Editing Youngstown, Ohio

{{Redirect|Youngstown}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=July 2023}}
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| name               = Youngstown
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| image1                   = Youngstown skyline Wean Park.jpg
| caption1                 = [[Downtown Youngstown]]
| image2                   = Downtown Youngstown Federal Night.jpg
| caption2                 = [[Metropolitan Tower (Youngstown)|Metropolitan Tower]]
| image3                   = Mill Creek Park Lanterman's Mill.jpg
| caption3                 = [[Mill Creek Park]]
| image4                   = JonesHall.jpg
| caption4                 = [[Youngstown State University]]
| image5                   = HENRY H STAMBAUGH MEMORIAL AUDITORIUM . FRONT ENTRANCE.jpg
| caption5                 = [[Stambaugh Auditorium]]
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| map_caption          = Interactive map of Youngstown
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| coordinates        = {{coord|41|6|N|80|39|W|region:US-OH_type:city|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type   = Country
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| subdivision_type1  = [[U.S. state|State]]
| subdivision_type2  = [[List of counties in Ohio|County]]
| subdivision_name1  = {{Flag|Ohio|size=23px}}
| subdivision_name2  = [[Mahoning County, Ohio|Mahoning]], [[Trumbull County, Ohio|Trumbull]]
| established_title  = Founded
| established_date   = 1796
| established_title2 = Incorporated
| established_date2  = 1848 ([[Village (United States)|village]])
| established_title3 = &nbsp;
| established_date3  = 1867 ([[city]])
| founder            = [[John Young (pioneer)|John Young]]
| named_for          = John Young
| government_type    = [[Mayor–council government|Mayor–council]]
| governing_body     = Council of the City of Youngstown
| leader_title       = [[List of mayors of Youngstown, Ohio|Mayor]]
| leader_name        = Jamael Tito Brown ([[Democratic Party (United States)|D]])<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://youngstownohio.gov/mayor_profile|title = City of Youngstown, Ohio}}</ref>
| unit_pref          = Imperial
| area_footnotes     = <ref name="TigerWebMapServer">{{cite web|title=ArcGIS REST Services Directory|url=https://tigerweb.geo.census.gov/arcgis/rest/services/TIGERweb/Places_CouSub_ConCity_SubMCD/MapServer|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=September 20, 2022}}</ref>
| area_total_km2     = 89.52
| area_total_sq_mi   = 34.56
| area_land_km2      = 87.87
| area_water_km2     = 1.64
| area_land_sq_mi    = 33.93
| area_water_sq_mi   = 0.64
| population_total   = 60068
| population_as_of   = [[2020 United States census|2020]]
| population_footnotes =
| population_est     = 59123 {{loss}}
| pop_est_as_of      = 2024
| pop_est_footnotes  = <ref name="USCensusQuickFacts">{{cite web |title=Youngstown city, Ohio |work=QuickFacts |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] |url=https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/youngstowncityohio |access-date=May 15, 2025 }}</ref>
| population_density_km2 = 683.56
| population_density_sq_mi = 1770.40
| population_urban   = 320,901 ([[List of United States urban areas|US: 127th]])<ref name="urban area">{{cite web |url=https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2022/12/29/2022-28286/2020-census-qualifying-urban-areas-and-final-criteria-clarifications|title=2020 Census Qualifying Urban Areas and Final Criteria Clarifications|author=United States Census Bureau|website=Federal Register|date=December 29, 2022}}</ref>
| population_density_urban_km2 = 632.3
| population_density_urban_sq_mi = 1,637.6
| population_metro   = 430,591 (US: [[List of Metropolitan Statistical Areas|125th]])
| population_blank1_title = [[Combined statistical area|CSA]]
| population_blank1  = 532,468 (US: [[List of Combined Statistical Areas|87th]])
| population_demonym = Youngstownian{{citation needed|date=June 2024}}
| postal_code_type   = [[ZIP Code]]
| postal_code        = {{Collapsible list |title=15 total ZIP Codes:|44501–44507, 44509–44515, 44555}}
| area_code_type     = [[Area code]]
| area_codes         = [[Area codes 330 and 234|330 and 234]]
| timezone           = [[Eastern Time Zone|Eastern Standard Time]]
| utc_offset         = −5
| timezone_DST       = [[Eastern Time Zone|Eastern Daylight Time]]
| utc_offset_DST     = −4
| blank_name         = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]]
| blank_info         = 39-88000
| blank1_name        = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID
| blank1_info        = 1086573<ref name=gnis>{{GNIS|1086573}}</ref>
| website            = {{URL|https://youngstownohio.gov/|youngstownohio.gov}}
| footnotes          =
| nickname           = The City of You; The YO; Steel Town;<ref>{{cite book|last1=Linkon|first1=Sherry Lee|last2=Russo|first2=John|title=Steeltown, U.S.A.|date=2002|publisher=University Press of Kansas|location=Lawrence, Kansas|isbn=978-070061292-5|page=69}}</ref> Little Chicago;<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.onlyinyourstate.com/ohio/back-in-the-day-mafia-mecca-oh/|title = Back In The Day, This Ohio Town Was A Mafia Mecca| date=June 8, 2018 }}</ref> Y-Town
}}

'''Youngstown''' is a city in [[Mahoning County, Ohio]], United States, and its [[county seat]]. It had a population of 60,068 at the [[2020 United States census|2020 census]], making it the [[List of municipalities in Ohio|11th-most populous city]] in Ohio.<ref name="USCensusQuickFacts" /> The [[Mahoning Valley|Youngstown–Warren metropolitan area]] had 430,591 residents in 2020.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ohio Metropolitan & Micropolitan Statistical Areas |url=https://ohio.hometownlocator.com/cities/msa/ |website=Ohio Hometown Locator |access-date=September 4, 2019}}</ref> Youngstown is situated on the [[Mahoning River]] in [[Northeast Ohio]], roughly midway between [[Cleveland]] ({{convert|60|mi}} northwest) and [[Pittsburgh]] ({{convert|60|mi}} southeast).

Youngstown is a [[midwestern]] city located at the foothills of the [[Appalachian Mountains]]. The city was named for [[John Young (pioneer)|John Young]], an early settler from [[Whitestown, New York]], who established the community's first [[sawmill]] and [[gristmill]]. It was an early industrial city of the late 19th and early 20th centuries and became known as a center of [[steel]] production. With the movement of jobs offshore as the [[History of the iron and steel industry in the United States|steel industry in the United States]] fell into decline in the 1970s, the city became exemplary of the [[Rust Belt]]. Youngstown has seen declines in population of nearly 65 percent within its city limits and about 15 percent in the metro area since 1960.

[[Downtown Youngstown]] has seen various revitalization efforts in the 21st century, including the [[Covelli Centre]] and [[Youngstown Foundation Amphitheatre]]. Other notable institutions in the city include the [[Butler Institute of American Art]], [[Mill Creek Park]], [[Stambaugh Auditorium]], and [[Youngstown State University]]. Youngstown's first new downtown hotel since 1974—the [[DoubleTree by Hilton]]—opened in 2018 in the historic Stambaugh Building, adapted for this use.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Glaser |first1=Susan |title=Downtown Youngstown gets first hotel in 44 years, a DoubleTree by Hilton |url=https://www.cleveland.com/travel/2018/06/youngstown_gets_first_new_hote.html |website=Cleveland.com |date=June 6, 2018 |access-date=September 26, 2019}}</ref>

==History==

===Founding===
[[File:Image David Tod, Abbots History of Ohio.jpg|left|upright|thumb|Governor [[David Tod]]]]

Youngstown was named for New York native [[John Young (pioneer)|John Young]], who surveyed the area in 1796 and settled there soon afterward.<ref name="vind-yo-10-15-24">{{cite news |title=Knowing Youngstown: John Young's Land Purchase |work=The Youngstown Daily Vindicator |page=7hi |date=October 15, 1924}}</ref> On February 9, 1797, Young purchased the township of {{convert|15,560|acre|abbr=on}} from the [[Connecticut Western Reserve|Western Reserve Land Company]] for $16,085.<ref>Aley (1975), pp. 28–29.</ref> The 1797 establishment of Youngstown was officially recorded on August 19, 1802.<ref>Blue ''et al.'' (1995), pp. 15–16.</ref>

The area that includes present-day Youngstown was part of the [[Connecticut Western Reserve]], a section of the [[Northwest Territory]] that [[Connecticut]] initially did not cede to the federal government.<ref name=officialoh>{{cite book|title=The Official Ohio Lands Book |last=Knepper |first=George W |year=2002 |pages=23–26 |publisher=Auditor of the State of Ohio |url=https://ohioauditor.gov/publications/OhioLandsBook.pdf}}</ref><ref name=up>{{cite book|title=History of the Western Reserve |volume=1 |pages=10–11 |first=Harriet Taylor |last=Upton |editor-first=Harry Gardner |editor-last=Cutler |publisher=Lewis Publishing Company |location=New York |year=1910 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xEsbLFoBttYC&pg=PA10}}</ref> Upon cession, Connecticut retained the [[Title (property)|title]] to the land in the Western Reserve, which it sold to the [[Connecticut Land Company]] for $1,200,000.<ref name=officialoh/><ref name=up/><ref name=ohsub>{{cite book |title=Ohio Lands and Their Subdivision |last=Peters|first=William E.|year=1918 |publisher=W.E. Peters|page=[https://archive.org/details/ohiolandstheirsu00pete/page/n164 153]|url=https://archive.org/details/ohiolandstheirsu00pete}}</ref> While many of the area's early settlers came from Connecticut, Youngstown attracted many [[Scots-Irish American|Scots-Irish]] settlers from neighboring [[Pennsylvania]].<ref>Blue ''et al.'' (1995), pp. 16–17.</ref> The first European Americans to settle permanently in the area were Pittsburgh native James Hillman and wife Catherine Dougherty.<ref>Blue ''et al.'' (1995), p. 15.</ref> By 1798, Youngstown was the home of several families who were concentrated near where Mill Creek meets the [[Mahoning River]].<ref name="Blue13">Blue ''et al.'' (1995), p. 13.</ref> [[Boardman Township, Ohio|Boardman Township]] was founded in 1798 by [[Elijah Boardman]], a member of the Connecticut Land Company. Also founded in 1798 was [[Austintown, Ohio|Austintown]] by John McCollum who was a settler from [[New Jersey]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Sanderson |first=Thomas |title=20th Century History of Youngstown and Mahoning County, Ohio |url=https://archive.org/details/20thcenturyhisto00sand_0 |year=1907 |publisher=Biographical Publishing Company |pages=[https://archive.org/details/20thcenturyhisto00sand_0/page/n174 169]–180}}</ref>

As the Western Reserve's population grew, the need for administrative districts became apparent. In 1800, territorial governor [[Arthur St. Clair]] established Trumbull County (named in honor of Connecticut Governor [[Jonathan Trumbull]]), and designated the smaller settlement of Warren as its administrative center, or [[county seat]].<ref>Blue ''et al.'' (1995), pp. 17–18.</ref> In 1813, Trumbull County was divided into townships, with Youngstown Township comprising much of what became Mahoning County.<ref>Blue ''et al.'' (1995), p. 18.</ref> The village of Youngstown was incorporated in 1848, and in 1867 Youngstown was chartered as a city. It became the county seat in 1876, when the administrative center of Mahoning County was moved from neighboring [[Canfield, Ohio|Canfield]].<ref>Aley (1975), pp. 98–99.</ref> Youngstown has been Mahoning County's county seat to this day.<ref name="GR6">{{cite web|url=http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx |access-date=June 7, 2011 |title=Find a County |publisher= National Association of Counties |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110531210815/http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx |archive-date=May 31, 2011}}</ref>

===Growth and industrialization===
The discovery of coal by the community in the early 19th century paved the way for the Youngstown area's inclusion on the network of the famed [[Erie Canal]]. The [[Pennsylvania and Ohio Canal]] Company was organized in 1835, and the canal was completed in 1840.<ref>Blue ''et al.'' (1995), pp. 33–35.</ref> Local industrialist [[David Tod]], who became Ohio governor during the [[American Civil War|Civil War]], persuaded [[Lake Erie]] steamboat owners that coal mined in the Mahoning Valley could fuel their vessels if canal transportation were available between Youngstown and Cleveland. The railroad's arrival in 1856 smoothed the path for further economic growth.<ref>Blue ''et al.'' (1995), pp. 35–36.</ref>

Youngstown's industrial development changed the face of the Mahoning Valley. The community's burgeoning coal industry drew hundreds of immigrants from [[Welsh Americans|Wales]], [[German Americans|Germany]], and [[Irish Americans|Ireland]]. With the establishment of steel mills in the late 19th century, Youngstown became a popular destination for immigrants from [[Eastern Europe]], [[Italian Americans|Italy]], and [[Greek Americans|Greece]].<ref>Blue ''et al.'' (1995), p. 69.</ref>

[[File:RepublicIron&SteelWorks YoungstownOH 1900s.jpg|thumb|left|[[Republic Steel|Republic Iron and Steel Works]], early 1900s]]
In the early 20th century, the community saw an influx of immigrants from non-European countries including what is modern day [[Lebanon]], [[Israel]], [[Palestine (region)|Palestine]], and [[Syria]].<ref>Blue ''et al.'' (1995), pp. 80–82.</ref> By the 1920s, this dramatic demographic shift produced a nativist backlash, and the Mahoning Valley became a center of [[Ku Klux Klan]] activity.<ref>Jenkins (1990), p. 19.</ref> The situation reached a climax in 1924, when street clashes between Klan members and [[Italian American|Italian]] and [[Irish American|Irish]] Americans in neighboring [[Niles, Ohio|Niles]] led Ohio Governor [[A. Victor Donahey]] to declare martial law.<ref>Jenkins (1990), p. 137.</ref> By 1928 the Klan was in steep decline; and three years later, the organization sold its Canfield, Ohio, meeting area, Kountry Klub Field.<ref>Aley (1975), p. 259.</ref> Despite the prevalence of Irish Americans in Youngstown, their presence wasn't always evident. When radio personality Pete Gabriel (who was Greek) came to Youngstown, he found out that there was no [[St. Patrick's Day]] parade there at the time, so he started one.<ref>{{cite web |title=Christmas is a time of celebration, joy and inclusion |url=http://www.catholicnews.com/services/englishnews/2014/christmas-is-a-time-of-celebration-joy-and-inclusion.cfm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180731032015/http://www.catholicnews.com/services/englishnews/2014/christmas-is-a-time-of-celebration-joy-and-inclusion.cfm |url-status=dead |archive-date=July 31, 2018 |website= catholicnews.com |access-date=July 30, 2018}}</ref>

