Editing Wieringen

{{Infobox settlement
|official_name = Wieringen

<!-- Images and maps ----------->
|image_skyline          = Oosterland Wieringen.jpg
|imagesize              = 250px
|image_alt              = 
|image_caption          = Aerial photograph of [[Oosterland, North Holland|Oosterland]]
|image_flag             = Wieringen vlag.svg
|flag_size              = 120x100px
|flag_alt               =
|image_shield           = Wieringen wapen.svg
|shield_size            = 120x100px
|shield_alt             = 
|image_map              = Dutch Municipality Wieringen 2006.png
|mapsize                = 250px
|map_alt                = 
|map_caption            = 
|subdivision_type = Country
|subdivision_name = [[Netherlands]]
|subdivision_type1 = Province
|subdivision_name1 = [[North Holland]]
|subdivision_type2 = Municipality
|subdivision_name2 = [[Hollands Kroon]]
|area_footnotes = (2006)
|area_total_km2 = 212.50
|area_land_km2 = 26.77
|area_water_km2 = 185.73
|population_as_of = 1 January 2007
|population_note = Source: [[Statistics Netherlands|CBS]], [http://statline.cbs.nl/ Statline].
|settlement_type = Former municipality
|population_total = 8705
|population_density_km2 = 325
|timezone = [[Central European Time|CET]]
|utc_offset = +1
|timezone_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]]
|utc_offset_DST = +2
|coordinates    = {{coord|52.90|N|4.97|E|region:NL|display=inline,title}}
|website = [http://www.wieringen.nl www.wieringen.nl]
}}
[[File:Noord Holland 1865.png|thumb|Map of North Holland from 1865 with Wieringen still an island]]

'''Wieringen''' ({{IPA|nl|ˈʋiːrɪŋə(n)|-|Nl-Wieringen.ogg}}) is located in the province of [[North Holland]] in the [[Netherlands]]. Now a part of the municipality of [[Hollands Kroon]], it was a separate municipality before 2012. Its name first appeared in 8th and 9th century records. By 1200 it was an island, also named Wieringen, separated from the mainland during one of the severe storm floods in the late Middle Ages that changed the coastline. Through the usage of draining, dikes, and landfill from 1924 to 1932, the island was rejoined to the mainland.

In 2003 the provincial and local governments announced a project to restore Wieringen as an island by creating a recreational lake to be called the [[Wieringerrandmeer]]. The project was cancelled in 2010 for financial reasons.

==Population centres==
The former municipality of Wieringen consisted of the following villages and hamlets: [[Dam, Netherlands|Dam]], [[De Elft]], [[De Haukes]], [[De Hoelm]], [[Den Oever]], [[Hippolytushoef]], [[Hollebalg]], [[Noordburen]], [[Oosterklief]], [[Oosterland, North Holland|Oosterland]], [[Smerp]], [[Stroe, North Holland|Stroe]], [[Vatrop]], [[Westerklief]] and [[Westerland, Netherlands|Westerland]].

== History ==
The landscape of Wieringen is not all flat: it is characterised by [[boulder clay]] mounds, formed during the Saale [[Ice age|Ice Age]]. The name Wieringen probably comes from [[Old Frisian]] ''wîr'' meaning "height". It was previously suggested incorrectly that the name came from "wier" ([[seaweed]] in Dutch).

=== Early references ===
The first known written references to Wieringen are "Wiron" or "pagus Wirense" in [[Latin]] [http://www.pagowirense.nl/english/wr-his2c.htm lists of property] owned by the [[monastery]] at [[Fulda]], dated late 8th century or early 9th century AD. In this list, the [[Marsdiep]] (the channel between Wieringen and [[Texel]] and the mainland) is referred to as "fluvium Maresdeop" (''fluvium'' is [[Latin]] for "river" and Maresdeop is old Dutch for "morass deep"), and Wieringen and Texel may have met as opposite banks of this deep river. It appears that at that time Texel and Wieringen islands were much larger and spread across what is now the western end of the [[Waddenzee]] and perhaps also other areas which are now sea or in [[polder]]s.<ref name=pago>{{Cite web |date=30 March 2000|title= The history of Wieringen, the Middle ages |url=http://www.pagowirense.nl/english/wr-his2c.htm |access-date=7 June 2024|website=pagowirense.nl}}</ref>

A possessions list of the St. Martin's church in [[Utrecht (city)|Utrecht]], dated 948, lists a church domain with 12 farms at ''Alvitlo'' (now [[:nl:De Elft|De Elft]]), and 72 [probably mostly small] farms at ''Strude'' (now [[Stroe (North Holland)|Stroe]]). Both these places are in Wieringen. The land in these lists comprises an area larger than the modern (up to 1924) island of Wieringen.<ref name=pago/>

