Editing Wells County, Indiana

{{short description|County in Indiana, United States}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=April 2024}}
{{Infobox U.S. county
 | county               = Wells County
 | state                = Indiana
 | seal                 = 
 | founded              = 1837
 | seat wl              = Bluffton
 | largest city         = Bluffton
 | area_total_sq_mi     = 370.25
 | area_land_sq_mi      = 368.09
 | area_water_sq_mi     = 2.16
 | area percentage      = 0.58%
 | census yr            = 2020
 | pop                  = 28180
 | pop_est_as_of        = 2023
 | population_est       = 28555 {{increase}}
 | density_sq_mi        = auto
 | time zone            = Eastern
 | footnotes            = Indiana county number 90
 | web                  = www.wellscounty.org
 | named for            = [[William Wells (soldier)|William A. Wells]]
 | district             = 3rd
 | ex image             = Wells County Courthouse P4020318.jpg
 | ex image cap         = [[Wells County Courthouse (Indiana)|Wells County Courthouse]] in Bluffton }}

'''Wells County''' is a [[County (United States)|county]] in the [[U.S. state]] of [[Indiana]]. As of the [[2020 United States census]], the population was 28,180.<ref name=new-census/> Its [[county seat|seat of government]] is [[Bluffton, Indiana|Bluffton]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx|access-date=June 7, 2011|title=Find a County|publisher=National Association of Counties}}</ref> Wells County is included in the [[Fort Wayne Metropolitan Statistical Area]] and the [[Fort Wayne metropolitan area, Indiana|
Fort Wayne—Huntington—Auburn Combined Statistical Area]].

==History==
The [[Indiana Territory|Territory of Indiana]] was established in 1800 as legitimized by the [[Northwest Ordinance]] of 1787. The governing structure established through this act began creating counties in the territory as it became increasingly populated. In December 1816, the [[Indiana|State of Indiana]] was admitted to the Union. Wells was named after famous frontiersmen [[William Wells (soldier)|William A. Wells]] who played a central role in the [[Northwest Indian War]]s and the activity surrounding [[Fort Miami (Indiana)|Fort Miami]] and [[Kekionga]].<ref>Captain William A. Wells was captured by [[Native Americans in the United States|Native Americans]] as a young boy and adopted by the [[Miami tribe|Miami]] chief [[Michikinikwa|Little Turtle]]. He eventually became a scout for Gen. [[Anthony Wayne|"Mad Anthony" Wayne]]. Capt. Wells was killed by [[Potawatomi]] allied with the British at the [[Battle of Fort Dearborn]] at the outbreak of the [[War of 1812]].</ref> It was initially assigned to [[Allen County, Indiana|Allen County]] for legislative and administrative affairs.{{Citation needed|date=April 2023}}

In the winter of 1835, Col. John Vowter of [[Jennings County, Indiana|Jennings County]], Chairman of the Committee on New Counties, introduced a bill proposing that the assembly "lay out all the unorganized territory to which the Indian title had been extinguished in the state into a suitable number of counties". This bill would be approved later that year on February 7, effectively creating thirteen [[Northern Indiana]] counties, one of which was Wells.{{sfn|Tyndall|Lesh|1918a|pp=284&ndash;286}}

On February 2, 1837, an act was passed by the state, authorizing Wells County to be organized independent of Allen County, and specifying May 1 for the date of the first meeting. However, that meeting did not take place, and so an act dated January 20, 1838, authorized the meeting of appointed commissioners to decide on a county seat. That vote was completed on March 5, 1838, selecting [[Bluffton, Indiana|Bluffton]].{{sfn|Tyndall|Lesh|1918a|pp=304&ndash;306}}

==Geography==
The low rolling hills of Wells County have been deforested and are now completely devoted to agriculture and urban development. The [[Wabash River]] flows to the northwest, draining the central and upper part of the county, while the lower part is drained by the [[Salamonie River]], also flowing to the northwest.<ref>[https://www.google.com/maps/place/Wells+County,+IN/@40.6154232,-85.3529912,7459m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m5!3m4!1s0x8815968ddd0f3b01:0x8dfac4df7015d74a!8m2!3d40.7778348!4d-85.1894045 ''Wells County IN'' (Google Maps, accessed 6 August 2020)]</ref> The highest point on the terrain ({{convert|935|ft|m|abbr=off|disp=x|/|sp=us}} ASL) is an isolated rise on the county's south borderline with Jay County, one-half mile (0.8&nbsp;km) east of the NE corner of Blackford County.<ref>[https://www.peakbagger.com/peak.aspx?pid=23020 ''Wells County High Point, Indiana'' (PeakBagger.com, accessed 6 August 2020)]</ref>

