Editing William Chambers (architect)

{{short description|Swedish-British architect (1723–1796)}}
{{Infobox architect
|honorific-prefix=[[Sir]]
|name=William Chambers
|image=Sir William Chambers.jpg
|caption=Chambers, painted in 1764 by Frances Cotes
|nationality=[[Kingdom of Sweden|Swedish]], later [[Kingdom of Great Britain|British]] (originally [[Kingdom of Scotland|Scottish]])
|birth_place=[[Gothenburg]], Sweden
|birth_date=23 February 1723
|death_date={{death date and age|1796|3|10|1723|2|23|df=yes}}
|death_place=London, England
|significant_buildings=[[Casino at Marino]]<br />[[Dundas House]] (now the headquarters of the Royal Bank of Scotland)<br />[[Dunmore Pineapple]]<br />[[Somerset House]]
}}
__NOTOC__
'''Sir William Chambers''' {{Post-nominals|post-noms=[[Royal Academy|RA]]}} (23 February 1723 – 10 March 1796) was a Swedish-British architect. Among his best-known works are [[Somerset House]], the [[Gold State Coach]] and the [[Great Pagoda, Kew Gardens|pagoda]] at [[Kew Gardens|Kew]]. Chambers was a founder member of the [[Royal Academy]].

==Biography==
William Chambers was born on 23 February 1723 in [[Gothenburg]], [[Sweden]], to a [[Scottish people|Scottish]] merchant father.<ref>[http://www.greatbuildings.com/architects/William_Chambers.html William Chambers Biography]</ref><ref>page 11, Sir William Chambers Architect to George III, John Harris and Michael Snodin, 1996, Yale University Press {{ISBN|0-300-06940-5}}</ref>

Between 1740 and 1749 he was employed by the [[Swedish East India Company]] making three voyages to China<ref>page 11, Sir William Chambers Architect to George III, John Harris and Michael Snodin, 1996, Yale University Press {{ISBN|0-300-06940-5}}</ref> where he studied [[Chinese architecture]] and decoration. It was during his employment with the company that he befriended David af Sandeberg, director of the Swedish East India Company and [[Swedish nobility|nobleman]], who subsequently married Chambers' sister, Maria.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Harris |first=John |title=Sir William Chambers: Architect to George III |date=10 October 1996 |publisher=Yale University Press |year=1996 |isbn=9780300069419 |edition=1st |location=New York, USA |pages=11-25 |language=en}}</ref>

Returning to Europe, he studied architecture in Paris (with [[Jacques-François Blondel|J. F. Blondel]]) and spent five years in Italy.  Then, in 1755, he moved to London, where he established an architectural practice. In 1757, through a recommendation of [[John Stuart, 3rd Earl of Bute|Lord Bute]],<ref>page 59, The Architect King: George III and the Culture of the Enlightenment, David Watkin, 2004, Royal Collection Publications</ref> he was appointed architectural tutor to the Prince of Wales, later [[George III]], and in 1766 also, along with [[Robert Adam]], Architect to the King, (this being an unofficial title, rather than an actual salaried post with the [[Office of Works]]).<ref>page 15, ''The Architect King: George III and the Culture of the Enlightenment'', David Watkin, 2004, Royal Collection Publications</ref>  He worked for [[Princess Augusta of Saxe-Gotha|Augusta]], Dowager Princess of Wales, making fanciful garden buildings at [[Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew|Kew]], and in 1757 he published a book of Chinese designs which had a significant influence on contemporary taste.  He developed his Chinese interests further with his ''Dissertation on Oriental Gardening'' (1772), a fanciful elaboration of contemporary English ideas about the naturalistic style of gardening in China.

