Editing WonderSwan

{{short description|Handheld game console}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2016}}
{{Use American English|date=November 2020}}
{{good article}}
{{Infobox information appliance
| title        = WonderSwan
| logo         = WonderSwan logo.svg{{!}}class=skin-invert
| logo_size    = 150px
| image        = <div style="white-space: nowrap; border: #dadada solid 1px;">{{nowrap|[[File:WonderSwan-Black-Left.jpg|175px]]<br>[[File:WonderSwan-Color-Blue-Left.jpg|175px]]<br>[[File:SwanCrystal-Wine-Left.jpg|175px]]}}</div>
| caption      = '''Top:''' WonderSwan'''<br/>Middle:''' WonderSwan Color'''<br/>Bottom:''' SwanCrystal
| manufacturer = [[Bandai]]
| type         = [[Handheld game console]]
| generation   = [[Sixth generation of video game consoles|Sixth]]
| releasedate  = '''WonderSwan:'''{{vgrelease|JP|March 4, 1999}}'''WonderSwan Color:'''{{vgrelease|JP|December 9, 2000}}'''SwanCrystal:'''{{vgrelease|JP|July 12, 2002}}
| lifespan     = 1999–2003
| price        = {{¥|4800|link=yes}} (WonderSwan)<br>{{¥|6800}} (WonderSwan Color)<br>{{¥|7800}} (SwanCrystal)
| discontinued = 2003
| unitssold    = 3.5 million (combined)<br>1.55 million (WonderSwan)<br>1.1 million (WonderSwan Color)
| media        = [[ROM cartridge]]
| power        = 1 × [[AA battery]]<br>40 hours (WonderSwan)<br>20 hours (WonderSwan Color)<br>15 hours (SwanCrystal)
| cpu          = [[NEC V20#Variants and successors|NEC V30 MZ]]
| CPUspeed     = 3.072&nbsp;MHz
| memory       = 64&nbsp;KB [[RAM]]
| display      = [[FSTN]] (WonderSwan, WonderSwan Color)<br>[[TFT LCD]] (SwanCrystal)<br>224 × 144
| sound        = 4 [[PCM]] channels
| related      = [[Tamagotchi]]<br>[[Digimon virtual pet]]
| predecessor    = [[Design Master Senshi Mangajukuu]]
}}

The {{nihongo foot|'''WonderSwan'''|ワンダースワン|WandāSuwan|lead=yes|group=lower-alpha}} is a [[handheld game console]] released in [[Japan]] by [[Bandai]]. Developed in collaboration with [[Gunpei Yokoi]]'s company Koto Laboratory, it was the final piece of hardware Yokoi worked on before his death in 1997. Launched in March 1999 during the [[sixth generation of video game consoles]], the WonderSwan was followed by two upgraded models, the '''WonderSwan Color''' and '''SwanCrystal''', before Bandai discontinued the line in 2003. Throughout its lifespan, no version of the WonderSwan was officially released outside Japan.

Powered by a [[16-bit computing|16-bit]] processor, the WonderSwan was designed as both a more powerful and affordable alternative to its 8-bit competitors, [[Nintendo]]'s [[Game Boy Color]] and [[SNK]]'s [[Neo Geo Pocket Color]], while offering notably long battery life from a single [[AA battery]]. Later iterations improved the handheld’s display, introducing color for enhanced visual quality. One of its distinguishing features was its dual-orientation design, allowing gameplay in both vertical and horizontal modes. The WonderSwan also cultivated a unique library, featuring numerous first-party titles based on licensed [[anime]] properties and strong third-party support from developers such as [[Squaresoft]], [[Namco]], [[Capcom]] and [[Banpresto]].

In total, all variations of the WonderSwan combined to sell an estimated 3.5 million units, capturing up to 8% of the Japanese handheld gaming market at its peak before being overshadowed by Nintendo's [[Game Boy Advance]]. In retrospect, despite its limited commercial success, the WonderSwan is often praised for its innovation and potential, as well as its brief yet noteworthy challenge to Nintendo's dominance in the handheld gaming space.