According to the 2010 census, the county has a total area of {{convert|370.25|sqmi}}, of which {{convert|368.09|sqmi}} (or 99.42%) is land and {{convert|2.16|sqmi}} (or 0.58%) is water.<ref name=DC/>

===Adjacent counties===
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
* [[Allen County, Indiana|Allen County]] - north
* [[Adams County, Indiana|Adams County]] - east
* [[Jay County, Indiana|Jay County]] - southeast
* [[Blackford County, Indiana|Blackford County]] - south
* [[Grant County, Indiana|Grant County]] - west
* [[Huntington County, Indiana|Huntington County]] - northwest
{{div col end}}

===City and towns===
{{div col|colwidth=25em}}
* [[Bluffton, Indiana|Bluffton]] (city/county seat)
* [[Markle, Indiana|Markle]] (town; partly in [[Huntington County, Indiana|Huntington County]])
* [[Ossian, Indiana|Ossian]] (town)
* [[Poneto, Indiana|Poneto]] (town - named Worthington from 1871 to 1881)
* [[Uniondale, Indiana|Uniondale]] (town)
* [[Vera Cruz, Indiana|Vera Cruz]] (town)
* [[Zanesville, Indiana|Zanesville]] (town; partly in [[Allen County, Indiana|Allen County]])
{{div col end}}

===Unincorporated communities===
{{div col|colwidth=16em}}
* [[Craigville, Indiana|Craigville]]
* [[Curryville, Indiana|Curryville]]
* [[Dillman, Indiana|Dillman]]
* [[Domestic, Indiana|Domestic]]
* [[Five Points, Wells County, Indiana|Five Points]]
* [[Greenville, Wells County, Indiana|Greenville]]
* [[Greenwood, Wells County, Indiana|Greenwood]]
* [[Jeff, Indiana|Jeff]]
* [[Keystone, Indiana|Keystone]]
* [[Kingsland, Indiana|Kingsland]]
* [[Liberty Center, Indiana|Liberty Center]]
* [[McNatts, Indiana|McNatts]]
* [[Mount Zion, Indiana|Mount Zion]]
* [[Murray, Indiana|Murray]]
* [[North Oaks, Indiana|North Oaks]]
* [[Nottingham, Indiana|Nottingham]]
* [[Petroleum, Indiana|Petroleum]]
* [[Phenix, Indiana|Phenix]]
* [[Reiffsburg, Indiana|Reiffsburg]]
* [[Riverside, Wells County, Indiana|Riverside]]
* [[Rockford, Wells County, Indiana|Rockford]]
* [[Tocsin, Indiana|Tocsin]]
* Toll Gate Heights
* [[Travisville, Indiana|Travisville]]
* [[Wellsburg, Indiana|Wellsburg]]
{{div col end}}

===Townships===
{{div col|colwidth=18em}}
* [[Chester Township, Wells County, Indiana|Chester]]
* [[Harrison Township, Wells County, Indiana|Harrison]]
* [[Jackson Township, Wells County, Indiana|Jackson]]
* [[Jefferson Township, Wells County, Indiana|Jefferson]]
* [[Lancaster Township, Wells County, Indiana|Lancaster]]
* [[Liberty Township, Wells County, Indiana|Liberty]]
* [[Nottingham Township, Wells County, Indiana|Nottingham]]
* [[Rockcreek Township, Wells County, Indiana|Rockcreek]]
* [[Union Township, Wells County, Indiana|Union]]
{{div col end}}

===Major highways===
{{div col|colwidth=25em}}
* [[File:I-69.svg|20px]] [[Interstate 69 in Indiana|Interstate 69]]
* [[File:US 224.svg|20px]] [[U.S. Route 224 (Indiana)|U.S. Route 224]]
* [[File:indiana 1.svg|20px]] [[Indiana State Road 1|State Road 1]]
* [[File:indiana 3.svg|20px]] [[Indiana State Road 3|State Road 3]]
* [[File:indiana 116.svg|20px]] [[Indiana State Road 116|State Road 116]]
* [[File:indiana 124.svg|20px]] [[Indiana State Road 124|State Road 124]]
* [[File:indiana 201.svg|20px]] [[Indiana State Road 201|State Road 201]]
* [[File:indiana 218.svg|20px]] [[Indiana State Road 218|State Road 218]]
* [[File:indiana 301.svg|20px]] [[Indiana State Road 301|State Road 301]]
{{div col end}}

