Editing Xalapa

{{Short description|Municipality and city in Veracruz, Mexico}}
{{Other uses|Xalapa (disambiguation)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name               = Xalapa
| native_name        = Xalapan
| official_name      = Xalapa-Enríquez
| other_name         = Jalapa
| nickname           = {{lang|es|La Ciudad de las Flores}}<br />("The City of Flowers")
| settlement_type    = [[Municipalities of Mexico|Municipality]] and [[Settlement classification in Mexico|City]]
| motto              = Xalapa
| image_skyline      = Xalapa montage.jpg
| imagesize          = 
| image_caption      = '''Clockwise, from upper left:''' [[Pico de Orizaba]], General [[Juan de la Luz Enríquez Lara]] tomb, [[Xalapa Cathedral]], Centro Mayor Tower, panoramic view from the Macuiltepetl's Mountain, Olmec colossal head from the [[Xalapa Museum of Anthropology]],  ''Araucaria'' sculpture.
| image_flag         = 
| image_seal         = 
| image_shield       = Escudo de armas de Xalapa.svg
| image_map          = 
| mapsize            = 
| map_caption        = 
| pushpin_map        = Mexico Veracruz#Mexico#North America
| pushpin_mapsize    = 
| subdivision_type   = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_name   = {{MEX}}
| subdivision_type1  = [[Political divisions of Mexico|State]]
| subdivision_name1  = [[Veracruz]]
| subdivision_type2  = Region
| subdivision_name2  = [[Capital Region, Veracruz|Capital Region]]
| government_type    = 
| leader_title       = Mayor
| leader_name        = [[Ricardo Ahued|Ricardo Ahued Bardahuil]] (since 2022) ([[National Regeneration Movement|MORENA]])
| leader_title1      = Federal Deputies
| leader_name1       = 
| leader_title2      = Local Deputies
| leader_name2       = Tanya Carol Viveros Chávez (MORENA), Daniela Ceballos (MORENA)
| established_title  = Founded
| established_date   = 1313
| established_title2 = Declared as a city
| established_date2  = 18 December 1791
| area_magnitude     = 
| unit_pref          = 
| area_footnotes     = 
| area_total_km2     = 124.4
| area_total_sq_mi   = 
| area_land_km2      = 
| area_land_sq_mi    = 
| area_water_km2     = 
| area_water_sq_mi   = 
| area_water_percent = 
| area_urban_km2     = 
| area_urban_sq_mi   = 
| area_metro_km2     = 
| area_metro_sq_mi   = <!-- Population   ----------------------->
| population_as_of   = 2020
| population_footnotes = 
| population_demonym = Jalapeño, Xalapeño
| population_note    = 
| population_total   = 488,531
| population_density_km2 = 3,927.8
| population_density_sq_mi = 
| population_blank1_title = Seat
| population_blank1  = 443,063 <!-- population of seat -->
| population_blank2_title = Metro
| population_blank2  = 789,157
| population_density_blank2_km2 = 622.21
| population_density_blank1_sq_mi = 
| demographics_type1 = [[GDP|GDP (PPP, constant 2015 values)]]
| demographics1_footnotes = 
| demographics1_title1 = Year
| demographics1_info1 = 2023
| demographics1_title2 = Total (Metro)
| demographics1_info2 = $9&nbsp;billion<ref name="TelluBase">{{cite web|url=https://tellusant.com/repo/tb/tellubase_factsheet_mex.pdf|publisher=Tellusant|title=TelluBase—Mexico Fact Sheet (Tellusant Public Service Series)| access-date = 2024-01-11}}</ref>
| demographics1_title3 = Per capita
| demographics1_info3 = $11,000 <!-- General information  --------------->
| timezone           = [[Central Standard Time|CST]]
| utc_offset         = −6
| timezone_DST       = 
| utc_offset_DST     = 
| coordinates        = {{coord|19|32|24|N|96|55|59|W|region:MX|display=inline}}
| elevation_m        = 1417
| elevation_ft       = 
| postal_code_type   = 
| postal_code        = 
| website            = [http://www.xalapa.gob.mx/ www.xalapa.gob.mx]
| footnotes          = 
}}

'''Xalapa''' or '''Jalapa''' ({{IPAc-en|lang|h|ə|ˈ|l|ɑː|p|ə}},<ref>{{cite EB1911 |wstitle=Jalapa |volume=15 |page=131}}</ref> {{IPA|es|xaˈlapa|lang|XalapaPronunciation.ogg}}), officially '''Xalapa-Enríquez''' ({{IPA|es|xaˈlapa enˈrikes|IPA}}), is the capital city of the [[Mexico|Mexican]] [[List of states of Mexico|state]] of [[Veracruz]] and the name of the surrounding municipality. In 2020 census the city reported a population of 443,063 and the [[municipalities of Veracruz|municipality]] of which it serves as municipal seat reported a population of 488,531.<ref name=CENSOXALAPA2020>[http://ceieg.veracruz.gob.mx/wp-content/uploads/sites/21/2021/06/XALAPA_2021.pdf Censo Xalapa 2020] CEEIG</ref> The municipality has an area of 118.45&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>. Xalapa lies near the geographic center of the state and is the second-largest city in the state after the city of [[Veracruz (city)|Veracruz]] to the southeast.

== Etymology ==
[[File:Palacio de Gobierno de Xalapa 1.JPG|thumb|left|The Palace of Government of Veracruz (Governor's Office)]]
The name ''Xalapa'' comes from the [[Classical Nahuatl]] roots {{lang|nci|xālli}} ({{IPA|nah|ʃaːlːi|pron}}, 'sand') and {{lang|nci|āpan}} ({{IPA|nah|aːpan|}}, 'place of water'), which means approximately 'spring in the sand'. It's classically pronounced {{IPA|nah|ʃalaːpan|}} in Nahuatl, although the final /n/ is often omitted.{{Citation needed|date=February 2021}} This was adopted into Spanish as ''Xalapa''.

The complete name of the city is ''Xalapa-Enríquez'', bestowed in honor of a governor from the 19th century, [[Juan de la Luz Enríquez]]. The city's nickname, "City of Flowers" ({{langx|es|La ciudad de las flores}}), was given by [[Alexander von Humboldt]], who visited the city 10 February 1804. The reference is also related to the city's older colonial history. According to folklore, the Spanish believed that Jalapa was the birthplace and home of the world's most beautiful woman, {{lang|es|la Florecita}}, which literally means 'little flower'.{{Citation needed|date=April 2018}} The residents of Xalapa are called {{lang|es|Xalapeños}} or {{lang|es|[[Jalapeño]]s}}, which is also the name given to the popular large peppers cultivated in this area.

