both princes to Sarai and, after a trial, had Mikhail executed on 22 November 1318.{{sfn|Martin|2007|p=195}} Yury, who both depended on and benefited from Uzbeg Khan's favour, was allowed to be the grand prince of Vladimir for the next four years (1318–1322).{{sfn|Martin|2007|p=195}}

=== Last years ===
Yury returned to Suzdalia in 1319, spending much time in Novgorod.{{sfn|Martin|2007|p=195}} He was fiercely resisted by other princes and populace alike, as his appointment to grand prince was considered illegitimate.{{sfn|Martin|2007|p=195}} Now entrusted with the task of gathering tribute to the Horde, Yury faced much opposition; Uzbeg sent no fewer than four punitive expeditions to the northeastern principalities of Rus' during Yury's last two years as grand prince (1320–1322) in order to enforce their joint authority.{{sfn|Martin|2007|p=195}} In particular, Mikhail's son and successor, [[Dmitry of Tver|Dmitry "the Terrible Eyes" of Tver]], still opposed him. In 1322,{{sfn|Martin|2007|p=195}} Dmitry, seeking revenge for his father's murder,{{cn|date=May 2023}} went to Sarai{{sfn|Martin|2007|p=195}} and persuaded the khan that Yury had appropriated a large portion of the tribute due to the Horde.{{cn|date=May 2023}} Uzbek granded Dmitry the patent for grand prince of Vladimir.{{sfn|Martin|2007|p=195}} Yury was summoned to the Horde for a trial but, before any formal investigation, was killed by Dmitry. Eight months later, Dmitry was also executed in the Horde.<ref>John Fennell, "Princely Executions in the Horde 1308-1339," ''Forschungen zur Osteuropaischen Geschichte'' 38 (1988), 9-19.</ref> In early 1326,  Yury's remains were returned to Moscow and buried by the bishops of the [[Russian Orthodox Church]] headed by [[Peter of Moscow|Metropolitan Peter]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Fennell |first1=John |title=The Emergence of Moscow, 1304-1359 |date=September 2022 |isbn=978-0-520-34758-8 |page=102 |publisher=Univ of California Press |url=https://www.ucpress.edu/book/9780520347588/the-emergence-of-moscow-1304-1359 |language=en}}</ref>

Shortly before his death, Yury led the army of Novgorod to fight the [[Sweden|Swedes]] and founded a fort in the mouth of the [[Neva River]]. Upon signing the [[Treaty of Orekhovo]] in 1323, Yury continued eastward and conquered [[Velikiy Ustyug]] the same year.{{cn|date=May 2023}}

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== Bibliography ==
* {{cite book |last=Halperin|first=Charles J.|year=1987| title=Russia and the Golden Horde: The Mongol Impact on Medieval Russian History |pages=222 |publisher=Indiana University |isbn=9781850430575}} (e-book).
* {{cite book |title=Medieval Russia: 980–1584 |last=Martin |first=Janet |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sRCc3TtL9bIC |year=2004 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |location=Cambridge |isbn=9780521368322 |access-date=11 October 2015 |archive-date=23 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230423152842/https://books.google.com/books?id=sRCc3TtL9bIC |url-status=live }}
* {{cite book |title=Medieval Russia: 980–1584. Second Edition. E-book |last=Martin |first=Janet |url=https://www.ebooks.com/en-us/book/802816/medieval-russia-980-1584/janet-martin/ |year=2007 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |location=Cambridge |isbn=978-0-511-36800-4}}

{{S-start}}
{{s-reg}}
{{succession box |
  before=[[Daniel of Moscow|Daniel]] |
  title=[[Prince of Moscow]] |
  years=1303–1325 |
  after=[[Ivan I of Moscow|Ivan I]]
}}
{{succession box |
  before=[[Mikhail of Tver]] |
  title=[[Grand Prince of Vladimir]] |
  years=1318–1322 |
  after=[[Dmitry of Tver]]
}}
{{S-end}}

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Yury Of Moscow}}
[[Category:1281 births]]
[[Category:1325 deaths]]
[[Category:14th-century grand princes of Moscow]]
[[Category:14th-century murdered monarchs]]
[[Category:13th-century princes from Kievan Rus']]
[[Category:Grand princes of Vladimir]]
[[Category:Murdered Russian monarchs]]
[[Category:Daniilovichi family]]
[[Category:Assassinated Russian politicians]]