=== Later history ===
[[Viking]] attacks and occupation of Frisian territory took place in the 9th century. This was confirmed in 1996 when a [[hoard]] containing 1.7 kilograms of silver coins, ingots and jewelry was found in a pasture at the hamlet of Westerklief. It was dated to the 9th century and is attributed to Vikings. It is now in the [[Rijksmuseum van Oudheden]] in Leiden. Smaller hoards from the same period were later found in the same area.<ref>[http://www.museumkennis.nl/lp.rmo/museumkennis/i000412.html Vikingschat van Wieringen] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718064223/http://www.museumkennis.nl/lp.rmo/museumkennis/i000412.html |date=18 July 2011}}</ref>

The [[All Saints' Flood (1170)]] created the islands of Wieringen and Texel from [[North Holland]].<ref name="ley196110">{{Cite magazine
 |last=Ley
 |first=Willy
 |author=
 |last2=
 |first2=
 |date=October 1961
 |title=The Home-Made Land
 |department=For Your Information
 |url=https://archive.org/details/Galaxy_v20n01_1961-10/page/n91/mode/1up
 |magazine=Galaxy Science Fiction
 |pages=92–106
 |type=
}}</ref> The area was inhabited and controlled by [[Frisians]], until the Dutch count [[Floris III]] made the Wieringers subject in 1184. After this the area became unsettled, with [[Floris V]] imposing his rule in 1284, and in 1299 it was included in the district of Westfriesland within the [[County of Holland]]. 

In 1432 all the island of Wieringen was officially designated as one township and received [[City rights in the Netherlands|city rights]]. But as more of Holland and Westfriesland became habitable and were developed, the importance of Wieringen decreased.

[[File:Map of the island Wieringen the Netherlands 1849.jpg|thumb|An 1849 map of the island of Wieringen]]
[[File:Wieringen 1909 300dpi.jpg|thumb|A 1909 map of the island of Wieringen]]

In 1798 when the [[Batavian Republic]] formed, the province of [[Holland]] and [[West Friesland (historical region)|West Friesland]] was divided, and Wieringen fell under the [[département]] of Texel (from the [[Vlie]] to the [[Rhine]]). In 1807 under [[Napoleon]], the province was subdivided into two separate provinces; Amstelland and Maasland, but this organization ended in 1814. In 1815 Wieringen became a part of the province of Holland, and the new province of [[North Holland]] in 1840, where it remains.

In November 1918 the German crown prince [[William, German Crown Prince|Wilhelm]] received political asylum in the Netherlands. He lived in Wieringen from November 1918, returning to Germany in November 1923.

On 31 July 1924 the Amsteldiep was closed by a short dam called the Amsteldiepdijk. In 1930 the Eastern Wieringermeerdijk was completed in the Zuiderzee, and with it the adjacent polder the [[Wieringermeer]]. The closing of the Zuiderzee was completed in 1932 by the [[Afsluitdijk]], a large dike that connects Wieringen with Friesland, making it part of the mainland again. This dike starts at [[Den Oever]].

== Local government ==
The former municipal council of Wieringen consisted of 13 seats, which at the final [[2010 Dutch municipal elections|election in 2010]] divided as follows:<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 March 2010|title=Wieringen municipal election 2010 |url=https://www.verkiezingsuitslagen.nl/verkiezingen/detail/GR20100303/633576 |access-date=5 June 2024 |website=verkiezingsuitslagen.nl|language=nl}}</ref> 
* [[People's Party for Freedom and Democracy|VVD]] – 5 seats
* Wieringen 05 – 4 seats
* [[Labour Party (Netherlands)|PvdA]] – 3 seats
* [[Christian Democratic Appeal|CDA]] – 1 seat
Elections were held in November 2011 for a council for the newly merged municipality of Hollands Kroon that included Wieringen, which commenced work in January 2012.<ref>{{Cite web |date=23 November 2011 |title=Hollands Kroon municipal election 2011 |url=https://www.verkiezingsuitslagen.nl/verkiezingen/detail/GR20111123 |access-date=3 June 2024|website=verkiezingsuitslagen.nl|language=nl}}</ref>

== References ==
<references />
* Statistics are taken from the [http://www.sdu.nl/staatscourant/gemeentes/gem532nh.htm SDU Staatscourant]

==External links==
{{commons category-inline|Wieringen}}

{{Frisian Islands}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:West Frisian Islands]]
[[Category:Former islands of the Netherlands]]
[[Category:Islands of North Holland]]
[[Category:Municipalities of the Netherlands disestablished in 2012]]
[[Category:Former municipalities of North Holland]]
[[Category:Hollands Kroon]]