[[File:Portrait of Sir William Chambers.png|thumb|''[[Portrait of Sir William Chambers]]'' by [[Joshua Reynolds]], 1780]]
[[File:Somerset House.jpg|right|thumb|The central courtyard of Chambers' [[Somerset House]] in London. The pavement fountain was installed in the 1990s.]]
His more serious and academic ''Treatise on Civil Architecture''  published in 1759 proved influential on builders; it went into several editions and was still being republished in 1862.<ref>''[https://archive.org/details/treatiseondecora00cham A Treatise on the Decorative Parts of Civil Architecture]'', 1862 ed, revised and edited by W.H. Leeds</ref> It dealt with the use of the [[classical order]]s, and gave suggestions for decorative elements, rather than dealing with construction and planning; for its  third edition it was retitled ''A Treatise on the Decorative Parts of Civil Architecture''. It included ideas from the works of many 16th- and 17th-century Italian architects then still little known in Britain.<ref>Summerson 1970, p.416</ref>  His influence was also  transmitted  through a host of younger architects trained as pupils in his office, including [[Thomas Hardwick]] (1752–1825), who helped him  build  [[Somerset House]] and who wrote his biography.

He was the major rival of Adam in British [[Neoclassicism]]. Chambers was more international in outlook (his knighthood being originally a Swedish honour) and was influenced by continental neoclassicism (which he in turn influenced) when designing for British clients. A second visit to Paris in 1774 confirmed the French cast to his sober and conservative refined blend of Neoclassicism and [[Palladian architecture|Palladian]] conventions.

From around 1758 to the mid-1770s, Chambers concentrated on  building houses for the nobility, beginning with one  for Lord Bessborough at Roehampton.<ref>Summerson 1970, p.416</ref> In 1766 Chambers was elected a foreign member of the [[Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences]]. From 1761 he held the unofficial post of Joint Architect to the King,<ref>Chapter 8, ''The Office of Works 1761–96, Sir William Chambers Knight of the Polar Star'', John Harris, 1970, A. Zwemmer Ltd</ref> he was then promoted to his first official post in the Office of Works and was from 1769–82 Comptroller of the King's Works, his final promotion put him in charge, from 1782 being Surveyor-General and Comptroller a post he kept until his death.

When a scheme to unite a number of government offices on the site of [[Somerset House]] in the [[Strand, London|Strand]] was projected, his position did not give him automatic authority over the construction; however when William Robinson, secretary to the board, who had been put in charge of the new building, died in 1775, Chambers became its architect. His initial plans for a great oval courtyard, connected to three smaller, narrow rectangular courts, were soon modified into a simpler rectilinear scheme.<ref>Summerson 1970, p.416</ref>

On 10 December 1768 the [[Royal Academy]] was founded. Chambers played an important role in the events that led to the Academy's foundation,<ref>Chapter 11, ''The Royal Academy, Sir William Chambers Knight of the Polar Star'', John Harris, 1970, A. Zwemmer Ltd</ref> the ''Minutes of the General Assembly of the Royal Academy'' of 14 December 1768 record 'That some time towards the latter end of November 1768, Mr Chambers waited upon the King and informed him that many artists of reputation together with himself are very desirous of establishing a Society that should more effectively promote the Arts of Design'. He was appointed the Academy's first Treasurer.

Chambers died in London in 1796.  He is buried in [[Poets' Corner]] in [[Westminster Abbey]].<ref>"[https://books.google.com/books?id=0Ck9AAAAYAAJ&dq=%22edmund+burke%22+%22william+chambers%22&pg=PT565 Anecdotes of the Late Sir William Chambers, from the European Magazine," The Annual Register, or a View of the History, Politicks and Literature of the Year (1796):366.]</ref> His tombstone is inscribed:<ref>Ashton, John Rowland: ''Lives and Livelihoods in Little London, The Story of the British in Gothenburg (1621–2011)'', Warne förlag, Sävedalen 2003. {{ISBN|91-86425-48-X}} (inb), p. 40.</ref>

{{blockquote|
''Sir William Chambers, [[Order of the Polar Star|Knight of the Polar Star]], Architect, Surveyor General of His Majesty's Works, F.R.S., F.A.S., R.S. Died March 8th, 1796. Aged 74.''}}

===Visits by Swedes===
One of Chambers friends, [[James Maule]], wrote in his journal in August 1771: ''I visited the [[London Stock Exchange#Royal Exchange|Stock Exchange]] and met John Wilson. I also met several Swedes at sir William Chambers. I spent the Sunday with sir William Chambers at [[Hampton Court]], where his family lives.''<ref>Ashton, John Rowland: ''Lives and Livelihoods in Little London, The Story of the British in Gothenburg (1621–2011)'', Warne förlag, Sävedalen 2003. {{ISBN|91-86425-48-X}} (inb) pp. 38–39.</ref>

