Editing Yunus Emre

{{Short description|Turkish Sufi and folk poet (1238–1320)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2024}}
{{Infobox religious biography
| era                = 13th–14th centuries
| name               = Yûnus Emre
| native_name        = يونس امره
| native_name_lang   = otm
| image              = Karaman Yunus Emre monument 4725.jpg
| caption            = Statue of Yûnus Emre in Karaman, Turkey
| honorific-prefix   = 
| birth_date         = 1238
| birth_place        = Sarıköy near [[Sivrihisar]],{{sfn|Güzel|Oğuz|Karatay|2002|p=672}}{{sfn|Ambros|2002|p=349}} [[Sultanate of Rum]], now [[Turkey]]
| death_date         = 1320
| death_place        = [[Yunusemre, Mihalıçcık|Yunusemre]] (formerly Saru), [[Rise of the Ottoman Empire|Ottoman Beylik]], now [[Turkey]]
| father             = 
| ethnicity          = 
| period             = 13th and 14th century
| known_for          = [[Sufism]], [[Diwan (poetry)|Diwan]] in [[Old Anatolian Turkish]]
| works              = 
| influences         = [[Tapduk Emre]], [[Rumi]], [[Ahmed Yesevi]], [[Haji Bektash Veli]], [[Ahi Evren]], [[Sarı Saltık]]
| influenced         = 
| religion           = [[Islam]]
}}
'''Yunus Emre''' ({{IPA|tr|juːˈnus emˈɾe}}), also known as '''Derviş Yûnus''' (Yûnus the [[Dervish]]) (1238–1320) ([[Old Anatolian Turkish]]: يونس امره), was a [[Turkish people|Turkish]] [[folk poetry|folk poet]] and [[Sufism|Sufi]] who greatly influenced Turkish culture. The [[UNESCO]] General Conference unanimously passed a resolution declaring 1991, the 750th anniversary of the poet's birth, International Yunus Emre Year.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Rapture and Revolution|last=Halman|first=Talat|publisher=Syracusa University Press, Crescent Hill Publications|year=2007|pages=316}}</ref>

==Biography==
{{Sufism|Notable early}}
Yunus Emre has exercised immense influence on Turkish literature, because Yunus Emre is, after [[Ahmed Yesevi]] and [[Sultan Walad]], one of the first known poets to have composed works in the spoken [[Old Anatolian Turkish]].{{citation needed|date=February 2025}} His diction remains very close to the popular speech of the people in Central and Western [[Anatolia]]. This is also the language of a number of anonymous folk-poets, folk-songs, fairy tales, riddles (''Hayran''), and proverbs.{{citation needed|date=February 2025}}

Like the [[Oghuz languages|Oghuz]] ''[[Book of Dede Korkut]]'', an older and anonymous [[Central Asia]]n epic that inspired Yunus Emre in his occasional use of ''Hayran'' as a poetic device had been handed down orally to him and his contemporaries. This strictly oral tradition continued for a long while.<ref>Edouard Roditi. "Western and Eastern Themes in the Poetry of Yunus Emre", ''Journal of Comparative Poetics'', No. 5, The Mystical Dimension in Literature (Spring, 1985), p. 27</ref> Following the [[Mongol Empire|Mongolian]] invasion of [[Anatolia]], facilitated by the [[Sultanate of Rûm]]'s defeat at the 1243 [[Battle of Köse Dağ]], Islamic mystic literature thrived in Anatolia; Yunus Emre became one of its most distinguished poets. He remains a popular figure in a number of countries, stretching from [[Azerbaijan]] to the [[Balkans]], with seven different and widely dispersed localities disputing the privilege of having his tomb within their boundaries. 

His poems, written in the tradition of [[Turkish folk literature|Anatolian folk poetry]], mainly concern [[divine love]] as well as [[Predestination in Islam|human destiny]]:
{{Verse translation|
''Yunus'dur benim adım''
''Gün geçtikçe artar odum''
''İki cihanda maksûdum''
''Bana seni gerek seni.''<ref>Cevdet Kudret. ''Yunus Emre''. Ankara: İnkılâp Kitabevi, 2003. {{ISBN|975-10-2006-9}}, p. 58</ref>
|
My name is Yunus,
Each passing day fans and rouses my flame,
What I desire in both worlds is the same:
You're the One I need, You're the One I crave.<ref>Grace Martin Smith. ''The Poetry of Yūnus Emre, A Turkish Sufi Poet''. Berkeley and Los Angeles: [[University of California Press]], 1993. {{ISBN|0-520-09781-5}}, p. 124</ref>}}
and a poem about [[Muhammad]], [[Ali ibn Abu Talib|Ali]], [[Hasan ibn Ali|Hasan]] and [[Hussein ibn Ali|Husayn]]:
{{Verse translation|
''Araya araya bulsam izini''
''İzinin tozuna sürsem yüzümü''
''Hak nasip eylese, görsem yüzünü''
''Ya Muhammed canım arzular seni''

''Bir mübarek sefer olsa da gitsem''
''Kâbe yollarında kumlara batsam''
''Mâh cemalin bir kez düşte seyretsem''
''Ya Muhammed canım pek sever seni''

''Ali ile Hasan-Hüseyin anda''
''Sevgisi gönülde, muhabbet canda''
''Yarın mahşer günü hak divanında''
''Ya Muhammed canım pek sever seni''

''"Yunus" senin medhin eder dillerde''
''Dillerde, dillerde, hem gönüllerde''
''Arayı arayı gurbet illerde''
''Ya Muhammed canım arzular seni''
|
By constantly searching, I would find the trace of you
I would rub my face in the dust of your trace
If God would grant me, I would see your face
O Muhammad, my soul desires you

