Editing Woodstock, Connecticut

{{Use mdy dates|date=April 2024}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name                            = Woodstock, Connecticut
| settlement_type                 = [[New England town|Town]]
| image_skyline                   = Autumn at Roseland Park, Woodstock Connecticut.jpg
| imagesize                       = 
| image_caption                   = View from Roseland Park in Woodstock
| image_flag                      = 
| image_seal                      = WoodstockCTseal.gif
| image_map                       = {{switcher|[[File:Windham County Connecticut incorporated and unincorporated areas Woodstock highlighted.svg|230px|frameless|alt=Woodstock's location within Windham County and Connecticut]]|&nbsp;[[Windham County, Connecticut|Windham County]] and Connecticut|[[File:Northeastern Connecticut incorporated and unincorporated areas Woodstock highlighted.svg|250px|frameless|alt=Woodstock's location within the Northeastern Connecticut Planning Region and the state of Connecticut]]|&nbsp;[[Northeastern Connecticut Planning Region, Connecticut|Northeastern Connecticut Planning Region]] and Connecticut|default=1}}
| image_map1                      = {{maplink|frame=yes|plain=yes|frame-align=center|frame-width=280|frame-height=200|frame-coord=SWITCH:{{coord|qid=Q2446178}}###{{coord|qid=Q779}}###{{coord|41|58|N|72|1|W}}|zoom=SWITCH:10;6;3|type=SWITCH:shape-inverse;point;point|marker=city|stroke-width=2|stroke-color=#000000|id2=SWITCH:Q2446178;Q779;Q30|type2=shape|fill2=#ffffff|fill-opacity2=SWITCH:0;0.1;0.1|stroke-width2=2|stroke-color2=#808080|stroke-opacity2=SWITCH:0;1;1|switch=Woodstock;Connecticut;the United States}}
| subdivision_type                = Country
| subdivision_name                = {{flag|United States}}
| subdivision_type1               = [[U.S. state]]
| subdivision_name1               = {{flag|Connecticut}}
| subdivision_type2               = [[County (United States)|County]]
| subdivision_name2               = [[Windham County, Connecticut|Windham]]
| subdivision_type3               = [[Councils of governments in Connecticut|Region]]
| subdivision_name3               = [[Northeastern Connecticut Planning Region, Connecticut|Northeastern CT]]
| leader_title                    = First selectman
| leader_name                     = Chandler Paquette ([[Republican Party (United States)|R]])
| leader_title1                   = Selectman
| leader_name1                    = Kate McDonald ([[Democratic Party (United States)|D]])<br/>
| leader_title2                   = Selectman
| leader_name2                   = Chris Mayhew (R)<br/>
| leader_title3                   = [[Connecticut Senate|State Senator]]
| leader_name3                    = Jeff Gordon<br/>(R-[[Connecticut's 35th State Senate district|35th District]])
| leader_title4                   = [[Connecticut House of Representatives|State Rep.]]
| leader_name4                    = [[Pat Boyd]]<br/>(D-[[Connecticut's 50th House of Representatives district|50th District]])
| government_type                 = [[Board of selectmen|Selectman-town meeting]]
| established_title               = Founded
| established_date                = 1686
| established_title2              = Annexed by Connecticut
| established_date2               = 1749
| area_land_km2                   = 156.8
| area_water_km2                  = 3.4
| area_total_sq_mi                = 61.8
| unit_pref                       = Imperial
| area_magnitude                  = 
| area_total_km2                  = 160.1
| population_as_of                = 2020
| population_total                = 8221
| population_footnotes            = 
| population_density_sq_mi        = 
| population_density_km2          = 52.4
| timezone                        = [[Eastern Standard Time Zone|Eastern]]
| utc_offset                      = -5
| timezone_DST                    = [[Eastern Standard Time Zone|Eastern]]
| utc_offset_DST                  = -4
| area_land_sq_mi                 = 60.5
| area_water_sq_mi                = 1.3
| elevation_m                     = 242
| elevation_ft                    = 794
| coordinates                     = {{coord|41|58|N|72|1|W|region:US-CT|display=inline,title}}
| postal_code_type                = ZIP code
| postal_code                     = 06281, 06282
| region                          = 
| website                         = {{URL|https://www.woodstockct.gov/}}
| area_code                       = [[Area codes 860 and 959|860/959]]
| blank_name                      = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]]
| blank_info                      = 09-88190
| blank1_name                     = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID
| blank1_info                     = 0213541
| blank3_name                     = State Routes
| blank3_info                     = [[File:Connecticut Highway 169.svg|25px|link=Connecticut Route 169]] [[File:Connecticut Highway 171.svg|25px|link=Connecticut Route 171]] [[File:Connecticut Highway 197.svg|25px|link=Connecticut Route 197]] [[File:Connecticut Highway 198.svg|25px|link=Connecticut Route 198]] 
}}

