Editing Volvo

{{Short description|Swedish multinational manufacturing company}}
{{About|the Volvo Group (AB Volvo)|the separate manufacturer of passenger automobiles|Volvo Cars|other uses}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2024}}
{{Infobox company
| logo               = [[File:Volvo-Spread-Word-Mark-Black.svg|frameless|class=skin-invert]]
| name               = AB Volvo
| industry           = [[Automotive industry|Automotive]]
| type               = ''[[Aktiebolag]]''
| traded_as          = {{OMX|SSE365|VOLV A}}, {{OMX|SSE366|VOLV B}}<br>[[OMX Stockholm 30]]
| ISIN               = {{ISIN|sl=n|pl=y|SE0000115446}}
| foundation         = {{start date and age|df=yes|1927}}
| founders           = [[Assar Gabrielsson]] and [[Gustav Larson]]
| location           = [[Gothenburg]], Sweden
| area_served        = Worldwide
| products           = [[Trucks]], [[buses]], [[construction equipment]], marine and industrial engines, customer financing, insurance and related services, product related services
| brands             = {{Unbulleted list
  | Volvo, [[Volvo Penta]], Rokbak, [[Renault Trucks]], [[Prevost Car|Prevost]], [[Nova Bus]], [[Mack Trucks|Mack]] (group brands)
  | [[Eicher Motors#Group structure|Eicher]], Dongfeng Truck, [[SDLG]], Milence, Cellcentric (partnership brands)
}}
| key_people         = {{ubl
  | [[Carl-Henric Svanberg]] ([[Chairman]])
  | [[Martin Lundstedt]] ([[President (corporate title)|President]] & [[Chief executive officer|CEO]])
}}
| revenue            = {{decrease}} {{SEK|526.816 billion|link=yes}}
| revenue_year       = 2024
| operating_income   = {{decrease}} {{SEK|66.611 billion}}
| income_year        = 2024
| net_income         = {{increase}} {{SEK|50.576 billion}}
| net_income_year    = 2024
| assets             = {{increase}} {{SEK|714.564 billion}}
| assets_year        = 2024
| equity             = {{increase}} {{SEK|197.361 billion}}
| equity_year        = 2024
| owners             = {{Bulleted list
  | AB Industrivärden (9.4%; 28.0% votes)
  | [[Geely]] (4.4%; 14.7% votes)
}}
| num_employees      = {{decrease}} 102,000
| num_employees_year = 2024
| subsid             = {{Unbulleted list
  | [[Volvo Trucks]]
  | [[Mack Trucks]]
  | [[Renault Trucks]]
  | [[Volvo Construction Equipment]]
  | [[Volvo Buses]]
  | [[Volvo Penta]]
  | [[Volvo Financial Services]]
  | VE Commercial Vehicles Limited (50%)
}}
| homepage           = {{URL|https://www.volvogroup.com/}}
| footnotes          = <ref name="AR2024">{{cite web |url=https://www.volvogroup.com/content/dam/volvo-group/markets/master/events/2025/annual-reports/volvo-group-annual-report-2024.pdf |title=Annual Report 2024 |publisher=AB Volvo |pages=6,35,38-39,59 |access-date=15 April 2025}}</ref><ref group="note">It includes financial information attributable to both AB Volvo proper and its consolidated and non-consolidated affiliates (such as subsidiaries and joint ventures), collectively known as the Volvo Group.</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=The foundations of Volvo Group | website=Volvo Group | date=14 April 1927 | url=https://www.volvogroup.com/en/about-us/heritage/story-of-volvo.html | access-date=12 December 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=La historia de Volvo | website=Auto Bild España | date=17 November 2013 | url=https://www.autobild.es/coches/volvo | language=es | access-date=12 December 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=La historia de Volvo | website=Todas las noticias de coches| date=23 February 2010 | url=https://noticias.coches.com/historia/la-historia-de-volvo/9411 | language=es | access-date=12 December 2023}}</ref>
}}

The '''Volvo Group''' ({{langx|sv|Volvokoncernen}}; legally '''Aktiebolaget Volvo''', shortened to '''AB Volvo''', stylized as '''VOLVO''') is a Swedish multinational manufacturing corporation headquartered in [[Gothenburg]]. While its core activity is the production, distribution and sale of trucks, buses and construction equipment, Volvo also supplies marine and industrial drive systems and financial services. In 2016, it was the world's second-largest manufacturer of heavy-duty trucks with its subsidiary [[Volvo Trucks]].<ref name="AR2016">{{cite web |url=http://www.volvogroup.com/content/dam/volvo/volvo-group/markets/global/en-en/investors/reports-and-presentations/annual-reports/annual-and-sustainability-report-2016.pdf |page=1 |title=Annual and Sustainability Report 2016 |publisher=Volvo |access-date=8 June 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170702031810/http://www.volvogroup.com/content/dam/volvo/volvo-group/markets/global/en-en/investors/reports-and-presentations/annual-reports/annual-and-sustainability-report-2016.pdf |archive-date=2 July 2017 |url-status=live  }}</ref>

