Editing Wuchang, Wuhan

{{redirect|Wuchang}}

{{stack begin}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name                            = Wuchang
| native_name                     = {{nobold|{{lang|zh-hans|武昌区}}}}
| official_name                   = 
| other_name                      = Wu-Chang
| settlement_type                 = [[District (China)|District]]
| postal_code_type                = [[Postal code of China|Postal code]]
| image_skyline                   = 东湖远眺武昌 - panoramio.jpg
| image_caption                   = East Lake overlooking Wuchang
| image_map                       = {{maplink|frame=yes|plain=yes|type=shape|stroke-width=2|stroke-color=#000000|zoom=10}}
| pushpin_map                     = China Hubei
| pushpin_label                   = Wuchang
| pushpin_map_caption             = Location in Hubei
| subdivision_type                = Country
| subdivision_name                = People's Republic of China
| subdivision_type1               = [[Provinces of China|Province]]
| subdivision_name1               = [[Hubei]]
| subdivision_type2               = [[Sub-provincial city]]
| subdivision_name2               = [[Wuhan]]
| subdivision_type3               = Subdivisions
| subdivision_name3               = 
| area_footnotes                  = <ref name="stats yearbook">{{cite web|title=Wuhan Statistical Yearbook 2010|url=http://www.whtj.gov.cn/documents/tjnj2010.pdf|publisher=Wuhan Statistics Bureau|access-date=2011-07-30|page=15}}</ref>
| area_total_km2                  = 87.42
| population_footnotes            = <ref>{{Cite web |title=China: Húbĕi (Prefectures, Cities, Districts and Counties) - Population Statistics, Charts and Map |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/china/hubei/admin/ |access-date=2024-11-22 |website=www.citypopulation.de}}</ref>
| population_total                = 1,102,188
| population_as_of                = 2020
| population_density_km2          = auto
| coordinates_footnotes           = <ref>{{Google maps|url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/Wuchang,+Wuhan,+Hubei/@30.561934,114.3403674,12z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m2!3m1!1s0x342eaf978840440d:0x2109edeb11bec27e|title=Wuchang|access-date=2014-07-02}}</ref>
| coordinates                     = {{coord|30.5619|N|114.3404|E|type:adm3rd_region:CN-42|format=dms|display=it}}
| elevation_ft                    = 
| elevation_m                     = 
| timezone                        = [[China Standard Time|China Standard]]
| utc_offset                      = +8
| website                         = {{URL|www.wuchang.gov.cn|武昌区政府门户网站 (translation: Wuchang District Government Web Portal}} (in Simplified Chinese)
| blank_name_sec1                 = Wuhan district map
| blank_info_sec1                 = {{Wuhan districts}}
}}
{{Infobox Chinese
| pic = Image:Changchun-Temple-San-Huang-Dian-0338.jpg
| piccap = Changchun Temple
| t = {{linktext|武昌}}
| p = Wǔchāng
| w = Wu-ch‘ang
| c = 
| s = 
| j = 
| mi = 
| ci = 
| altname = 
}}
{{stack end}}

'''Wuchang''' is one of 13 urban [[District (China)|districts]] of the [[prefecture-level city]] of [[Wuhan]], the capital of [[Hubei|Hubei Province]], [[China]]. It is the oldest of the three cities that merged into modern-day Wuhan, and stood on the right (southeastern) bank of the [[Yangtze]] River, opposite the mouth of the [[Hanshui|Han River]]. The two other cities, [[Hanyang District|Hanyang]] and [[Hankou District|Hankou]], were on the left (northwestern) bank, separated from each other by the Han River.

