Editing Władysław II Jagiełło

{{Short description|Grand Duke of Lithuania (1377–1434); King of Poland (1386–1434)}}
{{Redirect2|Jagiełło|Jagiello}}
{{For|monarchs with similar names|Ladislaus Jagiello (disambiguation)|Ladislaus}}
{{featured article}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2025}}
{{Infobox royalty
| name = Władysław II Jagiełło
| image = Jogaila (Władysław II).jpg
| caption = King Władysław II Jagiełło, detail of the Triptych of Our Lady of Sorrows in the [[Wawel Cathedral]], [[Kraków]]
| birth_date = c. 1352/1362
| birth_place = [[Vilnius]], [[Grand Duchy of Lithuania]]
| death_date = {{death date|1434|6|1|df=y}} (aged 71–72/81–82)
| death_place = [[Horodok, Lviv Oblast|Gródek Jagielloński]], [[Kingdom of Poland (1385–1569)|Kingdom of Poland]]
| place of burial= [[Wawel Cathedral]]
| succession = [[Grand Duke of Lithuania|Grand/Supreme Duke of Lithuania]]
| reign = {{plainlist|
* May 1377{{snd}}August 1381
* 3/15 August 1382{{snd}}1 June 1434
}}
| coronation =
| predecessor = {{plainlist|
* [[Algirdas]] (1377)
* [[Kęstutis]] (1382)}}
| successor = {{plainlist|
* [[Kęstutis]] (1381)
* [[Władysław III of Poland|Władysław III]] (1434)}}
| regent = {{plainlist|
* [[Skirgaila]] (1386–1392)
* [[Vytautas]] (1392–1401)}}
| reg-type = Regents
| regent1 = {{plainlist|
* Vytautas (1401–1430)
* [[Švitrigaila]] (1430–1432)
* [[Sigismund Kęstutaitis]] (1432–1434)}}
| reg-type1 = Co-rulers {{nowrap|(Grand dukes)}}
| succession2 = [[King of Poland]]
| reign2 = 4 March 1386{{snd}}1 June 1434
| predecessor2 = [[Jadwiga of Poland|Jadwiga]]
| successor2 = [[Władysław III of Poland|Władysław III]]
| coronation2 = 4 March 1386
| regent2 = Jadwiga (1386–1399)
| reg-type2 = Co-ruler
| dynasty = [[Jagiellon dynasty|Jagiellon]] ([[cadet branch]] of the [[Gediminid dynasty]])
| father = [[Algirdas, Grand Duke of Lithuania]]
| mother = [[Uliana of Tver]]
| spouses = {{plainlist|
* [[Jadwiga of Poland]]
* [[Anna of Cilli]]
* [[Elisabeth of Pilica]]
* [[Sophia of Halshany]]}}
| issue = {{plainlist|
* [[Elizabeth Bonifacia Jagiellon]]
* [[Hedwig Jagiellon (1408–1431)|Hedwig Jagiellon]]
* Casimir Jagiellon
* [[Władysław III of Poland]]
* [[Casimir IV Jagiellon]]}}
}}

'''Jogaila''' ({{IPA|lt|jɔˈɡâːɪɫɐ|lang|Lithuanian pronunciation of the name Jogaila.ogg}}; {{c.|1352/1362}}{{snd}}1 June 1434), later '''Władysław II Jagiełło''' ({{IPA|pl|vwaˈdɨswaf jaˈɡʲɛwwɔ|lang|Pl-Władysław Jagiełło.ogg}}),<ref group=nb>Other names include ({{langx|lt|Jogaila Algirdaitis}}; {{langx|be|Ягайла|Jagajła}}) (see also [[Names and titles of Władysław II Jagiełło]])</ref> was [[Grand Duke of Lithuania]] beginning in 1377 and starting in 1386, becoming [[King of Poland]] as well. As Grand Duke, he ruled Lithuania from 1377 to 1381 and from 1382 to 1401, at which time he became the [[Supreme Duke of Lithuania]] in exchange for naming his cousin [[Vytautas]] as the new Grand Duke. Władysław II initially served as King of Poland alongside his wife [[Jadwiga of Poland|Jadwiga]] until her death in 1399, and then the sole ruler until his own death in 1434.

Raised a [[Lithuanian polytheist]], he converted to [[Catholicism]] in 1386 and baptized as [[Ladislaus]] ({{Langx|pl|Władysław|links=no}}) in [[Kraków]], married the young Queen Jadwiga, and was crowned King of Poland as Władysław II Jagiełło.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Grzęda |first=Mateusz |date=15 February 2022 |title=Ladislaus II Jagiełło (1386–1434) |journal=Encyclopedia |language=en |volume=2 |issue=1 |pages=515, 525 |doi=10.3390/encyclopedia2010034 |issn=2673-8392 |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name="bojtár"/> In 1387, he [[Christianization of Lithuania|converted Lithuania]] to Catholicism. His reign in Poland started in 1399, upon the death of Queen Jadwiga, lasted a further thirty-five years, and laid the foundation for the centuries-long [[Polish–Lithuanian union]]. He was a member of the [[Jagiellonian dynasty]] in Poland that bears his name and was previously also known as the [[Gediminid dynasty]] in the [[Grand Duchy of Lithuania]]. The dynasty ruled both states until 1572,<ref group=nb>[[Anna Jagiellon]], the last member of the royal Jagiellon family, died in 1596.</ref> and became one of the most influential dynasties in late [[Middle Ages|medieval]] and [[early modern Europe]].<ref name="Bojtar"/>

Jogaila was the last pagan ruler of [[medieval Lithuania]]. After he became King of Poland, as a result of the [[Union of Krewo]], the newly formed Polish-Lithuanian union confronted the growing power of the [[Teutonic Order]]. The allied victory at the [[Battle of Grunwald]] in 1410, followed by the [[Peace of Thorn (1411)|Peace of Thorn]], secured the Polish and Lithuanian borders and marked the emergence of the Polish–Lithuanian alliance as a significant force in Europe. The reign of Władysław II Jagiełło extended Polish frontiers and is often considered the beginning of [[Poland's Golden Age]].

==Early life==

===Lithuania===
Little is known of Jogaila's early life, and even his year of birth is uncertain. Previously historians assumed he was born in 1352, but some recent research suggests a later date—about 1362.<ref name="tęgowski">{{Harvnb|Tęgowski|1999|pp=124–125}}</ref> He was a descendant of the [[Gediminids|Gediminid dynasty]] and was the son of [[Algirdas]], Grand Duke of Lithuania, and his second wife, [[Uliana of Tver]],<ref>{{Harvnb|Potašenko|2008|p=30}}</ref> who was the daughter of the [[Yaroslav of Tver|Yaroslavichi]] prince [[Aleksandr of Tver]]. His name had a meaning of more courageous and superior than others, he spent most of his early time in [[Vilnius]], at his father's manor.<ref name="Plikune"/>

[[File:Coin of Jogaila with a lion (1386–1387).jpg|thumb|left|Early coin of the [[Grand Duke of Lithuania]] Jogaila with a lion, minted at the [[Vilnius Mint]] between 1386 and 1387]]
The Grand Duchy of Lithuania to which Jogaila succeeded as Grand Duke in 1377 was a political entity composed of two leading, but very different nationalities and two political systems: ethnic Lithuania in the north-west and the vast [[Ruthenia]]n territories of former [[Kievan Rus']], comprising the lands of modern Ukraine, Belarus, and parts of western Russia.<ref name="stone"/> At first, Jogaila—like his father—based his rule in the southern and eastern territories of Lithuania, while his uncle, [[Kęstutis]], the [[Duke of Trakai]], continued to rule the north-western region.<ref group=nb>Some historians have called this system a diarchy ({{Harvnb|Sruogienė-Sruoga|1987}}; {{Harvnb|Deveike|1950}}). However, Rowell suggests that the nature of this dual rule "...reflects political expediency; it certainly does not meet the formal definition of diarchy as 'rule by two independent authorities'...those two leaders were not equal: the grand duke in Vilnius was supreme" ({{Harvnb|Rowell|1994|p=68}}).</ref> Jogaila's succession, however, soon placed this system of dual rule under strain.<ref name="Bojtar"/>

At the start of his reign, Jogaila was preoccupied with unrest in the Lithuanian Rus' lands. In 1377–78, [[Andrei of Polotsk]], the eldest son of Algirdas, challenged Jogaila's authority and sought to become Grand Duke. In 1380, Andrei and another brother, [[Demetrius I Starshy|Dmitry]], sided with Prince [[Dmitri Donskoi|Dmitri of Moscow]] against Jogaila's alliance with emir [[Mamai]], de facto khan of the [[Golden Horde]].<ref name="plokhy"/> Jogaila failed to support Mamai, lingering in the vicinity of the battlefield, which led to Mamai's army's significant defeat at the hands of Prince Dmitri in the [[Battle of Kulikovo]]. The Muscovites' Pyrrhic victory over the Golden Horde, in the long term, signified, however, the beginning of a slow climb to power by the [[Grand Duchy of Moscow]], which became within a century the most serious rival and threat to the integrity, well-being and survival of Lithuania. However, in 1380 Muscovy was greatly weakened by tremendous losses suffered during the battle and thus, in the same year, Jogaila was free to begin a struggle for supremacy with Kęstutis.