Volvo was founded in 1927. Initially involved in the automobile industry, Volvo expanded into other manufacturing sectors throughout the twentieth century. Automobile manufacturer [[Volvo Cars]], also based in Gothenburg, was part of AB Volvo until 1999, when it was sold to the [[Ford Motor Company]]. Since 2010 Volvo Cars has been owned by the automotive company [[Geely Holding Group]]. Both AB Volvo and Volvo Cars share the Volvo logo and cooperate in running the [[Volvo Museum]] in Gothenburg, Sweden.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Home |url=https://volvomuseum.com/ |access-date=28 October 2023 |website=Volvo Museum |language=en}}</ref>

The corporation was first listed on the [[Stockholm Stock Exchange]] in 1935, and was listed on the American [[NASDAQ]] from 1985 to 2007.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.thestar.com/business/2007/06/14/volvo_to_quit_nasdaq.html |title=Volvo to quit Nasdaq |work=Toronto Star |date=14 June 2007 |access-date=15 June 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171020163014/https://www.thestar.com/business/2007/06/14/volvo_to_quit_nasdaq.html |archive-date=20 October 2017 |url-status=live  }}</ref> Volvo is one of Sweden's largest companies by market capitalisation and revenue.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Largest Swedish companies by market capitalization |url=https://companiesmarketcap.com/sweden/largest-companies-in-sweden-by-market-cap/ |access-date=28 October 2023 |website=companiesmarketcap.com |language=en-us}}</ref>

==History==
===Early years and international expansion===
[[File:Volvo ÖV4 1927.jpg|thumb|The first Volvo car, a [[Volvo ÖV 4]], left the assembly line on 14 April 1927.]]
The brand name ''Volvo'' was originally registered as a trademark in May 1911, with the intention to be used for a new series of [[SKF]] [[ball bearings]]. It means "I roll" in [[Latin]], conjugated from "volvere". The idea was short-lived, and SKF decided to simply use its initials as the trademark for all its bearing products.<ref name="B2">{{cite book |last=Pederson |first=Jay P. |chapter=AB Volvo |title=International Directory of Company Histories |volume=67 |date=June 2005 |publisher=St. James Press |pages=[https://archive.org/details/internationaldir0000unse_r9u7/page/378 378–383] |isbn=978-1-5586-2512-9 |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/internationaldir0000unse_r9u7/page/378 }}</ref>

In 1924, [[Assar Gabrielsson]], an SKF sales manager, and [[Gustav Larson]], a [[KTH Royal Institute of Technology|KTH]] educated engineer, decided to start construction of a Swedish car. They intended to build cars that could withstand the rigours of the country's rough roads and cold temperatures.<ref name="volvo.com">{{cite web |url=http://www.volvogroup.com/GROUP/GLOBAL/EN-GB/VOLVO%20GROUP/HISTORY/OURHISTORY/PAGES/HISTORY_TIMELINE.ASPX |title=History time-line : Volvo Group – Global |publisher=Volvo |access-date=12 June 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110620234834/http://www.volvogroup.com/GROUP/GLOBAL/EN-GB/VOLVO%20GROUP/HISTORY/OURHISTORY/PAGES/HISTORY_TIMELINE.ASPX |archive-date=20 June 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

AB Volvo began activities on 10 August 1926. After one year of preparations involving the production of ten prototypes, the firm was ready to commence the car-manufacturing business within the SKF group. The Volvo Group itself considers it started in 1927, when the first car, a [[Volvo ÖV 4]], rolled off the production line at the factory in [[Hisingen]], Gothenburg.<ref>{{cite web |author=Volvo Group Global |url=http://www.volvo.com/group/global/en-gb/Volvo+Group/history/history.htm |title=Volvo 80 years |publisher=Volvo |access-date=6 November 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091022223128/http://www.volvo.com/group/global/en-gb/volvo+group/history/history.htm |archive-date=22 October 2009 |url-status=live  }}</ref> Only 280 cars were built that year.<ref name=georgano>[[Georgano, G. N.]] ''Cars: Early and Vintage, 1886–1930''. (London: Grange-Universal, 1985) {{ISBN|9781590844915}}</ref> The first truck, the "Series 1", debuted in January 1928, as an immediate success and attracted attention outside the country.<ref name="B2"/> In 1930, Volvo sold 639 cars,<ref name=georgano/> and the export of trucks to Europe started soon after; the cars did not become well known outside Sweden until after [[World War II]].<ref name=georgano/> AB Volvo was introduced at the [[Stockholm Stock Exchange]] in 1935 and SKF then decided to sell its shares in the company. By 1942, Volvo acquired the Swedish precision engineering company [[Volvo Aero|Svenska Flygmotor]] (later renamed as Volvo Aero).<ref name="B2"/>

Pentaverken, which had manufactured engines for Volvo, was acquired in 1935, providing a secure supply of engines and entry into the marine engine market.<ref name="PentaHistory">{{cite web | url = http://www.volvopenta.com/VOLVOPENTA/GLOBAL/EN-GB/OUR_COMPANY/HISTORY/Pages/1930.aspx | title = 1930 – History: Volvo Penta | access-date = 28 November 2013 | publisher = Volvo Penta | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131203021457/http://www.volvopenta.com/VOLVOPENTA/GLOBAL/EN-GB/OUR_COMPANY/HISTORY/Pages/1930.aspx | archive-date = 3 December 2013 | url-status = dead | df = dmy-all }}</ref>

The first bus, named B1, was launched in 1934, and aircraft engines were added to the growing range of products at the beginning of the 1940s. Volvo was also responsible for producing the [[Stridsvagn m/42]]. In 1963, Volvo opened the [[Volvo Halifax Assembly]] plant, the first assembly plant in the company's history outside of Sweden in [[City of Halifax|Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada]].