==History==
The [[Totonac]]s first established themselves around [[Macuiltepetl]] ("fifth mountain" in Nahuatl).<ref>(Macuilli: five, fifth; Tepetl: hill, mountain).</ref> This extinct volcano received its name because the [[Aztec]]s used it as the fifth reference mountain to get to the gulf of Mexico's shores. Today it is preserved in a park. During the 14th century, four indigenous peoples settled in the territory today known as Xalapa. Each built a small village: Xalitic (in the sand) was founded by the Totonacas; in the northeast Tecuanapan (river of the beasts) was founded by the [[Toltec]]as, and Tlalnecapan was founded by the Teochichimecas.

Around 1313, the four villages grew together and joined, forming one large village named Xallapan. [[Moctezuma Ilhuicamina]], the fifth [[Aztec]] emperor, invaded the territory during the second half of the 15th century. All the land was ruled as part of the Aztec Empire before the arrival and conquest of the Spanish [[conquistador]]es.

In 1519 [[Hernán Cortés]] passed through en route to [[Tenochtitlan]].<ref name=Diaz>Diaz, B., 1963, The Conquest of New Spain, London: Penguin Books, {{ISBN|0140441239}}</ref>{{rp|135}}  In 1555 Spanish Franciscans completed construction of a [[convent]], an important event in the [[Nueva España]] of that time.

[[File:Carlos IV de rojo.jpg|thumb|left|upright|[[Charles IV of Spain]] officially elevated the status of Xalapa to [[Title of villa|villa]] on 18 December 1791.]]
When the Spanish invaded, Xalapa was barely populated. The population rose after the conquest and colonial settlement. When the Spanish improved the Mexico-[[Orizaba]]-[[Veracruz]] route, Xalapa declined in importance as a  transport hub, and its population stagnated in the 17th century.<ref name="MX">{{cite web|title=Xalapa:Historia |url=http://www.e-local.gob.mx/work/templates/enciclo/veracruz/municipios/30087a.htm |work=Enciclopedia de los Municipios de México |publisher=Instituto Nacional para el Federalismo y el Desarrollo Municipal |access-date=13 October 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070517094230/http://www.e-local.gob.mx/work/templates/enciclo/veracruz/municipios/30087a.htm |archive-date=17 May 2007 }}</ref>

From 1720 on Xalapa became increasingly important, due to trade with merchants from New Spain arriving to buy and sell the products of the peninsula.<ref name="MX"/> Numerous Spanish families from the nearby towns settled in Xalapa, so by 1760 the population had increased to over 1,000 inhabitants, including [[mestizo]] and Spanish. Among local items of commerce were botanical medicines particularly [[ipomoea purga]] source of a drug known in English as [[Jalap]]. The growth of Xalapa in population, culture, commerce and importance, increased dramatically in the 18th century. Responding to residents' requests, [[Carlos IV of Spain]] declared Xalapa a town on 18 December 1791.<ref name="MX"/>

In 1772, construction of [[Xalapa Cathedral]] began. On 18 May 1784, José María Alfaro got the first air [[balloon]] in the Americas, airborne, in Xalapa. Due to the abundance of flowers growing in the region, [[Alexander von Humboldt]], who visited the town on 10 February 1804, christened it the "city of the flowers".<ref name="MX"/>

On 29 November 1830 by decree, Xalapa was named a city. In 1843, Don Antonio María de Rivera founded the Normal School of Xalapa to train teachers. Today it operates as a preparatory school for students going to college.

In 1847, during the [[Mexican–American War]], Mexican general [[Antonio López de Santa Anna]] attempted to defeat the opposing forces near Xalapa in the [[Battle of Cerro Gordo]]. He led an army of more than 12,000 soldiers. Mexican troops suffered many casualties; around a thousand were killed and three thousand wounded on 18 April 1847. The US invaders occupied the city the following day.<ref name="MX"/> Among them was Lt. [[Ulysses S. Grant]], later the commanding general of the Union armies in the [[American Civil War]]. Grant's letters call Jalapa "decidedly the most beautiful place I ever saw in my life" and its climate "the best in the world."<ref>{{cite book |author=U.S. Grant |title=Personal Memoirs of U.S. Grant; Selected Letters |year=1990 |publisher=Library of America |quote=. . . and from what I saw I would be willing to make Jalapa my home for life with only one condition [that his wife could join him]. |url=https://archive.org/details/memoirsselectedl00gran_0 |isbn=0-940450-58-5 |url-access=registration }}(Letter to Julia Dent 24 April 1847)</ref>

[[File:Nebel Mexican War 05 Battle of Cerro Gordo.jpg|thumb|right|[[Battle of Cerro Gordo]] (1847)]]
Xalapeños such as Ambrosio Alcalde and Antonio García fought hard to defend the city of Veracruz, but were taken prisoner. They were released and paroled, but after rejoining the fighting against the US, they were recaptured near [[Teocelo]], taken to Xalapa, sentenced to death and executed on 24 November 1847.<ref name="MX"/> Today these two men are remembered as martyrs. An obelisk commemorates their sacrifice, between San Jose Church and Alcalde Market, named for Ambrosio Alcalde.<ref name="MX"/> US forces marched on to capture Mexico City and departed after the [[Mexican–American War#Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo|Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo]].

In November 1862 Xalapa was attacked in the French invasion; foreigners temporarily took control of the state capital. On 27 November 1867 the corpse of emperor [[Maximilian I of Mexico]], who had been executed in [[Querétaro]], arrived and was held in San José, attended by the priest José María y Daza, then transferred to Veracruz the following day. The remains were shipped back to [[Austria]] for burial.<ref name="MX"/>

[[File:Juan de la Luz Enríquez.jpg|thumb|right|Governor [[Juan de la Luz Enríquez]] (1836–1892) for whom the city is named]]
In 1885 General [[Juan de la Luz Enríquez]] increased the influence of Xalapa when he moved some legislative authority from Orizaba to Xalapa, in accordance with a decree issued in June 1884 by provisional Governor [[Juan Manuel Fernández de Jáuregui]]. Enríquez and Swiss teacher [[Enrique C. Rébsamen]] in 1886 founded the Normal School in Xalapa, the first school of this type in the country.<ref name="MX"/> Enríquez died in 1892, but the construction of the Normal School and founding of its other schools led to Xalapa becoming known as a center of learning, the "Athens of Veracruz".<ref name="MX"/>

On 18 May 1911, [[Francisco I. Madero]] visited Xalapa. On 21 June of the same year a minor conflict occurred between federal forces and revolutionaries.<ref name="MX"/>

== Geography ==

=== Climate ===
{{climate chart
|Xalapa, Veracruz
|11|22|42
|11|23|38
|14|27|46
|16|27|61
|17|28|121
|16|26|328
|16|25|203
|16|26|171
|16|26|270
|15|25|105
|14|24|67
|12|23|50
|source=<ref name= SMN>{{cite web |url=http://smn.cna.gob.mx/climatologia/Normales5110/NORMAL30228.TXT |title=Estado de Veracruz–Estacion: Jalapa de Enriquez (DGE) |work=NORMALES CLIMATOLÓGICAS 1951–2010 |publisher=Servicio Meteorológico National |language=es |access-date=7 May 2015 |archive-date=18 May 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518075222/http://smn.cna.gob.mx/climatologia/Normales5110/NORMAL30228.TXT |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|float=left
}}