The growth of industry attracted people from within the United States and from [[Latin America]]. By the late 19th century, [[African Americans]] were well represented in Youngstown, and the first local congregation of the [[African Methodist Episcopal Church]] was established in 1871.<ref name= "Aley46">Aley (1975), p. 46.</ref> In the 1880s, local attorney [[William R. Stewart]] was the second African American elected to the [[Ohio House of Representatives]].<ref>Aley (1975), p. 47.</ref> A large influx of African Americans in the early 20th century owed much to developments in the industrial sector. During the national [[Steel Strike of 1919]], local industrialists recruited thousands of workers from the [[Southern United States]], many of whom were Black.<ref>Brody (1960), pp. 254–255.</ref> This move inflamed racist sentiment among local Whites, and for decades, African-American steelworkers experienced discrimination in the workplace.<ref>Bruno (1999), pp. 155–156.</ref><ref>Linkon and Russo (2002), p. 42.</ref> Migration from the South rose dramatically in the 1940s, when the mechanization of southern agriculture brought an end to the [[sharecropping]] system, leading onetime farm laborers to seek industrial jobs.<ref>Lemann (1991), pp. 3–58.</ref>

[[File:YoungstownOhio1910s.jpg|thumb|Youngstown, 1910s: Central Square and Viaduct (view looking south)]]
Youngstown's local [[iron ore]] deposits were exhausted by the early 20th century. Since the city is landlocked (the [[Mahoning River]] is not navigable), ore from [[Michigan]] and [[Minnesota]] had to arrive by rail from [[Cleveland]] and other Great Lakes port cities where large bulk carriers were unloaded. This put Youngstown at a competitive disadvantage to the iron and steel producers in Cleveland, [[Buffalo, New York|Buffalo]], [[Chicago]] and [[Detroit]]—all on Great Lake shores. Compared to these four cities, Youngstown had a higher cost of transporting raw materials to the mills, according to a ''[[Harvard Business Review]]'' report published in January 1933. Higher transportation costs are one reason why Youngstown mills began their decline slightly earlier than manufacturing in other cities.<ref name="Transport costs">{{cite magazine |date=December 1, 1935 |title=Republic II: Corrigan, McKinney |magazine=Fortune |volume=XII |page=142}}</ref>

The city had a healthy position within the [[Midwestern United States|Midwest]] in terms of transportation connections. An airport built in 1930 hosted [[Capital Airlines (United States)|Capital]] and [[United Airlines]] flights through the region and to New York prior to the jet age of the latter 1950s. It was on the [[Baltimore and Ohio Railroad]] [[mainline (railway)|mainline]] to Chicago with the ''[[Capitol Limited (B&O train)|Capital Limited]]''. Likewise, Youngstown was on the [[Erie Railroad]] mainline, on its Chicago-Jersey City circuit, with trains such as the ''[[Atlantic Express and Pacific Express|Atlantic Express/Pacific Express]]'' and the ''[[Lake Cities (Erie Railroad train)|Lake Cities]].'' The city was on the New York Central's Pittsburgh-Buffalo circuit and the Pennsylvania Railroad's Pittsburgh-Cleveland circuit.<ref>{{cite book | title = Official Guide of the Railways| date = September 1955| publisher = }} sections: Capital Airlines; United Airlines; Baltimore and Ohio Railroad; Erie Railroad</ref><ref>{{cite book| url= http://streamlinermemories.info/NYC/NYC51-6TT.pdf | title= New York Central Railroad timetable| date= June 17, 1951| series= Tables 57, 58, 59| publisher = | via= streamlinermemories.info| accessdate= }}</ref><ref>{{cite book | title = Pennsylvania Railroad timetable| date= January 18, 1954| series= Tables 5, 23 | url= http://streamlinermemories.info/PRR/PRR54-1TT.pdf| publisher = | via= streamlinermemories.info| accessdate= }}</ref>

===Post-World War II decline===
The city's population became more diverse after the end of [[World War II]], when a seemingly robust steel industry attracted thousands of workers.<ref>Linkon and Russo (2002), pp. 41–42.</ref> In the 1950s, the [[Hispanics in the United States|Latino]] population grew significantly; and by the 1970s, [[St. Rose of Lima]] Catholic Church and the First Spanish [[Baptist]] Church of Ohio were among the largest religious institutions for Spanish-speaking residents in the Youngstown metropolitan area.<ref name="Aley46"/> In 1951, city planners projected that Youngstown would grow to 200,000 to 250,000 in population due to continuously strong demand for domestic steel in [[western Europe]], [[Japan]], and [[South Korea]], and so 12,000 acres on the city's East Side were annexed and extended utilities in expectation of future housing projects, in addition to aggressive re-zoning for expanded commercial spaces throughout the city.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cityofyoungstownoh.com/about_youngstown/youngstown_2010/plan/plan.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161110092218/http://www.cityofyoungstownoh.com/about_youngstown/youngstown_2010/plan/plan.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-date=November 10, 2016 |title=Youngstown 2010 Plan |publisher=Youngstown 2010 |access-date=November 15, 2022 }}</ref>

At 11:30 on Wednesday, September 6, 1967, only 9 of the 50 scheduled patrolmen arrived for work at the Youngstown Police Department.  The others were not [[strike action|on strike]].  That was prevented by Ohio state law.  The patrolmen, eventually numbering 300, along with another 300 city-employed firefighters, were instead attending "continuous professional meetings", and would be until their demand for an immediate across-the-board raise of $1200 was met.<ref>{{cite news |title=Ohio Governor Turns Down Bid for Troops |publisher=Scranton Pennsylvania Tribune |date=September 8, 1967}}{{page needed|date=February 2021}}</ref>  By Saturday, the day they were ordered back to their jobs by a [[Ohio Courts of Common Pleas|Common Pleas Court]] judge, citizens were reported as disturbed, rather than badly frightened, by the risks of police and fire services operating at about 30% normal headcounts.  A car fire was the worst single incident.  When ending the strike the judge also ordered the pay raise.<ref>{{cite news |title=Ordered to Return to Work |publisher=Akron Beacon Journal |date=September 9, 1967}}{{page needed|date=February 2021}}</ref>  Apart from a fruitless six-day "sick call" of police in Detroit in June 1967, Youngstown's was the first major police strike since the [[Boston Police Strike]] in 1919.  As the editorial writers at ''[[The Sheboygan Press]]'' of [[Sheboygan, Wisconsin]] put it, "So we have seen the first successful strike by policemen and firemen. It is a precedent over which there should be little rejoicing."<ref>{{cite news |title=A Crack in the Wall |publisher=Sheboygan Press |date=September 13, 1967}}</ref>

The [[Economy of Youngstown, Ohio|industrial economy]] that drew various groups to the area collapsed in the late 1970s, culminating with the September 19, 1977, closure of the [[Youngstown Sheet and Tube]] [[Campbell, Ohio|Campbell Works]] after financial downturn due to changes in the steel manufacturing process and international competition.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://money.cnn.com/2008/04/08/real_estate/radical_city_plan/index.htm?postversion=2008042410 |title=The incredible shrinking city |author=Christie, Les |publisher=CNN Money |date=April 24, 2008 |access-date=November 15, 2022 }}</ref> In response to subsequent challenges, the city has taken well-publicized steps to diversify economically, while building on some traditional strengths.<ref name="nasser">{{cite news |first=Haya El |last=Nasser |title=As older cities shrink, some reinvent themselves |work=USA Today |date=December 26, 2006 |access-date=February 14, 2007 |url=http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/news/nation/2006-12-26-shrinking-cities-cover_x.htm}}</ref>

===Modern developments===
[[File:Nathaniel R. Jones Federal Building & U.S. Courthouse.jpg|thumb|The [[Nathaniel R. Jones]] Federal Building and [[United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit|U.S. Courthouse]] was built during an era of new downtown construction in the early 2000s.]]
Downtown Youngstown has seen modest levels of new construction. In the 2000s, additions included the [[Nathaniel R. Jones]] Federal Building and [[United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit|U.S. Courthouse]] in 2002, designed by [[Robert A. M. Stern|Robert A. M. Stern Architects]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gsa.gov/Portal/gsa/ep/contentView.do?programId=11433&channelId=-16863&ooid=18005&contentId=17873&pageTypeId=8195&contentType=GSA_BASIC&programPage=%2Fep%2Fprogram%2FgsaBasic.jsp&P=PL |title=Frank J. Battisti and Nathaniel R. Jones Federal Building and U.S. Courthouse |publisher=U.S. General Services Administration |access-date=February 18, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060929175051/http://www.gsa.gov/Portal/gsa/ep/contentView.do?programId=11433&channelId=-16863&ooid=18005&contentId=17873&pageTypeId=8195&contentType=GSA_BASIC&programPage=%2Fep%2Fprogram%2FgsaBasic.jsp&P=PL |archive-date=September 29, 2006 |url-status=dead }}</ref> the Mahoning County Children's Services Center and [[George Voinovich]] Government Center in 2004, and both the [[Covelli Centre]] and [[Ohio Seventh District Court of Appeals]] in 2006.

In 2004, construction began on a 60-home upscale development called Arlington Heights, and a grant from the [[United States Department of Housing and Urban Development]] allowed for the demolition of Westlake Terrace, a sprawling and dilapidated public housing project. Today, the site features a blend of senior housing, rental townhouses and for-sale single-family homes. Low real-estate prices and the efforts of the Youngstown Central Area Improvement Corporation have contributed to the purchase of several long-abandoned downtown buildings (many by outside investors) and their restoration and conversion into specialty shops, restaurants, and eventually condominiums. In addition, a $250 million [[New Urbanist]] revitalization of the Smoky Hollow neighborhood developed about 400 new residential units, university student housing, retail space, and a park.<ref name="skolnick2">{{cite news |first=David |last=Skolnick |title=City is looking up expert says |work=The Vindicator |date=May 4, 2006 |access-date=February 14, 2007 |url=http://www.cityofyoungstownoh.com/about_youngstown/youngstown_2010/news_information/media/vindicator_stories/vindy_050406.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141031205914/http://www.cityofyoungstownoh.com/about_youngstown/youngstown_2010/news_information/media/vindicator_stories/vindy_050406.htm |archive-date=October 31, 2014 }}</ref>

In 2005, Federal Street, a major downtown thoroughfare that was closed off to create a pedestrian-oriented plaza, reopened to traffic. The downtown area has seen the razing of structurally unsound buildings and the expansion or restoration of others.<ref name="vindy-yo-09-21-06">{{cite news |title=City unveils its new logo |work=The Vindicator |date=September 21, 2006 |access-date=March 14, 2007 |url=http://www4.vindy.com/content/local_regional/294084836390455.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080112064547/http://www4.vindy.com/content/local_regional/294084836390455.php |archive-date=January 12, 2008 }}</ref> New construction has dovetailed with efforts to cultivate business growth. One of the area's more successful business ventures in recent years has been the Youngstown [[Business Incubator]], which fosters the growth of fledgling technology-based companies.<ref name="shilling"/>

In line with these efforts to change the community's image, the city government, in partnership with Youngstown State University, has organized an ambitious urban renewal plan known as ''Youngstown 2010''. The stated goals of ''Youngstown 2010'' include the creation of a "cleaner, greener, and better planned and organized Youngstown". In January 2005, the organization unveiled a master plan prepared by Urban Strategies Inc. of [[Toronto]], which had taken shape during an extensive process of public consultation and meetings that gathered input from citizens.<ref name="schatz">{{cite book |last=Schatz |first=Laura |title=Decline-Oriented Urban Governance in Youngstown, Ohio (chapter in The City After Abandonment) |year=2013 |publisher=University of Pennsylvania Press |location=Philadelphia}}</ref> The plan, which included platforms such as the acceptance of a reduced population and an improved image and quality of life, received national attention and is consistent with efforts in other metropolitan areas to address the phenomenon of urban depopulation.<ref name="nasser"/> ''Youngstown 2010'' received an award for public outreach from the [[American Planning Association]] in 2007.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.planning.org/newsreleases/2006/dec19-8.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090607085427/http://www.planning.org/newsreleases/2006/dec19-8.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=June 7, 2009 |title='Youngstown 2010' Plan Honored with Award for Public Outreach |website=Planning.org |access-date=December 4, 2015 }}</ref>

On May 28, 2024, [[Realty Building explosion|an explosion]] destroyed most of the first floor of the Realty Building in downtown Youngstown and severely damaged the floors above it, killing one bank employee and injuring seven.<ref>{{cite web |author=Bartos |first1=Madeline |last2=Shinn |first2=Megan |last3=Borrasso |first3=Jennifer |last4=Pintar |first4=Barry |date=May 29, 2024 |title=Explosion in downtown Youngstown, Ohio, leaves one dead and multiple injured |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/pittsburgh/news/youngstown-explosion-realty-building-east-federal-street/ |access-date=July 9, 2024 |publisher=[[KDKA-TV]]}}</ref> The explosion was suspected to have been caused by a [[Methane leak|natural gas leak]].