==History==
Founded in 1950 by Naoharu Yamashina, [[Bandai]] was originally a manufacturer of toy cars and plastic models, but became a major player in the toy industry through the licensing of popular [[anime]] characters beginning with ''[[Astro Boy|Tetsuwan Atomu]]'' in 1963. In the 1970s, Bandai manufactured both [[liquid crystal display|LCD]] games based on television programs and dedicated consoles. In 1982, the company released the [[Intellivision]] in Japan, and in 1985 it became one of the first third-party licensees on the [[Nintendo Entertainment System|Family Computer]]. However, the company's greatest success in electronic games, was the [[Tamagotchi]] virtual pet first released in 1996.<ref name="high score">{{cite book|last1=DeMaria|first1=Rusel|last2=Wilson|first2=Johnny|title=High Score!: The Illustrated History of Electronic Games|publisher=McGraw-Hill Osborne Media|location=New York|year=2003|isbn=0-072-23172-6|pages=366–367}}</ref> Despite plans for Bandai to merge with [[Sega]] to form Sega Bandai Ltd. in 1997, the merger was called off suddenly.  Bandai's board of directors decided to oppose the merger less than a week after approving it, and Sega in turn decided to accept Bandai's actions at an emergency board meeting later that day. Bandai president Makoto Yamashina took responsibility for failing to gain the support of his company for the merger.<ref name="wp">{{cite news|date=May 28, 1997|author=Sugawara, Sandra|newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]|title=Sega-Bandai Merger Plan Called Off|access-date=May 23, 2014|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-727773.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140629113231/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-727773.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=June 29, 2014}}</ref> As a result, Bandai entered the market without outside support.<ref name="retro-gamer-36">{{cite journal|author=Wild, Kim|year=2007|title=Retroinspection: WonderSwan|url=https://archive.org/details/retro_gamer/RetroGamer_036/page/68/mode/2up|issue=36|pages=68–71|issn=1742-3155|journal=[[Retro Gamer]]}}</ref>

Engineer [[Gunpei Yokoi]] is known for creating the [[Game Boy]] handheld system at [[Nintendo]]. After the failure of the [[Virtual Boy]], however, he left the company in 1996 in order to create his own engineering firm, Koto Laboratory. It was then that Bandai approached Yokoi to create the WonderSwan to compete with the Game Boy.<ref name="retro-gamer-36"/> Yokoi was involved in development of the new handheld, but died in 1997 in a car accident before it was released.<ref name="kotaku">{{cite web|url=http://kotaku.com/5790050/the-game-boy-creators-last-handheld-was-a-wonderful-little-thing|title=The Game Boy Creator's Last Handheld Was a Wonderful Thing|author=Plunkett, Luke|publisher=[[Kotaku]]|date=April 8, 2011|access-date=April 17, 2014}}</ref>

The WonderSwan was officially unveiled in Tokyo on October 8, 1998.<ref name="Sentinel">{{cite news|date=October 9, 1998|agency=Associated Press|newspaper=[[The Orlando Sentinel]]|title=Fun in the Palm of Your Hand|access-date=May 24, 2014|url=http://docs.newsbank.com/openurl?ctx_ver=z39.88-2004&rft_id=info:sid/iw.newsbank.com:AWNB:ORLB&rft_val_format=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rft_dat=0EB4F474A0E83D50&svc_dat=InfoWeb:aggregated5&req_dat=0ECC86DE7A4704AD|via=[[Newsbank]]{{subscription required}}}}</ref> Bandai chose the name of the system to highlight its aesthetics and technical capabilities because the swan is recognized as an elegant bird with powerful legs that aid its graceful swimming.<ref name="retro-gamer-126">{{cite journal|author=Brunskill, Kerry|year=2010|title=Swan Song: A WonderSwan Retrospective|url=https://archive.org/details/retro_gamer/RetroGamer_126/page/44/mode/2up|issue=126|pages=45–47|journal=[[Retro Gamer]]}}</ref> The company promised a 30-hour battery life, a low retail price, and a launch lineup of roughly fifty games.<ref name="Sentinel"/>

