Editing Yosef Yitzchak Schneersohn

{{Short description|Sixth Chabad Rebbe (1880–1950)}}
{{Distinguish|Isaac Schneersohn}}
{{Pp-move|small=yes}}
{{Use American English|date=January 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2025}}
{{Infobox Jewish leader
| honorific-prefix = Rabbi
| name = Yosef Yitzchak Schneersohn
| honorific-suffix = 
| title = Frierdiker Rebbe
| image = Frierdiger Rebbe.tif
| caption = 
| synagogue = 
| synagogueposistion = 
| yeshiva = 
| yeshivaposition = 
| organisation = 
| organisationposition = 
| began = 21 March 1920
| ended = 28 January 1950
| predecessor = Sholom Dovber Schneersohn<!-- DO NOT LINK, already linked below -->
| successor = [[Menachem Mendel Schneerson]]
| rabbi = 
| rebbe = 
| kohan = 
| hazzan = 
| rank = 
| other_post = 
| birth_name = 
| birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1880|6|21}}
| birth_place = [[Lyubavichi, Rudnyansky District, Smolensk Oblast|Lyubavichi]], Mogilev Governorate<!-- DO NOT LINK, see [[MOS:GEOLINK]] for further guidance -->, Russian Empire<!-- DO NOT LINK, see [[MOS:GEOLINK]] for further guidance -->
| death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1950|1|28|1880|6|21}}
| death_place = [[Brooklyn]], New York<!-- DO NOT LINK, see [[MOS:GEOLINK]] for further guidance -->, U.S.
| yahrtzeit = 10 [[Shevat]] 5710
| buried = 29 January 1950
| burial_place = [[Queens]], New York<!-- DO NOT LINK, see [[MOS:GEOLINK]] for further guidance -->, U.S.
| nationality = American
| denomination = 
| residence = 
| dynasty = [[Chabad Lubavitch]]
| father = [[Sholom Dovber Schneersohn]]
| mother = Shterna Sarah
| spouse = Nechama Dina Schneersohn
| children = {{Flatlist|
* Chana
* [[Chaya Mushka Schneerson|Chaya Mushka]]
* [[Shaina Horenstein|Shaina]]
}}
| occupation = 
| profession = 
| alma_mater = 
| semicha = 
| signature = 
}}

[[Image: Friedrdiker Rebbe.webp |thumb|right|200px|Rabbi Yosef Yitzchak Schneersohn]]

'''Yosef Yitzchak''' ('''Joseph Isaac''')<ref>His [http://chabadlibrary.org/exhibit/ex4/ed98.jpg Certificate of Naturalization] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070407080257/http://chabadlibrary.org/exhibit/ex4/ed98.jpg |date=7 April 2007 }} gives his name as Joseph Isaack.</ref> '''Schneersohn''' ({{langx|yi|יוסף יצחק שניאורסאהן}}; 21 June 1880 – 28 January 1950) was an Orthodox [[rabbi]] and the sixth [[Rebbe]] (spiritual leader) of the [[Chabad Lubavitch]] [[Hasidic movement]]. He is also known as the '''Frierdiker Rebbe''' ([[Yiddish]] for "Previous Rebbe"), the '''''Rebbe RaYYaTz''''', or the '''''Rebbe Rayatz''''' (an acronym for Rabbi Yosef Yitzchak). After many years of fighting to keep [[Orthodox Judaism]] alive from within the [[Soviet Union]], he was forced to leave; he continued to conduct the struggle from [[Latvia]], and then [[Poland]], and eventually the United States, where he spent the last ten years of his life.