[[File:Xalapa1.jpg|thumb|right|Overlooking the [[Paseo de los Lagos]] in Xalapa]]
Xalapa features an [[oceanic climate]] (Cfb) that borders on a [[humid subtropical climate]] (Cfa) under the [[Köppen climate classification]]. The climate in Xalapa is humid, but the city is relatively cool being located in the mountains over 1400 meters above sea level. The climate can be variable, having a maximum temperature of 37.3&nbsp;°C and a minimum ranging from 0&nbsp;°C to 10&nbsp;°C, but on average the temperature does not fluctuate greatly all year round with an average annual temperature of 18&nbsp;°C. The warmer season in Xalapa tends to fall between March and reaching a peak in May when the average high reaches 28&nbsp;°C and low of 17&nbsp;°C. The cooler season is late December, January and February with an average low of 11&nbsp;°C and an average high of 22&nbsp;°C. Travelers to Xalapa will generally find that the most comfortable weather occurs from the beginning of November to mid-April, although they would be well-advised to bring warm clothing, as nighttime winter temperatures can occasionally drop to near 0&nbsp;°C.

The average annual [[precipitation (meteorology)|precipitation]] is 1509.1&nbsp;mm.<ref name="MX2">{{cite web|title=Xalapa:Clima |url=http://www.e-local.gob.mx/work/templates/enciclo/veracruz/municipios/30087a.htm |work=Enciclopedia de los Municipios de México |publisher=Instituto Nacional para el Federalismo y el Desarrollo Municipal |access-date=13 October 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070517094230/http://www.e-local.gob.mx/work/templates/enciclo/veracruz/municipios/30087a.htm |archive-date=17 May 2007 }}</ref> During the cooler winter months rainfall is at a minimum, with Xalapa receiving only 42 millimeters in January and 38 millimetres in February on average. Snow, however, is common in winter outside the city at [[Perote (Veracruz)|Perote]], located around 35 minutes from Xalapa. Very early in the morning, Xalapa often has a mist, giving it a characteristic mountain atmosphere. The greatest rainfall occurs during the summer months, particularly in June, when on average rainfall reaches 328 millimeters, remaining relatively high until mid-September.

{{Weather box
|location = Xalapa (1951–2010)
|metric first = Y
|single line = Y
|Jan record high C = 32.4
|Feb record high C = 33.4
|Mar record high C = 37.4
|Apr record high C = 37.0
|May record high C = 38.8
|Jun record high C = 36.0
|Jul record high C = 31.5
|Aug record high C = 31.9
|Sep record high C = 32.4
|Oct record high C = 32.9
|Nov record high C = 33.0
|Dec record high C = 32.5
|year record high C = 
|Jan high C = 21.2
|Feb high C = 22.5
|Mar high C = 25.4
|Apr high C = 27.2
|May high C = 27.7
|Jun high C = 26.3
|Jul high C = 25.3
|Aug high C = 26.0
|Sep high C = 25.5
|Oct high C = 24.3
|Nov high C = 23.0
|Dec high C = 21.7
|year high C = 24.7
|Jan mean C = 15.8
|Feb mean C = 16.5
|Mar mean C = 19.2
|Apr mean C = 21.0
|May mean C = 21.9
|Jun mean C = 21.1
|Jul mean C = 20.3
|Aug mean C = 20.7
|Sep mean C = 20.5
|Oct mean C = 19.3
|Nov mean C = 17.7
|Dec mean C = 16.4
|year mean C = 19.2
|Jan low C = 10.4
|Feb low C = 10.5
|Mar low C = 13.0
|Apr low C = 14.8
|May low C = 16.1
|Jun low C = 15.9
|Jul low C = 15.3
|Aug low C = 15.4
|Sep low C = 15.6
|Oct low C = 14.3
|Nov low C = 12.5
|Dec low C = 11.0
|year low C = 13.7
|Jan record low C = 0.2
|Feb record low C = 0.0
|Mar record low C = 2.8
|Apr record low C = 4.0
|May record low C = 7.0
|Jun record low C = 9.0
|Jul record low C = 9.0
|Aug record low C = 9.5
|Sep record low C = 9.8
|Oct record low C = 5.0
|Nov record low C = -2.2
|Dec record low C = 0.9
|year record low C = 
|precipitation colour = green 
|Jan precipitation mm = 59.0
|Feb precipitation mm = 41.8
|Mar precipitation mm = 41.7
|Apr precipitation mm = 56.7
|May precipitation mm = 210.7
|Jun precipitation mm = 222.1
|Jul precipitation mm = 219.4
|Aug precipitation mm = 164.2
|Sep precipitation mm = 249.6
|Oct precipitation mm = 113.5
|Nov precipitation mm = 88.6
|Dec precipitation mm = 74.3
|year precipitation mm = 1435.8
|Jan humidity = 67
|Feb humidity = 63
|Mar humidity = 63
|Apr humidity = 60
|May humidity = 63
|Jun humidity = 68
|Jul humidity = 67
|Aug humidity = 66
|Sep humidity = 69
|Oct humidity = 69
|Nov humidity = 67
|Dec humidity = 68
|year humidity = 66
|unit precipitation days = 0.1 mm
|Jan precipitation days = 12.4
|Feb precipitation days = 11.9
|Mar precipitation days = 11.1
|Apr precipitation days = 9.4
|May precipitation days = 11.1
|Jun precipitation days = 19.6
|Jul precipitation days = 19.0
|Aug precipitation days = 16.5
|Sep precipitation days = 19.3
|Oct precipitation days = 16.9
|Nov precipitation days = 12.6
|Dec precipitation days = 13.0
|year precipitation days = 172.8
|Jan sun = 143
|Feb sun = 133
|Mar sun = 166
|Apr sun = 155
|May sun = 159
|Jun sun = 138
|Jul sun = 215
|Aug sun = 168
|Sep sun = 132
|Oct sun = 145
|Nov sun = 154
|Dec sun = 142
|year sun = 1850
|source 1 = Servicio Meteorologico Nacional (humidity 1981–2000)<ref name=SMN /><ref name = obs>{{cite web
| url = http://smn.cna.gob.mx/observatorios/historica/jalapa.pdf
| title = NORMALES CLIMATOLÓGICAS 1981–2000
| publisher = Servicio Meteorológico Nacional
| language = es
| access-date = 7 May 2015
| archive-date = 18 May 2015
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150518075216/http://smn.cna.gob.mx/observatorios/historica/jalapa.pdf
| url-status = dead
}}</ref>
|source 2 = [[Deutscher Wetterdienst]] (sun, 1961–1990)<ref name = DWD>
{{cite web
| url = ftp://ftp-cdc.dwd.de/pub/CDC/observations_global/CLIMAT/multi_annual/sunshine_duration/1961_1990.txt
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20171017195327/ftp://ftp-cdc.dwd.de/pub/CDC/observations_global/CLIMAT/multi_annual/sunshine_duration/1961_1990.txt
| url-status = dead
| archive-date = 2017-10-17
| title = Station 76687 Jalapa, VER.
| work = Global station data 1961–1990—Sunshine Duration
| publisher = Deutscher Wetterdienst
| access-date = 7 May 2015}}</ref>{{efn|[https://web.archive.org/web/20171017195318/ftp://ftp-cdc.dwd.de/pub/CDC/help/stations_list_CLIMAT_data.txt Station ID for Jalapa, VER. is 76539] Use this station ID to locate the sunshine duration}}