==Geography==
[[File:Mahoning River Market Street Bridge Youngstown.jpg|thumb|The [[Mahoning River]] in Youngstown]]
According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the city has an area of {{convert|34.60|sqmi|sqkm|2}}, of which {{convert|33.96|sqmi|sqkm|2}} is land and {{convert|0.64|sqmi|sqkm|2}} is water.<ref name="Gazetteer files">{{cite web |title=US Gazetteer files 2010 |url=https://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/files/Gaz_places_national.txt |publisher=United States Census Bureau |access-date=January 6, 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120112090031/http://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/files/Gaz_places_national.txt |archive-date=January 12, 2012 }}</ref>

Youngstown is in the [[Mahoning Valley]] on the [[Glaciated Allegheny Plateau]]. At the end of the [[Last Glacial Period|last ice age]], the [[glacier]]s left behind a uniform plain, with valleys such as that caused by the [[Mahoning River]] traversing the plain.<ref name="Aley89">Aley (1975), pp. 8–9.</ref> Lakes created by glaciers that dammed small streams were eventually drained, leaving behind fertile terrain.<ref name="Aley89"/>

===Climate===
Youngstown has a [[humid continental climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]] ''Dfb''/''Dfa''), typical of the [[Midwestern United States]], with four distinct seasons and lies within USDA [[hardiness zone]] 6a.<ref>{{cite web |title=USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map |author=United States Department of Agriculture |publisher=[[United States National Arboretum]] |url=http://www.usna.usda.gov/Hardzone/hzm-ne1.html |accessdate=February 19, 2015 |authorlink=United States Department of Agriculture |url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150303152208/http://www.usna.usda.gov/Hardzone/hzm-ne1.html |archivedate=March 3, 2015 }}</ref> Winters are cold and dry but typically bring a mix of rain, sleet, and snow with occasional heavy snowfall and icing. January is the coldest month with an average mean temperature of {{convert|26.8|F|1}},<ref name = NOAA /> with temperatures on average dropping to or below {{convert|0|F|0}} on 4.1&nbsp;days and staying at or below freezing on 43&nbsp;days per year.<ref name = NOAA /> Snowfall averages {{convert|67.8|in|cm}} per season, somewhat less than the [[snowbelt]] areas closer to [[Lake Erie]].<ref name = NOAA /> The snowiest month on record was {{convert|53.1|in|cm}} in December 2010, while winter snowfall amounts have ranged from {{convert|118.7|in|cm|abbr=on}} in 2010–11 to {{convert|25.2|in|cm|abbr=on}} in 1948–49.<ref name = NOAA /> Springs generally see a transition to fewer weather systems that produce heavier rainfall. Summers are typically very warm and humid with temperatures exceeding {{convert|90|F|0}} on 7.7&nbsp;days per year on average; the annual count has been as high as 40&nbsp;days in 1943, while the most recent year to not reach that mark is 2014.<ref name = NOAA /> July is the warmest month with an average mean temperature of {{convert|71.5|F|0}}.<ref name = NOAA />

The all-time record high temperature in Youngstown of {{convert|103|F|0}} was established on July 10, 1936, which occurred during the [[Dust Bowl]], and the all-time record low temperature of {{convert|−22|F|0}} was set on January 19, 1994.<ref name = NOAA /> The first and last freezes of the season on average fall on October 14 and May 6, respectively, allowing a growing season of 160&nbsp;days; however, freezing temperatures have been observed in every month except July.<ref name = NOAA /> The normal annual mean temperature is {{convert|49.9|F|1}}.<ref name = NOAA /> Normal yearly [[precipitation (meteorology)|precipitation]] based on the 30-year average from 1991 to 2020 is {{convert|41.19|in|mm}}, falling on an average of 168&nbsp;days per year.<ref name = NOAA /> Monthly precipitation has ranged from {{convert|10.66|in|mm|abbr=on}} in June 1986 to {{convert|0.16|in|mm|abbr=on}} in October 1924, while for annual precipitation the historical range is {{convert|54.01|in|mm|abbr=on}} in 2011 to {{convert|23.79|in|mm|abbr=on}} in 1963.<ref name = NOAA />

{{Weather box
|location = Youngstown, Ohio ([[Youngstown–Warren Regional Airport]]), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1897–present
|single line = Y
|Jan record high F = 71
|Feb record high F = 75
|Mar record high F = 82
|Apr record high F = 90
|May record high F = 95
|Jun record high F = 99
|Jul record high F = 103
|Aug record high F = 100
|Sep record high F = 99
|Oct record high F = 88
|Nov record high F = 80
|Dec record high F = 76
|year record high F = 103
|Jan avg record high F = 58
|Feb avg record high F = 60
|Mar avg record high F = 71
|Apr avg record high F = 80
|May avg record high F = 86
|Jun avg record high F = 90
|Jul avg record high F = 91
|Aug avg record high F = 90
|Sep avg record high F = 87
|Oct avg record high F = 79
|Nov avg record high F = 68
|Dec avg record high F = 59
|year avg record high F = 92
|Jan high F = 34.3
|Feb high F = 37.3
|Mar high F = 46.6
|Apr high F = 60.3
|May high F = 70.9
|Jun high F = 78.8
|Jul high F = 82.7
|Aug high F = 81.1
|Sep high F = 74.3
|Oct high F = 62.1
|Nov high F = 49.6
|Dec high F = 38.7
|year high F = 59.7
|Jan mean F = 26.8
|Feb mean F = 29.0
|Mar mean F = 37.2
|Apr mean F = 49.1
|May mean F = 59.3
|Jun mean F = 67.5
|Jul mean F = 71.5
|Aug mean F = 69.9
|Sep mean F = 63.2
|Oct mean F = 52.2
|Nov mean F = 41.5
|Dec mean F = 32.1
|year mean F = 49.9
|Jan low F = 19.3
|Feb low F = 20.7
|Mar low F = 27.8
|Apr low F = 37.9
|May low F = 47.6
|Jun low F = 56.2
|Jul low F = 60.3
|Aug low F = 58.8
|Sep low F = 52.1
|Oct low F = 42.2
|Nov low F = 33.4
|Dec low F = 25.5
|year low F = 40.1
|Jan avg record low F = −1
|Feb avg record low F = 2
|Mar avg record low F = 9
|Apr avg record low F = 23
|May avg record low F = 32
|Jun avg record low F = 41
|Jul avg record low F = 48
|Aug avg record low F = 46
|Sep avg record low F = 38
|Oct avg record low F = 28
|Nov avg record low F = 19
|Dec avg record low F = 8
|year avg record low F = −3
|Jan record low F = −22
|Feb record low F = −16
|Mar record low F = −10
|Apr record low F = 11
|May record low F = 24
|Jun record low F = 30
|Jul record low F = 40
|Aug record low F = 32
|Sep record low F = 27
|Oct record low F = 20
|Nov record low F = 1
|Dec record low F = −12
|year record low F = −22
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation inch = 3.03
|Feb precipitation inch = 2.52
|Mar precipitation inch = 3.21
|Apr precipitation inch = 3.75
|May precipitation inch = 3.72
|Jun precipitation inch = 3.90
|Jul precipitation inch = 4.27
|Aug precipitation inch = 3.48
|Sep precipitation inch = 3.84
|Oct precipitation inch = 3.34
|Nov precipitation inch = 2.96
|Dec precipitation inch = 3.17
|year precipitation inch = 41.19
|Jan snow inch = 19.6
|Feb snow inch = 15.1
|Mar snow inch = 10.5
|Apr snow inch = 2.6
|May snow inch = 0.0
|Jun snow inch = 0.0
|Jul snow inch = 0.0
|Aug snow inch = 0.0
|Sep snow inch = 0.0
|Oct snow inch = 0.7
|Nov snow inch = 4.5
|Dec snow inch = 14.8
|year snow inch = 67.8
|unit precipitation days = 0.01 in
|Jan precipitation days = 19.4
|Feb precipitation days = 15.6
|Mar precipitation days = 15.1
|Apr precipitation days = 15.0
|May precipitation days = 13.9
|Jun precipitation days = 12.7
|Jul precipitation days = 11.3
|Aug precipitation days = 10.8
|Sep precipitation days = 10.0
|Oct precipitation days = 12.7
|Nov precipitation days = 14.0
|Dec precipitation days = 17.5
|year precipitation days = 168.0
|unit snow days = 0.1 in
|Jan snow days = 15.5
|Feb snow days = 11.8
|Mar snow days = 7.9
|Apr snow days = 2.9
|May snow days = 0.1
|Jun snow days = 0.0
|Jul snow days = 0.0
|Aug snow days = 0.0
|Sep snow days = 0.0
|Oct snow days = 0.8
|Nov snow days = 4.3
|Dec snow days = 11.3
|year snow days = 54.6
|Jan humidity = 74.5
|Feb humidity = 73.0
|Mar humidity = 69.8
|Apr humidity = 65.5
|May humidity = 67.8
|Jun humidity = 71.1
|Jul humidity = 72.4
|Aug humidity = 75.0
|Sep humidity = 76.6
|Oct humidity = 72.8
|Nov humidity = 74.6
|Dec humidity = 77.5
|year humidity = 72.5
|source 1 = [[NOAA]]<ref name=NOAA >{{cite web |url=https://w2.weather.gov/climate/xmacis.php?wfo=cle |title=NowData - NOAA Online Weather Data |publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration |access-date=May 9, 2021}}</ref><ref name=NWS >{{cite web |url=http://www.erh.noaa.gov/cle/climate/yng/climateyng.html |title=Youngstown, OH Climate |publisher=[[National Weather Service]] |access-date=November 15, 2008}}</ref><ref name="NOAA KYNG">{{cite web |url=https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/services/data/v1?dataset=normals-monthly-1991-2020&startDate=0001-01-01&endDate=9996-12-31&stations=USW00014852&format=pdf |publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration |title=Station: Youngstown RGNL AP, OH |work=U.S. Climate Normals 2020: U.S. Monthly Climate Normals (1991-2020) |access-date=May 9, 2021}}</ref>
|source 2 = [[World Meteorological Organization]] (relative humidity 1961–1990)<ref name=WMOCLINO>{{cite web |url=http://data.un.org/Data.aspx?d=CLINO&f=ElementCode:11;CountryCode:US;StatisticCode:94&c=2,5,6,7,10,15,18,19,20,22,24,26,28,30,32,34,36,38,40,42,44,46&s=CountryName:asc,WmoStationNumber:asc,StatisticCode:asc&v=4 |publisher=World Meteorological Organization |title=World Meteorological Organization Standard Normals 1961–1990 |access-date=May 22, 2021  }}</ref>
}}

===Neighborhoods===
[[Downtown Youngstown]] consists of the original city layout designed by [[John Young (pioneer)|John Young]] and contains government buildings, banks and entertainment venues, including the [[Covelli Centre]], [[Powers Auditorium]] and [[Youngstown Foundation Amphitheatre]]. North of downtown is [[Youngstown State University]] and the [[Butler Institute of American Art]]. The [[Arlington Avenue Historic District|Arlington]], Mahoning Commons, Riverbend, [[Smoky Hollow (neighborhood)|Smoky Hollow]] and University neighborhoods surround downtown. The area is the least populous division of the city, but also its least residential by zoning. It is surrounded by the [[Interstate 680 (Ohio)|I-680]] and Madison Avenue Expressway highway system.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://youngstownohio.gov/sites/default/files/Ytown2010_chapter7_central.pdf |title=Chapter 7 - Planning Districts Central District |publisher=Youngstown 2010 |access-date=November 23, 2022 }}</ref>

[[File:George Renner House.jpg|thumb|[[George J. Renner Jr. House]], part of the [[Wick Park Historic District]]. During the 20th century, Wick Park was home to the city's wealthiest families and mansions.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://digital.maag.ysu.edu/xmlui/handle/1989/16365 |title=Wick Avenue 1940-1967 : Millionaire's Row and Youngstown State University |author=Gillespie, P. Anne |publisher=[[Youngstown State University]] |date=2006 |access-date=March 26, 2023}}</ref>]]

The North Side consists of the [[Brier Hill]], Crandall Park, [[North Heights]], and [[Wick Park Historic District|Wick Park]] neighborhoods and the northern section of the Riverbend Industrial Park. Brier Hill was considered one of the city's cultural hotbeds due to many [[Welsh Americans|Welsh]], [[Irish Americans|Irish]], [[Italian Americans|Italian]], and [[African American]] migrants settling in it, but primarily was once viewed as the city's "[[Little Italy]]" as reflected by the [[Brier Hill#Pizza|Brier Hill-style pizza]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Trolio |first1=Tony |title=Brier Hill USA : the sequel |date=2004 |publisher=Ciao Promotions |location=Poland, Ohio |isbn=1884687415 |page=203}}</ref> Each year, at the end of August, the Brier Hill Fest attracts thousands of visitors from [[Northeast Ohio]] and [[Western Pennsylvania]].{{sfn|Trolio|2004|p=203}}<ref>{{cite book |last1=Trolio |first1=Tony |title=Brier Hill, USA |date=2001 |publisher=Ciao Promotions |location=Poland, OH |isbn=9780936369235 |pages=14–15}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Linkon |first1=Sherry Lee |last2=Russo |first2=John |title=Steeltown U.S.A : work and memory in Youngstown |date=2002 |publisher=University Press of Kansas |location=Lawrence, Kan. |isbn=978-0-7006-1292-5 |pages=184–187}}</ref> The historic Crandall Park neighborhood was once home to the city's wealthiest families, and many of the mansions of industrial executives are still including in the Crandall Park-Fifth Avenue Historic District.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://youngstownohio.gov/sites/default/files/Ytown2010_chapter7_north.pdf |title=Chapter 7 - Planning Districts North Side District |publisher=Youngstown 2010 |access-date=November 23, 2022 }}</ref>

Youngstown's South Side is, and historically has been, the city's densest and most populous division, with numerous neighborhoods from each of the city's periods of expansion. The older neighborhoods in this area, namely Oak Hill, Erie, [[Fosterville|Warren]], and Lower Gibson, were among the earliest settled outside of Youngstown during the 19th century and were annexed by the city by 1910. Later neighborhoods such as [[Fosterville]], Newport, [[Lansingville]], Buckeye Plat, and Cottage Grove came into being as industry and population expanded throughout the first half of the 20th century, being annexed in 1929 from the remainder of Youngstown Township. The Pleasant Grove and [[Brownlee Woods]] neighborhoods further south were also annexed in 1929 from [[Boardman Township, Ohio|Boardman Township]]. The South Side shares [[Mill Creek Park]] with the West Side.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://youngstownohio.gov/sites/default/files/Ytown2010_chapter7_south.pdf |title=Chapter 7 - Planning Districts South Side District |publisher=Youngstown 2010 |access-date=November 23, 2022 }}</ref>

The East Side is the largest of the city's regions by area and consists of the East High, East Side, [[Hazelton (Youngstown, Ohio)|Hazelton]], Landsdowne, Lincoln Knolls, Scienceville and Sharon Line/McGuffey Heights communities. The neighborhoods on the East Side closest to downtown Youngstown were among the earliest developed in the city. However, much of the East Side is undeveloped land annexed in the 1950s as part of a zoning effort for future development that never occurred.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://youngstownohio.gov/sites/default/files/Ytown2010_chapter7_east.pdf |title=Chapter 7 - Planning Districts East Side District |publisher=Youngstown 2010 |access-date=November 23, 2022 }}</ref>

