Editing White Stone, Virginia

{{Use mdy dates|date=May 2024}}
{{Infobox settlement
| official_name            = White Stone, Virginia
| settlement_type          = [[Town]]
| nickname                 = 
| motto                    = 
<!-- Images -->
| image_skyline            = CentralWhiteStone.jpg
| imagesize                = 250px
| image_caption            = Central White Stone
| image_flag               = 
| image_seal               = 
<!-- Maps -->
| image_map                = VAMap-doton-WhiteStone.PNG
| mapsize                  = 250px
| map_caption              = Location of White Stone, Virginia
| image_map1               = 
| mapsize1                 = 
| map_caption1             = 
<!-- Location -->
| subdivision_type         = Country
| subdivision_name         = United States
| subdivision_type1        = [[U.S. state|State]]
| subdivision_name1        = [[Virginia]]
| subdivision_type2        = [[List of counties in Virginia|County]]
| subdivision_name2        = [[Lancaster County, Virginia|Lancaster]]

<!-- Government -->
| government_footnotes     = 
| government_type          = 
| leader_title             = 
| leader_name              = 
| leader_title1            = 
| leader_name1             = 
| established_title        = 
| established_date         = 
<!-- Area -->
| unit_pref                = Imperial
| area_footnotes           = <ref name="CenPopGazetteer2019">{{cite web|title=2019 U.S. Gazetteer Files|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2019_Gazetteer/2019_gaz_place_51.txt|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=August 7, 2020}}</ref>
| area_magnitude           = 
| area_total_sq_mi         = 0.98
| area_land_sq_mi          = 0.98
| area_water_sq_mi         = 0.00

<!-- Population -->
| population_as_of         = [[2020 United States Census|2020]]
| population_footnotes     = 
| population_total         = 380
| population_density_sq_mi = auto
| timezone                 = [[Eastern Time Zone|Eastern (EST)]]
| utc_offset               = &minus;5
| timezone_DST             = EDT
| utc_offset_DST           = &minus;4
| elevation_footnotes      = 
| elevation_ft             = 49
| coordinates              = {{coord|37|38|43|N|76|23|28|W|region:US-VA_type:city|display=inline,title}}
| postal_code_type         = [[ZIP code]]
| postal_code              = 22578
| area_code                = [[Area code 804|804]]
| blank_name               = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]]
| blank_info               = 51-85600<ref name="GR2">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=January 31, 2008|title=U.S. Census website}}</ref>
| blank1_name              = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID
| blank1_info              = 1476645<ref name="GR3">{{cite web|url=http://geonames.usgs.gov|access-date=January 31, 2008|title=US Board on Geographic Names|publisher=[[United States Geological Survey]]|date=October 25, 2007}}</ref>
| website                  = 
| footnotes                = 
| area_total_km2           = 2.54
| area_land_km2            = 2.53
| area_water_km2           = 0.01
| population_density_km2   = auto
}}

'''White Stone''' is a town in [[Lancaster County, Virginia|Lancaster County]], [[Virginia]], United States. The population was 380 at the [[2020 United States census|2020 census]]. White Stone is one of many small towns located in Virginia's [[Northern Neck]] region.<ref name="virginia.org">{{Cite web |title=White Stone - VIrginia is for Lovers |url=https://www.virginia.org/places-to-visit/regions/chesapeake-bay/white-stone/ |access-date=March 8, 2023 |website=www.virginia.org |language=en-us}}</ref>

==History==
White Stone traces its earliest colonial history to the arrival of Epaphroditus Lawson, who was born in [[Yorkshire]], a county in northern [[England]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Epaphroditus Lawson b. 1607 Brough Hall, Catterick, Yorkshire, England d. 2 Jun 1652 Lancaster County, Virginia - Inventory: Early Colonial Settlers of Southern Maryland and Virginia's Northern Neck Counties |url=https://www.colonial-settlers-md-va.us/getperson.php?personID=I25908&tree=Tree1 |access-date=March 8, 2023 |website=www.colonial-settlers-md-va.us}}</ref> In 1649–50, Epaphroditus acquired 4,600 acres of land along the Rappahannock River, including the present site of White Stone, where he lived until his death in 1652.<ref name="Sabo">{{Cite web |last=Sabo |first=Matt |date=October 15, 2018 |title=The Comeback of White Stone |url=https://www.localscoopmagazine.com/api/content/e833a860-d093-11e8-b123-120e7ad5cf50/ |access-date=March 8, 2023 |website=The Local Scoop |language=en-us}}</ref> For many generations thereafter, the Lawson family "served the community as justices, sheriffs, and [[Vestryman|vestrymen]]."<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lawsons of White Stone and Lawson Bay Farm 1650 to the Present Day (Robison) |url=https://maryball-101870.square.site/product/lawsons-of-white-stone-and-lawson-bay-farm-1650-to-the-present-day-robison-/183 |access-date=March 8, 2023 |website=Lancaster VA Historical Society-Mary Ball Washington Museum Library |language=en}}</ref>

The town of White Stone was founded in 1715, and sits adjacent to the nearby towns of [[Lancaster, Virginia|Lancaster]] and [[Kilmarnock, Virginia|Kilmarnock]].<ref name="virginia.org"/> However, White Stone was not incorporated until 1953.<ref name="virginia.org"/> There are a variety of theories about how White Stone got its distinctive name: one story has the name derived from a nearby stream, where locals would use a white stone to hone their tools. Another story has the town's name deriving from an 1819 church deed, which identified a property boundary as being "near the road leading by the white stone."<ref name="Sabo"/>