|date=August 2010
}}

===The municipality===
Xalapa is situated in eastern-central Mexico, approximately {{convert|55|mi|km}} northwest of [[Veracruz city]].<ref name="Britannica">{{cite encyclopedia|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/299650/Xalapa#tab=active~checked%2Citems~checked&title=Xalapa%20--%20Britannica%20Online%20Encyclopedia|title=Xalapa|encyclopedia=[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]|access-date=14 October 2008}}</ref> and roughly 350 kilometres from [[Mexico City]].
The municipality of Xalapa has an area of 118.45 square kilometres which comprises 0.16% of Veracruz state. It borders to the north with [[Banderilla, Veracruz|Banderilla]], [[Jilotepec, Veracruz|Jilotepec]] and [[Naolinco]], to the east with [[Actopan, Veracruz|Actopan]] and [[Emiliano Zapata Municipality, Veracruz|Emiliano Zapata]], to the south with [[Coatepec, Veracruz|Coatepec]] and the west with [[Tlalnelhuayocan]].<ref name="MX Geo">{{cite web|title=Xalapa:Geografia |url=http://www.e-local.gob.mx/work/templates/enciclo/veracruz/municipios/30087a.htm |work=Enciclopedia de los Municipios de México |publisher=Instituto Nacional para el Federalismo y el Desarrollo Municipal |access-date=13 October 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070517094230/http://www.e-local.gob.mx/work/templates/enciclo/veracruz/municipios/30087a.htm |archive-date=17 May 2007 }}</ref>

[[File:Naolinco Volcanic Field.jpg|thumb|right|Naolinco volcanic field, north of Xalapa city]]
Situated east, about {{convert|50|km|mi|abbr=on}} away along [[Mexican Federal Highway 140]] is the [[Cofre de Perote National Park]]. The park covers an area of {{convert|117|km2|acre|abbr=on}}, and consists of mainly forested mountains and hills. Its highest point of [[Cerro de Macuiltépetl]] rises 1522 metres above sea level. Other hills of prominence include the Cerro de Acalotépetl and the Cerro Colorado.

From Xalapa you can also see the [[Pico de Orizaba]], the highest peak in Mexico (5,366m or 18,490 feet). It is also the third highest peak in North America.

Hydrographically, there are numerous streams and springs which are in the area around the city.<ref name="MX Geo"/> These include the rivers: [[Sedeño River]], [[Carneros River]], [[Sordo River (Mexico)|Sordo River]], [[Santiago River (Mexico)|Santiago River]], Zapotillo River, [[Castillo River]] and the [[Coapexpan River]], 3 artificial lakes and the springs Chiltoyac, Ánimas, Xallitic, Techacapan and Tlalnecapan.<ref name="MX Geo"/> [[Jalcomulco]] is located {{convert|39|km|mi|abbr=on}} southeast of Xalapa which has numerous natural features, such as the mouth of the [[Pescados River]]. [[Cascada de Texolo]] (Texolo Waterfall) is located {{convert|19|km|mi|abbr=on}} southwest of Xalapa, in the town of [[Xico, Veracruz|Xico]]. It is an {{convert|80|m|ft|abbr=off|sp=us}} waterfall that drops into a lush canyon, home to numerous animal species.

==Demographics==
{{Historical populations
|1995 |  336,632
|2000 | 390,590
|2005 | 413,136
|2010 | 457,928
|2015 | 480,841
|2020 | 488,531
|footnote=<ref name="CENSOXALAPA2020"/>
}}

With a population of 443,063 inhabitants in Xalapa City and 488,531 inhabitants in the municipality as 2020, Xalapa is the second biggest city and municipality in terms of population in Veracruz.<ref name="CENSOXALAPA2020"/> There are 63 localities, 6 classified as urban and 57 classified as rural, besides Xalapa-Enríquez, other localities includes Santa Bárbara (13,783 hab.), El Castillo (6,957 hab.), Lomas Verdes (6,502 hab.) and Las Fuentes (3,614 hab.).<ref name="CENSOXALAPA2020"/> 6,542 are classified as living in indigenous homes, 2,673 of which speak an indigenous language.<ref name="CENSOXALAPA2020"/>

Xalapa is the core of a metropolitan area, which together with the municipalities of [[Banderilla, Veracruz|Banderilla]], [[Coatepec, Veracruz|Coatepec]], [[Coacoatzintla]], [[Emiliano Zapata, Veracruz|Emiliano Zapata]], [[Jilotepec, Veracruz|Jilotepec]], [[Rafael Lucio]], [[Tlalnelhuayocan]] and [[Xico, Veracruz|Xico]] had a population of 789,157 inhabitants as 2020, the second biggest metro area in the state after [[Veracruz city|Veracruz]].

==Economy==
[[File:Calles del centro de Xalapa, estado de Veracruz 19.jpg|thumb|left|Local commerces at Downtown Xalapa]]
Xalapa is often called the "Flower Garden of Mexico"<ref name="Britannica"/> and flowers play an important role in the economy. Xalapa is one of the most important places for [[coffee production in Mexico]] due to its ideal climate, and coffee beans are grown on both small holdings and large estates in the surrounding mountains.<ref name="Britannica"/> The tobacco industry also forms a part of the local economy with the process of producing cigarettes, and the growing of [[tropical fruits]].<ref name="Britannica"/> Processed foods and beverages are also produced in Xalapa.<ref name="MX3">{{cite web|title=Xalapa:Economia |url=http://www.e-local.gob.mx/work/templates/enciclo/veracruz/municipios/30087a.htm |work=Enciclopedia de los Municipios de México |publisher=Instituto Nacional para el Federalismo y el Desarrollo Municipal |access-date=13 October 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070517094230/http://www.e-local.gob.mx/work/templates/enciclo/veracruz/municipios/30087a.htm |archive-date=17 May 2007 }}</ref>

Many people in Xalapa are employed by the government, since it is the state capital. Xalapa is also the head one of the five regional sections of the Tribunal Electoral (a level below the Supreme Court). This area encompasses 7 states: [[Campeche (state)|Campeche]], [[Chiapas (state)|Chiapas]], [[Oaxaca (state)|Oaxaca]], [[Quintana Roo (state)|Quintana Roo]],  [[Tabasco (state)|Tabasco]], [[Veracruz (state)|Veracruz]] and [[Yucatán (state)|Yucatán]]. The other regional seats are [[Mexico City]], [[Toluca]], [[Monterrey]] and [[Guadalajara]].