The [[Oriental studies|orientalist]] [[Jakob Jonas Björnståhl]]  wrote after a visit at Chambers house in London in 1775:<ref>{{cite book|last=Frängsmyr|first=Tore|title=Ostindiska kompaniet: människorna, äventyret och den ekonomiska drömmen|trans-title=East India Company: the people, the adventure and the economic dream|date=1976|publisher=Bra böcker|location=Höganäs|language=sv|id=Libris 139572  |page=161}}</ref>
{{blockquote|''He counts himself a Swede and speaks the language just like a Swede. He really honours our Nation; he keeps a fairly beautiful house, where he receives Swedes and entertains them in a princely manner.''}}

==Writings==
* ''Designs of Chinese Buildings, Furniture, Dresses, Machines, and Utensils. To which is annexed, a Description of their Temples, Houses, Gardens, &c.'' (London) 1757
* {{lang|fr|Desseins des edifices, meubles, habits, machines, et ustenciles des Chinois; Auxquels est ajoutée une descr. de leurs temples, de leurs maisons, de leurs jardins, etc.}} (London) 1757
* ''A treatise on civil architecture in which the principles of that art are laid down and illustrated by a great number of plates accurately designed and elegantly engraved by the best hands'' (London) 1759
* ''Plans, Elevations, Sections and Perspective Views of the Gardens and Buildings at Kew in Surrey'' (London) 1763
* ''A dissertation on oriental gardening.'' (London) 1772

[[File:Boken Treatise on Civil Architecture av William Chambers, 1768 - Skoklosters slott - 86216.tif|thumb|''Treatise on Civil Architecture'', second edition 1768]]
[[File:A treatise on civil architecture - Skoklosters slott - 86222.tif|thumb|''A treatise on civil architecture'', second edition 1768]]

==Main works==
[[File:Doorhandlevanda.jpg|thumb|Door handle from Somerset House, about 1785, designed by Sir William Chambers V&A Museum no. 4013-1855]]
* [[Parkstead House|Roehampton Villa]] (largely extant including interior ceilings), now called Parkstead House, for [[William Ponsonby, 2nd Earl of Bessborough]]. Also designed two garden temples (one to be re-erected by 2008), similar to those at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.<ref>[http://www.parksteadhouse.co.uk/history.htm Parkstead House<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090505071715/http://www.parksteadhouse.co.uk/history.htm |date=5 May 2009 }}</ref>
* Within [[Kew Gardens]], some of his buildings are lost, those remaining being the ten-storey [[Great Pagoda, Kew Gardens|Great Pagoda]], the Orangery, the Ruined Arch, the Temple of Bellona and the Temple of Aeolus.<ref>[http://www.kew.org/heritage/people/chambers.html Kew Gardens web site] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090708081845/http://www.kew.org/heritage/people/chambers.html |date=8 July 2009 }}</ref> The Temple of the Sun survived until 1916, when it was destroyed in a storm.
*The Pagoda, in Pagoda Gardens, [[Blackheath, London]], is attributed to Chambers. A three-storey house built as a pavilion (c.&nbsp;1775) for the [[Henry Scott, 3rd Duke of Buccleuch|Duke and Duchess of Buccleuch]], it features a gabled Chinese-style roof with dramatic upturned corners. [[Caroline of Brunswick]] lived here after her separation from her husband, the [[George IV|Prince Regent]], in 1799.
*[[Somerset House]] in London, his most famous building, which absorbed most of his energies over a period of two decades (1776–1796)
*The [[Gold State Coach|gilded state coach]] that is still used at [[Coronation of the British monarch|coronation]]s.
*[[Hedsor House]], Buckinghamshire, the seat of Lord Boston, equerry to George III.<ref>[http://www.parksandgardens.ac.uk/index2.php?option=com_parksandgardens&task=site&id=1680&preview=1&Itemid= Historic Register of Parks and Gardens] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120226091255/http://www.parksandgardens.ac.uk/index2.php?option=com_parksandgardens&task=site&id=1680&preview=1&Itemid= |date=26 February 2012 }}</ref>
*For [[James Caulfeild, 1st Earl of Charlemont]], he designed [[Charlemont House]] and the [[Casino at Marino]], as well as the chapel and public theatre in [[Trinity College, Dublin]].
*He is also associated with [[Gothic Revival architecture|Gothic]] additions to [[Milton Abbey]] in [[Dorset]] and the planning of the nearby rural village of [[Milton Abbas]], sometimes considered the first planned settlement in England. This work was carried out in collaboration with [[landscape gardener]] [[Capability Brown]] in 1780 for [[Joseph Damer, 1st Earl of Dorchester]], who wanted to relocate the existing village further away from his home at the Abbey.
*[[Wick House, Richmond Hill]], commissioned in 1771 by painter [[Sir Joshua Reynolds]].
*[[Osterley Park]], remodelling work in the 1760s.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Weinreb |first=Ben |url=http://archive.org/details/londonencycloped00ias |title=The London encyclopedia |publisher=Adler & Adler |year=1986 |isbn=978-0-917561-07-8 |location=Bethesda, MD |pages=568 |language=en}}</ref>