'''Woodstock''' is a [[New England town|town]] in [[Windham County, Connecticut|Windham County]], [[Connecticut]], United States. The town is part of the [[Northeastern Connecticut Planning Region, Connecticut|Northeastern Connecticut Planning Region]]. The population was 8,221 at the [[2020 United States census|2020 census]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/profile?g=0600000US0901588190|title=Census - Geography Profile: Woodstock town, Windham County, Connecticut|access-date=December 23, 2021}}</ref>

==History==

===17th century===
In the mid-17th century, [[John Eliot (missionary)|John Eliot]], a [[Puritan]] missionary to the [[Indigenous peoples of the Americas|Native Americans]], established "praying towns", where Native Americans took up Christianity and were expected to renounce their religious ceremonies, traditional dress, and customs. One praying town, called Wabaquasset (Senexet, Wabiquisset), six miles west of the [[Quinebaug River]] in present-day Woodstock, was the largest of the three northeastern Connecticut praying towns.

In 1675, when [[King Philip's War]] broke out, some of the town's Indians, (especially in the southern part of the town) sided with the Mohegans and the English while others sided with the Indians led by Philip, rallying to arms on what is now Curtis Island in present Holland, Massachusetts and Brimfield, Massachusetts. During the war, the praying town became deserted, and the English with their Indian allies marched through Woodstock to present day Thompson in the summer of 1676 burning any crops or stored corn they could find.<ref name="history">[http://www.townofwoodstock.com/history.html] "A Brief History of Woodstock" Web page on the Woodstock, Connecticut official town Web site, accessed July 30, 2006</ref>

In 1682, Massachusetts bought a tract of land, which included Woodstock, from the Mohegans. A group of 13 men from [[Roxbury, Massachusetts]] (home of the Pastorate of Woodstock's earlier visitor, John Eliot), settled the town in 1686 and named it New Roxbury. Judge Samuel Sewall suggested the town change its name to Woodstock in 1690, citing its proximity to [[Oxford, Massachusetts]], and in 1749 the town became part of Connecticut.<ref name=history/> The present name is after [[Woodstock, Oxfordshire|Woodstock]], in England.<ref>{{cite book|title=The Connecticut Magazine: An Illustrated Monthly|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qoEyAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA335|year=1903|publisher=Connecticut Magazine Company|page=335}}</ref>

===18th and 19th centuries===
A farming town in the 18th century, Woodstock began attracting industry after the [[War of 1812]]. "By 1820, there were 2 distilleries, 2 wheel wrights, an oil mill, fulling mill, carding machines, grist mills, saw mills, a goldsmith, and twine and cotton batting operations. Woodstock Valley was known for its shoe factories," according to the history page at the Woodstock town government Web site.<ref name=history/>

By the middle of the 19th century, industry almost ceased, and Woodstock reverted to a rural state. The town then became a summer destination for wealthy city dwellers from around the East coast of the United States.<ref name=history/>