== Early life ==
Yosef Yitzchak Schneersohn was born in [[Lyubavichi, Rudnyansky District, Smolensk Oblast|Lyubavichi]], Mogilev Governorate<!-- DO NOT LINK, see [[MOS:GEOLINK]] for further guidance -->, Russian Empire<!-- DO NOT LINK, see [[MOS:GEOLINK]] for further guidance --> (present-day [[Smolensk Oblast]], Russia<!-- DO NOT LINK, see [[MOS:GEOLINK]] for further guidance -->), the only son of [[Sholom Dovber Schneersohn]] (the ''Rebbe Rashab''), the fifth [[Rebbe]] of [[Chabad]]. He was appointed as his father's personal secretary at the age of 15; in that year, he represented his father in the conference of communal leaders in [[Kaunas|Kovno]]. The following year (1896), he participated in the [[Vilna]] Conference, where rabbis and community leaders discussed issues such as: genuine Jewish education; permission for Jewish children not to attend public school on [[Shabbat]]; and the creation of a united Jewish organization for the purpose of strengthening Judaism. He participated in this conference again in 1908.<ref name="four">The Four Worlds, Rabbi Yosef Yitzchak Schneersohn, Kehot, 2006, pp. 87–90. {{ISBN|0-8266-0462-5}}</ref>

On 13 [[Elul]] 5657 (1897), at the age of 17, he married his second cousin, Nechama Dina Schneersohn, daughter of Rabbi Avraham Schneerson of [[Chișinău]], son of Rabbi Yisroel Noach of [[Nizhyn]], son of Rabbi [[Menachem Mendel Schneersohn]], the Tzemach Tzedek.<ref name="four"/>

In 1898, he was appointed head of the [[Tomchei Temimim]] yeshiva network.<ref name="four"/>

In 1901, with financial support from Yaakov and Eliezer Poliakoff he opened spinning and weaving mills in [[Dubrovno]] and [[Mahilyow]] and established a [[yeshiva]] in [[Bukhara]].<ref name="four"/><ref name="wer">''Encyclopedia of Hasidism, entry: Schneersohn, Joseph Isaac''. Naftali Lowenthal. Aronson, London 1996. {{ISBN|1-56821-123-6}}</ref>

As he matured, he campaigned for the rights of Jews by appearing before the [[Czar]]ist authorities in [[Saint Petersburg]] and Moscow. During the [[Russo-Japanese War]] of 1904 he sought relief for Jewish conscripts in the [[Russian army]] by sending them [[kosher]] food and supplies in the [[Russian Far East]].<ref name="wer"/> In 1905, he participated in organizing a fund to provide [[Passover]] needs for troops in the Far East.{{citation needed|date=March 2021}}

With rising [[antisemitism]] and [[pogrom]]s against Jews, in 1906 he traveled with other prominent rabbis to seek help from [[Western European]] governments, especially [[German Empire|Germany]] and the [[Netherlands]], and persuaded bankers there to use their influence to stop pogroms.<ref name="four"/><ref name="wer"/>

He was arrested four times between 1902 and 1911 by the [[Czarist]] police because of his activism, but was released each time.{{citation needed|date=March 2021}}

Upon the death of his father, Rabbi [[Sholom Dovber Schneersohn]] (''"Rashab"''), in 1920, Schneerson became the sixth Rebbe of [[Chabad]].

== Battling the Bolsheviks ==
Following the takeover of Russia by the Communists they created a special "Jewish affairs section" run by Jews, known as the ''[[Yevsektsiya]]'', which instigated anti-religious activities meant to strip Orthodox Jews of their religious way of life. As rebbe of a Russia-based Jewish movement, Schneersohn was vehemently outspoken against the [[state atheism]] of the Communist regime and its goal of forcibly eradicating religion throughout the land. He purposely directed his followers to set up religious schools, going against the dictates of the [[Marxist]]-[[Leninist]] "[[dictatorship of the proletariat]]".{{citation needed|date=March 2021}}

In 1921, he established a branch of Tomchei Temimim in [[Warsaw]].<ref name="four"/>

In 1924, he was forced by the [[Cheka]] (Russian secret police) to leave [[Rostov, Yaroslavl Oblast|Rostov]] due to the Yevsektsiya's slander, and settled in [[Leningrad]].<ref name="wer"/> In this time he labored to strengthen [[Torah observance]] through activities involving rabbis, Torah schools for children, yeshivot, [[shochet|shochtim]], senior Torah-instructors and the opening of [[mikveh|mikva'ot]]; he established a special committee to help manual workers be able to observe [[Shabbat]]. He established [[Agudas Chasidei Chabad]] in USA and Canada.<ref name="four"/>