==List of architectural work<ref>pages 196–256, Sir William Chambers Knight of the Polar Star, John Harris, 1970, A. Zwemmer Ltd</ref>==

===London work===
*[[Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew|Kew Gardens]], Kew, Surrey, various structures: House of Confucius (1749)  demolished; Frederick, Prince of Wales, Mausoleum (unexecuted); Gallery of Antiquities (1757) demolished; Orangery (1757–61); Temple of Pan (1758) demolished; Temple of Arethusa (1758) demolished; Alhambra (1758) demolished; Garden Seat (1758) demolished; Porter's Lodge (1758) demolished; Stables (1758) demolished; Temple of Victory (1759) demolished; Ruined Arch (1759); Theatre of Augusta (1760) demolished; Temple of Bellona (1760); Menagerie (1760) demolished; Exotic Garden (1760) demolished; Mosque (1761) demolished; Temple of the Sun (1761) demolished 1916 after damage in a storm; [[Great Pagoda, Kew Gardens|Great Pagoda]] (1761–62); Temple of Peace (1763) demolished; Temple of Aeolus (1763); Temple of Solitude (1763) demolished; Palladian Bridge (1763) demolished; Dairy (1773) demolished; and alterations to [[Kew Palace]] – demolished
*Leicester House, [[Leicester Square]], alterations (1757) – demolished
*[[Carlton House]], alterations, (1757–61), new porters lodge and remodelled entrance passage (c.&nbsp;1761), later virtually rebuilt (1783–6) by [[Henry Holland (architect)|Henry Holland]] – demolished
*Richmond House, Whitehall, gallery, greenhouse, gate to [[Privy Garden of the Palace of Whitehall|Privy Garden]] (1759–60) – demolished
*[[Parkstead House]] (formerly Manresa House and Bessborough House), [[Roehampton]] (1760)
*47 [[Leicester Square]], Sir [[Joshua Reynolds]]'s house, new painting room and gallery (c.&nbsp;1760-2) – demolished
*[[Pembroke House]], Whitehall, internal decoration (1760) riding house (1773) – demolished
*[[Buckingham Palace]] (then Queen's House), addition of north & south wings, west and east libraries, the Octagon Library, interior decorations and riding house (1762–68) – none of this work survives
*Grantham House, Whitehall, alterations (1760s) – demolished
*25 [[Grosvenor Square]], internal alterations (1762) – demolished
*[[Richmond Palace]], [[Richmond, London|Richmond]], various designs (1762, 1764, 1769, 1775) – none executed
*45 [[Berkeley Square]],  internal decoration (1763–7)
*13–22, 44–58 [[Berners Street]] (1764–70)
*Gower House, [[Whitehall]], Chamber's largest town house (1765–74) – demolished
*German Lutheran Chapel, [[Savoy Palace]], (1766) – demolished
*20 Grosvenor Square, internal alterations (1767) – demolished
*[[Kew Observatory]], [[Old Deer Park]], for George III (1768)
*6 [[Cheyne Walk]], [[Chelsea, London|Chelsea]] (c.&nbsp;1768)
*[[St James's Palace]], internal decorations (late 1760s)
*21 Arlington Street, [[Westminster]] (1769)
*Milton House, [[Park Lane (road)|Park Lane]], entrance gate and screen (1769–71) – demolished
*Bedford House, [[Bloomsbury]], London, alterations and internal decorations (c.&nbsp;1769 – c.&nbsp;1772) – demolished
*79 [[Piccadilly]], alterations including addition of attic storey (1770–71) – demolished
*Errington House (later Warwick House), Cleveland Row (1770–71) – demolished
*House [[Knightsbridge]] (1770–72) – demolished
*[[Wick House, Richmond Hill]] (1771–72)
*3 [[St. James's Square]], internal alterations (1771) – demolished
*[[Algernon Coote, 6th Earl of Mountrath|The Earl and Countess of Mountrath's tomb]], St John's Chapel, [[Westminster Abbey]] (1771)
*[[Albany (London)|Melbourne House]] Piccadilly, (1771–76) converted to the Albany by [[Henry Holland (architect)|Henry Holland]] (1803–4)
*[[Marlborough House]], addition of attic and internal alterations including new chimney-piece in the state drawing room (1771–74)
*14 Cecil Street, interior work (c.&nbsp;1772)
*62 [[Curzon Street]] (1773)
*15 George Street, internal alterations and Doric porch (1774)
*51 Grosvenor Street, alterations (1774–5)
*[[Somerset House]], Chambers' [[Masterpiece|magnum opus]] (1776–96), the building was unfinished at Chambers' death and continued in (1829–31) under [[Robert Smirke (architect)|Robert Smirke]] who added the east wing