[[File:Estacionamiento de Costco en Xalapa.jpg|thumb|upright|Costco store with Centro Mayor Tower at the bottom]]
The city is a thriving center for commerce and many multinational companies have large retail stores and franchise restaurants in the city.

Xalapa also has a number of cinemas, some of them of substantial size, such as the [[Cinepolis]] Museum (10 screens), Cinepolis the Americas (16 screens), and other cinemas, such as XTreme Cinemas in Crystal and Cinetix in Plaza Animas, which is a local movie theater. There are also several retail malls in Xalapa: Plaza Crystal, Plaza Museo, Plaza Animas (L.A. Fashion), Plaza Américas, and Plaza los Arcos.

The supermarket chain [[Chedraui]] is based in Xalapa.<ref name="MX3"/>

Employment structure in Xalapa in 2005:

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Industry sector !! Typical professions !! % of population
|-
|[[Primary sector of the economy|Primary Industry]] || Farming, [[cattle ranching]], hunting and fishing || 4.21<ref name="MX3"/>
|-
| [[Secondary sector of the economy|Secondary Industry]] || Petroleum Mining, extraction and natural gas, [[manufacturing]], industry, electricity, water and construction || 19%<ref name="MX3"/>
|-
| [[Tertiary sector of the economy|Tertiary Industry]] || Commerce, transport and communications, financial, social and [[Business administration|administrative services]] || 70%<ref name="MX3"/>
|-
| Unspecified || – || 2.9%<ref name="MX3"/>
|}

[[Laguna Verde Nuclear Power Plant]] (LVNPP) in nearby Alto Lucero, Veracruz, produces about 4.5% of Mexico's electrical energy.

==Culture==
[[File:CabezaColosal1 MuseoXalapa.jpg|thumb|right|Giant [[Olmec]] head, a mark of the indigenous civilizations of Xalapa]]
[[File:Picadas jarochas.jpg|thumb|left|upright|Picadas, a local dish served for breakfast]]

Xalapa is known as the "Athens of Veracruz" because of the strong cultural influence of its major university, [[Universidad Veracruzana]] (the main public university in the State of Veracruz). General Enriquez is known for policies encouraging the educational system in Xalapa.

Culturally, Xalapa has a wide variety of events associated with its theatres, museums, and street art. Many musicians and dancers frequently perform in the center in the nights, especially on special occasions and events of celebration or commemoration; they often dance the [[fandango]].

Art has a keen following in Xalapa. The gallery, ''[[Pinacoteca Diego Rivera]],'' located near the City Hall and [[Parque Juárez]] in downtown, has the most numerous collection of [[Diego Rivera]]'s paintings in all of Mexico.<ref name="Florecita">{{cite web|url=http://www.utexas.edu/student/abroad/summer/xalapa.html |title=Xalapa, Mexico:History |publisher=[[University of Texas]], [[Austin, Texas|Austin]] |access-date=14 October 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080423103759/http://www.utexas.edu/student/abroad/summer/xalapa.html |archive-date=23 April 2008 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

===Holidays===
Feast day of San José, Feast of Santiago Apostle, Feast of the Immaculate Heart of Jesus, Conception of Maria, and Expo-Fair International are all celebrated in the city. An important religious holiday is on 8 December, the Feast of the Immaculate Conception, celebrating Mary the Mother of God patroness of the city. On 24 October [[San Rafael Guizar]] and Valencia are celebrated, with thousands of people from all over Mexico visiting their tomb that is in a chapel within the cathedral. The cathedral remains open all night and day during this event.

===Cuisine===
Xalapa is the place of origin of the famous [[jalapeño]] peppers.<ref name="MXGast">{{cite web|title=Xalapa:Gastronomía |url=http://www.e-local.gob.mx/work/templates/enciclo/veracruz/municipios/30087a.htm |work=Enciclopedia de los Municipios de México |publisher=Instituto Nacional para el Federalismo y el Desarrollo Municipal |access-date=13 October 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070517094230/http://www.e-local.gob.mx/work/templates/enciclo/veracruz/municipios/30087a.htm |archive-date=17 May 2007 }}</ref> Dishes made with maize: {{lang|es|[[gordita]]s}}, {{lang|es|[[tostada (tortilla)|tostada]]s}}, [[pasty|pasties]], {{lang|es|[[enchilada#Varieties|enfrijoladas]]}}, and chicken are common. The desserts that are consumed in the region are typically sweet such as cake and {{lang|es|[[cocadas]]}} and craft candies like [[candied fruit]], {{lang|es|[[dulce de leche]]}} and {{lang|es|jamoncillo}}.