The neighborhoods of Belle Vista, Cornersburg, Garden District, Kirkmere, Rocky Ridge, and [[Schenley]] on the West Side were built from the 1930s until the 1950s progressing southward, apart from the early Steelton neighborhood and industrial Salt Springs neighborhood. The West Side shares [[Mill Creek Park]] with the South Side and lies southwest of the Mahoning River.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://youngstownohio.gov/sites/default/files/Ytown2010_chapter7_west.pdf |title=Chapter 7 - Planning Districts West Side District |publisher=Youngstown 2010 |access-date=November 23, 2022 }}</ref>

==Demographics==
{{US Census population
|1820= 273
|1830= 384
|1840= 654
|1850= 2802
|1860= 2759
|1870= 8075
|1880= 15435
|1890= 33220
|1900= 44885
|1910= 79066
|1920= 132358
|1930= 170002
|1940= 167720
|1950= 168330
|1960= 166689
|1970= 139788
|1980= 115427
|1990= 95787
|2000= 82026
|2010= 66982
|2020= 60068
|estyear=2024
|estimate=59123
|estref=<ref name="USCensusQuickFacts" />
|align-fn=center
|footnote=U.S. Decennial Census<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html|title=Census of Population and Housing|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=December 2, 2014}}</ref>
}}

Between 1960 and 2010, the city's population declined by over 60%. The [[Mahoning Valley]] metropolitan area had 541,243 residents as of the 2020 census.<ref name="combined">{{cite web |url=https://www.census.gov/population/estimates/metro_general/2007/CSA-EST2007-alldata.csv |title=Annual Estimates of the Population of Combined Statistical Areas: April 1, 2000 to July 1, 2007 |access-date=July 10, 2007 |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref>

===2020 census===
According to the [[2020 United States Census|2020 Census]], Youngstown had 28,303 households. The population density was 1770.5/sq&nbsp;mi. The city's racial makeup was 47.8% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 41.1% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 0.3% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 0.7% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 0.0% [[Pacific Islander (U.S. Census)|Pacific Islander]], and 7.4% from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 10.9% of the population. The median household income was $30,129.<ref name=FactFinder>{{cite web |url=https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/youngstowncityohio |title=U.S. Census website|website=[[United States Census Bureau]] |access-date=November 13, 2020}}</ref>

===2010 census===
According to the [[2010 United States Census|2010 Census]], Youngstown had 26,839 households and 15,150 families. The population density was 755.2/km<sup>2</sup> (1958.5/sq&nbsp;mi). There were 33,123 housing units at an average density of {{convert|968.5|/sqmi|/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. Youngstown's vacant-housing rate in 2010 was twenty times the national average.<ref name=Tavernise>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/12/20/us/20youngstown.html |title=Trying to Overcome the Stubborn Blight of Vacancies |last1=Tavernise |first1=Sabrina |date=December 19, 2010 |work=The New York Times |access-date=November 30, 2012}}</ref> The city's racial makeup was 47.0% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 45.2% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 0.4% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 0.4% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 0.02% [[Pacific Islander (U.S. Census)|Pacific Islander]], 3.3% of some other race, and 3.7% from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 9.3% of the population. The European ancestry included had 10.8% [[Italian American|Italian]], 10.8% [[Irish American|Irish]], 10.0% [[German American|German]], and 4.2% [[English American|English]] ancestries. Among the Hispanic population, 5.7% were [[Puerto Rican people|Puerto Rican]], 1.9% [[Mexican American|Mexican]], 0.1% [[Cuban American|Cuban]], and 0.7% some other Hispanic or Latino.<ref name="2010Census">{{cite web |url=https://www.census.gov |title=Youngstown, Ohio - Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010 Demographic Profile Data |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau |access-date=November 21, 2012}}</ref>

Records suggest 28.6% of the households had children under the age of 18. Of these, 25.6% were married couples living together, 24.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 43.6% were non-families. Meanwhile, 37.8% of all households comprised a single person, and 14.5% of households comprised a person over 65 years of age living alone. The average household size was 2.28 and the average family size was 3.02.<ref name="2010Census"/>

22.8% of the city's population was under the age of 18, 10.8% was from age 18 to 24, 24.3% was from age 25 to 44, 26.2% was from age 45 to 64, and 15.8% was age 65 or older. The median age was 38 years old. For every 100 females, there were 96.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95 males.<ref name="2010Census"/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=DEC_10_SF1_QTP1&prodType=table |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200212213704/http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=DEC_10_SF1_QTP1&prodType=table |url-status=dead |archive-date=February 12, 2020 |title=Youngstown, Ohio - Age Groups and Sex: 2010 Census Summary File 1 |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau |access-date=November 21, 2012}}</ref>

==Economy==
{{main|Economy of Youngstown, Ohio}}

===Historical===
[[File:Sheet&tube.jpg|right|thumb|[[Youngstown Sheet and Tube]] Viaduct]]
Endowed with large deposits of coal and iron as well as "old growth" hardwood forests needed to produce charcoal, the Youngstown area developed a thriving steel industry, starting with the area's blast furnace in 1803 by James and Daniel Heaton.<ref>Blue ''et al.'' (1995), p. 20.</ref> By the mid-19th century, Youngstown was the site of several iron industrial plants, and because of easy rail connections to adjacent states, the iron industry continued to expand in the 1890s despite the depletion of local natural resources.<ref>Blue ''et al.'' (1995), pp. 66–67.</ref> At the turn of the 20th century, local industrialists began to convert to steel manufacturing, amid a wave of industrial consolidations that placed much of the Mahoning Valley's industry in the hands of national corporations.<ref name="Blue94">Blue ''et al.'' (1995), p. 94.</ref>

In the late 1930s, the community's steel sector again gained national attention when Youngstown became a site of the so-called "Little Steel Strike", an effort by the [[Steel Workers Organizing Committee]], a precursor to [[United Steelworkers]], to secure contract agreements with smaller steel companies.<ref name="shellock">{{cite news|first=Marie|last=Shellock|title=Defining moment in local labor history occurred 70 years ago|work=The Metro Monthly|date=May 1, 2007|access-date=October 20, 2007|url=http://metromonthly.wordpress.com/2007/05/01/little-steel-strike-defining-moment-in-local-labor-history-occurred-70-years-ago/}}</ref> On June 21, 1937, strike-related violence in Youngstown resulted in two deaths and 42 injuries.<ref name="shellock"/> Despite the violence, historian William Lawson observed that the strike transformed industrial unions from "basically local and ineffective organizations into all-encompassing, nationwide collective bargaining representatives of American workers".<ref name="shellock"/>

Between the 1920s and 1960s, the city was known as an important industrial hub that featured the massive furnaces and foundries of such companies as [[Republic Steel]] and [[U.S. Steel]]. At the same time, Youngstown never became economically diversified, as did larger industrial cities such as Chicago, Pittsburgh, Akron, or Cleveland.<ref name="Fuechtmann16">Fuechtmann (1989), p. 16.</ref> Hence, when economic changes forced the closure of plants throughout the 1970s, the city was left with few substantial economic alternatives.<ref name="Fuechtmann4143">Fuechtmann (1989), pp. 41–43.</ref> The September 19, 1977, announcement of the closure of a large portion of [[Youngstown Sheet and Tube]], an event still referred to as "Black Monday", is widely regarded as the death knell of the old area steel industry in Youngstown.<ref>Bruno (1999), pp. 9–10.</ref> In the wake of the steel plant shutdowns, the community lost an estimated 40,000 manufacturing jobs, 400 satellite businesses, $414 million in personal income, and from 33 to 75 percent of the school tax revenues.<ref>Bruno (1999), p. 149.</ref> The Youngstown area has yet to fully recover from the loss of jobs in the steel sector.<ref>Linkon and Russo (2002), pp. 131–132.</ref>

The blow dealt to the community's industrial economy in the 1970s was slightly mitigated by the auto production plants in the metropolitan area. In the late 1980s, the [[Studebaker Avanti|Avanti]], an automobile with a fiberglass body originally designed by [[Studebaker]] to compete with the [[Chevrolet Corvette|Corvette]], was manufactured in an industrial complex on Youngstown's Albert Street. This company moved away after just a few years.<ref name="Avanti">{{cite magazine|last=Washington|first=Frank|date=April 3, 1989|title=Buffing Up an Old Classic–Avanti Drives Again|magazine=Newsweek|volume=CXIII|page=46}}</ref> A mainstay of Youngstown's industrial economy had long been the [[General Motors Corporation|General Motors]] [[Lordstown Assembly]], which was the area's largest industrial employer in the decades following the decline of the steel industry.<ref name="GM"/> Once one of the nation's largest auto plants in terms of square feet, the Lordstown facility was home to production of the Chevrolet Impala, Vega, and [[Cavalier]].<ref name="GM">Lyne, Jack (2002). [http://www.siteselection.com/ssinsider/bbdeal/bd020819.htm GM Doling Out $500M to Build New Model in North Ohio.] Site Selection Online Insider. Retrieved March 8, 2007</ref> The Lordstown Assembly was shuttered in March 2019 and is currently owned by [[Foxconn]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnn.com/2019/03/04/business/general-motors-lordstown/index.html|title=Production will end at GM's Lordstown, Ohio plant on Wednesday|author=Julia Horowitz|website=Cnn.com|date=March 4, 2019 }}</ref>

===Current===
[[File:Downtown Youngstown in 2020.jpg|thumb|Federal Street in downtown Youngstown, with the [[Metropolitan Tower (Youngstown)|Metropolitan Tower]] on the left]]
The city's largest employer is [[Youngstown State University]] (YSU), an urban public campus that serves about 15,000 students, just north of downtown.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.regionalchamber.com/local-largestempl.htm|title=Youngstown-Warren area largest employers|publisher=Youngstown-Warren Regional Chamber of Commerce|access-date=February 18, 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061230135106/http://www.regionalchamber.com/local-largestempl.htm<!--Added by H3llBot-->|archive-date=December 30, 2006}}</ref><ref name="ysu-communities">{{cite web|url=http://www.ysu.edu/mahoning_river/youngstown.htm |title=Communities along the Mahoning River|publisher=Youngstown State University|access-date=February 26, 2007|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070621111448/http://www.ysu.edu/mahoning_river/youngstown.htm|archive-date=June 21, 2007}}</ref>

Youngstown is the site of several steel and metalworking operations, though not to the extent of the past. The largest industrial employers within the city limits are [[Vallourec]] Star Steel Company, in the Brier Hill district, and Trivium Packaging.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.macraesbluebook.com/search/company.cfm?company=425745|title=Exal Corporation|publisher=Macrae Blue Book|access-date=March 8, 2007}}</ref> [[Steelite]], a British ceramics manufacturer, has its U.S. headquarters based in Youngstown.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.wkbn.com/news/local-news/major-company-announces-move-from-new-castle-to-y-town/|title=Major company announces move from New Castle to Youngstown|author=Sess, Dave|publisher=[[WKBN-TV]]|date=June 23, 2022|access-date=October 30, 2023}}</ref>

Youngstown's downtown, which once underscored the community's economic difficulties, is a site of new business growth. The Youngstown [[business incubator|Business Incubator]] (YBI), in the heart of downtown, houses several start-up technology companies that have received office space, furnishings, and access to utilities.<ref name="shilling">{{cite news |first=Don |last=Shilling |title=$2M will expand incubator |work=The Vindicator |date=September 8, 2006 |access-date=February 15, 2007 |url=http://www4.vindy.com/content/local_regional/36600068883884.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141031205622/http://www4.vindy.com/content/local_regional/36600068883884.php |archive-date=October 31, 2014 }}</ref> Some Incubator-supported companies have earned recognition, and a few are starting to outgrow their current space. ''[[Inc. Magazine]]'' rated one such company–[[Turning Technologies]]–as the fastest-growing privately held software company in the United States and 18th fastest-growing privately held company overall.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://www.inc.com/inc5000/2007/lists/top100-industry-software.html |title=Top Inc. 5000 Companies by Industry 2007 – Software|magazine=Inc. Magazine|access-date=October 1, 2008}}</ref> To keep such companies downtown, the YBI secured approval to demolish a row of nearby vacant buildings to clear space for expansion.<ref name="shilling"/> In 2014, the YBI was ranked as the top university-associated business incubator in the world by the Swedish University Business Incubator Index.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cleveland.com/business/index.ssf/2014/09/youngstown_business_incubator.html|title=Youngstown Business Incubator named world's best: the Mix|publisher=Cleveland.com|date=September 16, 2014|access-date=December 4, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Lindsay McCoy|url=http://www.wfmj.com/story/26546471/youngstown-business-incubator-ranked-number-one-worldwide|title=Youngstown Business Incubator ranked number one worldwide - WFMJ.com News weather sports for Youngstown-Warren Ohio|publisher=Wfmj.com|access-date=December 4, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.vindy.com/news/2014/sep/21/youngstown-business-incubator-blazing-a-/|title=Youngstown News, Youngstown Business Incubator blazing a trail around the world|publisher=Vindy.com|date=September 21, 2014|access-date=December 4, 2015}}</ref> In 2015, the YBI was the top University Associated Incubator in North America, and came in second to the Guinness Enterprise Centre in [[Dublin]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Youngstown Business Incubator again receives top world ranking|url=http://www.vindy.com/news/2015/dec/15/youngstown-business-incubator-again-receives-top-w/|publisher=Vindy.com|access-date=February 16, 2016}}</ref>