In 1927, he established a number of yeshivot in Bukhara.<ref name="four"/>

He was primarily responsible for the maintenance of the now-clandestine Chabad yeshiva system, which had ten branches throughout Russia by this time. He was under continual surveillance by agents of the [[NKVD]].{{citation needed|date=March 2021}}

=== Imprisonment and release ===
{{Main|12-13 Tammuz}}
In 1927, he was arrested and imprisoned in the Shpalerna or Shpalerka Prison (latter known as Bolshoy Dom) in [[Leningrad]]. He was accused of [[counter-revolutionary]] activities, and sentenced to death.<ref name="wer"/> A worldwide storm of outrage and pressure from Western governments and the [[International Red Cross]] forced the communist regime to commute the death sentence and instead on [[3 Tammuz]] it banished him to [[Kostroma]] for an original sentence of three years.<ref name="wer"/> [[Yekaterina Peshkova]], a prominent Russian human rights activist, helped from inside as well. This was also commuted following political pressure from the outside, and in July 1927, he was finally allowed to leave Russia for [[Riga]] in Latvia,<ref>''[[Ami Magazine]]''. No. 245. p. 95.</ref> where he lived until 1929 before traveling to [[Mandatory Palestine]] (now Israel).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rabbi Joseph Isaac Schneersohn, the "Rebbe Rayatz" (1880-1950) A brief biography of the sixth Chabad Rebbe |url=https://www.chabad.org/library/article_cdo/aid/425/jewish/The-Rebbe-Rayatz.htm |website=Chabad.org}}</ref>

Yosef Yitzchak's release from Soviet imprisonment is celebrated each year by the Chabad community.<ref name=sichos5738>Schneerson, Menachem M. [http://www.sichosinenglish.org/books/sichos-in-english/1/28.htm "Yud-Beis Tammuz 5738."] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140429045707/http://www.sichosinenglish.org/books/sichos-in-english/1/28.htm |date=29 April 2014 }} ''Sichos in English: 5738. Volume 1.'' Vaad Lehafotzas Sichos (Sichos in English). 1978. sichosinenglish.org. Retrieved 28 April 2014.</ref>

After his release, Yosef Yitzchak went to Mandatory Palestine where he saw holy gravesites, local yeshivas and Torah centers,<ref>[[Jewish Morning Journal|Der Morgen Journal]], 18 September 1929.</ref> and met with rabbis and community leaders from 7–22 August 1929.<ref>''Der Morgen Journal'', 18 September 1929.</ref> He visited [[Hebron]] ten days before the [[1929 Hebron massacre|massacre]] and, according to Chabad accounts, was the first Jew for many years to be allowed into the [[Cave of the Patriarchs]].<ref name=EinGil>{{cite news | author = Ehud Ein-Gil | title = Into the maelstrom | newspaper = Haaretz | date = 20 August 2004}} [https://www.haaretz.com/2004-08-20/ty-article/into-the-maelstrom/0000017f-db5a-d3ff-a7ff-fbfaf5a90000 Part 1] [https://www.haaretz.com/2004-08-20/ty-article/into-the-maelstrom-part-ii/0000017f-db5a-d3ff-a7ff-fbfaa67a0000 Part 2]</ref> Little information is available about the effect his visit had on the attitude of the local Arabs.<ref name=EinGil/>