===England outside London===
*[[Goodwood House]], Sussex, South wing of house & stables (1757–60)
*[[Wilton House]], [[Wiltshire]], Triumphal arch, Casina, Rock Bridge, Library, tennis court (1757–74)
*[[Duntish|Duntish Court]], [[Dorset]], new house (c.&nbsp;1760–64)
*Poston Court, [[Herefordshire]], casino (1760)
*[[Newby Park]], (now Baldersby Park), Yorkshire, alterations to the house, pheasantry and menagerie (c.&nbsp;1760)
*[[Peper Harow]] House, [[Surrey]] (1760–65)
*[[Osterley Park]], [[Middlesex]], north front and gallery (1761); the rest of the house by [[Robert Adam]]
*Beechwood, [[Hertfordshire]], dining room (1761)
*The Hyde, near [[Ingatestone]], [[Essex]], hall and staircase (1761)
*The Hoo, Hertfordshire, alterations and interior decoration, bridge, temple, gateway, stables, boathouse and gate piers (c.&nbsp;1762)
*Temple of Romulus and Remus, Coleby Hall, [[Coleby, North Kesteven]], [[Lincolnshire]] (1762)
*[[Styche Hall]], [[Shropshire]], new house and stables (1762–66)
*[[Walcot Hall]], Shropshire, remodelling (1764–7)
*Teddington Grove, Middlesex, new house, greenhouse and temple (c.&nbsp;1765)
*[[Whitton Park|Whitton Place]], Middlesex, Mausoleum, redecoration of house, Roman Bathhouse, greenhouse, Temple of Aesculapius (1765–90)
*Completion of [[John Vardy]]'s house for Andrew Drummond (Vardy had died), [[Stanmore]], Middlesex (1765–70)
*[[Houghton House]], [[Houghton Conquest]], [[Bedfordshire]], restoration and alterations (1765); now a ruin
*Kirkleatham Hall, [[Kirkleatham]], Yorkshire, now the local museum and gallery (c.&nbsp;1765)
*[[Woodstock Town Hall]], [[Woodstock, Oxfordshire]] (1766)
*[[Blenheim Palace]], [[Oxfordshire]], Internal decorations, furniture, gateway to kitchen garden, Blagdon Bridge, Temple of Diana, Temple of Flora, Flower Garden, erection of [[Gian Lorenzo Bernini|Bernini]] Obelisk (1766–1775)
*Monument to [[Wriothesley Russell, 2nd Duke of Bedford]], [[St Michael's, Chenies]], Buckinghamshire (1766)
*[[Wrest Park]], Bedfordshire, Chinese Pavilion attributed (c.&nbsp;1766)
*Ansley Hall, [[Ansley, Warwickshire]] Chinese temple (1767)<ref>{{cite book |date=1996 |last=Woods |first=May |title=Visions of Arcadia: European gardens from Renaissance to Rococo |publisher=Aurum |location=London, UK |page=180 |isbn=1854104292}}</ref>
*Barton Hall, [[Norfolk]], Library (1767)
*[[Terling Place]], Essex, work of unknown nature (1767–8)
*[[Woburn Abbey]], Bedfordshire, south wing including eating room and library; and Basin Bridge (1767–72)
*[[Cobham Hall]], [[Kent]], new rooms in south wing including the library, raising of attic (c.&nbsp;1767–70)
*[[Southill Park|Southill House]], [[Southill, Bedfordshire]], alterations (c.&nbsp;1768); the house was later rebuilt by Henry Holland
*[[Ampthill Park]], [[Ampthill]], Bedfordshire, addition of wings and redecoration of the interiors (1768–72)
*[[Milton Abbey School|Milton Abbey]], [[Dorset]], new house, porter's lodge and west front of abbey church, uniquely for Chambers all in [[Gothic Revival architecture|Gothic revival]] style
*New House, [[Woodstock, Oxfordshire]] (c.&nbsp;1769)
*[[Danson House]], Kent, internal alterations including new chimney-pieces, the Temple and 'Palladio Bridge' (late 1760s–1770)
*[[Tottenham House]], [[Wiltshire]], work of unknown nature (1770–76)
*[[Milton Hall]], [[Cambridgeshire]], alterations and interior decoration and garden temples (1770–76)
*Trinity House Chapel, [[Kingston upon Hull]], Yorkshire (1772)
*[[Amesbury Abbey (house)|Amesbury Hall]], Amesbury, Wiltshire, Chinese temple (1772) and ornamental bridge (1775)
*Theatre Royal, [[Liverpool]] (1772); demolished
*[[Milton Abbas]], estate village for Milton Abbey (1773)
*[[Newburgh Priory]], [[Coxwold]], Yorkshire, alterations (1774)
*[[Hedsor House]], [[Buckinghamshire]] (1778)