==Climate and weather==
{{climate chart
|[[Bluffton, Indiana]]
|16|30|2.00
|19|34|1.83
|29|46|2.58
|40|58|3.21
|51|70|4.11
|61|80|3.92
|64|84|3.90
|62|81|3.70
|55|75|3.07
|42|63|2.53
|33|48|3.04
|23|35|2.65
|float=right
|units=imperial
|clear=both
|source=The Weather Channel<ref name=WX>{{cite web|url=http://www.weather.com/weather/wxclimatology/monthly/graph/USIN0047|title=Monthly Averages for Bluffton IN|access-date=January 27, 2011|publisher=The Weather Channel}}</ref>}}
In recent years, average temperatures in Bluffton have ranged from a low of {{convert|16|°F}} in January to a high of {{convert|84|°F}} in July, although a record low of {{convert|-24|°F}} was recorded in January 1985 and a record high of {{convert|104|°F}} was recorded in July 1980. Average monthly precipitation ranged from {{convert|1.83|in}} in February to {{convert|4.11|in}} in May.<ref name=WX/>

==Government==
{{see also|Government of Indiana}}
The county government is a constitutional body, and is granted specific powers by the [[Constitution of Indiana]], and by the [[Indiana Code]].

'''County Council:''' The legislative branch of the county government; controls spending and revenue collection in the county. Representatives are elected to four-year terms from county districts. They set salaries, the annual budget, and special spending. The council has limited authority to impose local taxes, in the form of an income and property tax that is subject to state level approval, excise taxes, and service taxes.<ref name=inc3623>{{cite web|author=Indiana Code|author-link=Indiana Code|url=http://www.in.gov/legislative/ic/code/title36/ar2/ch3.html|title=Title 36, Article 2, Section 3|access-date=September 16, 2008|publisher=IN.gov}}</ref><ref name=inc2102>{{cite web|author=Indiana Code|url=http://www.in.gov/legislative/ic/code/title3/ar10/ch2.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041227171739/http://www.in.gov/legislative/ic/code/title3/ar10/ch2.pdf |archive-date=December 27, 2004 |url-status=live|title=Title 2, Article 10, Section 2|access-date=September 16, 2008|publisher=IN.gov}}</ref>

'''Board of Commissioners:''' The executive body of the county; commissioners are elected county-wide to staggered four-year terms. One commissioner serves as president. The commissioners execute acts legislated by the council, collect revenue, and manage the county government.<ref name=inc3623/><ref name=inc2102/>

'''Court:''' The county maintains a [[small claims court]] that handles civil cases. The judge on the court is elected to a term of four years. The judge is assisted by a constable who is also elected to a four-year term. In some cases, court decisions can be appealed to the state level [[circuit court]].<ref name=inc2102/>

'''County Officials:''' The county has other elected offices, including [[sheriff]], [[coroner]], [[auditor]], [[treasurer]], [[recorder of deeds|recorder]], [[Surveying|surveyor]], and circuit [[court clerk]]. The officers are elected to four-year terms. Members elected to county government positions are required to declare [[political party|party]] affiliations and to be residents of the county.<ref name=inc2102/>

{{PresHead|place=Wells County, Indiana|source=<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS|title=Atlas of US Presidential Elections|last=Leip|first=David|website=uselectionatlas.org|access-date=May 21, 2018}}</ref>}}
<!-- PresRow should be {{PresRow|Year|Winning party|GOP vote #|Dem vote #|3rd party vote #|State}} -->
{{PresRow|2024|Republican|11,006|2,850|280|Indiana}}
{{PresRow|2020|Republican|10,855|2,928|297|Indiana}}
{{PresRow|2016|Republican|10,005|2,586|695|Indiana}}
{{PresRow|2012|Republican|9,256|3,436|260|Indiana}}
{{PresRow|2008|Republican|8,504|4,403|181|Indiana}}
{{PresRow|2004|Republican|9,168|3,112|74|Indiana}}
{{PresRow|2000|Republican|7,755|3,319|207|Indiana}}
{{PresRow|1996|Republican|6,322|3,752|1,220|Indiana}}
{{PresRow|1992|Republican|5,799|3,282|2,958|Indiana}}
{{PresRow|1988|Republican|7,712|3,437|39|Indiana}}
{{PresRow|1984|Republican|7,579|3,274|67|Indiana}}
{{PresRow|1980|Republican|5,864|3,760|821|Indiana}}
{{PresRow|1976|Republican|5,596|4,250|88|Indiana}}
{{PresRow|1972|Republican|6,425|3,244|100|Indiana}}
{{PresRow|1968|Republican|5,361|3,827|913|Indiana}}
{{PresRow|1964|Democratic|4,018|5,945|92|Indiana}}
{{PresRow|1960|Republican|6,034|4,128|80|Indiana}}
{{PresRow|1956|Republican|5,703|3,984|91|Indiana}}
{{PresRow|1952|Republican|5,380|3,963|290|Indiana}}
{{PresRow|1948|Democratic|4,288|4,726|80|Indiana}}
{{PresRow|1944|Republican|4,708|4,475|227|Indiana}}
{{PresRow|1940|Democratic|4,898|5,236|123|Indiana}}
{{PresRow|1936|Democratic|3,606|6,189|59|Indiana}}
{{PresRow|1932|Democratic|3,073|6,236|219|Indiana}}
{{PresRow|1928|Democratic|4,142|4,246|77|Indiana}}
{{PresRow|1924|Democratic|3,932|4,537|285|Indiana}}
{{PresRow|1920|Democratic|4,430|4,653|222|Indiana}}
{{PresRow|1916|Democratic|1,947|2,928|351|Indiana}}
{{PresRow|1912|Democratic|812|2,760|1,520|Indiana}}
{{PresRow|1908|Democratic|2,185|3,345|553|Indiana}}
{{PresRow|1904|Democratic|2,565|3,127|604|Indiana}}
{{PresRow|1900|Democratic|2,290|3,599|217|Indiana}}
{{PresRow|1896|Democratic|2,212|3,728|98|Indiana}}
{{PresRow|1892|Democratic|1,668|2,725|528|Indiana}}
{{PresFoot|1888|Democratic|1,926|2,942|314|Indiana}}