[[File:Seal of Jogaila with his title as King in Lithuania (used in 1377-1386).jpg|thumb|upright=0.66|Seal of Jogaila with his title (in [[Latin]]) as King in [[Lithuania]], used in 1377–1386, before becoming the [[King of Poland]] in 1386]]
In the north-west, Lithuania faced constant armed incursions from the [[Teutonic Knights]]—founded after 1226 to fight and convert the pagan [[Baltic tribes]] of [[Old Prussians|Prussians]], [[Yotvingians]] and [[Lithuanians]]. In 1380, Jogaila concluded the secret [[Treaty of Dovydiškės]], directed against Kęstutis.<ref name="Bojtar"/> When Kęstutis discovered the plan, the [[Lithuanian Civil War (1381–1384)|Lithuanian Civil War]] began. He seized Vilnius, overthrew Jogaila, and pronounced himself grand duke in his place.<ref name="Jones"/> In 1382, Jogaila raised an army from his father's vassals and confronted Kęstutis near Trakai. Kęstutis and his son [[Vytautas]] entered Jogaila's encampment for negotiations but were tricked and imprisoned in the [[Kreva Castle]], where Kęstutis was found dead, probably murdered, a week later.<ref name="bojtár1"/> Vytautas escaped to the Teutonic fortress of [[Ordensburg Marienburg|Marienburg]] and was baptised there under the name Wigand.<ref name="Jones"/>

Jogaila formulated the [[Treaty of Dubysa]], which rewarded the Knights for their aid in defeating Kęstutis and Vytautas by promising Christianisation and granting them [[Samogitia]] west of the [[Dubysa]] river. However, when Jogaila failed to ratify the treaty, the Knights invaded Lithuania in the summer of 1383. In 1384, Jogaila reconciled with Vytautas promising to return his patrimony in Trakai. Vytautas then turned against the Knights, attacking and looting several Prussian castles.<ref name="Mick"/>

It is known that Jogaila, being ethnic Lithuanian in the male line, himself knew and spoke in the [[Lithuanian language]] with Vytautas, his cousin from the Gediminids dynasty.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ar perrašinėjamos istorijos pasakų įkvėpta Baltarusija gali kėsintis į Rytų Lietuvą? |url=https://www.15min.lt/naujiena/aktualu/istorija/ar-perrasinejamos-istorijos-pasaku-ikvepta-baltarusija-gali-kesintis-i-rytu-lietuva-582-456877 |last1=Pancerovas |first1=Dovydas |website=[[15min.lt]] |access-date=1 October 2014 |language=lt}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Statkuvienė |first1=Regina |title=Jogailaičiai. Kodėl ne Gediminaičiai? |url=https://www.15min.lt/naujiena/aktualu/istorija/jogailaiciai-kodel-ne-gediminaiciai-582-1056552 |website=15min.lt |access-date=9 November 2018 |language=lt}}</ref><ref name="Plikune"/> Also, during the [[Christianization of Lithuania#Christianization by Jogaila and Vytautas|Christianization of Samogitia]], none of the clergy, who came to [[Duchy of Samogitia|Samogitia]] with Jogaila, were able to communicate with the natives, therefore Jogaila himself taught the [[Samogitians]] about the [[Catholic Church|Catholicism]], thus he was able to communicate in the [[Samogitian dialect]] of the Lithuanian language.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Baronas |first1=Darius |title=Žemaičių krikštas: tyrimai ir refleksija |date=2013 |publisher=[[Lithuanian Catholic Academy of Science]] |location=[[Vilnius]] |isbn=978-9986-592-71-6 |pages=33–34 |url=https://www.lkma.lt/site/files/file/leidiniai/Zemaiciu_krikstas.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://www.lkma.lt/site/files/file/leidiniai/Zemaiciu_krikstas.pdf |archive-date=9 October 2022 |url-status=live |access-date=17 July 2021 |language=lt}}</ref> According to the Teutonic Order's testimonial, he could not read nor write, and had to listen to others reading for him.<ref name="Plikune">{{cite web |last1=Plikūnė |first1=Dalia |title=Kodėl Jogaila buvo geras, o Vytautas Didysis - genialus |url=https://www.delfi.lt/news/daily/lithuania/kodel-jogaila-buvo-geras-o-vytautas-didysis-genialus.d?id=76794153 |website=[[DELFI]] |access-date=19 May 2021 |language=lt}}</ref>

===Baptism and marriage===
{{see also|Jadwiga of Poland}}
Jogaila's Russian mother [[Uliana of Tver]] urged him to marry Sofia, daughter of [[Dmitri Donskoi|Prince Dmitri of Moscow]], who required him first to convert to Orthodoxy.<ref group=nb>The historian [[John Meyendorff]] suggests Jogaila may have already been an Orthodox Christian: "In 1377, Olgerd of Lithuania died, leaving the Grand Principality to his son Jagiello, an Orthodox Christian..." ({{harvnb|Meyendorff|1989|p=205}}). Dmitri, however, made it a condition of the marriage that Jogaila "should be baptized in the Orthodox faith and that he should proclaim his Christianity to all men" ({{harvnb|Dvornik|1992|p=221}}).</ref> That option, however, was unlikely to halt the crusades against Lithuania by the Teutonic Knights, who regarded [[Eastern Orthodox Church|Orthodox Christians]] as schismatics and little better than heathens.<ref name="Bojtar"/><ref name="Jones"/> Jogaila chose therefore to accept a Polish proposal to become a [[Catholic]] and marry the eleven-year-old Queen [[Jadwiga of Poland]].<ref group=nb>Jadwiga had actually been crowned [[king of Poland]] ({{lang|la|rex poloni}}), because the Polish political system made no provision for a [[queen regnant]] ({{harvnb|Stone|2001|p=8}}).</ref> The nobles of [[Lesser Poland]] made this offer to Jogaila for many reasons. They wanted to neutralize the dangers posed by Lithuania itself and to secure the fertile territories of [[Galicia–Volhynia]].<ref name="lukowski"/> The Polish nobles saw the offer as an opportunity for increasing their privileges<ref name="dvornik"/> and avoiding Austrian influence, brought by Jadwiga's previous fiancé [[William, Duke of Austria]].<ref name="lukowski2"/>

On 14 August 1385 in [[Kreva Castle]], Jogaila confirmed his prenuptial promises in the [[Union of Krewo]] (Union of Kreva). The promises included the adoption of Christianity, repatriation of lands "stolen" from Poland by its neighbours, and ''terras suas Lithuaniae et Russiae Coronae Regni Poloniae perpetuo applicare'', a clause interpreted by historians to mean anything from a [[personal union]] between Lithuania and Poland to a complete incorporation of Lithuania into Poland.<ref name="lukowski3"/> The agreement at Kreva has been described both as far-sighted and as a desperate gamble.<ref group=nb>It "reflects the exceptional far-sightedness of the political elites ruling both countries" ({{Harvnb|Kłoczowski|2000|p=55}}). It was "a desperate gamble by Jogaila to avert a seemingly inevitable subjugation" ({{Harvnb|Lukowski|Zawadzki|2001|p=38}})</ref>