The name "Wuchang" remains in common use for the part of urban Wuhan south of the Yangtze River. Administratively, however, it is split between several districts of the City of Wuhan. The historic center of Wuchang lies within the modern Wuchang District, which has an area of {{convert|82.4|km2}} and a population of 1,102,188.<ref>{{cite web|language=zh|url=http://www.wuchang.gov.cn/cmsnewweb/WCOverview.aspx|title=Profile of Wuchang District|publisher=official website of Wuchang District Government|access-date=2008-04-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080324043646/http://www.wuchang.gov.cn/cmsnewweb/WCOverview.aspx|archive-date=2008-03-24}}</ref> Other parts of what is colloquially known as Wuchang are within [[Hongshan District, Wuhan|Hongshan District]] (south and south-east) and [[Qingshan District, Wuhan|Qingshan District]] (north-east). Presently, on the right bank of the Yangtze, it borders the districts of Qingshan (for a very small section) to the northeast and Hongshan to the east and south; on the opposite bank it borders [[Jiang'an District|Jiang'an]], [[Jianghan District|Jianghan]] and [[Hanyang District|Hanyang]].

On 10 October 1911, the [[New Army]] stationed in the city started the [[Wuchang Uprising]], a turning point of the [[Xinhai Revolution]] that overthrew the [[Qing dynasty]] and established the [[Republic of China (1912–1949)|Republic of China]].

==History==
[[File:Du Halde, map of Wuchang.jpg|thumb|left|200px|The map of "Vou-chang-fou" in [[Du Halde]]'s 1736 ''[[Description of China]]'', based on reports from the [[Jesuit China missions|Jesuit mission]]]]

===The old Wuchang county===
{{See also|Ezhou}}

In 221, warlord [[Sun Quan]] moved the capital of [[Eastern Wu]] from [[Gong'an]] county, [[Jingzhou]] (northwest of present-day Gong'an county, Hubei) to [[È]] county (in present-day [[Ezhou]] City), and renamed È to Wuchang (literally ''prospering from military'', regarding its [[logistics]] role of the [[military base]]s established before the [[Battle of Red Cliffs]]). Later in the year [[Cao Pi]] proclaimed himself the emperor of [[Cao Wei]].{{Citation needed|date=December 2017}} Sun Quan declared independence in the following year, and started to build forts and palaces in Wuchang. Sun Quan proclaimed himself the emperor of Eastern Wu in 229, and moved the capital to [[Jiankang|Jianye]]. [[Sun Hao]], the emperor of Eastern Wu between 264 and 280, moved the capital back to Wuchang in 265. In 589, the Wuchang [[Commandery (China)|commandery]] was abolished and the Wuchang county was transferred to a new commandery named Ezhou (headquartered in present-day Wuchang District), and remained in the administration since then.

===The present day Wuchang town===
The Wuchang [[Commandery (China)|commandery]] was set up when È was renamed to Wuchang, and included six counties. In 223 the commandery was renamed to [[Jiangxia District|Jiangxia]], and the capital of the commandery moved to Xiakou (in present-day Wuchang town). The name of the town was switched back and forth between Wuchang and Jiangxia several times in the following centuries. The present-day version of [[Wuying Pagoda]], the oldest standing architecture in Hubei Province, was built around the time of fall of the Southern Song Dynasty. After 1301, the Wuchang [[prefecture]], headquartered in the town, became the capital of [[Hubei]] province.

During the [[Taiping Rebellion]], Wuchang and the surrounding area changed hands several times after the Taiping capture of the city in the [[Battle of Wuchang]] (1852).

At the end of the [[Qing Dynasty|Qing]] Empire, the Wuchang Prefecture ({{linktext|lang=zh|武昌|府}}, then transcribed as 'Ou-tchang-fou') was the capital of the combined provinces of [[Hubei]] and [[Hunan]], called the 'two Hu' or ''[[Huguang Viceroyalty]]''. It was the seat of the provincial government of Huguang, at the head of which was a [[viceroy of Huguang]]. Next to [[Nanjing]] and [[Guangzhou]], it was one of the most important vice-royalties in the empire.{{Citation needed|date=December 2017}}

It possessed an arsenal and a mint. The provincial government established [[iron]]works for the manufacture of rails and other [[railway]] material. As the works did not pay under official management, they were transferred to the director-general of railways. Wuchang was not open to foreign trade and residence, but a considerable number of [[missionaries]], both [[Roman Catholic]] and [[Protestant]], lived within the walls. The native population was estimated at 800,000 around 1911, including cities on both banks. At that time, Wuchang was an important junction on the trunk railway from [[Beijing]] to Guangzhou; and was on the route of the [[Sichuan]] railway.