A number of products and enterprises introduced in Youngstown became national household names. Among them is Youngstown-based [[Schwebel's Bakery]], which was established in neighboring Campbell in the 20th century. The company now distributes bread products nationally.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.schwebels.com/about.asp |title=It all began in 1906, in a small kitchen in Campbell, Ohio... |publisher=Schwebel's Baking Company |access-date=February 17, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070127211401/http://www.schwebels.com/about.asp |archive-date=January 27, 2007}}</ref> In the 1920s, Youngstown was the birthplace of the [[Good Humor]] brand of ice cream novelties,<ref>{{cite news|first=Don|last=Shilling|title=A Youngstown candy maker invented the Good Humor bar|work=The Vindicator|date=May 7, 2006|access-date=October 31, 2014|url=http://www4.vindy.com/content/local_regional/287112143428352.php|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141031210046/http://www4.vindy.com/content/local_regional/287112143428352.php|archive-date=October 31, 2014}}</ref> and the popular franchise of [[Handel's Homemade Ice Cream & Yogurt]] was established there in the 1940s. In the 1950s, Youngstown-born developer [[Edward J. DeBartolo Sr.]] established one of the country's first modern shopping plazas in the suburban Boardman.<ref>Blue ''et al.'' (1995), p. 176</ref> The [[fast-food]] chain, [[Arby's]], opened the first of its restaurants in Boardman in 1964, and [[Arthur Treacher's|Arthur Treacher's Fish & Chips]] was headquartered in Youngstown in the late 1970s. More recently, the city's downtown hosted the corporate headquarters of the now-defunct pharmacy chain store [[Phar-Mor]], which was established by Youngstown native [[Michael I. Monus|Mickey Monus]].<ref name="newsweek">{{cite news|first=Jolie|last=Solomon|title=Mickey's Secret Life: The mystery man behind the Phar-Mor scandal was obsessed with winning–and lost big|work=Newsweek|pages=70–72|date=August 31, 1992}}</ref>

==Culture==

===Entertainment===
{{Further|Youngstown Foundation Amphitheatre|Covelli Centre}}
[[File:ChevyCentre.jpg|thumb|The [[Covelli Centre]] in downtown Youngstown]]
Despite the impact of regional economic decline, Youngstown offers an array of cultural and recreational resources. Youngstown's newest venue is the [[Youngstown Foundation Amphitheatre]]; an outdoor venue opened in 2019 upon former industrial grounds in Downtown that hosts various musicians.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Youngstown Foundation Amphitheatre |url=https://theyoungstownfoundationamp.com/about-the-amp/ |website=The Youngstown Foundation Amphitheatre |access-date=October 26, 2022}}</ref>

One of the city's sports-related attractions is the [[Covelli Centre]], which was funded primarily through a $26 million federal grant secured in 2000 by then-Congressman [[Jim Traficant]]. Located on the site of an abandoned steel mill, the large, high-tech facility opened in October 2005. It was formerly called the [[Chevrolet]] Center, and during planning it was known as the Youngstown Convocation Center.<ref name="skolnick3">{{cite news |first=David |last=Skolnick |title=Sealing the deal on Chevrolet Centre |work=The Vindicator |date=November 18, 2005 |access-date=February 22, 2007 |url=http://www4.vindy.com/content/local_regional/284734170054224.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060810181448/http://www.vindy.com/content/local_regional/284734170054224.php |archive-date=August 10, 2006 }}</ref> The centre's main tenants are the [[Youngstown Phantoms]], who play in the [[United States Hockey League]]. Previously, it was home to the Youngstown Steelhounds hockey team, who played in the [[Central Hockey League|CHL]].{{citation needed|date=February 2021}} The venue also hosts "on ice" musical shows and concerts.

Historically, one of the area's most popular attractions was [[Idora Park (Youngstown)|Idora Park]] in the [[Fosterville|Idora]] neighborhood of Youngstown's south side. An urban [[amusement park]], it operated from 1899 until it was closed after a large fire destroyed many of its premier rides in 1984.<ref name="nris">{{NRISref|2009a}}</ref>

===Theater===
The community's culture center is [[Powers Auditorium]], a former [[Warner Bros.|Warner Brothers]] movie palace<ref name="nyt-03-19-30">{{cite news |title=A Sam Warner Memorial – Brothers Will Build a $1,000,000 Movie Theatre in Youngstown |work=The New York Times |page=31 |date=March 19, 1930}}</ref> that serves as the area's primary music hall and a home for the [[Youngstown Symphony Orchestra]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.youngstownsymphony.com |title=DeYor Performing Arts Center Homepage |publisher=Youngstown Symphony |access-date=February 18, 2007}}</ref> This downtown landmark is one of five auditoriums within the city. Ford Recital Hall was built in 2006 as an addition to newly renovated Powers Auditorium. Imposing and [[Neo-classical architecture|neo-classical]] [[Stambaugh Auditorium]], on the city's north side, has served for decades as a site of concerts and is often rented for private events. The facility also hosts the Stambaugh Youth Concert Band.<ref name="stam">{{cite web |url=http://www.stambaughonline.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=12&Itemid=32 |title=Stambaugh Auditorium Homepage |publisher=Stambaugh Auditorium |access-date=March 12, 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928164527/http://www.stambaughonline.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=12&Itemid=32 |archive-date=September 28, 2007 }}</ref> [[Bruce Springsteen]], who sang about the decline of Youngstown's steel industry and its adverse effects on local workers in his ballad "[[Youngstown (song)|Youngstown]]", played at Stambaugh Auditorium on January 12, 1996, as part of his solo [[Ghost of Tom Joad Tour]].<ref>Linkon and Russo (2002), pp. 1–2.</ref>

The [[Youngstown Playhouse]], Mahoning County's primary community theater, has served the area for more than 80 years, despite intermittent financial problems. Believed by some observers to be the nation's oldest continuously operating community theater, the Youngstown Playhouse was the only community theater in Ohio to ever receive major institutional support from the [[Ohio Arts Council]].<ref>{{cite web | url = http://theyoungstownplayhouse.com/ | title = Youngstown Playhouse Homepage | publisher = The Youngstown Playhouse | access-date = November 7, 2007}}</ref> The [[Oakland Center for the Arts]], formerly in the downtown area, was a well-known venue for locally produced plays before it closed in 2015 due to poor management.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.vindy.com/news/2015/mar/05/oakland-leaves-home-cancels-rest-of-seas/|title=Oakland Center for the Arts leaves longtime home in the Morley Building, cancels season|website=Vindy.com|access-date=February 28, 2018|archive-date=March 22, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180322015207/http://www.vindy.com/news/2015/mar/05/oakland-leaves-home-cancels-rest-of-seas/|url-status=dead}}</ref> In late 2016. the Oakland Center for the Arts was re-established with a new focus on youth and kids theatre.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://oaklandcenter.info/en/|title=Oakland Center for the Arts - Performance Art Community Theatre in Youngstown, Ohio|website=oaklandcenter.info|access-date=December 30, 2019}}</ref>

Well known theatrical personalities from the Youngstown area include comedic actor [[Joe Flynn (US actor)|Joe Flynn]],<ref name="vindy-yo-07-20-74">{{cite news |title=Actor Flynn Drowns in Pool; Youngstown Native Was TV Comedian |work=The Youngstown Vindicator |page=1 |date=July 20, 1974}}</ref> screen actress [[Elizabeth Hartman]],<ref name="steely-yo-11-22-64">{{cite news |title=Biff Hartman of Playhouse Roles Has Broadway Lead |work=The Steel Valley News |page=24 |date=November 22, 1964}}</ref> singer and Broadway performer [[Maureen McGovern]],<ref>{{cite press release |url=http://www.sru.edu/pages/14515.asp |title=Maureen McGovern brings wealth of talent to SRU Performing Arts Series show |publisher=Slippery Rock University |date=October 1, 2007 |access-date=November 1, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071011185651/http://sru.edu/pages/14515.asp |archive-date=October 11, 2007 }}</ref> and television and screen actor [[Ed O'Neill]].<ref name="irish-in-y-town">{{cite book |last=Pallante |first=Sally |author2=Scotty Hanahan |author3=Jim Dunn |author4=Ted Miller |author5=Martin Pallante |author6=Terry Dunn |title=Irish in Youngstown and the Greater Mahoning Valley |year=2004 |publisher=Arcadia Publishing |location=Charleston, SC |page=105}}</ref>

===Museums===
[[File:Butler Institute of American Art 09.jpg|thumb|The [[Butler Institute of American Art]] was the first museum in the country dedicated to American art.<ref name="thebutler" />]]
The [[Butler Institute of American Art]] is on the northeastern edge of the [[Youngstown State University]] campus. Established by industrialist [[Joseph G. Butler Jr.]], in 1919, it was the first museum in the country dedicated to American art.<ref name="thebutler">>{{cite web |url=http://www.butlerart.com/ |title=About the Butler |publisher=Butler Institute of American Art |access-date=February 16, 2007}}</ref> Across the street from the Butler Institute stands the [[McDonough Museum of Art]], YSU's University Art Museum and the Mahoning Valley's center for contemporary art. The McDonough, established in 1991, features changing exhibitions by regional, national and international artists and provides public access to the work of students, faculty and alumni from the Department of Art.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://mcdonoughmuseum.ysu.edu/Information.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130117025517/http://mcdonoughmuseum.ysu.edu/Information.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=January 17, 2013 |title=McDonough Museum of Art |publisher=Youngstown State University |access-date=June 28, 2010 }}</ref> The Clarence R. Smith Mineral Museum, also on the YSU campus, is operated by the university's geology department and housed in a campus building.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://clarence-smith-museum.ysu.edu/ |title=Clarence R. Smith Mineral Museum |publisher=Youngstown State University |access-date=February 19, 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060712103846/http://clarence-smith-museum.ysu.edu/ |archive-date=July 12, 2006 }}</ref>

To the immediate north of YSU is the Arms Family Museum of Local History. The museum, housed in a 1905 [[American Craftsman|Arts & Crafts style]] mansion on the main artery of Wick Avenue, is managed by the Mahoning Valley Historical Society. Once the estate of a local industrialist, it maintains period rooms that showcase the household's original contents, including furnishings, art objects, and personal artifacts. The museum mounts rotating exhibits on topics related to local history. Recently,{{when|date=February 2021}} the museum opened the "Anne Kilcawley Christman Hands-on History Room". The MVHS Archival Library operates in the estate's former carriage house, near the back of the site.{{citation needed|date=February 2021}}

The [[Youngstown Historical Center of Industry and Labor]] sits south of the YSU campus on a grade overlooking the downtown area. This museum, owned and operated by the [[Ohio Historical Society]], focuses on the Mahoning Valley's history of steel production.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ohiohistory.org/museums-and-historic-sites/museum--historic-sites-by-name/youngstown |title=Youngstown Historical Center of Industry & Labor |publisher=The Ohio Historical Society |access-date=February 19, 2007}}</ref> Other museums include the Children's Museum of the Valley,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.valleykids.org |title=Children's Museum of the Valley Homepage |publisher=Children's Museum of the Valley |access-date=February 18, 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070205123118/http://www.valleykids.org/ |archive-date=February 5, 2007 }}</ref> an interactive educational center in the downtown area, and the Davis Education and Recreation Center, a small museum that showcases the history of Youngstown's [[Mill Creek Park]].<ref name = "millcreek"/>

On the city's north side the Youngstown Steel Heritage Foundation is constructing the Tod Engine Heritage Park, featuring a collection of steel industry equipment and artifacts. The main exhibit is a 1914 William Tod Co. rolling mill steam engine that was built in Youngstown and used at the Youngstown Sheet and Tube Brier Hill Works. The Tod Engine is one of three remaining rolling mill engines in the United States and is a Mechanical and Materials Engineering Landmark.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.todengine.org |title=Tod Engine Page |publisher=Tod Engine Foundation |access-date=July 17, 2008}}</ref>

==Parks and recreation==
{{Further|Mill Creek Park|Lincoln Park (Youngstown, Ohio)}}
[[File:Mill Creek Park Suspension Bridge.jpg|thumb|[[Mill Creek Park]]'s [[Mill Creek Park Suspension Bridge|"Cinderella" suspension bridge]]]]
Youngstown's most popular resource is [[Mill Creek Park]], a five-mile (8&nbsp;km)-long stretch of woodland along the eponymous Mill Creek. Mill Creek Park is the oldest park district in Ohio, established as a township park in 1891. The park's highlights include the restored 19th&nbsp;century Lanterman's Mill, the rock formations of Bear's Den, scores of nature trails, the [[Fellows Riverside Gardens]] and Education Center, the [[Mill Creek Park Suspension Bridge|"Cinderella" suspension bridge]], and two 18-hole [[Donald Ross (golf course architect)|Donald Ross]] golf courses.<ref name="mvhs">{{cite web |url=http://www.mahoninghistory.org/wdyk21-park.htm |title=Mahoning Valley Historical Society page on Mill Creek Park |publisher=Mahoning Valley Historical Society |access-date=February 17, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101108060131/http://www.mahoninghistory.org/wdyk21-park.htm |archive-date=November 8, 2010 }}</ref><ref name="vindy-11-21-2007">{{cite news |title=Silver Bridge Shines Again |work=The Vindicator |page=B-1 |date=November 21, 2007}}</ref> Mill Creek Park encompasses approximately {{convert|2600|acre|ha}}, {{convert|20|mi|km}} of drives and {{convert|15|mi|km}} of foot trails. Its attractions include gardens, streams, lakes, woodlands, meadows, and wildlife.

Fellows Riverside Gardens' lookout point offers visitors contrasting views of the area. From the south side, the canopied woodlands overlooking Lake Glacier are visible; from the north side, visitors are presented with a view of downtown Youngstown. The park features two 18-hole golf courses. The North Course is on rolling terrain, while the South Course features narrow, tree-lined fairways.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.millcreekmetroparks.com/golf.htm |title=Championship Golf |publisher=Mill Creek Metro Parks |access-date=November 2, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071031085645/http://www.millcreekmetroparks.com/golf.htm |archive-date=October 31, 2007}}</ref> Other features include playgrounds, athletic fields, and picnic areas.