Jogaila was duly baptized at the [[Wawel Cathedral]] in [[Kraków]] on 15 February 1386 and from then on formally used the name Władysław or Latin versions of it.<ref name="sruogien"/><ref group=nb>A Slavic name that roughly translates as ''glorious rule'', Władysław is often [[Latinization (literature)|Latinised]] into either Wladislaus or Ladislaus. The choice evoked both [[Władysław I the Elbow-high|Władysław I of Poland, the Elbow-high]], who was Queen Jadwiga's great-grandfather and unified the kingdom in 1320, and Saint [[Ladislaus I of Hungary]], a king who sided with the pope against the emperor [[Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor|Henry IV]] and Christianised [[Transylvania]] ({{harvnb|Rowell|2000|pp=709–712}}).</ref> The marriage took place three days later, and on 4 March 1386 Jogaila was crowned King Władysław by archbishop [[Bodzanta]]. He was also to be legally adopted by Jadwiga's mother, [[Elizabeth of Bosnia]], so retaining the throne in the event of Jadwiga's death.<ref name="Jones"/> He was the first [[Lithuanians|Lithuanian]] to be crowned as the King of Poland.<ref name="Vle">{{cite web |last1=Gudavičius |first1=Edvardas |last2=Jučas |first2=Mečislovas |last3=Matulevičius |first3=Algirdas |title=Jogaila |url=https://www.vle.lt/straipsnis/jogaila/ |website=[[Visuotinė lietuvių enciklopedija]] |access-date=19 May 2021 |language=lt}}</ref> The royal baptism triggered the conversion of most of Jogaila's court and noblemen, as well as mass baptisms in Lithuanian rivers,<ref name="Kłoczowski">{{Harvnb|Kłoczowski|2000|pp=54–57}}</ref> a beginning of the final [[Christianization of Lithuania]]. Though the ethnic [[Lithuanian nobility]] were the main converts to Catholicism—both paganism and the Orthodox rite remained strong among the peasants—the king's conversion and its political implications created lasting repercussions for the history of both Lithuania and Poland.<ref name="Kłoczowski"/> On 22 February 1387, he banned Catholics from marriages with [[Orthodoxy|Orthodox]] and demanded those Orthodox who previously married with the Catholics to convert to Catholicism.<ref name="Vle"/>

==Ruler of Lithuania and Poland==

===Accession===
[[File:Polska 1386 - 1434.png|250px|thumb|Poland and Lithuania 1386–1434{{imagefact|date=December 2022}}]]
Władysław II Jagiello and Jadwiga reigned as co-monarchs; and though Jadwiga probably had little real power, she took an active part in Poland's political and cultural life. In 1387, she led two successful military expeditions to [[Red Ruthenia]], recovered lands her father, [[Louis I of Hungary]], had transferred from Poland to Hungary, and secured the homage of Voivode [[Petru I of Moldavia]].<ref name="Jasienica"/> In 1390, she also personally opened negotiations with the Teutonic Order. Most political responsibilities, however, fell to Jagiello, with Jadwiga attending to the cultural and charitable activities for which she is still revered.<ref name="Jasienica"/>

Soon after Jagiello acceded to the Polish throne, Jagiello granted [[Vilnius]] a city charter like that of [[Kraków]], modelled on the [[Magdeburg Law]]; and Vytautas issued a privilege to a Jewish commune of [[Trakai]] on almost the same terms as privileges issued to the Jews of Poland in the reigns of [[Bolesław the Pious|Boleslaus the Pious]] and [[Casimir the Great]].<ref name="Jasienica-legal"/> Władysław's policy of unifying the two legal systems was partial and uneven at first but achieved a lasting influence.<ref name="Jasienica"/> By the time of the [[Union of Lublin]] in 1569, there was not much difference between the administrative and judicial systems in force in Lithuania and Poland.<ref name="dvornik4"/>

One effect of Jagiello's measures was to be the advancement of Catholics in Lithuania at the expense of Orthodox elements; in 1387 and 1413, for example, Lithuanian Catholic boyars were granted special judicial and political privileges denied to the Orthodox boyars.<ref name="magocsi"/> As this process gained momentum, it was accompanied by the rise of both Rus' and Lithuanian identity in the fifteenth century.<ref name="plokhy-98"/>

===Challenges===
[[File:Lithuanian Denar of Jogaila with Lithuanian Vytis (Waykimas), minted in 1388–1392.jpg|thumb|upright=0.66|Lithuanian [[Denar]] of Jogaila (minted in 1388–1392) with [[Coat of arms of Lithuania|Vytis (Pahonia)]]]]
Jagiello's baptism failed to end the [[crusade]] of the Teutonic Knights, who claimed his conversion was a sham, perhaps even heresy, and renewed their incursions on the pretext that [[pagan]]s remained in Lithuania.<ref name="Jones"/><ref name="Housley"/> From then on, however, the Order found it harder to sustain the cause of a crusade and faced the growing threat to its existence posed by the Kingdom of Poland and a genuinely Christian Lithuania alliance.<ref name="Sedlar"/><ref name="turnbull"/> Władysław sponsored the creation of the [[diocese of Vilnius]] under [[bishop of Vilnius|bishop]] [[Andrzej Wasilko]], the former confessor of [[Elizabeth of Poland]]. The bishopric, which included Samogitia, then largely controlled by the Teutonic Order, was subordinated to the see of [[Gniezno]] and not to that of Teutonic [[Königsberg]].<ref name="Jones"/> The decision may not have improved Władysław's relations with the Order, but it served to introduce closer ties between Lithuania and Poland, enabling the Polish church to freely assist its Lithuanian counterpart.<ref name="Kłoczowski"/>

In 1389, Władysław's rule in Lithuania faced a revived challenge from Vytautas, who resented the power given to [[Skirgaila]] in Lithuania at the expense of his own patrimony.<ref name=Mick/> Vytautas started a [[Lithuanian Civil War (1389–1392)|civil war in Lithuania]], aiming to become the Grand Duke. On 4 September 1390, the joint forces of Vytautas and Grand Master [[Konrad von Wallenrode]] of the Teutonic Order, laid siege to Vilnius, which was held by Władysław's regent Skirgaila with combined Polish, Lithuanian and Ruthenian troops.<ref name="Bojtar"/> Although the Knights lifted the siege of the castle after a month, they reduced much of the outer city to ruins. This bloody conflict was eventually brought to a temporary halt in 1392 with the [[Treaty of Ostrów]], by which Władysław handed over the government of Lithuania to his cousin in exchange for peace: Vytautas was to rule Lithuania as the grand duke (''magnus dux'') until his death, under the overlordship of the Supreme Duke (''dux supremus'') in the person of the Polish monarch.<ref name="rowell"/> Skirgaila was moved from the [[Duchy of Trakai]] to become prince of Kiev.<ref name="stone5"/> Vytautas initially accepted his status but soon began to pursue Lithuania's independence from Poland.<ref name="Jasienica"/><ref name="Dvornik"/>

The protracted period of war between the Lithuanians and the Teutonic Knights was ended on 12 October 1398 by the [[Treaty of Salynas]], named after the islet in the [[Neman River]] where it was signed. Lithuania agreed to cede Samogitia and assist the Teutonic Order in a campaign to seize [[Pskov]], while the Order agreed to assist Lithuania in a campaign to seize [[Novgorod]].<ref name="Jasienica"/> Shortly afterwards, Vytautas was crowned as a king by local nobles; but the following year his forces and those of his ally, Khan [[Tokhtamysh]] of the [[White Horde]], were crushed by the [[Timurid dynasty|Timurids]] at the [[Battle of the Vorskla River]], ending his imperial ambitions in the east and obliging him to submit to Władysław's protection once more.<ref name="Bojtar"/><ref name="Dvornik"/>

==King of Poland==

===Early actions===
<!-- [[WP:NFCC]] violation: [[File:100zl r.jpg|thumb|300px|100-[[Polish złoty|złoty]] banknote featuring Władysław II Jagiełło]] -->
On 22 June 1399, Jadwiga gave birth to a daughter, baptised [[Elizabeth Bonifacia of Poland|Elizabeth Bonifacia]], but within a month the mother and daughter died, leaving Władysław sole ruler of the Kingdom of Poland and without an heir nor much legitimacy to rule the kingdom. Jadwiga's death undermined Władysław's right to the throne, and as a result old conflicts between the nobility of [[Lesser Poland]], generally sympathetic to Władysław, and the gentry of [[Greater Poland]] began to surface. In 1402, Władysław answered the rumblings against his rule by marrying [[Anna of Cilli]], a granddaughter of [[Casimir III of Poland]], a political match that re-legitimized his reign.{{cn|date=March 2024}}