[[Henry Chandler Bowen|Henry C. Bowen]] was critical to this development. Bowen was a Woodstock native who became wealthy through the dry-goods business and publishing in [[Brooklyn|Brooklyn, New York]]. He also founded the anti-slavery newspaper ''The Independent,'' helped found the [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican Party]], and headed the lay managers of the famed [[Plymouth Church (Brooklyn, New York)|Plymouth Church]]. Bowen had built a [[Roseland Cottage|home]] in Woodstock and invested heavily in the improvement of his home town. Other lay leaders of Plymouth Church would summer with him, including [[Henry Ward Beecher]], the church's pastor; Frederick Hinrichs, whose descendants still live in Woodstock; the [[Henry Holt (publisher)|Holt]] publishing family; the [[Lewis Tappan|Tappans]]; and [[Albert Lythgoe]], an Egyptologist renowned for pioneering the use of scientific methods in the unearthing of antiquities.

===Fourth of July celebrations===
Bowen hosted [[Independence Day (United States)|July 4]] celebrations in Woodstock at his Roseland Park during the latter part of the 19th century. These festivities attracted as many as 10,000 people who heard speeches, saw fireworks, and drank pink lemonade. Bowen, often called "Mr. Fourth of July," eventually gave Roseland Park, which included a man-made lake, to the community.<ref name="house">[http://www.courant.com/business/hc-roselandcottage0730.artjul30,0,5151290,print.story?coll=hc-headlines-business] Hamilton, Anne M., "Distinguished Digs: Historic Roseland Cottage In Woodstock Wins National Recognition," article, business section, [[The Hartford Courant]], July 30, 2006, Web site accessed July 30, 2006</ref>

Several U.S. Presidents visited Bowen's summer home on Woodstock Hill: [[Ulysses S. Grant]], [[Benjamin Harrison]], and [[Rutherford B. Hayes]], as his guests and speakers for [[Fourth of July]] celebrations. Grant visited while he was a sitting president. Grant spent a night there in spite of the fact that Bowen (a teetotaler) forbade drinking and smoking in his home (Grant was made to smoke his cigars out on the porch, and he drank covertly).<ref name=house/> Hayes arrived for the July 4 celebration of 1883, and gave a speech in support of national education aid.<ref name=Hoogenboom>{{cite book|last=Hooogenboom|first=Ari|title=Rutherford B. Hayes: Warrior and President|year=1995|publisher=University Press of Kansas|location=Lawrence, KS}},</ref> Benjamin Harrison arrived in the first year of his presidency, planting a liberty tree during the 4th of July celebration.<ref name=Sievers>{{cite book|last=Sievers|first=Harry Joseph|title=Benjamin Harrison:Hoosier President|year=1996|publisher=American Political Biography Press|location=Indianapolis}}</ref> Other prominent visitors were [[Henry Ward Beecher]] and [[John C. Fremont]].<ref name=history/>

===Roseland Cottage===
[[Image:Roseland Cottage (Bowen Cottage) - general view.jpg|thumb|[[Historic American Buildings Survey|HABS]] photo of Roseland Cottage (1970).]]
[[File:Roseland Cottage, Woodstock, CT 2020.jpg|thumb|right|Photo of Roseland Cottage (2020).]]
[[Roseland Cottage]], also known as the Pink House or the Bowen House, was a summer home built by wealthy businessman Henry C. Bowen in 1846. This is where Bowen hosted U.S. Presidents for his then-famous Independence Day celebrations at Roseland Park. [[Ulysses S. Grant]] bowled his first strike in the bowling alley located in the carriage barn.<ref name=house/>

The pink-colored house features "tall, angular gables, gingerbread trim, and 21 formal flower gardens outlined by dwarf boxwood hedges," according to a [[Hartford Courant]] article. Roseland is an example of Victorian Gothic Revival style, which can be seen in its pointed gables, scrolled bargeboards, many tall chimneys, and leaded glass windows in diamond shapes. The outside walls, of board and batten wood siding, have been painted 13 different colors over the past 150 years—all shades of pink. As of the summer of 2006, the house was a coral or salmon color. The house still includes the owners' original furniture and knickknacks.<ref name=house/>