==Notable city landmarks==
[[File:Xalapa catedral.JPG|thumb|upright|[[Xalapa Cathedral]]]]
[[File:Anthropology Museum Xalapa.jpg|thumb|Xalapa Anthropology Museum]]
* The [[Xalapa Cathedral]] is a mix of [[Baroque]] and [[Neo-Gothic]] design built in 1773. It has a clock tower, the clock is originally from England.
* [[Callejón Diamante]] (lit. Diamond Alley) is one of the more crowded streets at night because of its Bohemian atmosphere with cafes and an artists' colony. Callejón Jesús te Ampare is a [[cobblestone]] street next to the Church of San José.
* [[Patio Muñoz]] is a neighborhood built in the 19th century, with most of the original buildings intact. Here are held workshops in Veracruz-style painting, dance and music.
* [[Parque Juárez]] is a park in central Xalapa.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lonelyplanet.com/worldguide/mexico/xalapa/sights/1000780317|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120630153803/http://www.lonelyplanet.com/worldguide/mexico/xalapa/sights/1000780317|url-status=dead|archive-date=30 June 2012|title=Xalapa Sights:Parque Juárez|publisher=[[Lonely Planet]]|access-date=14 October 2008}}</ref> Parque Juárez was the location of the Monastery of San Francisco. It is located among the four oldest neighborhoods of the city. Its central garden features enormous [[monkey puzzle tree]]s, art gallerys, an agora, workshops, an auditorium and a café.
* The [[Jardín de Esculturas]] (Sculpture Garden) is a museum dedicated to sculpture, exhibiting works by nationally and internationally recognized artists.
* The [[Kaná, Museo de Ciencia y Tecnología]] (Technology and Science Museo) features a planetarium with an [[IMAX]] screen, showing educational documentaries.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mix.org.mx/|title=Museo Interactivo de Xalapa|date=October 2006|publisher=[[Museo Interactivo de Xalapa]]|access-date=14 October 2008}}</ref>
* In the [[Paseo de los Lagos]], there used to be an ancient dam. Today it has footpaths surrounded by leafy trees, circling three lakes and a fresh-water spring.
* The [[Parque de los Tecajetes]] is in a natural depression or ravine of the same name in the center of the city. Underneath is a fresh-water spring that feeds the aqueducts, artificial pools and canals of the park.
* The [[Xalapa Museum of Anthropology]] houses the largest collection of artifacts from [[Gulf Coast of Mexico|Mexican Gulf Coast]] cultures such as the [[Olmec]], the [[Huastec people|Huastec]] and the [[Totonac]] with more than 25,000 pieces. The most notable pieces in the museum are the giant Olmec heads and the smaller Totonac ones. Some of the pieces in the museum date back to the Early Pre-Classic Period from 1300 BC −900 BC.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.xalapa.net/antropologia/|title=Museo Antropología|publisher=Xalapa.net|access-date=14 October 2008}}</ref>
* Nearby is the [[Hacienda del Lencero]] Its first owner was Juan Lencero, a soldier of [[Hernán Cortés]]. In 1842 it was purchased by [[Antonio López de Santa Anna]] for 45,000 pesos.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.xalapa.net/lencero/default.htm|title=Museo del Lencero|publisher=Xalapa.net|access-date=14 October 2008}}</ref> Today, it is a museum which displays furniture and personal belongings dating from the 19th century. It also has a chapel, spacious gardens and a lake surrounding the property which include a sculpture by [[Gabriela Mistral]] who spent time there while in exile.
* The [[Jardín Botánico Clavijero]] (Clavijero Botanical Garden) has an important collection of regional plants with sections dedicated to Mexican ornamental flowers, reconstructed mountain environments in Xalapa, ferns and the most extensive variety of pines in Mexico.<ref name="MexDes">{{cite journal |last= Triedo|first=Nicolas|date=February 2008 |title=Fin de semana en Xalapa|journal=Guía México Desconocido |volume= 372 |pages=42–48 |url=http://www.mexicodesconocido.com.mx/}}</ref>

===Parks and gardens===
[[File:Parque Juárez.jpg|thumb|Juárez Park]]
* Jardín Botánico de Xalapa
* Parque Juárez
* [[Parque Los Berros]]
* Parque Ecológico "Cerro del [[:es:Macuiltépec|Macuiltépec]]"
* Paseo de Los Lagos
* Parque Ecológico "El Haya"
* Parque "Natura"
* Jardines de la Universidad Veracruzana
* Parque "Tejar Garnica"
* Jardín de las Esculturas
* Parque Ecológico de Los Tecajetes
* Parque María Enriqueta
* Parque Revolución
* Parque Bicentenario
* [[:es:Estadio Xalapeño|Stadium Xalapeño]]

{{Clear}}

{{col-begin}}
{{col-3}}

===Museums===
* [[Xalapa Museum of Anthropology]]
* Museo Casa de Xalapa
* [[Kaná, Museo de Ciencia y Tecnología]]
* Museo del Transporte. Carr.
* [[Hacienda del Lencero]]
* Museo del Bombero.
* Museo de la fauna.

{{col-3}}

===Galleries===
* Casa de las Artesanías
* Galería "Ramón Alba de la Canal"
* Agora de la Ciudad
* [[Pinacoteca Diego Rivera]]
* Galería de Arte Contemporáneo
* Galería del Centro Recreativo Xalapeño
* Galería Domínguez y Buis
* Galeria Marie Louise Ferrari
* [[Jardín de Esculturas]]
{{col-3}}

===Theatres and auditoriums===
* Teatro del Estado
* Sala de Conciertos de la Orquesta Sinfónica de Xalapa 
* Teatro J. J. Herrera
* Teatro La Caja
* Auditorio de la Benemérita Escuela Normal Veracruzana

{{col-end}}

==Sport==
[[File:91's 1000v.jpg|thumb|right|Athletics at [[Heriberto Jara Corona Stadium]] in 1991]]
Xalapa is home to the [[Halcones UV Xalapa]], a very successful professional basketball team. They play in the [[Liga Nacional de Baloncesto Profesional|LNBP]]
* The team was created in 2003 and placed 3rd in the LNBP
* In 2004 they were champions of the south division, and got second overall in the LNBP
* In 2005 they were champions of the south division and champions of the LNBP
* In 2006 they were champions of the south division, and got second in the LNBP. They also placed second in the Copa Independencia LNBP
* In 2007 – 2008 they were champions of the south division and champions of the LNBP
* In 2008 – 2009 they were champions of the south division and champions of the LNBP. They also placed second in the [[FIBA]] de las Americas.

Xalapa also has many sporting facilities. As of 2005, the city has 25 soccer fields, 95 volleyball fields, 95 basketball courts, 36 baseball fields, and 29 multiple-use fields.<ref name="MX4">{{cite web|title=Xalapa:Deportes |url=http://www.e-local.gob.mx/work/templates/enciclo/veracruz/municipios/30087a.htm |work=Enciclopedia de los Municipios de México |publisher=Instituto Nacional para el Federalismo y el Desarrollo Municipal |access-date=13 October 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070517094230/http://www.e-local.gob.mx/work/templates/enciclo/veracruz/municipios/30087a.htm |archive-date=17 May 2007 }}</ref>

Also, the city has 12 gymnasiums, 7 parks, and the notable [[Heriberto Jara Corona Stadium]], inaugurated 1921–1925.<ref name="MX4"/>

Sportspeople of note hailing from Xalapa include [[Armando Fernández (wrestler)|Armando Fernández]] (an Olympic [[wrestler]]), [[Eulalio Ríos Alemán]] (an Olympic swimmer and at some time butterfly-stroke record holder in the US, inducted into the Ft. Lauderdale's International Swimming Hall of Fame), and the [[track and field]] athlete [[Luis Hernández (athlete)|Luis Hernández]].{{fact|date=March 2025}}

Every four years the Central American Games take place in cities all over Central America and the Caribbean. In 2012 Veracruz was chosen to host these games in 2014. Several events took place in Xalapa. The Track Cycling was held in the Velodrome, the Modern Pentathlon Swimming took place in the University Swimming Pool, the Athletics trials in the Hilberto Jara Corona Stadium, and Badminton and Table Tennis in the Omega Complex. All of this brought recognition in the sports world to Xalapa.{{fact|date=March 2025}}

The Cuban athlete Sandra Mustelier, a member of the table tennis team, decided to flee the hotel where her team was staying two days before the opening of the Central American Games in Veracruz. The 28-year-old athlete did not collect her accreditation in Veracruz, a situation for which her teammates located her immediately by phone. When contacted, Mustelier herself informed her team of her defection. No investigation was undertaken by the Mexican authorities regarding this situation. Mustelier was considered to be a strong contender to win medals in table tennis.{{fact|date=March 2025}}

== Transportation ==
The city is connected by the 140-D Highway with the cities of Veracruz, Puebla and Mexico City. Also the 140 Road provides a link between those cities.