[[File:WonderSwan-WonderWave-PocketStation.jpg|thumb|left|The WonderWave accessory is an infrared communicator that could transfer data between two WonderSwans. It is also compatible with the [[PocketStation]] (right) for select Bandai games.]]
The WonderSwan launched on March 4, 1999<ref name="kotaku"/> and was available in nine casing colors: pearl white, skeleton green, silver metallic, skeleton pink, blue metallic, skeleton blue, skeleton black, camouflage, and gold. Three limited edition two-tone models were also released in frozen mint, sherbet melon and soda blue. These colors were chosen through an online poll at Bandai’s website, with the metallic and pearl white models being discontinued on July 22 to make room for the special two-tone editions.<ref name="retro-gamer-36"/> Despite Nintendo's release of the [[Game Boy Color]] five months before, Bandai remained confident that the WonderSwan and its monochromatic [[FSTN]] display would perform well because the original black-and-white Game Boy had previously been more successful than its color-screen competitors, the [[Game Gear]] and [[Atari Lynx]], on the basis of its battery life and the quality of its game library. With a retail price {{JPY|4800}}, the WonderSwan was also cheaper than its competition.<ref name="USG">{{cite web|url=http://www.usgamer.net/articles/a-look-at-game-boys-true-successor-gunpei-yokois-wonderswan|title=Exploring Game Boy's True Successor, Bandai WonderSwan|author=Parish, Jeremy|publisher=USGamer|date=May 8, 2014|access-date=May 12, 2014}}</ref> In 2000, Bandai signed an agreement with Mattel to bring the handheld to North America, but ultimately decided against a Western release.<ref name="retro-gamer-36"/> The exact reason for this is unknown, but the crowded handheld video game console market has been suggested as a factor.<ref name="USG"/>

Later that year, Bandai announced the {{nihongo foot|WonderSwan Color|ワンダースワンカラー|WandāSuwan Karā|group=lower-alpha}} which would incorporate a [[Passive matrix addressing|passive matrix]] FSTN color screen while retaining backward compatibility with the original WonderSwan.<ref name="retro-gamer-36"/> It was released on December 9 in Japan and was available in pearl blue, pearl pink, crystal black, crystal blue, and crystal orange.<ref name="colorLaunch"/><ref name="colorSpec">{{cite web|url=http://gameboy.ign.com/articles/084/084272p1.html |title=WonderSwan Color Revealed |website=IGN|author=Harris, Craig|access-date=April 28, 2011 |date=August 30, 2000}}</ref> The launch was a moderate success, with the system selling 270,632 units in under a month after its release.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.famitsu.com/game/special/2001/02/08/2000_n_hyo03.html|script-title=ja:2000年のハード推定販売台数|language= ja|publisher=[[Famitsu]]|access-date=March 21, 2014}}</ref> Before the WonderSwan Color could be released, however, Nintendo announced the [[Game Boy Advance]], which featured superior hardware. The WonderSwan Color still retailed at a lower price point at {{¥|6800}} compared to the Advance at {{¥|9800}}, but despite peaking at 8% of the handheld market share in Japan, the WonderSwan's sales never recovered after the Game Boy Advance reached store shelves in March 2001.<ref name="retro-gamer-36"/>

A redesign of the WonderSwan Color, titled {{nihongo foot|SwanCrystal|スワンクリスタル|SuwanKurisutaru|group=lower-alpha}}, was released in Japan on July 12, 2002 for {{¥|7800}},<ref>{{cite magazine|title=Japan Hardware Sales|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140419144156/http://www.gamepro.com/article/news/25304/japan-hardware-sales-07-14-02/|archive-date=April 19, 2014|url=http://www.gamepro.com/article/news/25304/japan-hardware-sales-07-14-02/|magazine=[[GamePro]]|date=July 14, 2002|url-status=dead|df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=バンダイ、ワンダースワンにTFT液晶搭載モデルが登場!「スワンクリスタル」|url= http://game.watch.impress.co.jp/docs/20020508/wsc.htm |language=ja|publisher=Watch Impress|date=July 14, 2002|access-date=May 23, 2014}}</ref> {{¥|1000}} less than the Game Boy Advance.<ref name="jt">{{cite journal|title=Bandai debuts SwanCrystal game machine|journal=Japan Toy and Game Software Journal|date=July 25, 2002|access-date=May 23, 2014|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-91083682.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140629113229/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-91083682.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=June 29, 2014}}</ref> Once again, Bandai held a poll on its website to determine casing colors and released the system in blue violet, wine red, crystal blue, and crystal black.<ref name="retro-gamer-36"/><ref name="SC-colors">{{cite web|script-title=ja:スワンクリスタルの新色は人気投票で決まる!!|url= http://www.famitsu.com/game/info/1137113_1113.html|publisher=[[Famitsu]]|language=ja|date=September 19, 2002|access-date=May 22, 2014}}</ref> Despite its low price and an improved [[TFT LCD]] screen, the SwanCrystal was unable to compete, so Bandai discontinued the WonderSwan line in 2003 due to low demand and backed out of producing video game hardware altogether.<ref name="retro-gamer-36"/> In all, the handheld sold 3.5 million units,<ref name="retro-gamer-126"/><ref name="koto"/> of which 1.55 million were of the original WonderSwan and at least 1.1 million were of the WonderSwan Color.<ref name="retro-gamer-36"/><ref name="retro-gamer-126"/>