Roseland was designed (under Bowen's direction) by architect Joseph C. Wells. The design was influenced by the design books of architectural critic Andrew Jackson Downing.<ref name=house/>

Fine Homebuilding magazine named Roseland one of the 25 most important houses in America in its 2006 Fine Homebuilding Houses Annual Issue.<ref name=house/>

Roseland Cottage was purchased by Historic New England in 1970 and is currently open to the public for tours.<ref name=house/>

===Events===
*'''The Woodstock Fair,''' run by the Woodstock Agricultural Society (established in 1846) has been held since 1860.

==Geography==
[[File:Elm tree in Woodstock, Connecticut (2020).jpg|thumb|right|The largest known elm tree in Woodstock is located close to the Woodstock Fairgrounds (2020).]]According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the town has a total area of {{convert|61.8|sqmi|km2}}, of which {{convert|60.5|sqmi|km2}} is land and 1.3&nbsp;square miles (3.4&nbsp;km{{sup|2}} or 2.10%) is water. It is the second-largest town in Connecticut in terms of land area (after [[New Milford, Connecticut|New Milford]]). The [[42nd parallel north]] and the [[72nd meridian west]] meet in the north central part of town.

===Principal communities===
*East Woodstock
*Harrisville
*Kenyonville
*[[Lake Bungee, Connecticut|Lake Bungee]]
*North Woodstock
*[[Quasset Lake, Connecticut|Quasset Lake]]
*[[South Woodstock, Connecticut|South Woodstock]]
*West Woodstock
*[[Witches Woods, Connecticut|Witches Woods]]
*[[Woodstock Hill Historic District|Woodstock Hill]] (town center)
*Woodstock Valley

==Demographics==
{{US Census population
|1820= 3017
|1840= 3053
|1850= 3381
|1860= 3285
|1870= 2955
|1880= 2639
|1890= 2309
|1900= 2095
|1910= 1849
|1920= 1767
|1930= 1712
|1940= 1912
|1950= 2271
|1960= 3177
|1970= 4311
|1980= 5117
|1990= 6008
|2000= 7221
|2010= 7964
|2020= 8221
|footnote=U.S. Decennial Census<ref name="DecennialCensus">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html|title=Census of Population and Housing|publisher=Census.gov|access-date=June 4, 2015}}</ref>
}}
{{See also|List of Connecticut locations by per capita income}}
As of the [[census]]<ref name="GR2">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=January 31, 2008|title=U.S. Census website}}</ref> of 2000, there were 7,964 people, 3,151 households, and 2,330 families residing in the town. The population density was {{convert|131.6|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. There were 3,582 housing units at an average density of {{convert|59.2|/sqmi|/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. The racial makeup of the town was 97.2% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 0.4% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 0.3% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 0.7% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 0.000001% [[Pacific Islander (U.S. Census)|Pacific Islander]], 0.4% from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], and 1.0% from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 1.5% of the population.

Of the 3,151 households: 31.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 62.5% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 7.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 26.1% were non-families. 20.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.53 and the average family size was 2.93.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 23.1% under the age of 18, 6.2% from 18 to 24, 22.1% from 25 to 44, 35.2% from 45 to 64, and 13.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 44.1 years. For every 100 females, there were 98.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.3 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $81,705, and the median income for a family was $102,008. Males had a median income of $61,500 versus $43,750 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the town was $37,611. About 1.0% of families and 4.7% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 4.6% of those under age 18 and 9.5% of those age 65 or over.