Several bus companies are based in Xalapa including [[Servicio Urbano de Xalapa]] (SUX);<ref>{{cite web|url=http://serviciourbanojalapa.com/index.php|title=Busca tu ruta del Servicio Urbano|publisher=Sociedad Cooperativa Auto-Transportes de Camioneros del Servicio Urbano de Jalapa|access-date=14 October 2008|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080927190406/http://serviciourbanojalapa.com/index.php|archive-date=27 September 2008}}</ref> [[Auto-Transportes Banderilla]] (ATB);<ref>{{cite web|url=http://portal.veracruz.gob.mx/pls/portal/docs/PAGE/STP/DIFUSION/BOLETINES/2008/27%20JULIO%20FIRMA%20CONVENIO%20AUTOTRANSPORTES%20BANDERILLA_JUNIO_27_2008.PDF|title=Secretaria de Trabajo|publisher=Veracruz Gobierno del Estado|access-date=14 October 2008|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721170431/http://portal.veracruz.gob.mx/pls/portal/docs/PAGE/STP/DIFUSION/BOLETINES/2008/27%20JULIO%20FIRMA%20CONVENIO%20AUTOTRANSPORTES%20BANDERILLA_JUNIO_27_2008.PDF|archive-date=21 July 2011}}</ref> the yellow and green sets of [[Interbus (Xalapa)|Interbus]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://serviciourbanojalapa.com/interbus/index.php|title=Interbus|publisher=Servicio Urbana Jalapa|access-date=14 October 2008|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081121130231/http://serviciourbanojalapa.com/interbus/index.php|archive-date=21 November 2008}}</ref> [[Auto-Transportes Miradores Del Mar]];<ref>{{cite web|url=http://aplicaciones.sefiplan.gob.mx/pgjver/contenido.asp?cla_ve1=1391|title=Informe del 12 al 18 de febrero de 2007|year=2007|publisher=[[Gobierno de Mexico]]|access-date=14 October 2008}}</ref> and [[Transportes Rápidos de Veracruz]] (TRV)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://acervo-busexpress.tripod.com/id2.html|title=Acervo Fotográfico Busexpress México|date=October 2006|publisher=Busexpress México|access-date=14 October 2008}}</ref> amongst many others.

The city of Xalapa is served by a small airport, [[El Lencero Airport]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://worldaerodata.com/wad.cgi?id=MX07467&sch=MMJA|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120720043350/http://worldaerodata.com/wad.cgi?id=MX07467&sch=MMJA|url-status=usurped|archive-date=20 July 2012|title=Lenecero Airport|publisher=World Aero Data| access-date=14 October 2008}}</ref> located 15 minutes by road from the city. It is currently not served by any commercial airline.

==Healthcare==

The public institutions of the health sector that provide services are:<ref name="MXmedico">{{cite web|title=Xalapa:Salud |url=http://www.e-local.gob.mx/work/templates/enciclo/veracruz/municipios/30087a.htm |work=Enciclopedia de los Municipios de México |publisher=Instituto Nacional para el Federalismo y el Desarrollo Municipal |access-date=13 October 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070517094230/http://www.e-local.gob.mx/work/templates/enciclo/veracruz/municipios/30087a.htm |archive-date=17 May 2007 }}</ref>
* Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social [[Mexican Social Security Institute|IMSS]],
* Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado [[ISSSTE]],
* Centro de Alta Especialidad [[Centro de alta especialidad|CAE]] (anteriormente Centro de Especialidades Médicas [[Centro de Especialidades Médicas|CEM]]),
* Petróleos Mexicanos [[PEMEX]],
* Secretaría de la Defensa Nacional [[Secretaría de la Defensa Nacional|SDN]]
* Secretaría de Salud de Veracruz [[SESVER]],
* Centro de Rehabilitación y Educación Especial de Veracruz [[CREEVER]],
* Sistema para el Desarrollo Integral de la Familia [[Desarrollo Integral de la Familia|DIF]].<ref name="MXmedico"/><ref>{{Cite web |title=CENTRO DE ALTA ESPECIALIDAD DR. RAFAEL LUCIO – Salud Digital |url=https://www.ssaver.gob.mx/saluddigital/cartera-de-servicios-a-distancia/centro-de-alta-especialidad-dr-rafael-lucio/ |access-date=2024-03-31 |language=es}}</ref>

In the private sector the municipality counts on important medical establishments such as:
* Sanatorio San Francisco,
* Clínica del American Hospital,
* Clínica de especialidades Las Palmas,
* Vital Clínica Hospital,
* Cruz Roja Mexicana,
* Centro Médico de Xalapa,
* Clínica Millenium
* [[Hospital Ángeles]].<ref name="MXmedico"/>

==Education==
===Universities===
[[File:Acceso a la zona universitaria de la Universidad Veracruzana en Xalapa, Veracruz 02.jpg|right|thumb|Universidad Veracruzana Main Campus at Xalapa]]
[[File:USBI.jpg|upright=1.2|thumb|Gardens at Xalapa's Universidad Veracruzana]]
* [[Universidad Anáhuac]]
* Universidad Atenas Veracruzana
* [[Universidad de América Latina]]
* [[Benemérita Escuela Normal Veracruzana "Enrique C. Rébsamen"]]
* Universidad Cálmecac
* Instituto Culinario de Xalapa
* Centro de Estudios Superiores Hispano-Anglo-Francés
* Universidad CLAES
* [[El Colegio de Veracruz]]
* Universidad IVES
* Escuela Libre de Ciencias Políticas y Administración Pública de Ote.
* Escuela de Diseño de Modas Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz
* [[Universidad Eurohispanoamericana]]
* [[Universidad Gestalt]]
* [[Universidad del Golfo de México, Campus Xalapa]]
* [[Universidad Hernán Cortés]]
* Instituto de Estudios Superiores Morelos
* [[Universidad Metropolitana Xalapa]]
* [[Instituto Superior de Música del Estado de Veracruz]]
* [[Instituto Tecnológico Superior de Xalapa]]
* Tecnológico de Xalapa
* Universidad Paccioli Xalapa
* Universidad Pedagógica Veracruzana
* [[Universidad Filadelfia]]
* [[Universidad Veracruzana]]
* [[Universidad de Xalapa]]

==Media==
[[File:Diatipicoxalapeño.jpg|right|thumb|upright|A narrow street in Xalapa, better known as ''Callejones'']]

===Newspaper===
Notable newspapers produced or circulated in Xalapa include www.Xalapa.MX ''Diario de Xalapa'', ''Diario AZ'', ''Diario el Portal de Xalapa'', ''Diario la Opinión'', ''Periódico Marcha'', ''Periódico Al Calor Político'', ''Periódico Agronómica'', ''Milenio'' and the ''Líder''.
As well, important agency of news on line, like RadioVer www.radiover.com and magazine Revista Era www.revistaera.com t