The [[Union of Vilnius and Radom]] of 1401 confirmed the status of Vytautas as grand duke under Władysław's overlordship while assuring the title of grand duke to the heirs of Władysław rather than those of Vytautas: should Władysław die without heirs, the Lithuanian [[boyar]]s were to elect a new monarch.<ref name="Jasienica-103"/><ref name="stone-11"/> Since no heir had yet been produced by either monarch, the implications of the union were unforeseeable, but it forged bonds between the Polish and Lithuanian nobility and a permanent [[defensive alliance]] between the two states, strengthening Lithuania's hand for a new war against the Teutonic Order in which Poland officially took no part.<ref name="Sedlar"/><ref name="Dvornik"/> While the document left the liberties of the Polish nobles untouched, it granted increased power to the boyars of Lithuania, whose grand dukes had till then been unencumbered by checks and balances of the sort attached to the Polish monarchy. The Union of Vilnius and Radom therefore earned Władysław a measure of support in Lithuania.<ref name="Jasienica"/>

In late 1401, the new war against the Order overstretched the resources of the Lithuanians, who found themselves fighting on two fronts after uprisings in the eastern provinces. Another of Władysław's brothers, the malcontent [[Švitrigaila]], chose this moment to stir up revolts behind the lines and declare himself grand duke.<ref name="Housley"/> On 31 January 1402, he presented himself in [[Malbork|Marienburg]], where he won the backing of the Knights with concessions similar to those made by Jogaila and Vytautas during earlier leadership contests in the Grand Duchy.<ref name="Jasienica-103"/>

===Against the Teutonic Order===
[[File:Majestic Seal of Jogaila (King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania), featuring Polish Eagle, Lithuanian Vytis (Waykimas) and other coats of arms, 1411.jpg|thumb|200px|Royal seal of Władysław II Jagiełło, 1411]]
The war ended in the [[Treaty of Raciąż]] on 22 May 1404. Władysław acceded to the formal cession of Samogitia and agreed to support the Order's designs on [[Pskov]]; in return, [[Konrad von Jungingen]] undertook to sell Poland the disputed [[Dobrzyń Land]] and the town of [[Złotoryja]], once pawned to the Order by [[Władysław Opolski]], and to support Vytautas in a revived attempt on [[Novgorod]].<ref name="Jasienica-103"/> Both sides had practical reasons for signing the treaty at that point: the Order needed time to fortify its newly acquired lands, the Poles and Lithuanians to deal with territorial challenges in the east and in [[Silesia]].{{cn|date=March 2024}}

Also in 1404, Władysław held talks at [[Wrocław|Vratislav]] with [[Wenceslaus, King of the Romans|Wenceslaus IV of Bohemia]], who offered to return Silesia to Poland if Władysław supported him in his power struggle within the [[Holy Roman Empire]].<ref name="cambridge"/> Władysław turned the deal down with the agreement of both Polish and Silesian nobles, unwilling to burden himself with new military commitments in the west.<ref name="Śląsk"/>

===Polish–Lithuanian–Teutonic war===
{{Main|Polish–Lithuanian–Teutonic War|Battle of Grunwald}}
[[File:Matejko Battle of Grunwald.jpg|thumb|right|300px|[[Battle of Grunwald]], 1410. Painting by Jan Matejko]]
In December 1408, Władysław and Vytautas held strategic talks in [[Navahrudak Castle]], where they decided to foment a [[Samogitian uprising]] against Teutonic rule to draw German forces away from [[Pomerelia]]. Władysław promised to repay Vytautas for his support by restoring Samogitia to Lithuania in any future peace treaty.<ref name="karwasińska">{{harvnb|Karwasińska|Zakrzewski|1892|p=21}}</ref> The uprising, which began in May 1409, at first provoked little reaction from the Knights, who had not yet consolidated their rule in Samogitia by building castles; but by June their diplomats were busy lobbying Władysław's court at [[Oborniki]], warning his nobles against Polish involvement in a war between Lithuania and the Order.<ref name="Jasienica-106"/> Władysław, however, bypassed his nobles and informed the new Grand Master [[Ulrich von Jungingen]] that if the Knights acted to suppress Samogitia, Poland would intervene. This stung the Order into issuing a declaration of war against Poland on 6 August, which Władysław received on 14 August in [[Nowy Korczyn]].<ref name="Jasienica-106"/>

The castles guarding the northern border were in such bad condition that the Knights easily captured those at Złotoryja, [[Dobrzyń nad Wisłą|Dobrzyń]] and [[Bobrowniki]], the capital of Dobrzyń Land, while German burghers invited them into [[Bydgoszcz]] (German: Bromberg). Władysław arrived on the scene in late September, retook Bydgoszcz within a week, and came to terms with the Order on 8 October. During the winter, the two armies prepared for a major confrontation. Władysław installed a strategic supply depot at [[Płock]] in [[Masovia]] and had a [[pontoon bridge]] constructed and transported north down the [[Vistula]].<ref name="turnbull6"/>

Meanwhile, both sides unleashed diplomatic offensives. The Knights dispatched letters to the monarchs of Europe, preaching their usual crusade against the heathens;<ref name="delbrück"/> Władysław countered with his letters to the monarchs, accusing the Order of planning to conquer the whole world.<ref name="Jasienica-108"/> Such appeals successfully recruited many foreign knights to each side. [[Wenceslaus, King of the Romans|Wenceslas IV of Bohemia]] signed a defensive treaty with the Poles against the Teutonic Order; his brother, [[Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor|Sigismund of Luxembourg]], allied himself with the Order and declared war against Poland on 12 July, though his Hungarian vassals refused his call to arms.<ref name="Jasienica-110"/>

===Battle of Grunwald===
{{Main|Battle of Grunwald}}
[[File:Panorama of Malbork Castle, part 4.jpg|thumb|right|The Teutonic Order's castle at Marienburg]]
When the war resumed in June 1410, Władysław advanced into the Teutonic heartland at the head of an army of about 20,000 mounted nobles, 15,000 armed commoners, and 2,000 professional cavalry mainly hired from Bohemia. After crossing the Vistula over the pontoon bridge at [[Czerwińsk]], his troops met up with those of [[Vytautas]], whose 11,000 light cavalry included Lithuanians, Ruthenians, and [[Tatars]].<ref name="Stone 2001 16"/> The Teutonic Order's army had about 18,000 cavalry, mostly Germans, and 5,000 infantry. On 15 July, at the [[Battle of Grunwald]] after one of the largest and most ferocious battles of the Middle Ages,<ref name="bojtár7"/> the allies won a victory so overwhelming that the Teutonic Order's army was virtually annihilated, with most of its key commanders killed in combat, including Grand Master [[Ulrich von Jungingen]] and Grand Marshal Friedrich von Wallenrode. Thousands of troops were reportedly slaughtered on either side.<ref name="Stone 2001 16"/>

The road to the Teutonic capital [[Malbork|Marienburg]] now lay open, the city undefended; but for reasons the sources do not explain, Władysław hesitated to pursue his advantage.<ref name="turnbull8"/> On 17 July, his army began a laboured advance, arriving at Marienburg only on 25 July, by which time the new Grand Master, [[Heinrich von Plauen]], had organised a defence of the fortress.<ref name="Stone-17"/><ref name="turnbull9"/> The apparent half-heartedness of the ensuing siege, called off by Władysław on 19 September, has been variously ascribed to the impregnability of the fortifications,<ref name=Stone-17/> high Lithuanian casualties, to Władysław's unwillingness to risk further casualties, or to his desire to keep the Order weakened but undefeated so as to not upset the balance of power between Poland (which would most likely acquire most of the Order possessions if it was totally defeated) and Lithuania; but a lack of sources precludes a definitive explanation.<ref name="jasienica2"/>