In 1950, Volvo acquired the Swedish [[Construction equipment|construction]] and [[agricultural equipment]] manufacturer [[Bolinder-Munktell]].<ref name=WG>{{cite book |editor1-last=Pyka |editor1-first=Andreas |editor2-last=Burghof |editor2-first=Hans-Peter |title=Innovation and Finance |chapter=Automotive dinamics in regional economies |last=Eliasson |first=G |page=130 |year=2013 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-135-08491-2 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3WodAAAAQBAJ&q=Bolinder-Munktell+Volvo+CE&pg=PA130 |access-date=21 October 2020 |archive-date=6 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230406043916/https://books.google.com/books?id=3WodAAAAQBAJ&q=Bolinder-Munktell+Volvo+CE&pg=PA130 |url-status=live }}</ref> Bolinder-Munktell was renamed as Volvo BM in 1973.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.agrarszektor.hu/gepek/heccbol_tamasztottak_fel_a_volvo_hires_traktormarkajat.6744.html |title=Heccből támasztották fel a Volvo híres traktormárkáját |publisher=Agrarszektor.hu |language=hu |date=6 January 2017 |access-date=14 June 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170107161018/http://www.agrarszektor.hu/gepek/heccbol_tamasztottak_fel_a_volvo_hires_traktormarkajat.6744.html |archive-date=7 January 2017 |url-status=live  }}</ref> In 1979, Volvo BM's agricultural equipment business was sold to [[Valtra|Valmet]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.mechaman.nl/landbouwmechanisatie/2016/10/24/zo-zou-de-volvo-bm-er-nu-uit-kunnen-zien/ |title=Zo zou de Volvo BM er nu uit kunnen zien |publisher=Mechaman.nl |language=nl |date=24 October 2016 |access-date=15 June 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171020163021/https://www.mechaman.nl/landbouwmechanisatie/2016/10/24/zo-zou-de-volvo-bm-er-nu-uit-kunnen-zien/ |archive-date=20 October 2017 |url-status=live  }}</ref> Later, through restructuring and acquisitions, the remaining construction equipment business became [[Volvo Construction Equipment]].<ref name=WG/>

In the 1970s, Volvo started to move away from car manufacturing to concentrate more on heavy commercial vehicles. The car division focused on models aimed at upper middle-class customers to improve its profitability.<ref name=diver/>

===Partnerships and merging attempts===
In 1977, Volvo tried to combine operations with rival Swedish automotive group [[Saab-Scania]], but the latter company rejected it.<ref name="B2"/>

Between 1978<ref name="B2"/> and 1981, Volvo acquired [[Beijerinvest]], a trading company involved in the oil, food, and finance businesses. In 1981, those sectors represented about three quarters of Volvo's revenue, while the automotive sector amounted for most of the rest. In 1982, the company completed the acquisition of [[White Motor Corporation]]'s assets.<ref name=diver/>

In the early 1970s, French manufacturer [[Renault]] and Volvo started to collaborate.<ref name=R1985/> In 1978, [[Volvo Cars|Volvo Car Corporation]] was spun off as a separate company within the Volvo group<ref>{{cite book |last=Styhre |first=Alexander |title=The Innovative Bureaucracy: Bureaucracy in an Age of Fluidity |date=2007 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-203-96433-0 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TW99AgAAQBAJ&q=Volvo&pg=PT204 |access-date=21 October 2020 |archive-date=6 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230406043917/https://books.google.com/books?id=TW99AgAAQBAJ&q=Volvo&pg=PT204 |url-status=live }}</ref> and Renault acquired a minority stake,<ref name="B2"/> before selling it back in the 1980s after a restructuring.<ref name=R1985/> In the 1990s, Renault and Volvo deepened their collaboration and both companies partnered in purchasing, research and development and quality control while increasing their cross-ownership. Renault would assist Volvo with entry-level and medium segment vehicles and in return, Volvo would share technology with Renault in upper segments. In 1993, a 1994 Volvo-Renault merger deal was announced. The deal was barely accepted in France, but it was opposed in Sweden, and the Volvo shareholders and company board voted against it.<ref name="B2"/><ref name=R1985>{{cite journal |date=2004 |url=http://www.cddc.vt.edu/digitalfordism/fordism_materials/Donnelly.pdf |last1=Donnelly |first1=Tom |last2=Donnelly |first2=Tim |last3=Morris |first3=David |title=Renault 1985–2000: From bankruptcy to profit |issue=30 |series=Working papers (Caen Innovation Marché Entreprise) |oclc=799704146 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060920122519/http://www.cddc.vt.edu/digitalfordism/fordism_materials/Donnelly.pdf |archive-date=20 September 2006}}</ref> The alliance was officially dissolved in February 1994 and Volvo sold off its minority Renault stake in 1997.<ref name="B2"/> In the 1990s, Volvo also divested from most of its activities outside vehicles and engines.<ref name="B2"/>