== 1929: First visit to the United States ==
{{Chabad (Rebbes and Chasidim)|Rebbes of Chabad}}
Following his trip to the Holy Land, he turned his attention to the United States, arriving in Manhattan on 17 September 1929 (12 [[Elul]] 5689) on the French passenger liner [[SS France (1910)|S.S. France]].<ref>[[Brooklyn Daily Eagle]], [https://www.newspapers.com/image/58266318/?terms=6%2C000%2Bdue%2Btoday 17 September 1929, p. 8]; ''[[The Forward|Forward]]'', 18 September 1929, pp. 1, 12.</ref> Schneersohn was greeted by some 600 people, with security provided by over 100 New York City police officers.<ref>''Brooklyn Daily Eagle'', [https://www.newspapers.com/image/58266306/ 17 September 1929, p.2].</ref> "May the Almighty bless this great country that has been a refuge for our Jewish people," he said at his arrival.<ref name="18 September 1929, p.18">''Brooklyn Daily Eagle'', [https://www.newspapers.com/image/58266423/ 18 September 1929, p.18].</ref> The purpose of his visit was to assess the educational and religious state of American Jewry, and raise awareness of the plight of Soviet Jews.<ref name="18 September 1929, p.18"/> Hailed as "one of the greatest Jews of our age,"<ref>Joint statement of the [[Union of Orthodox Rabbis of the United States and Canada]] and of the Rabbinical Board of New York, cited in ''Brooklyn Daily Eagle'', [https://www.newspapers.com/image/58266423/ 18 September 1929, p. 18].</ref> he was honored at a 28 October banquet in Manhattan by Orthodox, Conservative and Reform Jewish leaders.<ref>''Jewish Daily Bulletin'', [http://www.jta.org/1929/10/28/archive/to-honor-famous-chassidic-rabbi-tonight 28 October 1929, p. 3].</ref>

While in the United States, Schneersohn also traveled (among places other than New York) to [[Philadelphia]],<ref>{{Cite web|last=Geberer, Yehuda & Safier, Dovi|title=Life, Liberty & The Lubavitcher Rebbe|date=20 January 2021|url=https://mishpacha.com/life-liberty-and-the-lubavitcher-rebbe/}}</ref><ref>[[Jewish Exponent]], 20 December 1929; ''Philadelphia City News'', 27 December 1929.</ref> [[Baltimore]],<ref>[[Baltimore Sun]], 13 January 1930.</ref> Detroit,<ref>[[Detroit Jewish News]], 18 April 1930, p. 6.</ref> [[Boston]],<ref>''Jewish Daily Bulletin'', [http://www.jta.org/1930/06/15/archive/boston-jewry-to-play-host-to-lubawitscher-rebbe 15 June 1930, p. 2].</ref> and Chicago.<ref>''The Sentinel'' (Chicago), 14 February 1930, p.[5].</ref> On 10 July, he met President [[Herbert Hoover]] at the White House.<ref>''The Sentinel'' (Chicago), 25 July 1930, p. 11.</ref> As the [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] presidential candidate, Hoover had lobbied for his release.<ref name="wer"/> Lubavitch followers in America begged their Rebbe to leave Russia and stay in America, but Schneersohn declined, saying that America was an [[Irreligion|irreligious]] place where even rabbis [[Shaving in Judaism|shaved off their beards]]. He left the United States to return to [[Riga]], [[Latvia]], on 17 July 1930.<ref>''Jewish Daily Bulletin'', [http://www.jta.org/1930/07/18/archive/lubawitscher-rebbe-sails-for-home-as-thousands-see-him-off 18 July 1930, p. 4].</ref>

From 1934 until the early part of [[World War II]], he lived in [[Warsaw]], Poland.{{citation needed|date=March 2021}}