===Dissent===
[[File:Polish and Lithuanian Conflict with Prussia. 1377-1435..png|thumb|right|Polish and Lithuanian conflict with Teutonic Prussia, 1377–1434.]]
The war ended in 1411 with the [[Peace of Thorn (1411)|Peace of Thorn]], in which neither Poland nor Lithuania drove home negotiating advantages home to the full, much to the discontent of the Polish nobility. Poland regained [[Dobrzyń Land]], Lithuania regained [[Samogitia]], and [[Masovia]] regained a small territory beyond the [[Wkra]] river. Most of the Teutonic Order's territory, however, including towns that had surrendered, remained intact. Władysław then released many high-ranking Teutonic Knights and officials for apparently modest ransoms. The cumulative expense of the ransoms, however, proved a drain on the Order's resources.<ref name="cambridge10"/> This failure to exploit the victory to his nobles' satisfaction provoked growing opposition to Władysław's regime after 1411, further fueled by the granting of [[Podolia]], disputed between Poland and Lithuania, to [[Vytautas]], and by the king's two-year absence in Lithuania.<ref name="Jasienica-121"/>

In an effort to outflank his critics, Władysław promoted the leader of the opposing faction, bishop [[Mikołaj Trąba]], to the archbishopric of [[Gniezno]] in autumn 1411 and replaced him in Kraków with Vytautas supporter [[Wojciech Jastrzębiec]].<ref name="Jasienica-121"/> He also sought to create more allies in Lithuania. The [[Union of Horodło]] on 2 October 1413 decreed that the Grand Duchy of Lithuania was "tied to our Kingdom of Poland permanently and irreversibly", and granted the Catholic nobles of Lithuania privileges equal to those of Polish [[szlachta]]. The act included a clause prohibiting the Polish nobility from electing a monarch without the consent of the Lithuanian nobility, and the Lithuanian nobility from electing a grand duke without the consent of the Polish monarch.<ref name=stone-11/><ref name="dvornik11"/>

===Last conflicts===
In 1414, a sporadic new war broke out, known as the "[[Hunger War]]" from the Knights' [[scorched earth|scorched-earth]] tactics of burning fields and mills; but both the Knights and the Lithuanians were too exhausted from the previous war to risk a major battle, and the fighting petered out in the autumn.<ref name="Jasienica-121"/> Hostilities did not flare up again until 1419, during the [[Council of Constance]], when they were called off at the papal legate's insistence.<ref name="Jasienica-121"/>

The Council of Constance proved a turning point in the Teutonic crusades, as it did for several European conflicts. Vytautas sent a delegation in 1415, including the [[metropolitan of Kiev]] and Samogitian witnesses; they arrived at Constance at the end of that year to express their preference for being "baptised with water and not with blood".<ref name="housley"/> The Polish envoys, among them [[Mikołaj Trąba]], [[Zawisza Czarny]], and [[Paweł Włodkowic]], lobbied for an end to the forced conversion of heathens and to the Order's aggression against Lithuania and Poland.<ref name="kłoczowski">{{harvnb|Kłoczowski|2000|p=73}}</ref> As a result of the Polish–Lithuanian diplomacy, the council, though scandalised by Włodkowic's questioning of the legitimacy of the monastic state, denied the Order's request for a further crusade and instead entrusted the conversion of the Samogitians to Poland–Lithuania.<ref name="housley12"/>

The diplomatic context at Constance included the revolt of the Bohemian [[Hussite]]s, who looked upon Poland as an ally in their wars against [[Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor|Sigismund]], the emperor elect and new king of Bohemia. In 1421, the Bohemian Diet declared Sigismund deposed and formally offered the crown to Władysław on condition that he accept the religious principles of the [[Four Articles of Prague]], which he was not prepared to do. After Władysław's refusal, Vytautas was postulated (elected in absentia) as Bohemian king, but he assured the pope that he opposed the heretics. Between 1422 and 1428, Władysław's nephew, [[Sigismund Korybut]], attempted a regency in war-torn Bohemia, with little success.<ref name="bideleux"/> Vytautas accepted Sigismund's offer of a royal crown in 1429—apparently with Władysław's blessing—but Polish forces intercepted the crown in transit and the coronation was cancelled.<ref name=stone-11/><ref name="cambridge13"/>

In 1422, Władysław fought another war, known as the [[Gollub War]], against the Teutonic Order, defeating them in under two months before the Order's imperial reinforcements had time to arrive. The resulting [[Treaty of Melno]] ended the Knights' claims to Samogitia once and for all and defined a permanent border between Prussia and Lithuania. Lithuania was given the province of Samogitia, with the port of [[Palanga]], but the city of [[Klaipėda]] was left to the Order.<ref name=stone-11/> This border remained largely unchanged for roughly 500 years, until 1920. The terms of this treaty have, however, been seen as turning a Polish victory into defeat, as a result of Władysław's renunciation of Polish claims to Pomerania, Pomerelia, and [[Chełmno Land]], for which he received only the town of [[Nieszawa]] in return.<ref name="Jasienica-130"/> The Treaty of Melno closed a chapter in the Knights' wars with Lithuania but did little to settle their long-term issues with Poland. Further [[Polish-Teutonic War (1431–1435)|sporadic warfare]] broke out between Poland and the Knights between 1431 and 1435.

Cracks in the cooperation between Poland and Lithuania after the death of Vytautas in 1430 had offered the Knights a revived opportunity for interference in Poland. Władysław supported his brother [[Švitrigaila]] as grand duke of Lithuania,<ref name="sruogien"/> but when Švitrigaila, with the support of the Teutonic Order and dissatisfied Rus' nobles,<ref name=plokhy-98/> rebelled against Polish overlordship in Lithuania, the Poles, under the leadership of Bishop [[Zbigniew Oleśnicki (cardinal)|Zbigniew Oleśnicki]] of Kraków, occupied [[Podolia]], which Władysław had awarded to Lithuania in 1411, and [[Volhynia]].<ref name="stone-11"/> In 1432, a pro-Polish party in Lithuania elected Vytautas's brother [[Sigismund Kestutaitis|Žygimantas]] as grand duke,<ref name="sruogien"/> leading to an armed struggle over the Lithuanian succession which stuttered on for years after Władysław's death.<ref name=plokhy-98/><ref name=stone-11/>

===Succession and death===
[[File:Jagiełło sarcophagus figure.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Jagiełło's sarcophagus, [[Wawel Cathedral]]]]
At the dying request of the childless Jadwiga, he married a [[Styria]]n lady, [[Anna of Cilli|Anna of Celje]].{{sfn|Nowakowska|2019|p=x}} She died in 1416, leaving a daughter: 
* [[Hedwig Jagiellon (1408–1431)|Hedwig]] (1408–1431). 
In 1417, Władysław married [[Elisabeth of Pilica]], who died in 1420 without bearing him a child.{{sfn|Nowakowska|2019|p=xi}}<br> 
Two years later, he married [[Sophia of Halshany]]{{sfn|Nowakowska|2019|p=xi}} (niece of [[Uliana Olshanska]]), who bore him two surviving sons : 
* [[Władysław III Jagiellon|Władysław]] (1424–1444){{sfn|Nowakowska|2019|p=x}}
* [[Casimir IV Jagiellon|Casimir]] (1427–1492){{sfn|Nowakowska|2019|p=xi}} 
The death in 1431 of his daughter Hedwig (Jadwiga), the last heir of Piast blood, released Władysław to make his sons by Sophia of Halshany his heirs, though he had to placate the [[Szlachta|Polish nobility]] with concessions to ensure their agreement since the monarchy was elective. In 1427 the Polish nobles had initiated an anti-Jagiellonian movement, seeking to have Władysław and Casimir excluded from the Polish throne as they had no blood link to the previous ruling Polish dynasty, the Piasts.<ref name="Oxford">{{cite web |title=Jagiellonians Timeline |url=https://www.jagiellonians.com/jagiellonians-timeline |website=Jagiellonians.com |publisher=[[University of Oxford]] |access-date=20 April 2021 |language=en}}</ref>

During an excursion into [[Przemyśl Land]] in the 48th year of his reign, Władysław caught a cold from which he was unable to recover.<ref name="prazmowska"/><ref name="sruogien"/> He finally died in [[Grodek Jagiellonski|Grodek]] in 1434, leaving Poland to his elder son, Władysław III, and Lithuania to his younger, Casimir, both still minors at the time.<ref name="sedlar"/><ref name="rowell14"/> The Lithuanian inheritance, however, could not be taken for granted. Władysław's death ended the personal union between the two realms, and it was not clear what would take its place.<ref name="stone15"/>