In Wuchang on October 10, 1911, a revolt broke out against the Qing Dynasty. This event, now called the [[Wuchang Uprising]] and celebrated as [[Double Ten Day]], was the catalyst that started the [[Xinhai Revolution]], which led to the development of the [[Republic of China (1912–1949)|Republic of China]].

In 1912, the Wuchang prefecture was abolished and a new Wuchang county (just next to the Wuchang county in the Ezhou city) was created. In 1926 the Wuchang town was promoted to a city, and merged with [[Hankou District|Hankou]] and [[Hanyang District|Hanyang]] to form a new city named [[Wuhan]].
[[File:Txu-oclc-10552568-nh50-5.jpg|left|thumb|Map including Wuchang (labeled WU-CH'ANG {{lang|zh|武昌}}) (1953)]]
After 1949, the more urban part of the Wuchang County was absorbed into the new Wuhan City and was administratively partitioned into Wuchang, [[Qingshan District, Wuhan|Qingshan]] and [[Hongshan District, Wuhan|Hongshan]] districts, while the remaining, mostly rural, southern part retained the name of Wuchang County. In 1995, Wuchang County became [[Jiangxia District]] of Wuhan.

==Geography==
===Administrative divisions===
Wuchang District administers:<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wuchang.gov.cn/wcqzfzz/cqqsbmyjsjsgjfyjsxx/index.html |script-title=zh:武汉市武昌区区属部门预决算及“三公”经费预决算信息 | language = zh-hans|publisher=Wuchang District People's Government |quote={{lang|zh-hans|石洞街 杨园街 徐家棚街 积玉桥街 中华路街 粮道街 黄鹤楼街 紫阳街 白沙洲街 首义路街 中南路街 水果湖街 珞珈山街 南湖街}} |access-date=27 December 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.xzqh.org/html/show/hb/15274.html |script-title=zh:武昌区历史沿革 |trans-title=Historical Development of Wuchang District | language = zh-hans|publisher=XZQH.org |quote={{lang|zh-hans|2010年第六次人口普查，武昌区常住总人口1214287人，其中：积玉桥街道60323人，杨园街道109485人，徐家棚街道123918人，粮道街道64704人，中华路街道44262人，黄鹤楼街道60909人，紫阳街道61135人，白沙洲街道76226人，首义路街道69562人，中南路街道216216人，水果湖街道178628人，珞珈山街道75128人，石洞街道6664人，南湖街道52596人，东湖风景区街道（武昌）14531人。}} |date=7 July 2014|access-date=27 December 2017}}</ref><ref name="statwc">{{cite web |url=http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjsj/tjbz/tjyqhdmhcxhfdm/2017/42/01/420106.html |script-title=zh:2017年统计用区划代码和城乡划分代码：武昌区 |trans-title=2017 Statistical Area Numbers and Rural-Urban Area Numbers: Wuchang District |publisher=[[National Bureau of Statistics of the People's Republic of China]] |date=2017 |access-date=20 October 2018 |quote={{lang|zh-hans|统计用区划代码 名称 420106001000 积玉桥街办事处 420106002000 杨园街办事处 420106003000 徐家棚街办事处 420106005000 粮道街办事处 420106006000 中华路街办事处 420106007000 黄鹤楼街办事处 420106008000 紫阳街办事处 420106009000 白沙洲街办事处 420106010000 首义路街办事处 420106011000 中南路街办事处 420106012000 水果湖街办事处 420106013000 珞珈山街办事处 420106014000 石洞街办事处 420106015000 南湖街办事处 420106490000 东湖风景区街道（武昌）|}}}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable sortable" 