===Ireland===
*[[Abbeyleix House]], managing the construction of the house which had earlier been designed by [[James Wyatt]]
*[[Casino at Marino]], [[Marino, Dublin]] (1758–76). Garden pavilion for 1st Earl of Charlemont. Open to the public.<ref>{{cite book |last=De Breffny |first=Brian |author-link= |date=1983 |title=Ireland: A Cultural Encyclopedia |url= |location=London |publisher=Thames and Hudson |page=60 |isbn=}}</ref>
* [[Marino House]], [[Dublin]]. (1758–75) Alterations and additions to existing country house for 1st Earl of Charlemont. Demolished.
* Marino House, Dublin. Dragon gates. Relocated from original position.
*[[Castletown House]], (1760) [[County Kildare]], internal alterations of long gallery and other rooms and gate piers for Thomas Connolly
*[[Slane Castle]], [[County Meath]], work of unknown nature (1760s)
*[[Charlemont House]], [[Parnell Square|Rutland Square]], Dublin (1762–75) for 1st Earl of Charlemont. City house. Adapted for use as [[Hugh Lane Gallery]]. Porch added by others. Rear section demolished.
* Headford, [[County Meath]], (1765) Unexecuted design for country house with 13 bay garden front
* Town Hall, Main Street, [[Strabane]], [[County Tyrone]]. Design for steeple.
*[[Leinster House]], Dublin, redecoration of first floor apartments on garden front (1767)
* Hunting lodge, [[Roxborough Castle]], [[Moy, County Tyrone]]. (1768). Two unexecuted designs for Lord Charlemont.
* City Hall, Parliament Street, Dublin, (1768–1769). Unsuccessful competition entry.
*[[Rathfarnham Castle]], [[County Dublin]], refaced 16th-century castle, provided with Georgian windows, straight roof parapets with urns and Georgian interiors (1770–71) for Henry, 4th. Viscount Loftus, Later  1st. Earl of Ely.
*[[Lucan House]], [[Lucan, Dublin|Lucan]], County Dublin, (1773–75) for Agmondisham Vesey. Now Italian Embassy.
*[[Trinity College, Dublin]], East range. (1775). Not built.
*Trinity College, Dublin, College Exam Hall. (1775) In use as exam hall and theatre.<ref>De Breffny, pg. 61</ref>
*Trinity College, Dublin, Collegiate chapel (c.&nbsp;1775–1797). In use as chapel.<ref>De Breffny, pg. 61</ref>