In 1991, the Volvo Group participated in a joint venture with Japanese automaker [[Mitsubishi Motors]]  at the former [[DAF Trucks#Car business|DAF]] plant in [[Sittard-Geleen#Born|Born]], Netherlands. The operation, branded [[NedCar]], began producing the first generation [[Mitsubishi Carisma]] alongside the [[Volvo S40|Volvo S40/V40]] in 1996.<ref name="awr">[http://www.automotiveworld.com/VMSI/about.asp?profileid=4 Mitsubishi Motors Corporation Vehicle Manufacturer Strategic Insight] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090223231158/http://automotiveworld.com/VMSI/about.asp?profileid=4 |date=23 February 2009 }}, Automotive World (subscription required)</ref><ref name="nedcar_history">{{cite web |url=http://www.nedcar.nl/content/view/19/34/lang,en/ |title=Once upon a time..." History, Nedcar.nl website |publisher=Nedcar.nl |date=1 May 2006 |access-date=16 May 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070729195627/http://www.nedcar.nl/content/view/19/34/lang,en/ |archive-date=29 July 2007 }}</ref> During the 1990s, Volvo also partnered with the American manufacturer [[General Motors]]. In 1999, the [[European Union]] blocked a merger with [[Scania AB]].<ref name="B2"/>

===Refocusing on heavy vehicles===
[[File:Volvo excavator on construction site, Tomaszów Mazowiecki, Długa Street.jpg|thumb|Volvo excavator on construction site in [[Tomaszów Mazowiecki]], Poland]]
In January 1999, Volvo Group sold Volvo Car Corporation to Ford Motor Company for $6.45&nbsp;billion. The division was placed within Ford's [[Premier Automotive Group]] alongside [[Jaguar Cars|Jaguar]], [[Land Rover]] and [[Aston Martin]]. Volvo engineering resources and components would be used in various Ford, Land Rover and Aston Martin products, with the second generation [[Land Rover Freelander]] designed on the same platform as the second generation Volvo S80. The Volvo T5 petrol engine was used in the [[Ford Focus]] ST and RS performance models, and Volvo's satellite navigation system was used on certain Aston Martin Vanquish, DB9 and V8 Vantage models.<ref name="EvoC30">{{cite magazine | first = John | last = Simister | title = Volvo C30 T5 SE | date = November 2006 | url = http://www.evo.co.uk/carreviews/evocarreviews/203613/volvo_c30_t5_se.html | magazine = [[Evo (magazine)|Evo]] | access-date = 29 November 2013 | quote = The T5 petrol engine is almost the same as the one borrowed from Volvo by Ford for the Focus ST... | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131203023548/http://www.evo.co.uk/carreviews/evocarreviews/203613/volvo_c30_t5_se.html | archive-date = 3 December 2013 | url-status = dead | df = dmy-all }}</ref><ref name="ScotsmanAM">{{cite news | title = ASTON'S CLEARER ADVANTAGE | date = 29 November 2013 | url = http://www.scotsman.com/motors/reviews/aston-martin/aston-s-clearer-advantage-1-2655600 | work = [[The Scotsman]] | access-date = 29 November 2013 | quote = The optional satellite navigation remains a Volvo-sourced system that is absurdly fiddly. | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131203001804/http://www.scotsman.com/motors/reviews/aston-martin/aston-s-clearer-advantage-1-2655600 | archive-date = 3 December 2013 | url-status = live | df = dmy-all }}</ref><ref name="EvoLRFree2">{{cite magazine | first = John | last = Simister | title = Land Rover Freelander | date = December 2006 | url = http://www.evo.co.uk/carreviews/evocarreviews/204249/land_rover_freelander.html | magazine = [[Evo (magazine)|Evo]] | access-date = 29 November 2013 | quote = But it's good news for the new 'Freelander 2', based on the S-Max/S80/next-Mondeo platform, powered in the top model by a 229bhp Volvo straight-six | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131203023540/http://www.evo.co.uk/carreviews/evocarreviews/204249/land_rover_freelander.html | archive-date = 3 December 2013 | url-status = dead | df = dmy-all }}</ref> In November 1999, Volvo Group purchased a 5% stake in Mitsubishi Motors, as part of a partnership deal for the truck and bus business.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://chronicle.augusta.com/stories/1999/10/09/bus_272243.shtml#.WVIclra1tqM |title=Mitsubishi Motors announces alliance with Volvo |work=The Augusta Chronicle |date=10 October 1999 |access-date=27 June 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171020163334/http://chronicle.augusta.com/stories/1999/10/09/bus_272243.shtml#.WVIclra1tqM |archive-date=20 October 2017 |url-status=live  }}</ref> In 2001, after [[DaimlerChrysler]] bought a large Mitsubishi Motors stake,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB982191070342881299 |last=Miller |first=Scott |title=Volvo Might Sell Its Mitsubishi Stake Because of Daimler's Control of Firm |work=The Wall Street Journal |date=15 February 2001 |access-date=27 June 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171020163019/https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB982191070342881299 |archive-date=20 October 2017 |url-status=live  }}</ref> Volvo sold its shares to the former.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aftonbladet.se/minekonomi/article10205767.ab |title=Volvo säljer sitt innehav i Mitsubishi |language=sv |work=Aftonbladet |date=11 April 2001 |access-date=27 June 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171020163331/https://www.aftonbladet.se/minekonomi/article10205767.ab |archive-date=20 October 2017 |url-status=live  }}</ref>