== 1940: Settling in the United States ==
Following [[Nazi Germany]]'s attack against Poland in 1939, Schneersohn refused to leave Warsaw. The government of the United States of America, which was still neutral, used its diplomatic relations to convince Nazi Germany to rescue Schneersohn from the war zone in German-occupied Poland.<ref name="Rigg, Bryan Mark 2006">Rigg, Bryan Mark, ''Rescued from the Reich: How One of Hitler's Soldiers Saved the Lubavitcher Rebbe'' (Yale University Press 2006)</ref> He remained in the city during the bombardments and its capitulation to Nazi Germany. He gave the full support of his organizations to assist as many Jews as possible to flee the invading armies. With the intercession of the [[United States Department of State]] in Washington, DC and with the lobbying of many Jewish leaders, such as [[Jacob Rutstein]], on behalf of the Rebbe (and, reputedly, also with the help of Admiral [[Wilhelm Canaris]],<ref>Altein, R, Zaklikofsky, E, Jacobson, I: "Out of the Inferno: The Efforts That Led to the Rescue of Rabbi Yosef Yitzchak Schneersohn of Lubavitch from War Torn Europe in 1939–40", p. 160. Merkos L'Inyonei Chinuch, 2002 {{ISBN|0-8266-0683-0}}</ref> the head of the [[Abwehr]]), he was finally granted diplomatic immunity and given safe passage to go via Berlin to [[Riga]], Latvia, where the Rebbe was a citizen and which was still free. From Riga, the Rebbe left for America by way of Sweden with his wife, his mother Shterna Sarah, [[Shemaryahu Gurary]], his wife Chana and son [[Barry Gurary|Berka]], [[Chaim Mordechai Aizik Hodakov]] and his wife, and [[Nissan Mindel]]. They traveled in a small plane to Sweden since boats were no longer permitted out of Riga, landing in [[Stockholm]], and then took a boat to [[Gothenburg]]. There, they boarded the [[SS Drottningholm|''Drottningholm'']] which sailed to America,<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Mindel|first=Nissan|author-link=Nissan Mindel|date=2 December 2015|title=My Life and Times|magazine=[[Ami (magazine)|Ami]]|issue=245|page=100}}</ref> arriving in New York City on 19 March 1940,<ref>[http://www.chabad.org/multimedia/livingtorah_cdo/aid/363468/jewish/The-Previous-Rebbes-Arrival-to-America.htm See video] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081204092159/http://www.chabad.org/multimedia/livingtorah_cdo/aid/363468/jewish/The-Previous-Rebbes-Arrival-to-America.htm |date=4 December 2008 }}.</ref> and where they stayed at Manhattan’s [[The Greystone|Greystone Hotel]].<ref>''[[Ami Magazine]]''. No. 245. p. 101.</ref> Major {{ill|Ernst Bloch (Offizier)|lt=Ernst Bloch|de|Ernst Bloch (Offizier)}}, a decorated German army officer of Jewish descent, was put in command of a group which included Sgt. Klaus Schenk, a [[half-Jew]] and Pvt. Johannes Hamburger, a quarter-Jew assigned to locate the Rebbe in Poland and escort him safely to freedom.<ref name="Rigg, Bryan Mark 2006"/> They wound up saving not only the Rebbe, but also over a dozen Hasidic Jews in the Rebbe's family or associated with him.<ref name="Rigg, Bryan Mark 2006"/>

[[Image: FrierdigerRebbePassportPic.jpg |thumb|right|200px|Rabbi Yosef Yitzchak Schneersohn Passport Picture (1933)]]

Working with the government and the contacts Schneersohn had with the US State Department, Chabad was able to save his son-in-law (and future successor) Menachem Mendel Schneerson from Vichy France in 1941 before the borders were closed down.<ref>Friedman, Menachem, and Heilman, Samuel, The Rebbe: The Life and Afterlife of Menachem Mendel Schneerson, Princeton, 2010; Bryan Mark Rigg, The Rabbi Saved by Hitler's Soldiers, Kansas, 2016.</ref>
When Schneersohn came to America (he was the first major Chasidic leader to move permanently to the United States<ref>"Schneerson, Yoseph Yitzchak", in Moshe D. Sherman, ''Orthodox Judaism in America: A Biographical Dictionary and Sourcebook'' (Westport, CN: Greenwood Press, 1996), p. 189.</ref>) two of his chassidim came to him, and said not to start up all the activities in which Lubavitch had engaged in Europe, because "America is different." To avoid disappointment, they advised him not even to try. Schneersohn wrote, "Out of my eyes came boiling tears", and undeterred, the next day he started the first Lubavitcher Yeshiva in America, declaring that "America is no different."<ref>[http://www.chabad.org/multimedia/livingtorah_cdo/aid/363467/jewish/America-is-no-Different.htm See video] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081207054945/http://www.chabad.org/multimedia/livingtorah_cdo/aid/363467/jewish/America-is-no-Different.htm |date=7 December 2008 }}.</ref> In 1949, Schneersohn became a U.S. citizen.<ref>The Previous Rebbe Accepts US Citizenship - Program One Hundred Twenty Eight - Living Torah. Chabad.org. 17 March 1949; "Out of the Inferno," Reviewed by Efraim Zuroff, The Jerusalem Post, 15 December 2002; Bryan Mark Rigg, The Rabbi Saved by Hitler's Soldiers, Kansas, 2016.</ref>