In 2005, Mill Creek Park was placed on the [[National Register of Historic Places]].<ref name="vind-yo-06-14-2006">{{cite news |first=Harold |last=Gwin |title=Ceremony marks placement on National Register |url=http://www.vindy.com/news/2006/jun/14/ceremony-marks-placement-on-national-register/ |work=The Vindicator |date=June 14, 2006 |access-date=July 10, 2019}}</ref> A plaque commemorating this event is near a memorial statue of [[Volney Rogers]], the Youngstown attorney who set aside land for the creation of Mill Creek Park.<ref name="millcreek">{{cite web |url=http://www.millcreekmetroparks.com/index2.asp |title=Mill Creek Metro Parks Homepage |publisher=Mill Creek Metro Parks |access-date=February 17, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070209210703/http://www.millcreekmetroparks.com/index2.asp |archive-date=February 9, 2007}}</ref>

A smaller recreational area called [[Wick Park]] is on the city's north side. Wick Park's periphery is lined with early 20th-century mansions built by the city's industrialists, business leaders, and professionals during Youngstown's boom years.<ref name="pellegrini"/> Stambaugh Auditorium, a popular venue for concerts and other public events, is near the park's southwestern edge.<ref name="stam"/> Another small recreational area called Crandall Park is also on the north side. Crandall Park is surrounded by landscaped homes, tree-lined streets, and walkable access to shopping and recreation.<ref>{{citation |title=Crandall Park North |publisher=City of Youngstown, Ohio |url=http://www.cityofyoungstownoh.com/about_youngstown/youngstown_2010/neighborhoods/north/crandall_park_north/crandall_park_north.aspx |access-date=October 10, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120527134053/http://www.cityofyoungstownoh.com/about_youngstown/youngstown_2010/neighborhoods/north/crandall_park_north/crandall_park_north.aspx |archive-date=May 27, 2012 }}</ref> Several cemeteries (notably historic Oak Hill Cemetery) and small recreational spaces are scattered throughout the city, including Homestead Park, John White Park, Lynn Park, Borts Pool and the Northside Pool.

==Sports==
[[File:Stambaugh Stadium looking Northeast.jpg|thumb|[[Stambaugh Stadium]] is located on the campus of [[Youngstown State University]].]]
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! scope="col" | Club
! scope="col" | League
! scope="col" | Venue
! scope="col" | Established
! scope="col" | Championships
|-
! scope="row" style="font-weight: normal;" | [[Mahoning Valley Scrappers]]
| [[MLB Draft League]], Baseball
| [[Eastwood Field]]
| 1999
| 1
|-
! scope="row" style="font-weight: normal;" | [[Youngstown Phantoms]]
| [[United States Hockey League|USHL]], Ice hockey
| [[Covelli Centre]]
| 2003
| 2
|}

Youngstown has enjoyed a long tradition of professional and semi-professional sports.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://cwcs.ysu.edu/resources/cwcs-projects/culture/company-sports-teams |title=Company Sports Teams and the Early Industrialization of Youngstown, Ohio |publisher=Youngstown State University |access-date=March 8, 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100704184059/http://cwcs.ysu.edu/resources/cwcs-projects/culture/company-sports-teams |archive-date=July 4, 2010 }}</ref> The [[Mahoning Valley Scrappers]], an [[MLB Draft League]] affiliate, have played at [[Eastwood Field]] since 1999. The [[Youngstown Phantoms]] of the [[United States Hockey League]] have played at the [[Covelli Centre]] since 2003. Amateur soccer club Mahoning Trumbull United SC has competed in the Northern Ohio Soccer League since 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |date=December 14, 2022 |title=Mahoning Trumbull United joins the Northern Ohio Soccer League |url=https://www.noslsoccer.com/mahoning-trumbull-united-joins-the-northern-ohio-soccer-league |access-date=January 8, 2023 |website=www.noslsoccer.com |language=en}}</ref>

In earlier decades, the city produced scores of minor league baseball teams, including the [[Youngstown Ohio Works]], [[Youngstown Champs]], [[Youngstown Indians]], [[Youngstown Steelmen]], [[Youngstown Browns]], [[Youngstown Gremlins]], and Youngstown Athletics. Local enthusiasm for baseball was such that the community hosted championship games of the National Amateur Baseball Federation throughout the 1930s and 1940s.<ref name="ward">{{cite news |first=Frank B. |last=Ward |title=Along the Sports Rialto |work=The Youngstown Vindicator |page=7 |date=September 16, 1946}}</ref> The area's minor league baseball teams were supplemented by semi-professional football teams, including the [[Youngstown Patricians]], who won the 1915 championship of the informal "[[Ohio League]]" (a direct predecessor to the [[National Football League]]),<ref>{{cite web |url=http://footballresearch.com/articles/frpage.cfm?topic=yngstown |title=The Story of the Patricians |author=Frolund, Vic |publisher=Professional Football Researchers Association |access-date=February 18, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927004203/http://footballresearch.com/articles/frpage.cfm?topic=yngstown |archive-date=September 27, 2007 }}</ref> and the [[Youngstown Hardhats]], who competed in the Middle Atlantic Football League in the 1970s and early 1980s. For three seasons, Youngstown was home to the [[Mahoning Valley Thunder]] of the now-defunct [[af2]], the minor league for the [[Arena Football League (1987–2008)|Arena Football League]] until 2009 when the franchise ceased operations.<ref name="vind-yo-03-31-2007">{{cite news |first=John |last=Bassetti |author2=Kovach, John |title=Area breeds toughness, tradition; From players, coaches, officials, the area has been well-represented in the NFL. |url=http://www.vindy.com/news/2007/mar/31/mahoning-valley-football-area-breeds-toughness/ |work=The Vindicator |page=1 |date=March 31, 2007 |access-date=July 10, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.vindy.com/news/2009/sep/09/youngstown-thunder-af2-football-team-folds/?newswatch |title=Youngstown News, Youngstown Thunder af2 football team folds |publisher=Vindy.com |date=September 9, 2009 |access-date=August 29, 2012}}</ref> In 2005, the Ohio Red Bulls semi-pro football team of the United States Football Association won their first championship.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nationalfootballevents.com/|title=NATIONAL FOOTBALL EVENTS – Official Site|website=Nationalfootballevents.com}}</ref> Local minor league basketball teams included the [[Youngstown Pride (basketball team)|Youngstown Pride]] of the [[World Basketball League|WBA]] from 1987 to 1992, the [[Youngstown Hawks]] of the [[International Basketball Association|IBA]] in 1999, and the [[Mahoning Valley Wildcats]] of the [[International Basketball League (2005-)|IBL]] in 2005. The [[Youngstown SteelHounds]] hockey team played in the [[Central Hockey League]] from 2005 until 2008.

Youngstown has produced many prominent athletes with connections to the city, including former world boxing champions [[Greg Richardson]], [[International Boxing Federation|IBF]] [[lightweight]] champion [[Harry Arroyo]],<ref name="vindy-12-05-99"/> [[College Football Hall of Fame]] [[End (football)|end]] [[Bob Dove]],<ref name="vindy-09-21-75">{{cite news |title=Bob Dove, Ex-Notre Dame and Pro Standout, Elected to LA Citizen Savings Hall of Fame |work=Youngstown Vindicator |page=D-3 |date=September 21, 1975}}</ref> [[Baseball Hall of Fame|Hall of Fame]] umpire [[Billy Evans]],<ref name="voice-yo-07-01-2005">{{cite news |first=Jon |last=Baker |title=In Valley's History, Evans Was an Early Scrapper |work=The Valley Voice |date=July 1, 2005}}{{page needed|date=February 2021}}</ref> major league [[pitcher]] [[Dave Dravecky]],<ref name="dravecky">{{cite news |title=Dravecky Big Help in Padres' Bid for N. L. West Pennant |work=The Youngstown Vindicator |page=D-2 |date=August 15, 1982}}</ref> [[National Football League|NFL]] [[quarterback]] [[Bernie Kosar]],<ref name="vind-yo-03-31-2007"/> NFL [[Running back]] [[Lynn Bowden|Lynn Bowden Jr.]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cleveland.com/osu/2017/02/lynn_bowden_a_four-star_ath_fr.html|title=Lynn Bowden earns late OSU offer, sticks with Kentucky|last1=Wasserman|first1=Ari|last2=clevel|date=February 1, 2017|website=cleveland|language=en|access-date=April 26, 2020|last3=.com}}</ref> [[IBF]] cruiserweight champion Jeff Lampkin,<ref name="vindy-12-05-99"/> [[World Boxing Association|WBA]] lightweight champion [[Ray Mancini|Ray "Boom Boom" Mancini]],<ref name="vindy-12-05-99"/> major league manager [[Jimmy McAleer]],<ref name="vind-yo-04-29-31b">{{cite news |title=Jim M'Aleer, Noted In Ball World, Is Dead |work=The Youngstown Daily Vindicator |page=1 |date=April 29, 1931}}</ref> [[World Boxing Council|WBC]] and [[WBO]] middleweight champion [[Kelly Pavlik]],<ref name="vind-yo-09-30-2007">{{cite news |first=Joe |last=Scalzo |title=Pavlik credits Valley support for victory |work=The Vindicator |page=1 |date=September 30, 2007}}</ref> legendary baseball trainer [[Bonesetter Reese|"Bonesetter" Reese]],<ref name="telegram-11-30-31">{{cite news |title=Bonesetter Reese Is Dead At Age Of 76 – Career Ends For Man Who Devoted Life To Ministering To Sufferers |work=The Youngstown Telegram |date=November 30, 1931}}</ref> major league [[outfielder]] [[George Shuba]],<ref name="kovach">{{cite news |first=John |last=Kovach |title='Shotgun' George Shuba recounts his baseball life |work=The Vindicator |page=C-3 |date=August 12, 2007 |access-date=August 12, 2007 |url=http://www.vindy.com/news/2007/aug/12/8216shotgun8217-george-shuba-recounts-his/}}</ref> and [[Heisman Trophy]] recipient [[Frank Sinkwich]].<ref name="vind-yo-03-31-2007"/><ref name="vindy-12-05-99">{{cite news |first=John |last=Bassetti |title=Valley boxers, led by Mancini, ruled the ring |work=The Vindicator |date=December 5, 1999}}{{page needed|date=February 2021}}</ref>

===Youngstown State Penguins===
The community has a lengthy tradition of collegiate sports. The [[Youngstown State Penguins]] compete in the [[Missouri Valley Football Conference]]. The Penguins, noted participants in FCS (I-AA) football, play their games at [[Stambaugh Stadium]] and enjoy one of the more supportive fan bases. All other YSU athletic teams compete in the [[Horizon League]], which does not sponsor football. The Youngstown State men and women's basketball teams hold their games at Youngstown State's [[Beeghly Center]]. The teams average about 2,500 fans per game, a number that rose with a new style of play under former head coach [[Jerry Slocum (basketball)|Jerry Slocum]]. In addition, the YSU baseball and softball teams have enjoyed local support and success. The baseball team reached the NCAA super-regionals in 2005, and the softball team did so in 2006.<ref name="ysusports">{{cite web |url=http://www.ysusports.com/landing/index |title=YSU Sports Homepage |publisher=Youngstown State University |access-date=February 18, 2007}}</ref>

==Government and politics==
[[File:Mahoning County Courthouse.jpg|thumb|[[Mahoning County]] Courthouse]]
Youngstown is governed by a [[List of mayors of Youngstown, Ohio|mayor]] who is elected every four years and limited to a maximum of two terms. Mayors are traditionally inaugurated on or around January 2. The city has tended to elect [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] mayors since the late 1920s because of the local unions' support for Democratic candidates for office.<ref>Blue ''et al.'' (1995), p. 113.</ref> Youngstown's mayor is Jamael Tito Brown.<ref name="mayor">{{cite web|url=https://youngstownohio.gov/mayor|title=Mayor Jamael Tito Brown|publisher=City of Youngstown, Ohio|access-date=September 8, 2018}}</ref> [[Jay Williams (politician)|Jay Williams]] was the city's first African-American mayor and its first [[Independent (politician)|independent]] mayor since 1922.<ref name="skolnick">{{cite news |first=David |last=Skolnick |title=Community leaders extol mayoral victory |work=The Vindicator |date=November 9, 2005 |access-date=February 14, 2007 |url=http://www4.vindy.com/content/local_regional/288585121508068.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060409224845/http://www.vindy.com/content/local_regional/288585121508068.php |archive-date=April 9, 2006 }}</ref>

Residents elect an eight-member city council composed of representatives of the city's seven wards and a council president. The council traditionally meets every first and third Wednesday of the month.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://youngstownohio.gov/city_council|title=City Council|publisher=City of Youngstown, Ohio|access-date=September 8, 2018}}</ref> Meanwhile, the board of control, chaired by the Mayor, oversees contracts for public projects within the municipal limits.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://youngstownohio.gov/board_control|title=Board of Control|publisher=City of Youngstown, Ohio|access-date=September 8, 2018}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
!Position
!Name
|-
|Mayor
|Jamael Tito Brown<ref name="mayor" />
|-
|Council President
|Thomas Hetrick<ref name="council">{{cite web|url=https://youngstownohio.gov/city_council |title=City Council |publisher=City of Youngstown |access-date=April 4, 2024 }}</ref>
|-
|Council Ward 1
|Julius T. Oliver<ref name="council" />
|-
|Council Ward 2
|Jimmy Hughes<ref name="council" />
|-
|Council Ward 3
|Samantha Turner<ref name="council" />
|-
|Council Ward 4
|Mike Ray<ref name="council" />
|-
|Council Ward 5
|Patrick A. Kelly<ref name="council" />
|-
|Council Ward 6
|Anita Davis<ref name="council" />
|-
|Council Ward 7
|Amber White<ref name="council" />
|}