The area was involved in the [[War of 1812]] and the [[American Civil War|Civil War]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=051-0075 Pop Castle |url=https://www.dhr.virginia.gov/historic-registers/051-0075/ |access-date=March 19, 2023 |website=www.dhr.virginia.gov |language=en-US}}</ref> During the latter conflict, the historic plantation home of [[Pop Castle]] was bombarded by a Union gunboat. Pop Castle would later be listed on the [[National Register of Historic Places]] in 1989.<ref name="nris">{{NRISref|version=2010a}}</ref>

Following the Civil War, White Stone had developed a small, thriving business community, including a general store, choral hall, and a hat-maker.<ref name="localscoopmagazine.com">{{Cite web |last=Sabo |first=Matt |date=October 15, 2018 |title=The Comeback of White Stone |url=https://www.localscoopmagazine.com/api/content/e833a860-d093-11e8-b123-120e7ad5cf50/ |access-date=March 19, 2023 |website=The Local Scoop |language=en-us}}</ref> By 1921, Albert Terry Wright served as principal for the county's first school for black American students.<ref>{{Cite web |title=A. T. Wright High School Historical Marker |url=https://www.hmdb.org/m.asp?m=24640 |access-date=March 19, 2023 |website=www.hmdb.org |language=en}}</ref>

Ultimately, the city of White Stone's "heyday" was during the late 19th and early 20th century, with the population having stagnated since the American [[1960 United States census|Census of 1960]], the first taken after the town's incorporation.<ref name="localscoopmagazine.com"/> Today, White Stone remains a small, rural town, with a focus on tourism: the area is home to a local seafood market, the Allure Art Center, and other attractions.<ref>{{Cite web |title=White Stone - VIrginia is for Lovers |url=https://www.virginia.org/places-to-visit/regions/chesapeake-bay/white-stone/ |access-date=March 19, 2023 |website=www.virginia.org |language=en-us}}</ref> Additionally, the town has recently received state and federal grants to develop a sewer system and to revitalize its business district.<ref>{{Cite web |title=White Stone Revitalization |url=https://www.northernneck.us/white-stone-revitalization/ |access-date=March 19, 2023 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=April 27, 2016 |title=Looking Forward in White Stone |url=https://www.rd.usda.gov/newsroom/success-stories/looking-forward-white-stone |access-date=March 19, 2023 |website=Rural Development |language=en}}</ref>

==Geography==
White Stone is located at {{coord|37|38|43|N|76|23|28|W|type:city}} (37.645182, &minus;76.391242).<ref name="GR1">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/geographies/reference-files/time-series/geo/gazetteer-files.html|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=April 23, 2011|date=February 12, 2011|title=US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990}}</ref>

According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the town has a total area of {{convert|1.0|mi2|km2}}, all of it land.

{{US Census population
| 1960 = 395
| 1970 = 381
| 1980 = 409
| 1990 = 372
| 2000 = 358
| 2010 = 352
| 2020 = 380
| footnote = U.S. Decennial Census<ref name="DecennialCensus">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html|title=Census of Population and Housing|publisher=Census.gov|access-date=June 4, 2015}}</ref>
}}

== Demographics ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+'''Racial composition as of 2020''' (''NH = Non-Hispanic'')
!Race / Ethnicity
!Pop 2020
!% 2020
|-
|[[Non-Hispanic or Latino whites|White]] alone (NH)
|282
|74.21%
|-
|[[Non-Hispanic or Latino African Americans|Black or African American]] alone (NH)
|66
|17.37%
|-
|[[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]] or [[Alaska Native]] alone (NH)
|1
|0.26%
|-
|[[Asian Americans|Asian]] alone (NH)
|5
|1.32%
|-
|[[Pacific Islander Americans|Pacific Islander]] alone (NH)
|0
|0.00%
|-
|[[Race and ethnicity in the United States census|Some Other Race]] alone (NH)
|0
|0.00%
|-
|[[Multiracial Americans|Mixed Race/Multi-Racial]] (NH)
|13
|3.42%
|-
|[[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic or Latino]] (any race)
|13
|3.42%
|-
|'''Total'''
|'''380'''
|'''100.00%'''
|}
''Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos can be of any race.''

As of the [[census]]<ref name="GR2" /> of 2000, there were 358 people, 163 households, and 101 families living in the town. The [[population density]] was {{convert|362.1|/mi2|/km2|disp=preunit|people&nbsp;|people|}}. There were 187 housing units at an average density of {{convert|189.2|/mi2|/km2|disp=preunit|units&nbsp;|units|}}. The racial makeup of the town was 86.31% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 10.34% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 2.23% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 0.28% from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], and 0.84% from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 0.84% of the population.

There were 163 households, out of which 27.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 52.1% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 8.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 38.0% were non-families. 32.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 22.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.20 and the average family size was 2.73.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 19.8% under the age of 18, 7.0% from 18 to 24, 25.4% from 25 to 44, 26.0% from 45 to 64, and 21.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females, there were 88.4 males. For every 100 females aged 18 and over, there were 82.8 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $28,125, and the median income for a family was $31,875. Males had a median income of $31,500 versus $22,000 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the town was $17,835. About 6.7% of families and 13.9% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 24.7% of those under age 18 and 20.3% of those age 65 or over.

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.rrecord.com Rappahannock Record - Area Newspaper]

{{Lancaster County, Virginia}}
{{Virginia towns}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Towns in Lancaster County, Virginia]]
[[Category:Towns in Virginia]]