[[Image: הרב שמריהו גוראריה לצד חותנו הרייצ.jpg |thumb|right|200px|Left to right: [[Shemaryahu Gurary]], [[Yosef Yitzhak Schneersohn]], and [[Menachem Mendel Schneerson]] (1943)]]

Following Schneerson's escape from Nazi occupied Poland and his settlement in New York City, he issued a call for repentance, stating ''L'alter l'tshuva, l'alter l'geula'' ("speedy repentance brings a speedy redemption"). This campaign was opposed by rabbis [[Avraham Kalmanowitz]] and [[Aaron Kotler]] of the ''[[Vaad Hatzalah]]''. In return, Schneersohn was critical of the efforts of rabbis Kalmanowitz and Kotler based on the suspicion that Kalmanowitz and Kotler were discriminating in their use of funds, placing their yeshivas before all else, and that the [[Mizrachi (religious Zionism)|Mizrachi]] and [[Union of Orthodox Rabbis|Agudas Harabonim]] withdrew their support of the Vaad after they discovered this fact.<ref>Rigg, Bryan Mark. ''Rescued from the Reich''. Cambridge University Press. 2005.</ref>

== Launch of Lubavitch activities in the United States ==
During the last decade of Rabbi Schneersohn's life, from 1940 to 1950, he settled in the [[Crown Heights, Brooklyn|Crown Heights]] section of [[Brooklyn]] in New York City. Rabbi Schneersohn was already physically weak and ill from his suffering at the hands of the Communists and the [[Nazism|Nazis]] and from multiple health issues including multiple sclerosis,<ref></https://www.chabad.org/therebbe/article_cdo/aid/1104700/jewish/I-Have-Come-to-My-Garden.htm></ref> but he had a strong vision of rebuilding [[Orthodox Judaism]] in America, and he wanted his movement to spearhead it. To do so, he went on a building campaign to establish religious [[Jewish day school]]s and [[yeshiva]]s for boys and girls, women and men. He established printing houses for the voluminous writings and publications of his movement, and started the process of spreading Jewish observance to the Jewish masses worldwide.{{citation needed|date=March 2021}}

He began to teach publicly, and many came to seek out his teachings. He began gathering and sending out a small number of his newly trained rabbis to other cities - a trend later emulated and amplified by his son-in-law and successor, Rabbi [[Menachem Mendel Schneerson]].{{citation needed|date=March 2021}}

In 1948, he established a Lubavitch village in the [[Land of Israel]] known as [[Kfar Chabad]] near [[Tel Aviv]], on the site of the de-populated [[Arab people|Arab]] village of [[Al-Safiriyya]].<ref name="wer"/>

He died in 1950, and was buried at Montefiore Cemetery in [[Queens]], New York City. He had no sons, and his younger son-in-law, Rabbi [[Menachem Mendel Schneerson]] ("The Rebbe") succeeded him as Lubavitcher Rebbe, while the older son-in-law, Rabbi [[Shemaryahu Gurary]] continued to run the Chabad Yeshiva network [[Tomchei Temimim]].{{citation needed|date=March 2021}}

After Rabbi Schneersohn's passing, his gravesite, known as "the ''[[Ohel (Chabad)|Ohel]]''", became a central point of focus for his successor Rabbi Menachem Mendel Schneerson, who would visit it regularly for many hours of prayer, meditation, and supplication for Jews all over the world.{{citation needed|date=March 2021}}

[[Image: אוהל הרבי מליובאוויטש - מבט מלמעלה.jpg |thumb|right|200px|Visitors to Rabbi Yosef Yitzchak Schneersohn Gravesite]]

[[Image: פתקים בתוך אוהל הרבי מליובאוויטש.jpg |thumb|right|200px|Letters left at gravesite]]

After his successor's passing and burial next to his father-in-law, philanthropist [[Joseph Gutnick]] of Melbourne, Australia, established the Ohel Chabad-Lubavitch Center on Francis Lewis Boulevard in [[Queens]], which is located adjacent to the joint grave site.{{citation needed|date=March 2021}}