[[Renault Trucks|Renault Véhicules Industriels]] (which included [[Mack Trucks]], but not Renault's stake in [[Iveco Bus|Irisbus]]) was sold to Volvo during January 2001, and Volvo renamed it Renault Trucks in 2002. Renault became AB Volvo's biggest shareholder, with a 19.9% stake (in shares and voting rights) as part of the deal.<ref name="VolvoPR2001">{{cite web | url = http://www.volvogroup.com/group/global/en-gb/newsmedia/pressreleases/previous/2001/_layouts/CWP.Internet.VolvoCom/NewsItem.aspx?News.ItemId=23665&News.Language=en-gb | title = AB VOLVO TRANSFER REMAINING SHARES TO RENAULT S.A | access-date = 29 November 2013 | date = 9 February 2001 | publisher = Volvo | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131203015842/http://www.volvogroup.com/group/global/en-gb/newsmedia/pressreleases/previous/2001/_layouts/CWP.Internet.VolvoCom/NewsItem.aspx?News.ItemId=23665&News.Language=en-gb | archive-date = 3 December 2013 | url-status = dead | df = dmy-all }}</ref> Renault increased its shareholding to 21.7% by 2010.<ref name="VolvoRenTel2010">{{cite news | title = Renault raises €3bn with part-sale of Volvo stake | date = 7 October 2010 | url = https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/newsbysector/transport/8048140/Renault-raises-3bn-with-part-sale-of-Volvo-stake.html | work = [[The Daily Telegraph]] | access-date = 29 November 2013 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140104213838/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/newsbysector/transport/8048140/Renault-raises-3bn-with-part-sale-of-Volvo-stake.html | archive-date = 4 January 2014 | url-status = live | df = dmy-all }}</ref>

AB Volvo acquired 13% of the shares in the Japanese truck manufacturer [[UD Trucks|Nissan Diesel]] (later renamed UD Trucks) from [[Nissan]] (part of the [[Renault-Nissan Alliance]]) during 2006, becoming a major shareholder. Volvo Group took complete ownership of Nissan Diesel in 2007 to extend its presence in the Asian Pacific market.<ref name="volvo.com"/><ref name="BBCNissan2007">{{cite news | title = Volvo in $1.1bn Nissan purchase | date = 20 February 2007 | publisher = [[BBC]] | url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/6377751.stm | work = BBC News | access-date = 29 November 2013 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070319014912/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/6377751.stm | archive-date = 19 March 2007 | url-status = live | df = dmy-all }}</ref>

Renault sold 14.9% of their stake in AB Volvo in October 2010 (comprising 14.9% of the share capital and 3.8% of the voting rights) for €3.02 billion. This share sale left Renault with around 17.5% of Volvo's voting rights.<ref name="VolvoRenTel2010"/> Renault sold their remaining shares in December 2012 (comprising 6.5% of the share capital and 17.2% of the voting rights at the time of transaction) for €1.6 billion, leaving Swedish industrial investment group {{ill|Aktiebolaget Industrivärden|sv|Industrivärden|vertical-align=sup}} as the largest shareholder, with 6.2% of the share capital and 18.7% of the voting rights.<ref name="WSJ2012">{{cite news | first = David | last = Pearson | title = Renault to Sell Rest of Its Volvo Stake | date = 12 December 2012 | url = https://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424127887323981504578175493034701024 | work = The Wall Street Journal | access-date = 29 November 2013 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131204132054/http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424127887323981504578175493034701024 | archive-date = 4 December 2013 | url-status = live | df = dmy-all }}</ref><ref name="IVG2012">{{cite web | url = http://www.industrivarden.se/en/Press/Press-Releases/2012/Industrivarden-strengthens-its-ownership-position-in-Volvo/ | title = Industrivärden strengthens its ownership position in Volvo | access-date = 29 November 2013 | date = 13 December 2012 | work = Industrivärden | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131203003614/http://www.industrivarden.se/en/Press/Press-Releases/2012/Industrivarden-strengthens-its-ownership-position-in-Volvo/ | archive-date = 3 December 2013 | df = dmy-all }}</ref> That same year, Volvo sold Volvo Aero to the British company [[GKN]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2012/jul/05/gkn-shares-soar-buys-volvos-aircraft-engine-business |title=GKN's shares soar as it buys Volvo's aircraft engine business |work=The Guardian |date=5 July 2012 |access-date=27 June 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180226092116/https://www.theguardian.com/business/2012/jul/05/gkn-shares-soar-buys-volvos-aircraft-engine-business |archive-date=26 February 2018 |url-status=live  }}</ref> In 2017 Volvo Cars owner [[Geely]] became the largest Volvo shareholder by number of shares after acquiring an 8.2% stake, displacing Industrivärden. Industrivärden kept more voting rights than Geely (Geely getting a 15.8%).<ref>{{cite web |url=https://mobile.reuters.com/article/amp/idUSKBN1EL0E6 |title=China's Geely turns to Volvo trucks in latest Swedish venture |work=Reuters |date=27 December 2017 |access-date=25 February 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180226092115/https://mobile.reuters.com/article/amp/idUSKBN1EL0E6 |archive-date=26 February 2018 |url-status=live  }}</ref>