=={{anchor|#Technical specifications}}Technical specifications==
[[File:WonderSwan-Color-Back-wBattery.jpg|thumb|right|All WonderSwan models are powered by a single [[AA battery]].]]
The main [[CPU]] of the WonderSwan is a [[16-bit]] [[NEC V20#Variants and successors|NEC V30 MZ]], a variant of the [[Intel 8086]].<ref name="hhcbws">{{cite web| url=http://www.pocketgamer.co.uk/r/Blackberry/Handheld+Classics/feature.asp?c=7285| title=Handheld Classics: Bandai WonderSwan| author=McFerran, Damien| date=June 18, 2008| publisher=[[Pocket Gamer]]| access-date=August 8, 2017}}</ref><ref name="wsman">{{cite web| url=http://daifukkat.su/docs/wsman/| title=WSMan rev.7| author=Marshall, Alex| date=2014–2016| access-date=August 8, 2017}}</ref>  The original model's screen is capable of displaying up to eight shades of gray, in contrast to the four displayed by the WonderSwan's main competitor, the Game Boy. Similar to the [[Atari Lynx]], the handheld has an extra set of buttons allowing the console to be played at different angles; for the WonderSwan, these buttons were used to allow gamers to play games in both the portrait and landscape orientations. The WonderSwan series are all powered by a single AA battery, with the original monochrome version having a battery life of 40 hours.<ref name="USG"/> It also allows players to record their personal information, such as their name, birth date, and blood type, which can then be accessed and used by the game.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.koto.co.jp:80/body/wonderswan.html| title=WonderSwan SPECIFICATIONS| publisher=Koto Laboratory| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040226015630/http://www.koto.co.jp/body/wonderswan.html| archive-date=February 26, 2004| url-status=dead| access-date=August 8, 2017| df=mdy-all}}</ref> Its LCD screen is {{convert|2.49|in|cm}} and displays at a resolution of 224 × 144.<ref name="retro-gamer-126"/> Its sound capabilities consist of four [[PCM]] channels, each of which can play 32-sample, 4-bit sounds at selectable volume and pitch levels.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://wwgp.qute.co.jp/2002/entry/00040/ws-web/sound/sound1.html |script-title=ja:ワンダースワンプログラミング入門 サウンドを鳴らす |trans-title=Wonderswan Programming Introduction - Sound |language=ja |publisher=[[Qute]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040719123246/http://wwgp.qute.co.jp/2002/entry/00040/ws-web/sound/sound1.html |archive-date=July 19, 2004 |access-date=June 19, 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref>