==Legacy==

Władysław is depicted on the obverse of the modernized 100 [[Polish złoty]] banknote.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Narodowy Bank Polski - Internet Information Service |url=https://www.nbp.pl/homen.aspx?f=/banknoty_i_monety/banknoty_obiegowe/100zl_en.html |access-date=11 July 2022 |website=www.nbp.pl |language=en}}</ref>

The Jagiełło Oak, an ancient tree in [[Białowieża Forest]], is named in honour of the fact that he initiated the tradition of royal hunting in the area.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://emergencemagazine.org/essay/dead-wood|work=Emergence Magazine|title=Dead Wood|first=Nick|last=Hunt|date=22 January 2020|access-date=23 October 2021}}</ref>

In 2021, asteroid 2004 TP17 was officially named as Jogaila (the [[Lithuanian language]] variant of his name).<ref>{{cite web |title=Jogailos planeta skrieja Saulės sistemoje – Lenkijos siūlymas oficialiai patvirtintas |url=https://www.lrt.lt/naujienos/pasaulyje/6/1448156/jogailos-planeta-skrieja-saules-sistemoje-lenkijos-siulymas-oficialiai-patvirtintas |website=[[Lithuanian National Radio and Television]] |access-date=11 July 2021 |language=lt |date=9 July 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Five minor planets given Polish names |url=https://polandin.com/54761979/five-minor-planets-given-polish-names |website=Polandin.com |access-date=11 July 2021 |language=en |archive-date=22 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211022153822/https://polandin.com/54761979/five-minor-planets-given-polish-names |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Gallery==
<gallery widths="170px" heights="170px" perrow="5">
File:Effigy of Jogaila in the Wawel Cathedral in Krakow.jpg|[[Effigy]] of Władysław II Jagiełło at [[Wawel Cathedral]] in Kraków
File:Uładzisłaŭ Jagajła, Jadwiga Andegaweńska. Уладзіслаў Ягайла, Ядвіга Анжуйская (XVII).jpg|A 17th-century depiction of Władysław II Jagiełło and [[Jadwiga of Poland]] by the cross by [[Tommaso Dolabella]]
File:Jagajła. Ягайла (M. Godlewski, 1863).jpg|Portrait of Jagiełło holding a cross and sword, by Michał Godlewski, 1863.
File:Władysław Jagiełło (Wizerunki książąt i królów polskich).jpg|Władysław Jagiełło as depicted in Ksawery Pillati's ''Portraits of Polish Princes and Kings'', 1888
File:Wladyslaw II Jagiello (275169).jpg|''Władysław II Jagiełło'' by [[Jan Matejko]], early 1890s
File:The Wladyslaw Jagiello monument in NYC 8.jpg|[[King Jagiello Monument]], Central Park, New York
File:PomnikGrunwaldzki-PlacMatejki-POL, Kraków.jpg|[[Grunwald Monument]], Kraków
</gallery>

==Family tree==
{{Main|Family relations of Jogaila}}
{{Hidden begin
| expanded = yes otherwise omit-->
| border = 1px solid #667766
| style =
| titlestyle = text-align:center; background: #ccddcc;
| title = '''Family tree of Jogaila/Władysław II Jagiello<ref name="home"/>'''
}}
{| width="100%" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Gediminas]]<br />b. c. 1275 <br />d. 1341
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" | [[Jewna]]<br />b. c. 1280 <br />d. 1344
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" | [[Alexander I of Tver]]<br />b. 1301 <br />d. 22 October 1339
| colspan="2" |
| colspan="2" | Anastasia of [[Halych]]
|-
| style="border-right:1px black solid;" | &nbsp;
| colspan="4" style="border-bottom:1px black solid; border-right:1px black solid;" | &nbsp;
| colspan="4" style="" | &nbsp;
| colspan="4" style="border-bottom:1px black solid; border-left:1px black solid;" | &nbsp;
| style="border-left:1px black solid;" | &nbsp;
|-
| colspan="3" | &nbsp;
| colspan="8" style="border-left:1px black solid; border-right:1px black solid;" | &nbsp;
| colspan="3" | &nbsp;
|-
| colspan="2" | &nbsp;
| colspan="2" | [[Algirdas]]<br />b. c. 1296 <br />d. May 1377
| colspan="6" |
| colspan="2" | [[Uliana Alexandrovna of Tver]]<br />b. c. 1330 <br />d. 1392
| colspan="2" |
|-
| colspan="3" style="border-right:1px black solid;" | &nbsp;
| colspan="8" style="border-bottom:1px black solid;" | &nbsp;
| colspan="3" style="border-left:1px black solid;" | &nbsp;
|-
| colspan="7" style="border-right:1px black solid;" | &nbsp;
| colspan="7" | &nbsp;
|-
| width="7.14%"|
| width="7.14%"|
| width="7.14%"|
| width="7.14%"|
| width="7.14%"|
| width="7.14%"|
| width="7.14%"|
| width="7.14%"|
| width="7.14%"|
| width="7.14%"|
| width="7.14%"|
| width="7.14%"|
| width="7.14%"|
| width="7.14%"|
|-
|}
<!-- Wives and children -->
{| style="width:100%; text-align:center; vertical-align:top;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
| colspan="2" | 1<br /> [[Jadwiga I of Poland]]<br />b. 1374 <br />d. 17 July 1399 <br /><span style="letter-spacing: -6pt;">OO</span> &nbsp;&nbsp;18 Feb 1386
| colspan="2" | 2<br /> [[Anne of Cilli]]<br />b. 1380/81 <br />d. 21 May 1416 <br /><span style="letter-spacing: -6pt;">OO</span> &nbsp;&nbsp;29 Jan 1402
| colspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle;" | '''Jogaila/Władysław II Jagiełło'''<br />b. c. 1351 <br />d. 1 June 1434
| colspan="2" | 3<br /> [[Elisabeth of Pilica]]<br />b. 1372 <br />d. 12 May 1420 <br /><span style="letter-spacing: -6pt;">OO</span> &nbsp;&nbsp;2 May 1417
| colspan="2" | 4<br /> [[Sophia of Halshany]]<br />b. c. 1405 <br />d. 21 September 1461 <br /><span style="letter-spacing: -6pt;">OO</span> &nbsp;&nbsp;7 Feb 1422
|-
| style="width:10%;"| &nbsp;
| style="width:10%;"| &nbsp;
| style="width:10%;"| &nbsp;
| style="width:10%;"| &nbsp;
| style="width:10%;"| &nbsp;
| style="width:10%;border-left:1px solid black;"| &nbsp;
| style="width:10%;"| &nbsp;
| style="width:10%;"| &nbsp;
| style="width:10%;"| &nbsp;
| style="width:10%;"| &nbsp;
|- style="text-align:left;"
| style="width:10%;"| &nbsp;
| style="width:10%;border-left:1px solid black;border-top:1px solid black;"| &nbsp;1
| style="width:10%;border-top:1px solid black;"| &nbsp;
| style="width:10%;border-left:1px solid black;border-top:1px solid black;"| &nbsp;2
| style="width:10%;border-top:1px solid black;"| &nbsp;
| style="width:10%;border-left:1px solid black;border-top:1px solid black;"| &nbsp;4
| style="width:10%;border-top:1px solid black;"| &nbsp;
| style="width:10%;border-left:1px solid black;border-top:1px solid black;"| &nbsp;4
| style="width:10%;border-top:1px solid black;"| &nbsp;
| style="width:10%;border-left:1px solid black;"| &nbsp;4
|- style="vertical-align:top;"
| colspan="2" | Elizabeth Bonifacia<br />&nbsp;b. 22 June 1399 <br />&nbsp;d. 13 July 1399 <br />&nbsp;
| colspan="2" | [[Hedwig Jagiellon (1408–1431)|Hedwig]] <br />&nbsp;b. 8 April 1408 <br />&nbsp;d. 8 December 1431 <br />&nbsp;
| colspan="2" | [[Władysław III of Poland|Władysław III]] <br />&nbsp;b. 31 October 1424 <br />&nbsp;d. 10 November 1444 <br />&nbsp;
| colspan="2" | Casimir <br />&nbsp;b. 16 May 1426 <br />&nbsp;d. 2 March 1427 <br />&nbsp;
| colspan="2" | [[Casimir IV Jagiellon|Casimir IV]] <br />&nbsp;b. 30 November 1427 <br />&nbsp;d. 7 June 1492 <br />&nbsp;
|-
|}
{{hidden bottom}}