If there was a blessed journey I would go
Sink in the sand on the way to the Kaaba I would
Watch your beauty once in a dream I would
O Muhammad, my soul loves you so

Ali, and Hasan and Husayn at the same time
Their love is in the heart, fondness in the soul
On the Day of Resurrection, in the Court of the Truth tomorrow
O Muhammad, my soul loves you so

"Yunus" praises you on tongues
On tongues, on tongues, and also in hearts
By constantly searching in foreign parts
O Muhammad, my soul desires you
}}

==In popular culture==
Yunus Emre was the focus of ''[[Yunus Emre: Aşkın Yolculuğu]]'', a two-season 44-episode fictional drama based on his life, premiering in 2015 on Turkish National Television ([[TRT 1|TRT]]), created by [[Mehmet Bozdağ]], and starring Gökhan Atalay as Yunus Emre. Yunus Emre has also been the focus of a film and a song; his representations in popular culture include:
* ''[[Yunus Emre: Aşkın Yolculuğu]]'' – A two-season 44-episode fictional drama based on the life of Yunus Emre, premiering in 2015 on Turkish National Television ([[TRT 1|TRT]]).
* ''Yunus Emre: Aşkın Sesi'' – A 2014 Turkish film based on Yunus Emre's life starring [[Devrim Evin]] in the lead role.
* ''Adımız Miskindir Bizim'' – A 1973 psychedelic [[folk-rock]] song by [[MFÖ|Mazhar ve Fuat]], with lyrics belongs to Yunus Emre.
* ''Yûnus Emre Divânı 1''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://open.spotify.com/album/78EAEQBhGy8tUAFpx90tRk/|title=Yûnus Emre Divânı 1|date=2021|website=spotify.co|language=tr|access-date=2023-04-09}}</ref> – A 2021 album based on four poems: ''Şükür Şükür Ol Çalab'a, Hak'dan Gelen Şerbeti, Cânlar Cânını Buldum and Biz Dünyadan Gider Olduk'' by Yunus Emre was produced by the group [[An'dan İçeri]], with music from Turkish composer [[Tuncay Korkmaz]].

== International legacy ==
In [[Ashgabat]] (Turkmenistan),a street was named after Yunus Emre and three monuments were erected (in the Parahat-1 microdistrict, in the [[Inspiration Park]] and in the Magtymguly Park<ref>{{cite web | url=https://turkmenistan.gov.tm/en/post/84252/literary-voyage-through-magtymguly-fragi-cultural-and-park-complex | title=Literary voyage through the Magtymguly Fragi cultural and park complex | date=29 May 2024 }}</ref>).

==Gallery==
<gallery>
File:200 Türk Lirası reverse.jpg|Reverse of the 200-[[Turkish lira|lira]] banknote (2009)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tcmb.gov.tr/yeni/eng/|title=Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey|access-date=20 September 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090615060512/http://www.tcmb.gov.tr/yeni/eng/|archive-date=15 June 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tcmb.gov.tr/yeni/banknote/E9/200tle.htm|title=E 9 – Two Hundred Turkish Lira I. Series|access-date=20 September 2014}}</ref>
File:Image-Yunus-Emre-Brunnen Wien-02.jpg|Detail of the Yunus Emre Fountain in the {{ill|Türkenschanzpark|de}}, [[Vienna]], [[Austria]]
File:Yunus Emre Memorial, Karaman, Turkey.jpg|Yunus Emre Memorial, [[Karaman, Turkey|Karaman]], [[Turkey]]
File:Yunus Emre.JPG|Yunus Emre Statue in [[Büyükçekmece]], [[Istanbul]], Turkey
File:Yunus Emre Enstitüsü Budapest.jpg|Yunus Emre Enstitüsü Budapest
</gallery>

==See also==
* [[Yunus Emre: Aşkın Yolculuğu]]
* [[Sufism]]
* [[Turkish folk literature]]
* [[Karacaoğlan]]
* [[Yunus Emre Institute]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==Sources==
*{{EI2 |volume=11|title=Yunus Emre |first=Edith G. |last=Ambros |pages=349-350 }}
*{{cite book |title=The Turks: Middle ages |volume=2 |editor-first1=Hasan Celâl |editor-last1=Güzel |editor-first2=Cem |editor-last2=Oğuz |editor-first3=Osman |editor-last3=Karatay |year=2002 |publisher=Yeni Türkiye }}
* {{TDV Encyclopedia of Islam|url=https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/yunus-emre |title=YÛNUS EMRE|last=Tatcı|first=Mustafa|volume= 43|pages=600—606}}

==External links==
{{commons category}}
* Turkish television series (2015-), [https://historinhasparadormir.com/ episode list at IMDb: [https://www.imdb.com/title/tt4833638/episodes?season=1 Season 1, episodes 1-22] & [https://www.imdb.com/title/tt4833638/episodes?season=2 Season 2, episodes 1-22, 23]
* [http://www.lightmillennium.org/summer_fall_01/yunus_emre_humanism.html Yunus Emre's Humanism]
* [http://www.stwing.upenn.edu/~durduran/yunus/yunus4.html Yunus Emre & Humanism (short)]
* [https://www.encyclopedia.com/arts/culture-magazines/mystical-poetry-yunus-emre Mystical Poetry Of Yunus Emre]
* {{Librivox author |id=8697}}

{{Literature of Turkey}}
{{Sufi}}
{{Islamic philosophy|state=expanded}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Emre, Yunus}}
[[Category:Turkish poets]]
[[Category:1238 births]]
[[Category:1321 deaths]]
[[Category:Date of birth unknown]]
[[Category:Turkish Sufis]]
[[Category:Sufi poets]]