The physical measurements of the WonderSwan Color are {{convert|12.8|x|7.43|x|2.43|cm|in}}, slightly larger than the original WonderSwan, and it weighs {{convert|96|g|oz}}. Its CPU is a 3.072&nbsp;MHz NEC V30 MZ, and it includes 512 [[kilobit|kbit]] of [[RAM]], which is shared between the [[video RAM]] and the work RAM. The screen on the WonderSwan Color can display up to 241 colors out of a palette of 4096, and up to 28 sprites per line. It offers backward compatibility with all previous WonderSwan titles.<ref name="colorSpec"/> Its LCD screen is also larger than that of the original WonderSwan,<ref name="colorLaunch">{{cite web|url=http://www.promoduck.com/PressRelease/html/press_con10a048.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041104054338/http://www.promoduck.com/PressRelease/html/press_con10a048.htm |title=Bandai announces release of WonderSwan color |access-date=April 28, 2011 |date=August 30, 2000 |archive-date=November 4, 2004 |publisher=[[Bandai]] |via=PromoDuck |url-status=dead}}</ref> measuring {{convert|2.9|in|cm}}.<ref name="retro-gamer-36"/> The WonderSwan Color has an approximate battery life of 20 hours.<ref name="colorSpec"/> The SwanCrystal improves upon the design of the WonderSwan Color through the use of a [[TFT LCD]] monitor, which has a superior response time to the [[FSTN]] monitor used in the former system. This helped to reduce [[motion blur]] in the handheld's graphics. The unit's case was also redesigned to be more durable. Its approximate battery life is 15 hours.<ref name="retro-gamer-36"/> The original WonderSwan's cartridges were solid black, while the WonderSwan Color's cartridges were clear. Games for the original WonderSwan would not display additional coloring on a WonderSwan Color and retain its original grayscale.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ign.com/articles/2000/12/16/hands-on-with-the-wonderswan-color|title=Hands On With the WonderSwan Color|author=IGN Staff|date=December 15, 2000|website=IGN|publisher=Ziff Davis|access-date=June 28, 2018}}</ref>

Several features and accessories were developed for the WonderSwan. The WonderWitch is an official [[software development kit]] aimed at amateur programmers that was released by [[Qute Corporation]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.qute.co.jp/works.html |title=Qute Corporation Works |publisher=[[Qute]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140227110201/http://www.qute.co.jp/works.html |archive-date=February 27, 2014 |access-date=June 19, 2014 |url-status=dead |df=mdy-all}}</ref> It sold at a cost of {{¥|11800}} and allows for games to be developed in the [[C programming language]].<ref name="retro-gamer-36"/> An adapter was created to connect headphones to the handheld, as the WonderSwan lacks a headphone port. A remote-controlled robot known as the WonderBorg can be operated through the unit.<ref name="retro-gamer-36"/><ref name="NintendoLife WonderSwan">{{cite web |url=http://www.nintendolife.com/news/2014/03/hardware_classics_bandai_wonderswan |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160408183111/http://www.nintendolife.com/news/2014/03/hardware_classics_bandai_wonderswan |title=Hardware Classics: Bandai WonderSwan |first=Damien |last=McFerran |work=[[Nintendo Life]] |publisher=[[Gamer Network]] |date=March 11, 2014 |archive-date=April 8, 2016 |access-date=November 25, 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref> In addition, the handheld can be connected to a [[PocketStation]], a memory card peripheral for the [[PlayStation (console)|PlayStation]] console, through a device known as the WonderWave.<ref name="NintendoLife WonderSwan"/> The WonderSwan and its later models were also capable of connecting to the [[internet]] via a mobile phone network.<ref name="retro-gamer-36"/>

==Game library==
{{main|List of WonderSwan games|List of WonderSwan Color games}}
[[Image:Gunpey WS screenshot.jpg|thumb|right|A screenshot of ''[[Gunpey]]'' for the original WonderSwan.  ''Gunpey'' was named for [[Gunpei Yokoi]], developer of the system.]]
Koto Laboratories claims that the WonderSwan sold 10 million game cartridges in all.<ref name="koto"/> In developing games for the WonderSwan, Bandai leveraged the assistance of several developers. [[Banpresto]]—part-owned by Bandai at the time—added support by way of [[anime]] licenses and licensed titles, while [[Namco]] and [[Capcom]] also developed titles for the handheld.<ref name="USG"/> [[Square Enix|Squaresoft]] contributed remakes of ''[[Final Fantasy (video game)|Final Fantasy]]'', ''[[Final Fantasy II]]'', and ''[[Final Fantasy IV]]'', which later also came to the Game Boy Advance.<ref name="USG"/><ref name="colorSpec"/> [[Taito]] contributed well-received ports such as ''[[Space Invaders]]'' and ''[[Densha de Go!]]''. Bandai augmented these releases with games of its own, including exclusive titles in the ''[[Digimon]]'' and ''[[Gundam]]'' franchises.<ref name="retro-gamer-36"/> To compete with ''[[Tetris]]'', Gunpei Yokoi developed a puzzle game for the system ultimately named ''[[Gunpey]]'' in his honor.<ref name="retro-gamer-126"/> A sequel known as ''Gunpey EX'' was a launch title for the WonderSwan Color.<ref name="retro-gamer-36"/> Certain games produced through the WonderWitch kit, such as ''Judgement Silversword'', have also been noted as excellent titles.<ref name="retro-gamer-36"/><ref name="USG"/><ref name="NintendoLife WonderSwan"/>