==Demographics==
{{US Census population
|1840= 1822
|1850= 6152
|1860= 10844
|1870= 13585
|1880= 18442
|1890= 21514
|1900= 23449
|1910= 22418
|1920= 20509
|1930= 18411
|1940= 19099
|1950= 19564
|1960= 21220
|1970= 23821
|1980= 25401
|1990= 25948
|2000= 27600
|2010= 27636
|2020= 28180
|estyear=2023
|estimate=28555
|estref=<ref name="USCensusEst2023">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/data/tables.html|title=Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Counties: April 1, 2020 to July 1, 2023|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=April 2, 2024}}</ref>
|align-fn=center
|footnote=US Decennial Census<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html|title=U.S. Decennial Census|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=July 10, 2014}}</ref><br />1790-1960<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mapserver.lib.virginia.edu|title=Historical Census Browser|publisher=University of Virginia Library|access-date=July 10, 2014}}</ref> 1900-1990<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/population/cencounts/in190090.txt|title=Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990|publisher=US Census Bureau|access-date=July 10, 2014}}</ref><br />1990-2000<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/population/www/cen2000/briefs/phc-t4/tables/tab02.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100327165705/http://www.census.gov/population/www/cen2000/briefs/phc-t4/tables/tab02.pdf |archive-date=March 27, 2010 |url-status=live|title=Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=July 10, 2014}}</ref> 2010-2013<ref name=QF/> 2018<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/wellscountyindiana/PST045218|title=QuickFacts. Wells County IN|publisher=US Census Bureau|access-date=July 26, 2019}}</ref><ref name=QF>{{cite web|url=http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/18/18179.html|title=Wells County QuickFacts|access-date=September 25, 2011|publisher=US Census Bureau|archive-date=June 7, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110607092214/http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/18/18179.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> 2020<ref name=new-census>[https://www.census.gov/library/visualizations/interactive/2020-population-and-housing-state-data.html 2020 Population and Housing State Data | Indiana]</ref>
}}

==2010 Census==
As of the [[2010 United States Census]], there were 27,636 people, 10,780 households, and 7,684 families in the county.<ref name=DP>{{cite web|url=http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_DP/DPDP1/0500000US18179|title=Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010 Demographic Profile Data|access-date=July 10, 2015|publisher=US Census Bureau|archive-url=https://archive.today/20200213020926/http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_DP/DPDP1/0500000US18179|archive-date=February 13, 2020|url-status=dead}}</ref> The population density was {{convert|75.1|PD/sqmi}}. There were 11,659 housing units at an average density of {{convert|31.7|/sqmi}}.<ref name=DC>{{cite web|url=http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_SF1/GCTPH1.CY10/0500000US18179|access-date=July 10, 2015|title=Population, Housing Units, Area, and Density: 2010 - County|publisher=US Census Bureau|archive-url=https://archive.today/20200212204438/http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_SF1/GCTPH1.CY10/0500000US18179|archive-date=February 12, 2020|url-status=dead}}</ref> The racial makeup of the county was 97.3% white, 0.4% Asian, 0.3% American Indian, 0.3% black or African American, 0.8% from other races, and 0.9% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 2.0% of the population.<ref name=DP/> In terms of ancestry, 38.4% were [[Germans|German]], 12.3% were [[English people|English]], 10.8% were [[Irish people|Irish]], and 10.3% were [[Americans|American]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/ACS/10_5YR/DP02/0400000US18%7c0500000US18179|title=Selected Social Characteristics in the US – 2006-2010 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates|access-date=July 10, 2015|publisher=US Census Bureau|archive-url=https://archive.today/20200214002503/http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/ACS/10_5YR/DP02/0400000US18%7C0500000US18179|archive-date=February 14, 2020|url-status=dead}}</ref>
Of the 10,780 households, 33.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 58.1% were married couples living together, 8.6% had a female householder with no husband present, 28.7% were non-families, and 24.8% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.52 and the average family size was 3.00. The median age was 40.2 years.<ref name=DP/>