===Scotland===
*[[Dunmore Pineapple]], [[Falkirk]], attributed (1761)
*[[Duddingston House]], [[Duddingston]], house, stables and temple (1763–68)
*26 [[St Andrew Square, Edinburgh]] (1769)
*[[Dundas House]], (now [[The Royal Bank of Scotland]]), [[St Andrew Square, Edinburgh]] (1771–74)

===Sweden===
*[[Råda säteri]], manor house in [[Härryda Municipality|Härryda]] just outside of [[Gothenburg]], (1770–72)
*[[Partille herrgård]], manor house in [[Partille Municipality|Partille]] just outside of Gothenburg, (1772–73)
*[[Svartsjö Palace]], concept for remodeling of the royal gardens, (1773–74).

==Gallery of architectural works==
<gallery>
File:RichmondpalaceunbuiltproposalWilliamChambers1765.jpg|Richmond Palace, not executed
File:Kew Orangery 5138.JPG|The Orangery, Kew Gardens
File:Ruined arch Kew 7214.JPG|The Ruined Arch, Kew Gardens
File:The Pagoda, Kew Gardens. - geograph.org.uk - 122634.jpg|The Pagoda, Kew Gardens
File:PeperHarowHouse1.jpg|Peper Harrow House, Surrey
File:Woodstock, Stocks and Town Hall. - geograph.org.uk - 138094.jpg|Wood Stock Town Hall
File:Royal Bank of Scotland Headquarters.jpg|Former Dundas House, Edinburgh
File:Casino at Marino.jpg|Casino at Marino, Dublin
File:Casino marino.JPG|Casino at Marino, Dublin
File:Pineapple Dunmore.jpg|Dunmore Pineapple, Falkirk, Scotland
File:Le Royal Mews de Londres-007.JPG|The State Coach, Royal Mews, London
File:Somerset House, Strand.jpg|Strand front, Somerset House, London
File:Somerset House Strand Block.JPG|Strand block from courtyard, Somerset House, London
File:Somerset House.jpg|Courtyard, Somerset House, London
File:Somerset House - geograph.org.uk - 104076.jpg|Thames front, Somerset House, London
File:Embankment view of Somerset House IMG 9268.JPG|Centre of Thames front, Somerset House, London
File:Courtauld Gallery, Staircase.jpg|Staircase in Strand Block, Somerset House, London
File:Coultauld Galleries 1.jpg|Room in Strand Block, Somerset House, London
File:Microcosm of London Plate 002 - Exhibition at Somerset House by Thomas Rowlandson and Augustus Pugin. 1800..jpg|The Exhibition Room, former Royal Academy, Somerset House, London
File:Courtauld Galleries 2.jpg|Former Exhibition Room (Now part of Courtauld Galleries), Somerset House, London
File:Osterley House, the West Front. - geograph.org.uk - 122656.jpg|West front, Osterley House, rest of building by Robert Adam
File:Milton Abbey 01.jpg|Milton Abbey, Dorset, Chamber's house to left of church
File:The Albany by Thomas Shepherd.jpg|Melbourne House (Later Albany), London
File:Trinity_College_Building_Dublin_Ireland.jpg|the Chapel, Trinity College, Dublin
</gallery>

==Notes==
{{Reflist}}

==References==
* {{cite book |last1=Summerson |first1=John   |title= Architecture in Britain, 1530 to 1830| year=1970|series=Pelican History of Art  |publisher=Penguin Books |location= Harmondsworth}}
* Michael Snodin (Ed.), ''Sir William Chambers'', V&A Publishing {{ISBN|1851771824}}