===Radio===
The city is served by numerous radio stations including:

FM:
* 90.5 Radio de la Universidad Veracruzana
* 91.7 Amor (Grupo Acir)
* 95.5 Sensación HD (Oliva Radio)
* 96.9 Digital 96.9 (AvanRadio)
* 97.7 La Máquina (AvanRadio)
* 98.5 ONE FM (AvanRadio)
* 104.9 El Patron FM (Oliva Radio) 
* 107.7 Radio Más (Radio-Televisión de Veracruz)

AM:
* 550 W Radio (AvanRadio)
* 610 Ke Buena (AvanRadio)
* 1040 OK Radio (AvanRadio)
* 1130 Yo FM 1130 AM(Grupo Radio Capital)
* 1210 El Patrón (Oliva Radio)
* 1460 ABC Xalapa Radio (Grupo ABC)
* 1550 Radio Universidad Veracruzana

===Television===
[[Television channels]] include:
* [[XHGV-TV]] channel 4 – RTV
* [[XHAJ-TV]] channel 5 – [[Televisa Regional]]
* [[XHAH-TV]] channel 7 – [[Canal de las Estrellas]]
* [[XHAI-TV]] channel 9 – [[Canal 5 (Televisa Network)|Canal 5]]
* [[XHCPE-TV]] channel 11 – [[Azteca 7]]
* [[XHIC-TV]] channel 13 – [[Azteca 13]]
* [[XHCLV-TV]] channel 22 – [[Galavisión (Mexico)|Galavisión]]

Cable services include:
* [[Megacable]] (Cable TV)
* Super Cable (Cable TV)
* UltraVisión (Cable TV)
* [[SKY México|Sky]] (Satellite TV)
* [[Dish Network]] (Satellite TV)

==Notable people from Xalapa==
[[File:Santaanna1.JPG|thumb|upright|[[Antonio López de Santa Anna]], born in Xalapa, is one of the most emblematic figures in Mexican history.]]

===Politicians===
* [[Francisco Javier Echeverría]]
* [[Sebastián Lerdo de Tejada]]
* [[Antonio López de Santa Anna]]
* [[José Joaquín de Herrera]]
* [[José Luis Oliva Meza]]
* [[Francisco Primo de Verdad y Ramos]]
* [[Marco Antonio Muñoz Turnbull]]

===Writers===
* [[Sergio Armin Vásquez Muñoz]]
* [[Alicia Bazarte Martínez]]
* [[Carlos Manuel Cruz Meza]]
* [[Juan Díaz Covarrubias]]
* [[Jorge Lobillo]]
* [[Francisco Morosini]]
* [[José María Roa Bárcena]]
* [[Raquel Torres Cerdán]]
* [[Julio Zarate]]

===Educators===
* [[Enrique C. Rébsamen]]
* [[Sinforosa Amador]] (1788–1841)
* [[Soledad Ramos Enríquez]]
* [[Guillermo Fernández de la Garza]]

===Athletes===
* [[Barbara Bonola]] - Triathlete
* [[Martha Ángelica Blanco]] - Javelin throw
* [[Silvia García Ramírez]] - Judo
* [[Marcela García Ramírez]] - Judo
* [[Armando Fernández (wrestler)|Armando Fernández]] - Wrestler
* [[Alejandro Fernández Ávila]] - Shooting sport
* [[Luis Hernández (athlete)|Luis Hernández]] - Athletics, 10,000 meters
* [[Eulalio Ríos Alemán]] - Swimmer

===Artists===
*[[Villalobos Brothers]] – composers, violinists
*[[Gabriel Orozco]] – artist
*[[Son de Madera]] – musical group
*[[Rey Alejandro Conde]] – conductor
*[[Javier Camarena]] – opera singer

===Doctors===
*[[Rafael Lucio Nájera|Rafael Lucio]]

===Benefactors===
*[[William K. Boone]]

==Sister cities==
{{Unreferenced section|date=July 2022}}
* {{flagicon|USA}} [[Covina, California|Covina]], [[California]], United States
* {{flagicon|GUA}} [[Antigua Guatemala|La Antigua]], [[Guatemalan Highlands]], Guatemala
* {{flagicon|MEX}} [[Matamoros, Tamaulipas|Matamoros]], [[Tamaulipas]], Mexico
* {{flagicon|USA}} [[Omaha, Nebraska|Omaha]], [[Nebraska]], United States
* {{flagicon|MEX}} [[Puebla, Puebla|Puebla]], [[State of Puebla|Puebla]], Mexico
* {{flagicon|MEX}} [[Toluca]], [[State of Mexico]], Mexico
* {{flagicon|MEX}} [[Torreón, Coahuila|Torreón]], Coahuila, Mexico
* {{flagicon|MEX}} [[Veracruz, Veracruz|Veracruz]], [[State of Veracruz|Veracruz]], Mexico

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Further reading==
* ''Una excursión a Jalapa en 1875'' by  [[Guillermo Prieto]]
* ''El Libro Azul del Estado de Veracruz (1923). México, el País del Porvenir'' (bilingual, Spanish and English). México, Compañía Editorial Pan-Americana, S. A. Edición facsimilar de la Editora del Gobierno, 2007; reprint 2008.
* ''Arquilla Abierta'' (ca.1980) by  [[Ana Güido de Icaza]]
* ''Xalapa de mis recuerdos'' (1986) by Aureliano Hernández Palacios
* ''Bocetos Antiguos de Xalapa'' (1991) by  [[Rubén Pabello Acosta]]
* ''Trazos de una vida, bosquejos de una Ciudad. El pintor Carlos Rivera y Xalapa'' (2009) by  [[Alicia Bazarte Martínez]]. México, Instituto Politécnico Nacional / Gobierno del Estado de Veracruz, 2009.
*  Politics and Privilege in a Mexican City (Stanford University Press, 1972), by Richard Fagen and William S. Tuohy

==External links==
{{Portal|Mexico}}
* {{in lang|es}} [http://www.xalapa.gob.mx/ Ayuntamiento de Xalapa] Official website
* {{in lang|es}} [http://www.uv.mx/ La Universidad Veracruzana]
{{commons category|Xalapa de Enríquez|<br>Xalapa de Enríquez|position=left}}

{{coord|19|32|24|N|96|55|39|W|region:MX-VER_type:city(373076)|display=title}}

{{Veracruz}}
{{MexicoStateCapitals}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Xalapa| ]]
[[Category:Capitals of states of Mexico]]
[[Category:Cities in Mexico]]
[[Category:Populated places in Veracruz]]
[[Category:Aztec sites]]
[[Category:Totonac]]
[[Category:1313 establishments]]
[[Category:Populated places established in the 1310s]]
[[Category:14th-century establishments in North America]]