In December 2013, Volvo sold its [[BlueLine Rental|Volvo Construction Equipment Rents]] division to [[Platinum Equity]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/spleverage/2014/02/12/despite-raising-eyebrows-blueline-prices-252m-pik-toggle-high-yield-bond-deal/#1ca704a012a7 |last=Fuller |first=Matthew |title=Despite Raising Eyebrows, BlueLine Prices $252M PIK Toggle High Yield Bond Deal |work=Forbes |date=12 February 2014 |access-date=27 June 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180413044155/https://www.forbes.com/sites/spleverage/2014/02/12/despite-raising-eyebrows-blueline-prices-252m-pik-toggle-high-yield-bond-deal/#1ca704a012a7 |archive-date=13 April 2018 |url-status=live  }}</ref> In November 2016, Volvo announced its intention of divesting its Government Sales division, made up mainly of Renault Trucks' Renault Trucks Defense but also of [[Panhard]], [[ACMAT]], [[Mack Trucks|Mack Defense]] in the United States, and Volvo Defense.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.defensenews.com/articles/volvo-begins-sales-process-of-rtd-with-no-timetable |title=Volvo Launches RTD Sale, No Timetable |author=Tran, Pierre |work=Defense News |publisher=Sightline Media Group |date=4 November 2016 |access-date=14 June 2017}}{{dead link|date=August 2021|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> The project for selling the division was later abandoned and, in May 2018, Volvo reorganized Renault Trucks Defense and renamed it Arquus.<ref>{{cite journal |url=https://www.usinenouvelle.com/article/armement-terrestre-renault-trucks-defense-volvo-devient-arquus.N697694 |trans-title=Ground army: Renault Trucks Defense (Volvo) becomes Arquus |author=Altmeyer, Cyril |title=Armament terrestre: Renault Trucks Defense (Volvo) devient Arquus |language=fr |journal=L'Usine Nouvelle |date=24 May 2018 |access-date=1 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190401005537/https://www.usinenouvelle.com/article/armement-terrestre-renault-trucks-defense-volvo-devient-arquus.N697694 |archive-date=1 April 2019 |url-status=live  }}</ref>

In December 2018, Volvo announced it intended to sell a 75.1% controlling stake of its car [[telematics]] subsidiary WirelessCar to [[Volkswagen Group|Volkswagen]] with the aim of focusing on telematics for commercial vehicles.<ref>{{cite web |title=Volvo Group To Divest 75.1% Of Shares In WirelessCar Unit To Volkswagen |url=https://markets.businessinsider.com/news/stocks/volvo-group-to-divest-75-1-of-shares-in-wirelesscar-unit-to-volkswagen-1027820935 |work=Markets Insider |date=19 December 2018 |access-date=1 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190401005537/https://markets.businessinsider.com/news/stocks/volvo-group-to-divest-75-1-of-shares-in-wirelesscar-unit-to-volkswagen-1027820935 |archive-date=1 April 2019 |url-status=live  }}</ref> The sale was completed in March 2019.<ref>{{cite press release |title=Volvo Group has completed the sale of shares in WirelessCar |url=https://www.volvogroup.com/en-en/news/2019/mar/news-3252243.html |publisher=Volvo |date=29 March 2019 |access-date=1 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190401005539/https://www.volvogroup.com/en-en/news/2019/mar/news-3252243.html |archive-date=1 April 2019 |url-status=live  }}</ref>

