Editing Wervik

{{Short description|Municipality in Flemish Community, Belgium}}
{{Infobox Belgium municipality
|name             = Wervik
|type             = city
|picture          = Wervicq-Sud la Lys River (Fr) (3).jpg
|picture-legend   = 
|map              = Wervik West-Flanders Belgium Map.svg
|map-legend       = Location of Wervik in West Flanders
|arms             = Stad Wervik wapen.svg
|flag             = Flag of Wervik.svg
|region           = {{BE-REG-FLE}}
|community        = {{BE-NL}}
|province         = {{BE-PROV-WV}}
|arrondissement   = [[Arrondissement of Ypres|Ypres]]
|nis              = 33029
|pyramid-date=
|0-19=
|20-64=
|65=
|foreigners=
|foreigners-date  =
|mayor            = Youro Casier ([[Vooruit (political party)|sp.a]])
|majority         = [[Vooruit (political party)|sp.a]], [[Open Flemish Liberals and Democrats|OpenVLD]]-[[Groen (political party)|Groen]]-PP
|postal-codes     = 8940
|telephone-area   = 056
|web              = {{website|http://www.wervik.be}}
|coordinates      = {{coord|50|47|N|03|02|E|region:BE|display=inline,title}}
}}
'''Wervik''' ({{IPA|nl|ˈʋɛrvɪk|lang}}; {{langx|fr|Wervicq}} {{IPA|fr|wɛʁvik|}}; {{langx|vls|Wervik}} {{IPA|vls|ˈβærvɛk|}}; {{langx|la|Viroviacum}}) is a [[City status in Belgium|city]] and [[Municipalities of Belgium|municipality]] located in the [[Belgium|Belgian]] province of [[West Flanders]]. The municipality comprises the city of Wervik and the town of [[Geluwe]]. On January 1, 2014, Wervik had a total population of 18,435. The total area is 43.61&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup> (16¾ sq. mi.) which gives a [[population density]] of 423 inhabitants per km<sup>2</sup> (1095 per sq. mi.). The area is famous for its excellent tobacco and has a tobacco museum. The town is separated from its [[France|French]] counterpart [[Wervicq-Sud]] by the river [[Lys (river)|Lys]].

==History==
Wervik is one of the oldest towns in Belgium.{{citation needed|date=September 2017}}

===Prehistory===

Stone Age artefacts, flint axes and spearheads, were found in the district of ''Bas-Flanders'' and the site ''Oosthove''. The archeological excavations at ''de Pioneer'' in 2009 yielded traces of inhabitation from the Iron Age to the Roman Period.

===Roman period===

Wervik was probably a settlement of the Menapians led by the chief Virovos, at a small height along the banks of the Lys (current Island Balokken). This is still unproven. At the time of the conquest of Gaul by Caesar, a Roman stopping place was built next to the Celtic village. The Roman settlement was registered on Roman road maps from the 3rd to 4th century under the name ''Viroviacum'' (Itinerarium Antonini) or ''Virovino'' ([[Tabula Peutingeriana|map of Peutinger]]). Viroviacum was located on the Roman road between [[Cassel, Nord|Cassel]] and [[Bavay]]. Remains from that period are still being found regularly in Wervik. Excavations at Saint Martin's Square in the centre exposed the foundations of the old Saint Martin's church, which was partly built with Roman waste materials. According to some historians this was formerly a temple dedicated to [[Mars (mythology)|Mars]] or [[Priapus]]. This is still unproven.

===Middle Ages===

In the 13th century the population of Belgium rose sharply, thanks to the great heyday of the textile trade which penetrated international markets up to the Far East. In 1327 the city was taken by [[Philip of Valois, Duke of Orléans|Philip of Valois]] and partially destroyed.

During the Ghent uprising of 1382, Wervik was an outpost of the army of [[Philip van Artevelde]] during the [[Battle of Roosebeke|Battle of Westrozebeke]]. The rebellion failed, and the city was plundered by the [[Bretons]] and reduced to ashes. The Saint Medardus church had to be rebuilt completely. Wervik had not yet fully recovered when a major fire in 1400 destroyed the whole town again. Of the 820 dwellings there only 20 remained. [[John the Fearless|Jan Zonder Vrees]] gave Wervik a market hall in 1401, as an incentive for recovery and revival. In 1436 part of the garrison of Calais invaded Wervik and again burnt the town to ashes, in 1440 the town was burnt again. The many successive fires were mainly because most houses were built of wood and straw, and that the town had no protection against attacks as it was never walled. After the succession of fires the town was attacked by the plague. In the years 1436 and 1468 the population was decimated by the epidemic.

===Habsburg Netherlands===
[[File:Wervik, Belgium, 1559-1564 Deventer.jpg|unified Wervik on Deveter map|thumb|left]]
In the middle of the 16th century finally a quieter period began for Wervik. Prosperity had vanished and the population had dropped to about 3000 inhabitants. During the religious quarrels, the Saint Medardus church was badly damaged and today still bears the traces of the iconoclastic. The [[Geuzen]] burnt the church in 1579.