! # !! Name !! [[Chinese language|Chinese]] ([[Simplified Chinese character|S]])!! [[Pinyin]] Romanization
|-
|-
| style="text-align:center;" colspan="7"|'''[[Subdistrict (China)|Subdistricts]]'''
|-
| 1 || [[Shidong Subdistrict]] ''Rock Cave'' || {{lang|zh-hans|{{linktext|石洞|街道}}}} || Shídòng Jiēdào
|-
| 2 || [[Yangyuan Subdistrict]] ''[[Yang (surname)|Yang]] Garden'' || {{lang|zh-hans|{{linktext|杨园|街道}}}} || Yángyuán Jiēdào
|-
| 3 || [[Xujiapeng Subdistrict]] || {{lang|zh-hans|{{linktext|徐家棚|街道}}}} || Xūjiāpéng Jiēdào
|- 
| 4 || [[Jiyuqiao Subdistrict]]  || {{lang|zh-hans|{{linktext|积玉桥|街道}}}} || Jīyùqiáo Jiēdào
|-
| 5 || [[Zhonghualu Subdistrict]] ''[[Zhonghua, Wuchang|Zhonghua]] Road'' || {{lang|zh-hans|{{linktext|中华路|街道}}}}  || Zhōnghuálù Jiēdào
|-
| 6 || [[Liangdao Subdistrict]] || {{lang|zh-hans|{{linktext|粮道|街道}}}} || Liángdào Jiēdào
|-
| 7 || [[Huanghelou Subdistrict]] ''[[Yellow Crane Tower]]'' || {{lang|zh-hans|{{linktext|黄鹤楼|街道}}}} || Huánghèlóu Jiēdào
|-
| 8 || [[Ziyang Subdistrict]] || {{lang|zh-hans|{{linktext|紫阳|街道}}}} || Zǐyáng Jiēdào
|-
| 9 || [[Baishazhou Subdistrict]] ''White Sand Islet'' || {{lang|zh-hans|{{linktext|白沙洲|街道}}}} || Báishāzhōu Jiēdào
|-
| 10 || [[Shouyilu Subdistrict]] ''First to Rise in Revolt Road'' || {{lang|zh-hans|{{linktext|首义路|街道}}}} || Shǒuyìlù Jiēdào
|-
| 11 || [[Zhongnanlu Subdistrict]] ''South Central Road'' || {{lang|zh-hans|{{linktext|中南路|街道}}}} || Zhōngnánlù Jiēdào
|-
| 12 || [[Shuiguohu Subdistrict]] ''Fruit Lake'' || {{lang|zh-hans|{{linktext|水果湖|街道}}}} || Shuǐguǒhú Jiēdào
|-
| 13 || [[Luojiashan Subdistrict]] ''Mount Luojia''  || {{lang|zh-hans|{{linktext|珞珈山|街道}}}} || Luòjiāshān Jiēdào
|-
| 14 || [[Nanhu Subdistrict, Wuchang District|Nanhu Subdistrict]] ''[[South Lake (Wuhan)|South Lake]]''  || {{lang|zh-hans|{{linktext|南湖|街道}}}} || Nánhú Jiēdào
|-
| 15 || [[Donghu Scenic Area]] ''[[East Lake (Wuhan)|East Lake]]''  || {{lang|zh-hans|{{linktext|东湖风景区|街道}}}} || Dōnghú Fēngjǐngqū Jiēdào
|}

==Notable people==
*[[Saint]] [[Francis Regis Clet]], one of the [[Martyr Saints of China]], executed in Wuchang in 1840
*[[Li Bingbing]], actress and singer
*[[Jayne Meadows]], American stage, film and television actress

==See also==
The Wuchang fish (''[[Megalobrama amblycephala]]''; {{zh|s=武昌鱼 |t=武昌魚 |p=Wǔchāng yú |labels=no}}) is named after the town.

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

==External links==
{{commons category|Wuchang District}}
{{Wiktionary|Wuchang|Wu-ch'ang|Wu-chang|Ou-tchang}}
*[http://www.wuchang.gov.cn/ Official website of Wuchang District Government]

{{County-level divisions of Hubei}}
{{authority control}}

[[Category:County-level divisions of Hubei]]
[[Category:Geography of Wuhan]]