Support for the WonderSwan has been considered underwhelming. Although some well known third-party developers supported the console, most publishers continued to exclusively support Nintendo's handhelds. The departure of Squaresoft as a developer and its return to Nintendo has been cited as a factor in the WonderSwan's diminishing sales in later years.<ref name="retro-gamer-36"/> After the discontinuation of the WonderSwan in 2003, several developers ported WonderSwan games to the Game Boy Advance.<ref name="USG"/>

==Reception==
Selling 3.5 million units,<ref name="retro-gamer-126"/><ref name="koto">{{cite web|url=http://www.koto.co.jp/english/products/device.html|title=Koto Laboratory: Products|publisher=Koto Laboratories|access-date=May 12, 2014|archive-date=February 16, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140216031358/http://www.koto.co.jp/english/products/device.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> the WonderSwan only picked up 8% of the marketshare in Japan and was ultimately outperformed by Nintendo's Game Boy Advance.<ref name="retro-gamer-36"/> Due to its brightly colored screen and deep game library, the Game Boy Advance ensured Nintendo would have a near-monopoly on the handheld console market in Japan until the release of the [[PlayStation Portable]] by [[Sony]] in 2004.<ref name="kotaku"/>

Retrospective feedback to the handheld praises its accomplishments but defines it as a "niche" device that appeals to only certain gamers. Writing for ''USgamer'', Jeremy Parish considers the WonderSwan the ultimate expression of Gunpei Yokoi's design philosophy and notes its modest impact on the market, but blames Bandai for its lack of success: "While WonderSwan ultimately will be remembered as a highly localized blip in the history of handheld games, as a platform it genuinely held its own... the system's obscurity resulted more from poor timing and Bandai's strangely meek strategy, not from any inherent flaws in the design of the machine itself". Parish also goes on to hypothesize on the lack of a WonderSwan release in North America, stating, "given how hard it was to find Neo Geo Pocket systems and games at U.S. retail, it's hard to imagine they were clamoring for yet another niche portable from Japan".<ref name="USG"/> Luke Plunkett from ''[[Kotaku]]'' praised the WonderSwan's challenge to Nintendo, saying that "it tried some pretty unique and interesting things, and put up a much sterner fight than most other handhelds ever managed".<ref name="kotaku"/> ''[[Retro Gamer]]'''s Kim Wild criticizes some aspects of the handheld, including its lack of a headphone and [[alternating current|AC]] port, as well as its poor control scheme for left-handed individuals and inability to play multiplayer link games with the headphone adapter connected. Wild offers some praise for the handheld, however, stating "what [Bandai] managed with the WonderSwan was impressive given the competition. The low price even today makes it more than worthy of consideration".<ref name="retro-gamer-36"/>

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}

==External links==
* {{Official website|https://web.archive.org/web/20000816000422/http://www.swan.channel.or.jp/}} (archive) {{in lang|ja}}

{{Bandai Namco Hardware}}
{{Fifth generation game consoles}}
{{Handheld game consoles}}
{{Portal bar|Video games|Electronics|1990s}}

[[Category:Computer-related introductions in 1999]]
[[Category:1999 establishments in Japan]]
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[[Category:X86-based game consoles]]
[[Category:NEC V20]]
[[Category:Bandai consoles]]
[[Category:Sixth-generation video game consoles]]
[[Category:Handheld game consoles]]
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[[Category:Japan-exclusive video game hardware]]
[[Category:Monochrome video game consoles]]