==Education==

[[File:WoodstockCT Academy.jpg|thumb|[[Woodstock Academy Classroom Building]]]]
Woodstock is served by the Woodstock School District. Woodstock Elementary School (Pre-Kindergarten through 4) and Woodstock Middle School (5–8) serve Woodstock. Dr. Francis Baran is the Superintendent. '''Woodstock Elementary School''' serves children in pre-Kindergarten through fourth grade. Enrollment exceeded 500 as of 2006.<ref name="school">[http://www.townofwoodstock.com/schools.html] "Woodstock's Public Schools" Web page on the official Town of Woodstock Web site, accessed July 30, 2006</ref> '''Woodstock Middle School,''' acquired in 1996, has an enrollment of more than 400 in Grades 5–8.<ref name=school/>

The town has an "Independent New England Academy" (a special public / private school governed by a 30-member Board of Trustees)<ref>Jay Livernois. Woodstock Academy Trustee, 1997-2007.</ref> called [[Woodstock Academy]].

From 1941 to 1980, Woodstock was home to [[Annhurst College]], a private, Catholic institution.

===Woodstock Academy===

[[Woodstock Academy]], a "New England Academy" which is a corporate school (there are two others in the State; [[Norwich Free Academy]] and [[The Gilbert School]]) and is governed by a 30-member Board of Trustees, is located in Woodstock. Founded in 1801 as a New England Academy, Woodstock Academy briefly closed twice in the 19th century, and the second time was revived by local philanthropist and Academy graduate Henry C. Bowen. After Bowen's death, his family set up an endowment fund to help keep the school running. In 1915 it became designated the town of Woodstock's public high school. In 1932 Eastford, a nearby community, also designated it as its town high school.<ref name="academy">[http://www.townofwoodstock.com/academyhist.html] "Woodstock Academy" Web page on the Town of Woodstock official Web site, accessed July 30, 2006</ref> From 1915 until 2004 the Town of Woodstock had officially designated the academy as its public high school. Since then the town's Board of Education and the Academy Trustees have been unable to come to an agreement, although Woodstock continues to send its students to the academy for its high school.<ref>Jay Livernois. Woodstock Board of Education Member, 1993-2005.</ref>

Today the school serves the towns of Woodstock, [[Eastford, Connecticut|Eastford]], [[Pomfret, Connecticut|Pomfret]], [[Union, Connecticut|Union]], [[Canterbury, Connecticut|Canterbury]], and [[Brooklyn, Connecticut|Brooklyn]] with a student population of over 1100.<ref name=academy/> The school is often described as "independent" as it is not controlled by any of the municipalities that it serves or by a regional high school board.

Presently the Woodstock Board of Education is in the process of negotiating a new contract with the school, but negotiations have been at an impasse these last two years as the Woodstock Board of Education has been trying to get more financial control over Woodstock Academy, a school which, as of 2009, is administered by itself with oversight by the state of Connecticut.

==Points of interest==
* [[Roseland Cottage]]
* [[Woodstock Academy]]
* Camp Meet (Tyott Road)
* Solair Recreation League, a family nudist resort and campground

==Notable people==
{{See also|Woodstock Academy#Notable alumni and faculty}}
*[[William Eaton (soldier) |William Eaton]] (1764-1811) - [[United States Army]] officer and [[Consul General]] to [[Tunis]]
*[[Samuel McClellan]] (1730-1807) - [[Brigadier General (United States)|Brigadier General]] in the [[American Revolutionary War]]
*[[Caroll Spinney]] (1933-2019) - puppeteer known for playing [[Big Bird]] and [[Oscar the Grouch]] on [[Sesame Street]]
 
==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.townofwoodstock.com/ Town Government Web site]

{{Connecticut}}
{{Windham County, Connecticut}}
{{Northeastern Connecticut Planning Region, Connecticut}}
{{authority control}}

[[Category:Woodstock, Connecticut| ]]
[[Category:Towns in Windham County, Connecticut]]
[[Category:1686 establishments in Connecticut]]
[[Category:Towns in Connecticut]]
[[Category:Towns in Northeastern Connecticut Planning Region, Connecticut]]