[[File:2020 United States Presidential Election in Youngstown, Ohio.svg|thumb|'''2020 Presidential Election Results by Precinct''' <br /> '''Biden:'''  {{legend0|#86b6f2ff|50–60%}} {{legend0|#4389e3ff|60–70%}} {{legend0|#1666cbff|70–80%}} {{legend0|#0645b4ff|80–90%}} {{legend0|#002b84ff|90–100%}}]]
In the [[Ohio General Assembly]], Youngstown is located in the [[Ohio House of Representatives|59th State Representative District]], represented by Lauren McNally ([[Democratic Party (United States)|D]]),<ref>{{cite web |url=https://ohiohouse.gov/members/lauren-mcnally |title=Representative Lauren McNally - District 59 |publisher=Ohio House of Representatives |access-date=March 26, 2023 }}</ref> and in the [[Ohio Senate|33rd Senate District]], represented by [[Alessandro Cutrona]] ([[Republican Party (United States)|R]]).<ref>{{cite web |title=Senator Michael A Rulli {{!}} Ohio Senate |url=http://www.ohiosenate.gov/senators/rulli |website=Ohio Senate |publisher=State of Ohio |access-date=May 2, 2019}}</ref> Federally, Youngstown has been located in [[Ohio's 6th congressional district]] since 2023 after being redistricted.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://apnews.com/article/ohio-tim-ryan-elections-dbb118c0e7534a78b92f7deb403d4a7e |title=Democrat Tim Ryan wins reelection to U.S. House in Ohio's 13th Congressional District |date=November 3, 2022 |work=Associated Press |access-date=November 6, 2022 |language=en}}</ref> Its [[List of United States senators from Ohio|federal senator]] is [[Bernie Moreno]] ([[Republican Party (United States)|R]]). Like many urban areas in the U.S., Youngstown is a Democratic stronghold, although the remainder of Mahoning County has been trending to the right in recent elections.<ref>{{Cite web |date=November 4, 2020 |title=Youngstown's Mahoning County flips to Trump after 48 years for Democrats |url=https://www.nbc4i.com/news/your-local-election-hq/trump-is-first-republican-since-1972-to-win-youngstowns-county/ |access-date=October 26, 2022 |website=NBC4 WCMH-TV |language=en-US}}</ref> Youngstown has supported Democratic politicians in statewide elections throughout its history, including [[Sherrod Brown]], [[Ted Strickland]], and [[Richard Cordray]].{{citation needed|date=July 2021}} Youngstown has become a political backdrop for both Democrats and Republicans who go to the area to campaign on economic development and jobs.<ref>{{Cite web |date=April 28, 2022 |title=Senate candidate visits Mahoning County Republican headquarters |url=https://www.wkbn.com/news/local-news/senate-candidate-visits-mahoning-county-republican-headquarters/ |access-date=October 26, 2022 |website=WKBN.com |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=October 22, 2022 |title=Senate candidate Tim Ryan holds rally in Niles |url=https://www.wkbn.com/news/elections/senate-candidate-tim-ryan-holds-rally-in-niles/ |access-date=October 26, 2022 |website=WKBN.com |language=en-US}}</ref>

Circa 1972 to 2016,<ref>{{cite web|last=Orner|first=Ben|url=https://www.nbc4i.com/news/your-local-election-hq/trump-is-first-republican-since-1972-to-win-youngstowns-county/|title=Trump is first Republican since 1972 to win Youngstown's county|work=NBC4 WCMH-TV |publisher=NBC41|date=2020-11-04|access-date=2025-01-12}}</ref><!--2016 was the last election before 2020--> the majority of voters in Mahoning County and Youngstown chose Democratic Party candidates in U.S. presidential elections. [[Tex Fischer]] stated that during the [[2012 U.S. presidential election]], area residents perceived [[Mitt Romney]] as being inauthentic, which contributed to his loss.<ref name=Gumbel>{{cite web|last=Gumbel|first=Andrew|url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2025/jan/11/there-are-a-lot-of-bitter-people-here-im-one-of-them-rust-belt-voters-on-why-they-backed-trump-again-despite-his-broken-promises|title='There are a lot of bitter people here, I'm one of them': rust belt voters on why they backed Trump again despite his broken promises|newspaper=[[The Observer]]|place=London|date=2025-01-11|access-date=2025-01-12}}</ref>

However in the [[2020 U.S. presidential election]], the majority in those areas selected [[Donald Trump]]. Andrew Gumbell of ''[[The Observer]]'' stated that Trump gained popularity from 2017 to 2020 even though the Youngstown economy declined in the same period; Trump in 2017 made statements saying that he will revive the area economically. In the [[2024 U.S. presidential election]], Trump won the same areas by 13 points. Gumbell cited "disillusioned working-class voters" and their feelings for the rising popularity of Trump in the area; according to Gumbell, the voters perceive all politicians to be corrupt but Trump to be honest about being a corrupt person.<ref name=Gumbel/> Gumbell added the voters believe that Trump would abolish a system that disadvantages them, but that the majority of area voters do not believe that, in Gumbell's words, that Trump will "fix everything or believe him when he says he will."<ref name=Gumbel/>

===Crime===
Crime has been a lingering problem in many of the [[Rust Belt]]'s big and small urban communities, hampering economic recovery.<ref>[http://www.neighborhoodscout.com/oh/youngstown/crime/ Youngstown crime rates and statistics]. Neighborhood Scout. Retrieved on December 23, 2010.</ref> In the late 1950s and early 1960s, Youngstown was nationally identified with gangland slayings often committed with car bombs.<ref name="heltzel">{{cite news |first=Bill |last=Heltzel |title=Mob Rule in Youngstown |work=The Pittsburgh Post-Gazette |page=C-1 |date=December 7, 1997}}</ref> The town gained the nicknames "Murdertown, USA" and "Bomb City, USA," while the phrase "Youngstown tune-up" became a nationally popular slang term for car-bomb assassination.<ref name="grann">{{cite magazine |first=David |last=Grann |title=Crimetown USA – The city that fell in love with the mob. |magazine=The New Republic |page=23 |date=July 10, 2000 |access-date=February 15, 2007 |url=https://newrepublic.com/article/politics/crimetown-usa}}</ref> The image of Youngstown's association with crime was reinforced by the construction of prisons inside the metropolitan area.<ref name="clines">{{cite news |first=Francis X. |last=Clines |title=Imprisoned fathers tell their children: don't follow in our footsteps. |work=The New York Times |pages=9–10 |date=July 2, 2000 |access-date=February 15, 2007 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2000/07/02/us/imprisoned-fathers-tell-their-children-don-t-follow-in-our-footsteps.html}}</ref> As of 2012, three adult correctional facilities continue to operate within city limits: the Mahoning County Justice Center<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mahoningsheriff.com/contact-us/ |title=Contact Us |publisher=Mahoningsheriff.com |access-date=September 1, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111028095849/http://www.mahoningsheriff.com/contact-us |archive-date=October 28, 2011 }}</ref> the [[Northeast Ohio Correctional Center]],<ref>{{cite web |author=Just-in-Time Beds |url=http://www.cca.com/facility/northeast-ohio-correctional-center/ |title=CCA Facilities &#124; Corrections Corporation of America |publisher=Cca.com |access-date=August 29, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120826080202/http://www.cca.com/facility/northeast-ohio-correctional-center/ |archive-date=August 26, 2012 }}</ref> and the [[Ohio State Penitentiary]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://drc.ohio.gov/Public/osp.htm |title=Ohio State Penitentiary |publisher=Drc.ohio.gov |date=August 7, 2012 |access-date=August 29, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130117025517/http://drc.ohio.gov/Public/osp.htm |archive-date=January 17, 2013 }}</ref>

For decades, Youngstown was a haven for organized crime, and related corruption was ingrained into the fabric of its society. A 2000 publication in ''[[The New Republic]]'' listed a "chief of police, the outgoing prosecutor, the sheriff, the county engineer, members of the local police force, a city law director, several defense attorneys, politicians, judges, and a former assistant U.S. attorney" as controlled by the [[American Mafia|Mob]].<ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://newrepublic.com/article/politics/crimetown-usa |title=Crimetown USA |magazine=[[The New Republic]] |date=July 10, 2000 |access-date=August 19, 2013 |author=Grann, David}}</ref> The city accelerated measures to limit the influence of organized crime upon all sectors of municipal life.  In 2006 Youngstown was ranked by [[Morgan Quitno Press]], a Kansas-based publishing and research company, as the 9th most dangerous city in the United States.<ref>[http://newytown.wordpress.com/2006/11/06/from-americas-9th-most-dangerous/ From America's 9th Most Dangerous... « New YTOWN]. Newytown.wordpress.com (November 6, 2006). Retrieved on December 23, 2010.</ref> After [[The Saturday Evening Post]] framed Youngstown as "Crimetown U.S.A.", there was an interest by many to create documentaries or podcasts to get in-depth information about the corruption unfolding in the city. Released in July 2022, Marc Smerling released a podcast titled "Crooked City" to share some of those stories.<ref>{{cite web |title=Crooked City: Youngstown, Ohio |url=https://www.iheart.com/podcast/867-crooked-city-youngstown-oh-99784895/ |website=iHeart |access-date=October 26, 2022}}</ref>

==Education==
[[File:Youngstown State University clock tower as seen from Moser Hall.jpg|thumb|right|The campus of [[Youngstown State University]] is located north of [[Downtown Youngstown]].]]
Youngstown is served by the [[Public Library of Youngstown and Mahoning County]] system, with libraries located in the Downtown (Main), Brownlee Woods, East High, Newport, and Schenley (Michael Kusalaba) neighborhoods.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://plymc.bibliocommons.com/locations |title=Find a Location | publisher=Public Library of Youngstown and Mahoning County | access-date=November 19, 2022 }}</ref>

===Primary and secondary===
The [[Youngstown City School District]] manages public education within the city and covers almost all of the city limits.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/DC2020/PL20/st39_oh/schooldistrict_maps/c39099_mahoning/DC20SD_C39099.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220723173636/https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/DC2020/PL20/st39_oh/schooldistrict_maps/c39099_mahoning/DC20SD_C39099.pdf |archive-date=July 23, 2022 |url-status=live|title=2020 CENSUS - SCHOOL DISTRICT REFERENCE MAP: Mahoning County, OH|publisher=[[U.S. Census Bureau]]|accessdate=2025-01-12}} - [https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/DC2020/PL20/st39_oh/schooldistrict_maps/c39099_mahoning/DC20SD_C39099_SD2MS.txt Text list]</ref><ref name=TrumbullCoSDMap2020>{{cite web|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/DC2020/PL20/st39_oh/schooldistrict_maps/c39155_trumbull/DC20SD_C39155.pdf|title=2020 CENSUS - SCHOOL DISTRICT REFERENCE MAP: Trumbull County, OH|publisher=[[U.S. Census Bureau]]|access-date=2025-01-12}} - [https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/DC2020/PL20/st39_oh/schooldistrict_maps/c39155_trumbull/DC20SD_C39155_SD2MS.txt Text list]</ref> Since 2015, the state government has overseen the district's operation due to district mismanagement.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/education/how-ohio-gov-john-kasich-took-over-the-schools-in-youngstown/2016/02/01/3944be56-bbc0-11e5-b682-4bb4dd403c7d_story.html |title=How Ohio Gov. John Kasich took over the schools in Youngstown |author=Layton, Lindsey |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=February 1, 2016 |access-date=November 13, 2022}}</ref> The district's high school graduation rate has improved since the takeover, from 65% in 2015 to 88% in 2020.<ref>{{cite web |title=Woefully low graduation rates in America must be reversed |url=http://www.vindy.com/news/2013/may/29/woefully-low-graduation-rates-in-america/ |publisher=Vindy.com |access-date=September 22, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.wkbn.com/news/local-news/youngstown-schools-graduation-rate-improving/ |title=Youngstown Schools' graduation rate improving |date=September 15, 2020 |publisher=WKBN |access-date=November 13, 2022}}</ref> YCSD currently operates six [[elementary schools]], three [[middle schools]], and three [[high schools]], as well as one alternative school and one [[technical school]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ycsd.org/ |title=Youngstown City School District home |publisher=Youngstown City School District |access-date=November 13, 2022}}</ref> The district extensively built new schools throughout the late 2000s, and sold many of its older buildings to local private schools.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://vindyarchives.com/news/2009/aug/06/building-of-schools-nears-completion-in-youngstown/ |title=Building of schools nears completion in Youngstown |author=Gwin, Harold |publisher=The Vindicator |date=August 6, 2009 |access-date=November 13, 2022}}</ref>

At one time, the school district had eight dedicated public high schools (including now-defunct [[North High School (Youngstown, Ohio)|North]], [[Rayen High School|Rayen]], [[South High School (Youngstown, Ohio)|South]], and [[Woodrow Wilson High School (Youngstown, Ohio)|Wilson]]), but mergers since the 1990s have resulted in four secondary schools: [[Chaney High School]], Choffin Career and Technical Center, [[East High School (Youngstown, Ohio)|East High School]], and Youngstown Rayen Early College.<ref name="vindy-yo-03-14-07">{{cite news |first=Harold |last=Gwin |title=Students and parents to receive introduction to new East High |work=The Vindicator |date=March 14, 2007 |access-date=March 14, 2007 |url=http://www4.vindy.com/content/local_regional/345208048549980.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070905181843/http://www.vindy.com/content/local_regional/345208048549980.php |archive-date=September 5, 2007 }}</ref> The [[early college]] program, in cooperation with Youngstown State University, enables middle and high school students to attend classes both on campus and at YCSD schools and earn college credit.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.youngstown.k12.oh.us/schoolsites/yec/ |title=Youngstown Early College |publisher=Youngstown State University |access-date=March 8, 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130117025518/http://www.youngstown.k12.oh.us/schoolsites/yec/ |archive-date=January 17, 2013 }}</ref>

The [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Youngstown|Diocese of Youngstown]] once oversaw more than 20 schools within the city. As a result of dwindling enrollment, only four [[Catholic school]]s now operate within Youngstown proper.<ref name="gwin">{{cite news |first=Harold |last=Gwin |title=Final bell tolls for two schools |work=The Vindicator |date=June 7, 2006 |access-date=February 14, 2007 |url=http://www4.vindy.com/content/local_regional/286898604790908.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141031205200/http://www4.vindy.com/content/local_regional/286898604790908.php |archive-date=October 31, 2014 }}</ref> These include two primary schools—St. Christine's School and [http://stjosephtheproviderschool.com/ St. Joseph the Provider School]—and two secondary schools, [[Cardinal Mooney High School (Ohio)|Cardinal Mooney High School]] and [[Ursuline High School (Youngstown, Ohio)|Ursuline High School]]. Several additional Catholic schools operate in the region which accept Youngstown students.

Youngstown hosts a small number of private schools. These include Valley Christian School, a [[Christian school|nondenominational]] K-12 school; Akiva Academy, a progressive K–8 school in the Jewish Community Center; and the [[Montessori]] School of the Mahoning Valley, which offers alternative learning environments for students ranging from preschool to eighth grade.<ref>[http://www.montessori-youngstown.com/about.htm About our school.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070818124302/http://www.montessori-youngstown.com/about.htm |date=August 18, 2007 }}  The Montessori School of the Mahoning Valley. Retrieved November 1, 2011.</ref> There are also various smaller, K-8 charter academies in the city, such as the Stambaugh Charter Academy and South Side Academy.