==Further reading==
{{Div col}}
*{{cite book |first1=Alicia |last1=Amherst |title=A History of Gardening in England |edition=3rd |year=2006 |orig-year=1910 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Fk4KTrvZ8nMC |location= Whitefish, Montana|publisher=[[Kessinger Publishing]]|isbn=9781428636804 }}
*{{cite book |first1=Sir F. Reginald |last1=Blomfield |first2=Inigo, Illustrator |last2=Thomas |title=The Formal Garden in England, 3rd ed. |year=1972 |orig-year=1901 |location=New York |publisher=Macmillan and Co |url=http://trove.nla.gov.au/work/845951?q&l-decade=190}}
*{{Cite EB1911|wstitle=Chambers, Sir William|volume=5|page=821}}
*{{cite book |first1=Derek |last1=Clifford |title=A History of Garden Design |edition=2nd |year=1967 |location=New York |publisher=Praeger}}
*{{cite book |first1=Marie-Luise Schröeter (1863–1931) |last1=Gothein |author-link1=Marie-Luise Gothein |title=History of Garden Art |volume=2 |year=1928 |orig-year=1910 |url=http://www.gardenvisit.com/history_theory/library_online_ebooks/ml_gothein_history_garden_art_design |last2=Wright |first2=Walter P. (1864–1940) |last3=Archer-Hind |first3=Laura |author4=Alden Hopkins Collection |location=London & Toronto, New York |publisher=J. M. Dent; 1928 Dutton |isbn=978-3-424-00935-4}} 945 pages Publisher: Hacker Art Books; Facsimile edition (June 1972) {{ISBN|0878170081}}; {{ISBN|978-0878170081}}.
*Gothein, Marie. ''Geschichte der Gartenkunst''. München: Diederichs, 1988 {{ISBN|978-3-424-00935-4}}.
*{{cite book |first1=Miles |last1=Hadfield |title=Gardening in Britain |year=1960 |location=Newton, Mass |publisher=C. T. Branford}}
*{{cite book |first1=Christopher |last1=Hussey |title=English Gardens and Landscapes, 1700–1750 |year=1967 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5mVRAAAAMAAJ |publisher=[[Country Life (books)|Country Life]]}}
*{{cite book |first1=Edward S. |last1=Hyams |first2=Edwin, photos |last2=Smith |title=The English Garden |year=1964 |location=New York |publisher=H.N. Abrams}}
{{div col end}}

* His predecessors ended up in a small town called Hartsville Tennessee with the youngest blood son to be born in the line to have William as their middle name.(written by Jon William Chambers son of James William Allen Chambers, grandson of Fred William Chambers)

==External links==
{{commons category|William Chambers}}
* {{Gutenberg author | id=40236}}
* {{Internet Archive author|sname=Sir William Chambers}}
* {{Librivox author |id=16292}}
* [https://archive.org/details/gri_dissertation00cham ''A Dissertation on Oriental Gardening''] (London, 1772)
* [https://clio.columbia.edu/catalog/3463482/ Sir William Chambers architectural drawings, circa 1769–1796]. [http://library.columbia.edu/locations/avery/da.html/ Held by the Department of Drawings & Archives], [http://library.columbia.edu/locations/avery.html/ Avery Architectural & Fine Arts Library, Columbia University].

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{{s-bef | before = [[Henry Flitcroft]]}}
{{s-ttl | title = [[Office of Works#Comptroller of the King's Works|Comptroller of the King's Works]] | years = 1769–1782}}
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{{s-court}}
{{s-bef | before = (new position)}}
{{s-ttl | title = [[Office of Works#Surveyor-General and Comptroller|Surveyor-General and Comptroller]] | years = 1782–1796}}
{{s-aft | after = [[James Wyatt]]}}
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{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2017}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Chambers, William}}
[[Category:1723 births]]
[[Category:1796 deaths]]
[[Category:18th-century British architects]]
[[Category:Burials at Westminster Abbey]]
[[Category:British neoclassical architects]]
[[Category:Fellows of the Royal Society]]
[[Category:Knights of the Order of the Polar Star]]
[[Category:People from Gothenburg]]
[[Category:Royal Academicians]]
[[Category:Members of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences]]
[[Category:Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew]]
[[Category:British alumni of the École des Beaux-Arts]]
[[Category:Swedish East India Company people]]
[[Category:Swedish merchants]]
[[Category:18th-century Scottish merchants]]
[[Category:Swedish emigrants]]
[[Category:Immigrants to the Kingdom of Great Britain]]
[[Category:18th-century Swedish businesspeople]]