== Book collection ==
During his life in [[Smolensk Governorate|Smolensk]], Rabbi Schneersohn set up a collection of his family's religious books and writings. It includes texts dating back to the 16th century. After World War I, the Bolsheviks found part of the collection and moved it to the [[Russian State Library]]. Another part of the collection was confiscated by Soviet troops in Nazi Germany during World War II and moved to Russia's military archive. In 1994, seven books were loaned to the [[U.S. Library of Congress]] for 60 days through an inter-library exchange program.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://news.yahoo.com/russian-court-demands-u-library-congress-hand-over-202331936.html|title=Russian court demands U.S. Library of Congress hand over Jewish texts|date=23 May 2014|agency=Reuters|access-date=23 May 2014}}</ref>

The books were given to the [[Library of Agudas Chassidei Chabad|Chabad-Lubavitch library]] which helped to prolong the use of the books twice, in 1995 and 1996, before they finally refused to return them to Russia in 2000. They proposed an exchange for the opportunity to keep the books indefinitely, but Russia refused. In 2004, the Chabad-Lubavitch filed a lawsuit against Russia, claiming the remaining books. In 2010, an American court granted their claim, which Russia ignored as invalid.{{citation needed|date=December 2020}} In retaliation, in 2011 Russia put a ban on lending works to American museums. In 2014, Senior United States District Judge [[Royce C. Lamberth]] imposed fines of $50,000 a day for Russia refusing to return the Schneersohn collection of more than 12,000 books and 50,000 religious papers. Since Rabbi Schneersohn had no heirs, Russia claims the collection is a [[national treasure]] of the Russian people. This dispute is related to the deteriorating ties between Moscow and the U.S. over the ongoing [[2014 Russian military intervention in Ukraine]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/01/18/world/europe/russia-warns-of-retaliation-over-us-ruling-on-jewish-collection.html?pagewanted=1&_r=0|title=Russia Warns of Retaliation Over U.S. Ruling on a Jewish Collection|date=17 January 2013|work=The New York Times|access-date=17 January 2013}}</ref> A Russian court ruled that the Library of Congress should pay fines of $50,000 a day for refusing to return the books.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://forward.com/articles/198748/russia-court-demands--hasidic-trove-books-back/|title=Russia Court Demands 7 Hasidic Trove Books Back – Sets 50K-a-Day Fine|date=22 May 2014|work=The Jewish Daily Forward|access-date=22 May 2014}}</ref>

== Published works ==

=== Hebrew and Yiddish ===
*Sefer Hamaamarim – 5680–5689, 8 vol.
*Sefer Hamaamarim – 5692–5693.
*Sefer Hamaamarim – 5696–5711, 15 vol.
*Sefer Hamaamarim – Kuntresim, 3 vol.
*Sefer Hamaamarim – Yiddish
*Sefer Hasichot – 5680–5691, 2 vol.
*Sefer Hasichot – 5696–5710, 8 vol.
*Likkutei Dibburim, 4 vol.
*Kuntres Torat Hachasidut
*Kuntres Limud Hachasidut
*Admur Hatzemach Tzedek U'Tenuat Hahaskalah
*Kitzurim L'Biurei Hazohar
*Sefer Hakitzurim – Shaarei Orah
*Kitzurim L'Kuntres Hatefillah
*Sefer Hazichronot, 2 vol.
*Moreh Shiur B'Limudei Yom Yom – Chumash, Tehillim, Tanya
*Seder Haselichot
*Maamar V'Ha'ish Moshe Anav, 5698
*Igrot Kodesh, 14 vol.
*Klalei Chinuch veHaDracha

=== Hebrew translations ===
*Likkutei Dibburim, 5 vol.
*Sefer Hasichot – 5700–5705, 3 vol.
*Sefer Hazichronot, 2 vol.