In December 2019, Volvo and [[Isuzu]] announced their intention of forming a [[strategic alliance]] on commercial vehicles. As part of the agreement, Volvo would sell UD Trucks to Isuzu.<ref>{{cite web |title=Isuzu tackles emerging rivals and R&D costs with Volvo tie-up |url=https://asia.nikkei.com/Business/Automobile/Isuzu-tackles-emerging-rivals-and-R-D-costs-with-Volvo-tie-up2 |work=Nikkei Asian Review |date=20 December 2019 |access-date=20 December 2019 |last1=Okada |first1=Emi |last2=Yamada |first2=Kohei |last3=Fukao |first3=Kosei |archive-date=20 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191220095844/https://asia.nikkei.com/Business/Automobile/Isuzu-tackles-emerging-rivals-and-R-D-costs-with-Volvo-tie-up2 |url-status=live }}</ref> The "final agreements" for the alliance were signed in October 2020, with UD Trucks sale pending on regulatory clearances.<ref>{{cite press release |url=https://www.volvogroup.com/en-en/news/2020/oct/news-3815893.html |title=Volvo Group and Isuzu Motors sign final agreements to form strategic alliance |publisher=Volvo |date=30 October 2020 |access-date=2 January 2020 |archive-date=16 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116220708/https://www.volvogroup.com/en-en/news/2020/oct/news-3815893.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The sale was completed in April 2021.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Volvo Group and Isuzu Motors complete UD Trucks transaction as part of the strategic alliance|url=https://www.volvogroup.com/en-en/news/2021/apr/news-3935150.html|access-date=1 April 2021|website=www.volvogroup.com|language=English|archive-date=1 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210401060924/https://www.volvogroup.com/en-en/news/2021/apr/news-3935150.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

In the early 2020s, Volvo partnered with other manufacturers to deploy infrastructure for non-[[hydrocarbon]] energies. In April 2020, Volvo and [[Daimler AG|Daimler]] (later [[Daimler Truck]]) announced that the former planned to acquire half of Daimler's [[fuel cell]] business, forming a joint venture between the two companies.<ref>{{cite web |title=Volvo buying half of Daimler's fuel cell activities as firms form venture |url=https://www.marketwatch.com/story/volvo-buying-half-of-daimlers-fuel-cell-activities-as-firms-form-venture-2020-04-21 |work=MarketWatch |date=21 April 2020 |access-date=21 April 2020 |last=Goldstein |first=Steve |archive-date=22 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200522143214/https://www.marketwatch.com/story/volvo-buying-half-of-daimlers-fuel-cell-activities-as-firms-form-venture-2020-04-21 |url-status=live }}</ref> In March 2021, the fuel cell business was reorganised as a joint venture called Cellcentric.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Daimler, Volvo seek huge cuts in hydrogen fuel cell costs by 2027 |url=https://www.reuters.com/business/energy/daimler-volvo-plan-hydrogen-fuel-cell-production-europe-2025-2021-04-29/ |last=Carey |first=Nick |date=29 April 2021 |access-date=26 February 2023 |publisher=Reuters |archive-date=26 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226142255/https://www.reuters.com/business/energy/daimler-volvo-plan-hydrogen-fuel-cell-production-europe-2025-2021-04-29/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In December 2021, Volvo, Daimler Truck, and [[Traton]] agreed to the formation of an equally owned joint venture aimed to build an [[electric vehicle charging network]] for heavy vehicles in Europe.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Volvo, Daimler and Traton agree on JV charging network for trucks |url=https://insideevs.com/news/555418/volvo-daimler-traton-jv-charging/ |last=Kane |first=Mark |date=19 December 2021 |access-date=26 February 2023 |work=InsideEVs |archive-date=26 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226142300/https://insideevs.com/news/555418/volvo-daimler-traton-jv-charging/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In December 2022, the joint venture (called Commercial Vehicle Charging Europe) began operations under the [[trade name]] Milence.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Milence charging network accelerates Europe's shift to fossil-free road transport |url=https://www.ukhaulier.co.uk/news/road-transport/innovation/milence-charging-network-accelerates-europes-shift-to-fossil-free-road-transport/ |date=8 December 2022 |access-date=26 February 2023 |work=UK Haulier |archive-date=26 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226142257/https://www.ukhaulier.co.uk/news/road-transport/innovation/milence-charging-network-accelerates-europes-shift-to-fossil-free-road-transport/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

In April 2021, Volvo announced that it had signed up a new partnership with steel manufacturer [[SSAB]] to develop fossil fuel-free steel for future use in Volvo's vehicles.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Volvo investigates fossil fuel-free steel collaboration with SSAB|url=https://www.ssab.com/news/2021/04/volvo-group-and-ssab-to-collaborate-on-the-worlds-first-vehicles-of-fossilfree-steel|url-status=live|access-date=25 June 2021|website=SSAB|language=en|archive-date=30 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210730230536/https://www.ssab.com/news/2021/04/volvo-group-and-ssab-to-collaborate-on-the-worlds-first-vehicles-of-fossilfree-steel}}</ref> The partnership is derived from SSAB's own green steel venture, HYBRIT.<ref>{{Cite web|date=16 June 2021|title=Volvo Cars to test fossil-free steel from SSAB's HYBRIT venture|url=https://www.reuters.com/business/autos-transportation/volvo-cars-test-fossil-free-steel-ssabs-hybrit-venture-2021-06-16/|access-date=25 June 2021|website=Reuters|archive-date=25 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210625151310/https://www.reuters.com/business/autos-transportation/volvo-cars-test-fossil-free-steel-ssabs-hybrit-venture-2021-06-16/|url-status=live}}</ref>