==See also==
* [[History of Lithuania]]
* [[History of Poland (1385–1569)]]
* [[Names and titles of Władysław II Jagiełło]]
* {{MoMP|202093|Naming citation}} for Jovian asteroid [[202093 Jogaila]]
* [[List of Lithuanian rulers]]
* [[King Jagiello Monument]]
* [[List of Poles#Royalty|List of Poles]]
* [[Monument to Jadwiga and Jagiełło in Kraków]]

==Notes==
{{reflist|group=nb}}

==Footnotes==
<!--This article uses the Cite.php citation mechanism. If you would like more information on how to add references to this article, please see http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Cite/Cite.php -->
{{reflist|refs=
<ref name="bideleux">{{harvnb|Bideleux|1998|pp=233–235}}; {{harvnb|Turnbull|McBride|2004|pp=11–12}}</ref>

<!--
<ref name="Bocz">{{Harvnb|Boczkowska|2011|p=27}}</ref>
-->

<ref name="bojtár">{{Harvnb|Bojtár|1999|p=182}}</ref>

<ref name="bojtár1">{{Harvnb|Bojtár|1999|p=181}}</ref>

<ref name="bojtár7">{{harvnb|Bojtár|1999|p=182}}; {{harvnb|Turnbull|2003|p=7}}</ref>

<ref name="Bojtar">{{Harvnb|Bojtár|1999|pp=180–186}}</ref>

<ref name="cambridge">''New Cambridge Medieval History'', 348.</ref>

<ref name="cambridge10">''New Cambridge Medieval History'', 364.</ref>

<ref name="cambridge13">''New Cambridge Medieval History'', 353.</ref>

<ref name="delbrück">{{harvnb|Delbrück|1990|p=526}}</ref>

<ref name="dvornik">{{harvnb|Dvornik|1992|p=129}}</ref>

<ref name="Dvornik">{{harvnb|Dvornik|1992|pp=222–225}}</ref>

<ref name="dvornik4">{{harvnb|Dvornik|1992|p=344}}</ref>

<ref name="dvornik11">{{harvnb|Dvornik|1992|pp=342–343}}; ''New Cambridge Medieval History'', 775–776.</ref>

<ref name="home">{{harvnb|Jurzak|2006}}</ref>

<ref name="housley">{{harvnb|Housley|1992|p=361}}; {{harvnb|Rowell|2000|p=733}}</ref>

<ref name="Housley">{{harvnb|Housley|1992|p=354}}</ref>

<ref name="housley12">{{harvnb|Housley|1992|pp=351–361}}</ref>

<ref name="Jasienica">{{harvnb|Jasienica|1988|pp=80–146}}</ref>

<ref name="jasienica2">{{harvnb|Jasienica|1988|pp=113–120}}</ref>

<ref name="Jasienica-103">{{harvnb|Jasienica|1988|pp=103–105}}</ref>

<ref name="Jasienica-106">{{harvnb|Jasienica|1988|pp=106–107}}</ref>

<ref name="Jasienica-108">{{harvnb|Jasienica|1988|p=108}}</ref>

<ref name="Jasienica-110">{{harvnb|Jasienica|1988|p=110}}</ref>

<ref name="Jasienica-121">{{harvnb|Jasienica|1988|pp=121–124}}</ref>

<ref name="Jasienica-130">{{harvnb|Jasienica|1988|p=130}}</ref>

<ref name="Jasienica-legal">{{harvnb|Jasienica|1988|pp=74–80}}</ref>

<ref name="Jones">{{harvnb|Rowell|2000|pp=709–712}}</ref>

<ref name="lukowski">{{harvnb|Lukowski|Zawadzki|2001|p=42}}</ref>

<ref name="lukowski2">{{harvnb|Lukowski|Zawadzki|2001|p=37}}</ref>

<ref name="lukowski3">{{harvnb|Lukowski|Zawadzki|2001|p=41}}; {{harvnb|Stone|2001|p=8}}</ref>