===Higher education===
[[Youngstown State University]], the primary institution of higher learning in the Youngstown metropolitan area, traces its origins to a local [[YMCA]] program that began offering college-level courses in 1908.<ref name="vindy-10-14-07"/> YSU joined the Ohio system of higher education in 1967.<ref name="vindy-10-14-07">{{cite news |first=Harold |last=Gwin |title=Unofficial historian: Y gave YSU its start |work=The Vindicator |page=B-1 |date=October 14, 2007 |access-date=October 14, 2007 |url=http://www.vindy.com/news/2007/oct/14/unofficial-historian-y-gave-ysu-its-start/}}</ref> The university has an enrollment of about 11,000 undergraduate and graduate students within its seven colleges.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Colleges & Programs < Youngstown State University |url=https://catalog.ysu.edu/undergraduate/colleges-programs/ |access-date=April 29, 2022 |website=catalog.ysu.edu}}</ref> The campus is just north of the city's downtown and south of Youngstown's historic Fifth Avenue district, a neighborhood of [[Tudor style architecture|Tudor]]-, [[Victorian architecture|Victorian]]-, and [[Spanish Colonial Revival Style architecture|Spanish Colonial Revival]]-style homes.<ref name="pellegrini">{{cite news |first=Mary Ellen |last=Pellegrini |title=Wick Park historic district – three groups will work together to ensure that striking neighborhoods will be preserved |work=The Vindicator |date=December 25, 2006 |access-date=February 14, 2007 |url=http://www4.vindy.com/content/local_regional/318258685356667.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090108120456/http://www.vindy.com/content/local_regional/318258685356667.php |archive-date=January 8, 2009 }}</ref>

[[Eastern Gateway Community College]] operated a campus in downtown Youngstown from 2009 to 2024.<ref>{{cite news|first=Zach |last=Mosca |title=Eastern Gateway Community College to dissolve October 31 |url=https://www.wfmj.com/story/50789694/eastern-gateway-community-college-to-dissolve-october-31 |publisher=WFMJ-TV |date=May 15, 2024 |access-date=December 14, 2024 }}</ref>

==Media==

===Print===
''[[The Vindicator]]'' is the sole daily newspaper in the city, currently published as a zoned edition of [[Warren, Ohio|Warren's]] ''[[Tribune Chronicle]]'' in [[broadsheet]]. It formerly competed with the Warren-based paper, and the [[Lisbon, Ohio|Lisbon]]-based ''Morning Journal'', although they primarily covered their respective counties, with limited coverage of Mahoning County and Youngstown, until in June 2019 it was announced that ''The Vindicator'' would cease publication by mid-August of the same year.<ref>{{cite news|last=Mitchell|first=J. Breen|url=http://www.wfmj.com/story/40723209/vindicator-announces-it-will-stop-production|title=Vindicator announces it will stop production|date=June 28, 2019|access-date=June 28, 2019|publisher=WFMJ-TV}}</ref> Although this newspaper carries the name of the old ''Vindicator'',<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tribtoday.com/news/local-news/2019/08/tribune-chronicle-acquires-rights-to-vindicator-name/|title=Tribune Chronicle acquires rights to Vindicator name {{!}} News, Sports, Jobs - Tribune Chronicle|language=en-US|access-date=April 5, 2020}}</ref> its scope is comparatively limited, with the majority of previous ''Vindicator'' journalists not being carried over to the new edition.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.niemanlab.org/2019/08/so-youngstown-will-have-a-daily-named-the-vindicator-after-all-but-its-a-brand-surviving-not-a-newspaper/|title=So Youngstown will have a daily named The Vindicator after all. But it's a brand surviving, not a newspaper.|website=Nieman Lab|access-date=April 5, 2020}}</ref>

Other newspapers that print in Youngstown include bi-monthly ''The Business Journal'', ''The Metro Monthly'', and the bi-weekly ''The Jambar'', published by the students of Youngstown State University on Tuesdays and Thursdays while classes are in session.

===TV===
[[File:WKBN-TV.JPG|thumb|[[WKBN-TV]] studio]]
With 273,480 television households, the Youngstown market is the nation's 106th largest, according to [[Nielsen Media Research]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nielsenmedia.com/nc/portal/site/Public/menuitem.55dc65b4a7d5adff3f65936147a062a0/?vgnextoid=bc0e47f8b5264010VgnVCM100000880a260aRCRD |publisher=[[Nielsen Media Research]] |title=Sampling the Population |date=September 23, 2006 |access-date=November 20, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070425220310/http://www.nielsenmedia.com/nc/portal/site/Public/menuitem.55dc65b4a7d5adff3f65936147a062a0/?vgnextoid=bc0e47f8b5264010VgnVCM100000880a260aRCRD |archive-date=April 25, 2007 }}</ref>

The market is served is served by four full power television stations.<ref name="radiostationworld">{{cite web |url=http://radiostationworld.com/locations/United_States_of_America/Ohio/tv_information.asp?m=you |title=Ohio TV Information |publisher=Radio Station World |access-date=November 20, 2007}}</ref> including [[WFMJ-TV]] (channel 21, [[NBC]], with [[The CW Television Network|The CW]] channel 21.2 under the [[WFMJ-DT2|WBCB]] call letters), [[WKBN-TV]] (channel 27, [[CBS]]), [[WYTV]] (channel 33, [[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]], with [[My Network TV|MNTV]] on [[WYTV-DT2|33.2]]), and [[Western Reserve Public Media|WNEO]] channel 45 ([[Public Broadcasting Service|PBS]]).

Low power station [[WYFX-LD]] channel 62 serves as Youngstown's [[Fox Broadcasting Company|Fox]] affiliate, and is simulcast on WKBN 27.2.

===Radio===

===AM===
* 570 [[WKBN (AM)|WKBN]] Youngstown ([[Talk radio|News/talk]])
* 600 [[WRQX (AM)|WRQX]] [[Salem, Ohio|Salem]] ([[Conservative talk radio|Conservative talk]])
* 790 [[WPIC]] [[Sharon, Pennsylvania|Sharon, PA]] ([[Talk radio]])
* 830 [[WKTX]] [[Cortland, Ohio|Cortland]] ([[Urban contemporary gospel]])
* 1240 [[WBBW]] Youngstown ([[Sports radio|Sports]] - [[Infinity Sports Network|Infinity]])
* 1280 [[WUZZ (AM)|WUZZ]] [[New Castle, Pennsylvania|New Castle, PA]] ([[Classic country]] - [[WYLE (FM)|WYLE]] simulcast)
* 1330 [[WGFT]] [[Campbell, Ohio|Campbell]] ([[Urban contemporary music|Urban contemporary]])
* 1390 [[WNIO]] Youngstown ([[Sports radio|Sports]])
* 1440 [[WHKZ]] [[Warren, Ohio|Warren]] ([[Catholic radio|Catholic]] - [[Relevant Radio]])
* 1470 [[WLOA]] [[Farrell, Pennsylvania|Farrell, PA]] ([[Hip hop music|Hip-hop]])
* 1540 [[WYOH]] [[Niles, Ohio|Niles]] ([[Talk radio|Talk]])
* 1570 [[WHTX (AM)|WHTX]] Warren ([[Talk radio|Talk]])

===FM===
* 88.5 [[WYSU]] Youngstown ([[NPR]])
* 89.5 [[WILB (AM)|WILB]] [[Boardman, Ohio|Boardman]] ([[Catholic radio|Catholic]])
* 90.7 [[WKTL]] [[Struthers, Ohio|Struthers]] ([[Adult album alternative]] - [[WAPS (FM)|WAPS]] semi-satellite)
* 91.7 [[WYTN]] Youngstown ([[Christian radio|Christian]] - [[Family Radio]])
* 93.3 [[WNCD]] Youngstown ([[Classic rock]])
* 95.1 [[WYLE (FM)|WYLE]] [[Grove City, Pennsylvania|Grove City, PA]] ([[Classic country]])
* 95.9 [[WAKZ]] [[Sharpsville, Pennsylvania|Sharpsville, PA]] ([[Mainstream urban]])
* 98.9 [[WMXY]] Youngstown ([[Adult contemporary music|Adult contemporary]])
* 101.1 [[WHOT-FM|WHOT]] Youngstown ([[Contemporary hit radio]])
* 101.7 [[WYLR]] [[Hubbard, Ohio|Hubbard]] ([[Contemporary Christian music|Contemporary Christian]] - [[K-Love|K-LOVE]])
* 102.9 [[WYFM]] [[Sharon, Pennsylvania|Sharon, PA]] ([[Classic rock]])
* 103.9 [[WWIZ]] [[West Middlesex, Pennsylvania|West Middlesex, PA]] ([[Oldies]])
* 105.1 [[WQXK]] [[Salem, Ohio|Salem]] ([[Country music|Country]])
* 106.1 [[WBBG]] [[Niles, Ohio|Niles]] ([[Country music|Country]])

==Transportation==

===Public transit===
The Youngstown area is served by the [[Western Reserve Transit Authority]] (WRTA) bus system, which is supported through Mahoning County property and sales taxes. WRTA, whose main terminal is in the downtown area, provides service throughout the city and into surrounding Mahoning and Trumbull counties. The downtown terminal serves as the Youngstown area's [[Greyhound Lines|Greyhound]] terminal.<ref>[http://www.wrtaonline.com/ WRTA Youngstown.] Western Reserve Transit Authority. Retrieved March 7, 2007</ref>

===Air===
The [[Youngstown-Warren Regional Airport]] is the primary airport for the region. As of 2022, no commercial airlines serve the airport, with [[Allegiant Air]] ending service on January 4, 2018.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.wfmj.com/story/36216383/allegiant-air-pulling-out-of-youngstown-airport|title=Allegiant Air pulling out of Youngstown airport|website=www.wfmj.com|language=en|access-date=October 9, 2019}}</ref> The airport is home to the [[Youngstown Air Reserve Station]] and [[910th Airlift Wing]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://aeronav.faa.gov/d-tpp/2009/00466ad.pdf#nameddest=(YNG)|title=Airport Diagram – Youngtown-Warren Rgnl (YNG)|date=August 13, 2020|website=Federal Aviation Administration|access-date=August 15, 2020}}</ref> Smaller general aviation airports in the city and vicinity  include [[Lansdowne Airport]] and [[Youngstown Elser Metro Airport]].

===Rail===
In the vicinity of the WRTA terminal is a former [[Baltimore and Ohio Railroad]] station. The [[Baltimore & Ohio Station (Youngstown)|historic terminal building]] served B&O trains until 1971. Since converted into a banquet hall, it was a station along [[Amtrak]]'s ''[[Three Rivers (train)|Three Rivers]]'' between Chicago and New York from 1995 to 2005.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.banquetatthebno.com/index2.html |title=The B & O Station Banquet Hall |publisher=The B & O Station Banquet Hall |access-date=March 7, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070702170744/http://www.banquetatthebno.com/index2.html |archive-date=July 2, 2007}}</ref> The nearest Amtrak service is the ''[[Capitol Limited]]'' at [[Alliance station]] 42 miles to the southwest. Freight rail lines owned by [[CSX Transportation]], [[Norfolk Southern Railway]], and the [[Youngstown and Southeastern Railroad]] still go through the area.

===Rideshare===
On June 23, 2016, [[Uber]] launched services in Youngstown, covering all of Mahoning County and most of Trumbull County.<ref>{{cite web |date=June 22, 2016 |title=Uber launching in Youngstown area |url=http://wkbn.com/2016/06/22/uber-launching-in-youngstown-area/}}</ref>

==Sister cities==
* {{flagdeco|Slovakia}} [[Spišská Nová Ves]], Slovakia, since 1991<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.youngstownsistercities.com/about.html |title=Our History |date=2006 |publisher=Youngstown - Spišská Nová Ves Sister Cities Program |access-date=October 31, 2014}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[List of people from Youngstown, Ohio]]
* [[Youngstown (song)|"Youngstown" (Bruce Springsteen song)]]
* [[USS Youngstown|USS ''Youngstown'']]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Bibliography==
{{refbegin|colwidth=30em|indent=yes}}
* Aley, Howard C. (1975). ''A Heritage to Share: The Bicentennial History of Youngstown and the Mahoning Valley''. Youngstown, OH: The Bicentennial Commission of Youngstown and Mahoning County, Ohio.
* Blue, Frederick J.; Jenkins, William D.; Lawson, William H.; Reedy, Joan M. (1995). ''Mahoning Memories: A History of Youngstown and Mahoning County''. Virginia Beach, VA: [[The Donning Company]]. {{ISBN|0-89865-944-2}}.
* Brody, David (1960). ''Steelworkers in America''. Cambridge, Massachusetts: [[Harvard University Press]].
* Bruno, Robert (1999). ''Steelworker Alley: How Class Works in Youngstown''. Ithaca, NY: [[Cornell University Press]]. {{ISBN|0-8014-3439-4}}.
* Fuechtmann, Thomas G. (1989). ''Steeples and Stacks: Religion and Steel Crisis in Youngstown''. New York: [[Cambridge University Press]]. {{ISBN|0-521-33481-0}}.
* Jenkins, William D. (1990). ''Steel Valley Klan: The Ku Klux Klan in Ohio's Mahoning Valley''. Kent, OH: [[Kent State University Press]]. {{ISBN|0-87338-415-6}}.
* Knepper, George W. (1989). ''Ohio and Its People''. Kent, OH: Kent State University Press. {{ISBN|0-87338-377-X}}.
* Lemann, Nicholas (1991). ''The Promised Land: The Great Black Migration and How It Changed America.'' New York: Vintage Books. {{ISBN|0-679-73347-7}}.
* Linkon, Sherry Lee; Russo, John (2002). ''Steeltown U.S.A.: Work & Memory in Youngstown''. Lawrence, KS: [[University Press of Kansas]]. {{ISBN|0-7006-1161-4}}.
* Warner, Jack L. (1964). ''My First Hundred Years in Hollywood''. New York: Random House.
{{refend}}

==External links==
{{Sister project links|voy=Youngstown (Ohio)|Youngstown, Ohio}}
* {{Official website|https://youngstownohio.gov/}}

{{Youngstown}}
{{Mahoning County, Ohio}}
{{Trumbull County, Ohio}}
{{Ohio}}
{{Great Lakes Megalopolis}}
{{Ohio county seats}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Youngstown, Ohio| ]]
[[Category:Cities in Ohio]]
[[Category:Cities in Mahoning County, Ohio]]
[[Category:Cities in Trumbull County, Ohio]]
[[Category:1796 establishments in the Northwest Territory]]
[[Category:County seats in Ohio]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1796]]
[[Category:Western Reserve, Ohio]]