In the 17th century the entire region was affected by the ongoing annexation attempts of the French king [[Louis XIV]]. Wervik was taken by the French in 1668 and was later annexed to the [[Spanish Empire|Spanish crown]] in 1678. After the [[Treaties of Nijmegen|Peace of Nijmegen treaty]] in that year, Wervik became French territory again. The continuous impoverishment of the town left it with only 3172 inhabitants.

In 1713 the town was divided in half by the [[Treaty of Utrecht]]. The river [[Leie|Lys]] was the state border and separated the town into [[France|French]] [[Wervicq-Sud]] and [[Austria]]n Wervik. But for the population the town remained whole, and the Saint Medardus church remained the parish church for both town parts.

===First French Republic===

After the [[French Revolution]] and the [[Low Countries theatre of the War of the First Coalition|French invasion of 1794]], the Saint Medardus church was again turned into ashes. During the [[War of the First Coalition]] the [[Battle of Menin (1793)|battle of Wervik and Menin]] partly took place here between the [[Dutch Republic|Dutch]] and [[French First Republic|French revolutionary]] armies, during which the young [[Prince Frederick of Orange-Nassau]] was wounded. Wervik became part of the French département of Lys, and entered a period of terror, coercion and persecution.

===Kingdom of Belgium===

After the [[Congress of Vienna]] in 1815, the town became part of the [[United Kingdom of the Netherlands]] until the [[Belgian Revolution]] in 1830. After the Belgian Revolution locals of the towns [[Wervicq-Sud]], [[Bousbecque]], [[Comines, Nord|Comines]] and [[Warneton]] protested and demanded a reunification with their [[Belgium|Belgian]] counterparts on the other side of the Lys. This small uprising was put down after a few days by French [[Gendarmerie Nationale (France)|Gendarmes]].

[[File:Bundesarchiv Bild 146-1987-032-15, Belgien, Flandern, Soldaten auf dem Marsch.jpg|thumb|right|Germans coming from Wervik marching to the front]]
During [[World War I]] [[German Army (German Empire)|German troops]] entered the town on October 5, 1914. A [[customs]] officer had noticed German [[Uhlan]]s in Zuid-Wervik on October 4, and turned the swing bridge between Wervik and Zuid-Wervik open so that no one could cross it, throwing the key in the Lys. The next day more Germans had arrived and fished out the key. After a short fight with the [[Gendarmerie]] (both French and Belgian), the town was conquered by the Germans. Because Wervik was the first major town under German control just outside the [[Western Front (World War I)|Western Front]], it got a military government and German soldiers were billeted there, and wounded soldiers cared for (including at one time the young [[Adolf Hitler]]). Wervik's population was forced to work in German operated factories serving the trench warfare. In 1917 the population had to evacuate the town because British guns were aimed at Wervik and ruined the town.

Wervik was largely rebuilt after the war. The Bruges architect [[Huib Hoste]] carried out several projects, including several rows of houses, commercial buildings and the town sewers.

During the [[Second World War]] Wervik was again occupied by German troops, until the inhabitants were freed in 1944 by Canadian soldiers.

==Sights==
[[File:00 Wervik - Sint-Medarduskerk 1.JPG|thumbnail|right|upright|Saint Medardus church]]
*The Saint-Medardus church is a massive gothic church.
*National tobacco museum - the region of Wervik is known for its tobacco farms.

==Notable people ==
*[[Yves Leterme]], Prime Minister of Belgium
*[[Wim Delvoye]], artist
*[[Ronny Coutteure]], actor
*[[Joseph Demuysere]], cyclist, winner of [[Milan–San Remo]]
*[[Sam Bennett (cyclist)|Sam Bennett]], cyclist, Irish National Champion 2019
*[[Gaston Durnez]], journalist and writer

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
*[http://www.wervik.be Official website (in Dutch)]

{{Geographic location
|Centre = Wervik
|North     = [[Moorslede]]
|East      = [[Wevelgem]]<br>[[Menen]]
|Southeast = [[Halluin]] ([[France|FR]]-[[Nord (French department)|59]])
|South     = [[Wervicq-Sud]] ([[France|FR]]-[[Nord (French department)|59]]), [[Bousbecque]] ([[France|FR]]-[[Nord (French department)|59]])
|Southwest = [[Comines, Nord|Comines]] ([[France|FR]]-[[Nord (French department)|59]])
|West      = [[Comines-Warneton]] ([[Hainaut (province)|WHT]])
|Northwest = [[Zonnebeke]]
}}
{{Municipalities in West Flanders}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Municipalities of West Flanders]]
[[Category:Belgium–France border crossings]]
[[Category:Divided cities]]