<ref name="magocsi">{{harvnb|Magocsi|1996|p=134}}</ref>

<ref name="Mick">{{Harvnb|Mickūnaitė|1999|p=157}}</ref>

<ref name="plokhy">{{Harvnb|Plokhy|2006|p=46}}</ref>

<ref name="plokhy-98">{{harvnb|Plokhy|2006|p=98}}</ref>

<ref name="prazmowska">{{harvnb|Prazmowska|2011|p=72}}</ref>

<ref name="rowell">{{harvnb|Rowell|2000|p=732}}</ref>

<ref name="rowell14">{{harvnb|Rowell|2000|p=711}}</ref>

<ref name="Śląsk">{{Harvnb|Polska Piastów|2005}}</ref>

<ref name="sedlar">{{harvnb|Sedlar|1994|p=282}}</ref>

<ref name="Sedlar">{{harvnb|Sedlar|1994|p=388}}</ref>

<ref name="sruogien">{{Harvnb|Sruogienė-Sruoga|1987}}</ref>

<ref name="stone">{{Harvnb|Stone|2001|p=4}}</ref>

<ref name="stone5">{{harvnb|Stone|2001|p=10}}</ref>

<ref name="stone-11">{{harvnb|Stone|2001|p=11}}</ref>

<ref name="stone15">{{harvnb|Stone|2001|p=22}}</ref>

<ref name="Stone-17">{{harvnb|Stone|2001|p=17}}</ref>

<ref name="Stone 2001 16">{{harvnb|Stone|2001|p=16}}</ref>

<ref name="turnbull">{{harvnb|Turnbull|2004|p=22}}</ref>

<ref name="turnbull6">{{harvnb|Turnbull|2003|pp=32–33}}</ref>

<ref name="turnbull8">{{harvnb|Turnbull|2003|p=7}}</ref>

<ref name="turnbull9">{{harvnb|Turnbull|2003|p=73}}</ref>
}}

==References==
{{Refbegin|30em}}
* {{Citation |last=Bideleux |first=Robert |year=1998 |title=A History of Eastern Europe: Crisis and Change |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-415-16111-4 }}
* {{Citation |last=Boczkowska |first=Anna |year=2011 |title=Sarkofag Władysława II Jagiełły i Donatello |publisher=Słowo/obraz terytoria |location=Gdansk |isbn=978-8-374-53799-5 |language=pl}}
* {{Citation |last=Bojtár |first=Endre |year=1999 |others=translated by Walter J. Renfroe |title=Foreword to the Past: A Cultural History of the Baltic People |location=Budapest |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Er1_CwAAQBAJ |publisher=Central European University Press |isbn=978-963-9116-42-9 }}
* {{Citation |last=Delbrück |first=Hans |year=1990 |title=The Barbarian Invasions: History of the Art of War |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hdh4Elj-3WEC&pg=PA526 |publisher=University of Nebraska Press |isbn=978-0-8032-6447-2 }}
* {{Citation| last=Deveike |first=Jone |year=1950 | title=The Lithuanian Diarchies | journal=The Slavonic and East European Review |volume=28 |issue=71 |pages=392–405}}
* {{Citation |author-link=Jan Długosz |last=Długosz |first=Jan |title=The Annals of Jan Dlugosz |others=translated and abridged by Maurice Michael |publisher=IM Publications |year=1997 |isbn=978-1-901019-00-1 }}
* {{Citation |author-link=Jan Drabina |last=Drabina |first=Jan |year=1994 |title=Die Religionspolitik von König Wladyslaw Jagiello im polnisch-litauischen Reich in den Jahren 1385–1434 |journal=Zeitschrift für Ostforschung |volume=43 |issue=2 |pages=161–173 |issn=0044-3239 |language=de}}
* {{Citation |last=Dvornik |first=Francis |year=1992 |title=The Slavs in European History and Civilization |publisher=Rutgers University Press |isbn=978-0-8135-0799-6 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/slavsineuropeanh0000dvor_f9h0 }}
* {{Citation |last=Housley |first=Norman |year=1992 |title=The Later Crusades 1274–1580: From Lyons to Alcazar |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-822136-4 }}
* {{Citation |last1=Jakštas |first1=J. |first2=Z. |last2=Ivinskis |first3=S. |last3=Sužiedėlis |first4=A. |last4=Šapoka |first5=P. |last5=Šležas |year=1935 |title=Jogaila |publisher=redagavo A. Šapoka |location=Kaunas |language=lt}}
* {{Citation |author-link=Paweł Jasienica |last=Jasienica |first=Paweł |year=1988 |title=Polska Jagiellonów |location=Warsaw |publisher=Państwowy Instytut Wydawniczy |isbn=978-83-06-01796-0 |language=pl}}
* {{Citation |last=Jurzak |first=Ryszard |year=2006 |url=http://genealog.home.pl/ |title=Władysław II Jagiełło |work=Dynastic Genealogy |access-date=27 September 2006 }}
* {{Citation |last1=Karwasińska |first1=Jadwiga |first2=Ignacy |last2=Zakrzewski |name-list-style=amp |year=1892 |title=Lites ac res gestae inter Polonos Ordinemque Cruciferorum |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TfQKAAAAIAAJ |location=Warsaw |publisher=[[Kórnik Library|Bibliotheca Cornicensis]] }} {{in lang|pl|la}}
* {{Citation |last=Kłoczowski |first=Jerzy |year=2000 |title=A History of Polish Christianity |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ecdye8hk_tgC&pg=PA55 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-36429-4 }}
* {{Citation |last=Kosman |first=Marceli |year=1976 |title=Drogi zaniku pogaństwa u Bałtów |location=Wrocław |publisher=[[Ossolineum|Zakład Narodowy im. Ossolińskich]] |language=pl}}
* {{Citation |last=Kosman |first=Marceli |year=1987 |title=Jagiełło królem Polski: z dziejów unii Polski i Litwy |location=Warsaw |publisher=Wydawnictwa Szkolne i Pedagogiczne (WSiP) |isbn=978-83-02-03292-9 |language=pl}}
* {{Citation |last1=Lukowski |first1=Jerzy |first2=Hubert |last2=Zawadzki |name-list-style=amp |year=2001 |title=A Concise History of Poland |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-55917-1 }}
* {{Citation |last=Magocsi |first=Paul Robert |year=1996 |title=A History of Ukraine |publisher=University of Toronto Press |isbn=978-0-8020-7820-9 }}
* {{Citation |last=Meyendorff |first=John |year=1989 |edition=Reprint |title=Byzantium and the Rise of Russia |publisher=Vladimir's Seminary Press |location=Crestwood, NY |isbn=978-0-88141-079-2 }}
* {{Citation |last=Mickūnaitė |first=Giedrė |year=1999 |chapter=From Pamphlet to Origin Theory |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Nl0_nXQD5i4C&pg=PA157 |title=The Medieval Chronicle: Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on the Medieval Chronicle |editor-first=Erik Simon |editor-last=Kooper |publisher=Rodopi |location=Amsterdam |isbn=978-90-420-0834-2 }}
* {{Citation |last=O'Connor |first=Kevin |year=2003 |title=A History of the Baltic States |publisher=Greenwood Press |isbn=978-0-313-32355-3 }}
* {{cite book |editor-last=Nowakowska |editor-first=Natalia |title=Remembering the Jagiellonians |publisher=Routledge |year=2019 |isbn=978-1-138-56239-4 }}
* {{Citation |last=Plokhy |first=Serhii |year=2006 |title=The Origins of the Slavic Nations: Premodern Identities in Russia, Ukraine, and Belarus |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-86403-9 }}
* {{Citation |last=Potašenko |first=Grigorijus |year=2008 |title=Multinational Lithuania: history of ethnic minorities |publisher=Šviesa |isbn=9785430052508}}
* {{Citation |last=Prazmowska|first=Anita J.|year=2011|title=A History of Poland: Second Edition|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|isbn=978-0230345379}}
* {{Citation |last=Rogalski |first=Leon |year=1846 |title=Dzieje Krzyżaków (History of the Teutonic Knights) |location=Warsaw |publisher=[[Samuel Orgelbrand]] |language=pl}}
* {{Citation |last=Rowell |first=S. C. |year=2000 |chapter=Baltic Europe |title=The New Cambridge Medieval History VI |editor-first=Michael |editor-last=Jones |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-36290-0 }}
* {{Citation |last=Rowell |first=S. C. |year=1994 |title=Lithuania Ascending: A Pagan Empire Within East-central Europe, 1295–1345 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-45011-9 }}
* {{Citation |last=Sedlar |first=Jean W. |year=1994 |title=East Central Europe in the Middle Ages, 1000–1500 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ANdbpi1WAIQC&pg=PA388 |location=Seattle |publisher=University of Washington Press |isbn=978-0-295-97290-9 }}
* {{Citation |url=http://www.piastowie.kei.pl/piast2/slask.htm |title=Śląsk w polityce Piastów ("Silesia within the policies of the Piasts") |publisher=Polska Piastów |year=2005 |access-date=9 August 2006 |language=pl |ref={{harvid|Polska Piastów|2005}} |archive-date=18 October 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061018023543/http://piastowie.kei.pl/piast2/slask.htm |url-status=dead }}
* {{Citation |last=Sruogienė-Sruoga |first=Vanda |url=http://www.lituanus.org/1987/87_4_04.htm |title=Jogaila (1350–1434) |journal=Lituanus |volume=33 |issue=4 |year=1987 |access-date=25 January 2007 |archive-date=20 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200920023112/http://www.lituanus.org/1987/87_4_04.htm |url-status=dead }}
* {{Citation |last=Stone |first=Daniel Z. |year=2001 |title=The Polish-Lithuanian State, 1386–1795 |location=Seattle |publisher=University of Washington Press |isbn=978-0-295-98093-5 }}
* {{Citation |last=Tęgowski |first=Jan |year=1999 |title=Pierwsze pokolenia Giedyminowiczow |location=Poznań-Wrocław |publisher=Wydawn. Historyczne |isbn=978-83-913563-1-9 |language=pl}}
* {{Citation |last=Turnbull |first=Stephen |year=2003 |title=Tannenberg 1410: Disaster for the Teutonic Knights |publisher=Osprey |isbn=978-1-84176-561-7 }}
* {{Citation |last=Turnbull |first=Stephen |year=2004 |title=Crusader Castles of the Teutonic Knights (2): Baltic Stone Castles 1184–1560 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=F3wzkSHR4j4C&pg=PA22 |publisher=Osprey Publishing |isbn=978-1-84176-712-3 }}
* {{Citation |last1=Turnbull |first1=Stephen |first2=Angus |last2=McBride |name-list-style=amp |year=2004 |title=The Hussite Wars: 1419–36 |publisher=Osprey Publishing |isbn=978-1-84176-665-2 }}
{{Refend}}

{{Commons category|Wladislaus II of Poland}}

{{s-start}}
{{s-hou|[[Jagiellon dynasty]]||c. 1351/1362|1 June|1434|[[Gediminid dynasty]]}}
{{s-reg}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Algirdas]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Grand Duke of Lithuania]]|years=1377–1381}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Kęstutis]]}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Kęstutis]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Grand Duke of Lithuania]]|years=1382–1392}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Vytautas]]}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Jadwiga of Poland|Jadwiga]]|as=sole monarch}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[King of Poland]]|years=1386–1434|regent1=[[Jadwiga of Poland|Jadwiga]]|years1=1386–1399}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Władysław III of Varna|Władysław III]]}}
{{s-end}}

{{Monarchs of Poland}}
{{Monarchs of Lithuania}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Wladyslaw 02 Jagiello}}
[[Category:14th-century births]]
[[Category:1434 deaths]]
[[Category:Year of birth uncertain]]
[[Category:14th-century Polish monarchs]]
[[Category:15th-century Polish monarchs]]
[[Category:Adult adoptees]]
[[Category:Burials at Wawel Cathedral]]
[[Category:Converts to Roman Catholicism from pagan religions]]
[[Category:Gediminids]]
[[Category:Grand dukes of Lithuania]]
[[Category:Jagiellonian dynasty]]
[[Category:Kings of Poland]]
[[Category:Remarried jure uxoris kings]]
[[Category:Jure uxoris kings]]
[[Category:Lithuanian former pagans]]
[[Category:Lithuanian Roman Catholics]]
[[Category:Order of the Dragon]]
[[Category:People from Vilnius]]
[[Category:People in the Battle of Grunwald]]
[[Category:Polish Roman Catholics]]