The median income for a household in the county was $47,697 and the median income for a family was $56,885. Males had a median income of $41,871 versus $30,031 for females. The per capita income for the county was $23,169. About 6.2% of families and 8.0% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 10.8% of those under age 18 and 3.6% of those age 65 or over.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/ACS/10_5YR/DP03/0400000US18%7C0500000US18179 |title=American FactFinder - Results |website=factfinder.census.gov |access-date=February 3, 2022 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200214002931/http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/ACS/10_5YR/DP03/0400000US18%7C0500000US18179 |archive-date=February 14, 2020 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Education==
School districts include: [[Bluffton-Harrison Metropolitan School District]], [[Northern Wells Community Schools]], and [[Southern Wells Community Schools]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/DC2020/PL20/st18_in/schooldistrict_maps/c18179_wells/DC20SD_C18179.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220723231017/https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/DC2020/PL20/st18_in/schooldistrict_maps/c18179_wells/DC20SD_C18179.pdf |archive-date=July 23, 2022 |url-status=live|title=2020 CENSUS - SCHOOL DISTRICT REFERENCE MAP: Wells County, IN|publisher=[[U.S. Census Bureau]]|accessdate=July 23, 2022}} - [https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/DC2020/PL20/st18_in/schooldistrict_maps/c18179_wells/DC20SD_C18179_SD2MS.txt Text list]</ref>

==See also==
* [[National Register of Historic Places listings in Wells County, Indiana]]

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

=== Bibliography ===
{{refbegin}}
* {{Cite book|author1-last=Tyndall|author1-first=John Wilson|author2-last=Lesh|author2-first=Orlo Ervin|title=Standard history of Adams and Wells counties, Indiana: An authentic narrative of the past, with an extended survey of modern developments in the progress of town and country|year=1918a|volume=1|location=Chicago|publisher=The Lewis Publishing Company}} ({{Internet Archive|id=standardhistoryo01tynd|name=Standard history of Adams and Wells counties, Indiana}})
{{refend}}

==External links==
* [http://www.ohiohistorycentral.org/entry.php?rec=403 William Wells]

== Further reading ==
{{refbegin}}
* {{Cite book|author1-last=Tyndall|author1-first=John Wilson|author2-last=Lesh|author2-first=Orlo Ervin|title=Standard history of Adams and Wells counties, Indiana: An authentic narrative of the past, with an extended survey of modern developments in the progress of town and country|year=1918b|volume=2|location=Chicago|publisher=The Lewis Publishing Company}} ({{Internet Archive|id=standardhistoryo02tynd|name=Standard history of Adams and Wells counties, Indiana}})
* {{cite book|title=Biographical memoirs of Wells County, Indiana|location=Logansport, Indiana|publisher=B.F. Bowen &amp; Company|year=1903}} ({{HathiTrust Catalog|id=009558367|title=Biographical memoirs of Wells County, Indiana}})
{{refend}}
{{Geographic Location
|Centre    = Wells County, Indiana
|North     = [[Allen County, Indiana|Allen County]]
|East      = [[Adams County, Indiana|Adams County]]
|Southeast = [[Jay County, Indiana|Jay County]]
|South     = [[Blackford County, Indiana|Blackford County]]
|West      = [[Grant County, Indiana|Grant County]]
|Northwest = [[Huntington County, Indiana|Huntington County]]
}}
{{Wells County, Indiana}}
{{Fort Wayne Metro}}
{{Indiana}}
{{Authority control}}
{{Coord|40.73|-85.22|display=title|type:adm2nd_region:US-IN_source:UScensus1990}}

[[Category:Wells County, Indiana| ]]
[[Category:Indiana counties]]
[[Category:1837 establishments in Indiana]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1837]]
[[Category:Fort Wayne, IN Metropolitan Statistical Area]]