=== English translations ===
*Lubavitcher Rabbi's Memoirs, 3 vol.
*The Tzemach Tzedek and the Haskala Movement
*On Learning Chasidut
*On the Teachings of Chasidut
*Some Aspects of Chabad Chasidism
*Chasidic Discourses, 2 vol.
*Likkutei Dibburim, 6 vol.
*The Principles of Education and Guidance
*The Heroic Struggle
*The Four Worlds
*Creation and Redemption 
*The Majestic Bride
*Oneness in Creation
*Touching a City’s Soul
*Defiance and Devotion

=== CD/video ===
*''America Is No Different''

== In film ==
Rabbi Yosef Yitzchak's escape from Poland was the subject of a 2011 Israeli documentary film ''Ha'rabi Ve'hakatzin Ha'germani'' (''The Chabad Rebbe and the German Officer'').<ref>[http://www.israelfilmcenter.org/israeli-film-database/films/the-chabad-rebbe-and-the-german-officer The Chabad Rebbe and the German Officer. IsraelFilmCenter.org. Accessed 16 January 2014.] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140105092548/http://www.israelfilmcenter.org/israeli-film-database/films/the-chabad-rebbe-and-the-german-officer |date=5 January 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.jmtfilms.com/201353/History#chabad |title=The Chabad Rebbe and the German Officer. JMTFilms.com. Accessed 16 January 2014. |access-date=18 January 2014 |archive-date=1 February 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140201211425/http://www.jmtfilms.com/201353/History#chabad |url-status=dead }}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[770 Eastern Parkway]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20080518044425/http://www.chabad.org/library/article_cdo/aid/425/jewish/The-Previous-Rebbe.htm Biography]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20120125005705/http://www.chabad.org/library/article_cdo/aid/36247/jewish/Overview.htm The "Ohel" – Gravesite]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20080621101932/http://www.chabad.org/library/article_cdo/aid/1206/jewish/Appendix-Yahrtzeit-Observances.htm Yud Shvat]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20080426151230/http://www.chabad.org/search/keyword_cdo/kid/1348/jewish/Schneersohn-Rabbi-Yosef-Yitzchak.htm Books in English]
*[http://www.ibiblio.org/yiddish/Book/lrm/lrmcontent.html Memoirs]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20080523102525/http://www.chabad.org/multimedia/media_cdo/aid/72746/jewish/America-is-no-Different.htm Video of Schneersohn arriving in America]
*[http://www.loebtree.com/tsemah.html#6 Family Tree]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20070426012959/http://www.chabadlibrary.org/books/maharyatz/index.htm Some of his published works in Hebrew]
*[http://jewishhistorylectures.org/2015/03/03/who-was-rabbi-yosef-yitzchak-schneerson-jewish-biography-as-history/ Who Was Rabbi Yosef Yitzchak Schneerson?] by [[Henry Abramson|Dr. Henry Abramson]]
*[https://mishpacha.com/life-liberty-and-the-lubavitcher-rebbe/ Life, Liberty & Lubavitch: The Philadelphia Visit of the Rebbe Rayatz]

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{{succession box | before = [[Sholom Dovber Schneersohn]] | title = [[Rebbe]] of [[Chabad Lubavitch|Lubavitch]] | years = 1920–1950 | after = [[Menachem Mendel Schneerson]]}}
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{{Chabad}}
{{Schneersohn family tree}}

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[[Category:Yosef Yitzchak Schneersohn| ]]
[[Category:1880 births]]
[[Category:1950 deaths]]
[[Category:American Hasidic rabbis]]
[[Category:Hasidic rabbis in Europe]]
[[Category:Kabbalists]]
[[Category:People from Orshansky Uyezd]]
[[Category:People from Rudnyansky District, Smolensk Oblast]]
[[Category:Philosophers of Judaism]]
[[Category:Prisoners sentenced to death by the Soviet Union]]
[[Category:Rebbes of Lubavitch]]
[[Category:Russian Hasidic rabbis]]
[[Category:Russian prisoners sentenced to death]]
[[Category:Schneersohn family]]
[[Category:Soviet emigrants to the United States]]
[[Category:Soviet expellees]]
[[Category:Soviet rabbis]]
[[Category:American people of Belarusian-Jewish descent]]
[[Category:Burials at Montefiore Cemetery]]