In November 2023, Volvo acquired [[Proterra (bus manufacturer)|Proterra]]'s battery business for US$210 million.<ref>{{Cite news |date=10 November 2023 |title=Truckmaker Volvo to buy Proterra's battery business for $210 mln |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/markets/deals/truckmaker-volvo-buy-proterras-battery-business-210-mln-2023-11-10/ |access-date=13 November 2023}}</ref>

Volvo has announced that it is developing [[Hydrogen internal combustion engine vehicle|trucks with combustion engines]] that run on hydrogen. Commercial tests will begin in early 2026.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.farms.com/service-truck-magazine/2024/aug-sep/24/ | title=Service Truck Magazine &#124; Aug Sept 2024 }}</ref>

==Corporate==
===Business===
[[File:Goteborg Volvo Museum 75.jpg|thumb|Volvo Museum in Gothenburg]]
Volvo Group's operations include:
* [[Volvo Trucks]] (midsize-duty trucks for regional transportation and heavy-duty trucks for long-distance transportation, as well as heavy-duty trucks for the construction work segment)
* [[Mack Trucks]] (light-duty trucks for close distribution and heavy-duty trucks for long-distance transportation)
* [[Renault Trucks]] (heavy-duty trucks for regional transportations and heavy-duty trucks for the construction work segment)
* Arquus (military vehicles)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.volvogroup.com/en-en/about-us/organization.html|title=Organization {{!}} Volvo Group|website=www.volvogroup.com|language=en|access-date=11 June 2019|archive-date=17 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201117193122/https://www.volvogroup.com/en-en/about-us/organization.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
* [[Dongfeng Motor Corporation#Dongfeng Commercial Vehicles|Dongfeng Commercial Vehicles]] (45%) (trucks)
* VE Commercial Vehicles Limited Ltd., India (VECV), a joint venture between Volvo Group and [[Eicher Motors|Eicher Motors Limited]] in which Volvo holds 45.6% (trucks and buses)
* [[Volvo Construction Equipment]] (construction equipment)
* [[SDLG]] (70%) (construction equipment)
* [[Volvo Group Venture Capital]] (corporate investment company)
* [[Volvo Buses]] (complete buses and bus chassis for city traffic, line traffic and tourist traffic)
* [[Volvo Financial Services]] (customer financing, inter-group banking, as real estate administration)
* [[Volvo Penta]] (marine engine systems for leisure boats and commercial shipping, diesel engines and drive systems for industrial applications)
* Volvo Energy (management and support for electric vehicles, batteries and electrification networks)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.volvoenergy.com/en/about-us.html|publisher=Volvo Energy|title=About us|access-date=17 January 2022|archive-date=29 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220629004712/https://www.volvoenergy.com/en/about-us.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

According to the company, in 2021 almost two thirds (62%) of its revenue came from trucks and services related to them. Second came construction equipment (25%), and the rest was from buses, marine engines, and minor operations, each of them below 5%.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.volvogroup.com/en/about-us/organization/our-global-presence.html |title=Our global presence |publisher=Volvo |access-date=10 October 2022 |archive-date=12 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221012220824/https://www.volvogroup.com/en/about-us/organization/our-global-presence.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Production facilities===
[[File:Volvo Powertrain.jpg|thumb|Volvo powertrain facilities in [[Skövde]], pictured in 2010]]
Volvo has various production facilities. {{As of|2022}}, it has plants in 19 countries, with 10 other countries having independent assemblers of Volvo products. The company also has product development, distribution, and logistics centers.<ref name=facil1>{{cite web |url=https://www.volvogroup.com/en/about-us/organization/our-production-facilities.html |title=Our production facilities |publisher=Volvo |access-date=9 October 2022 |archive-date=12 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221012220829/https://www.volvogroup.com/en/about-us/organization/our-production-facilities.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Its first plant for vehicle assembly, on the Hisingen island, was owned by SKF until it was made part of the Volvo company in 1930.<ref name="B2"/> That year, Volvo acquired its supplier of engines in [[Skövde]] (Pentavarken).<ref name=restr>{{cite book |last=Law |first=Christopher M. |chapter=Restructuring the Swedish manufacturing industry the case of the motor vehicle industry  |title=Restructuring the Global Automobile Industry |volume=4 |series=Routledge Library Editions: The Automobile Industry |date=July 2017 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |pages=207–208 |isbn=978-0-415-04712-8}}</ref> In 1942, Volvo acquired its supplier of transmissions, Köpings Mekaniska Verkstad,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Vår historia |url=https://www.volvogroup.com/se/about-us/organization/our-production-facilities/koping/var-historia.html |access-date=22 October 2024 |website=www.volvogroup.com |language=sv}}</ref> located in the town of [[Köping, Sweden|Köping]]. In 1954, Volvo built a new truck assembly plant in Gothenburg and, in 1959–<ref name="B2"/> 1964,<ref name=ake>{{cite book |editor-last=Sandberg |editor-first=Åke |title=Enriching Production: Perspectives on Volvo's Uddevalla plant as an alternative to lean production |publisher=Avebury |year=2007 | pages=VIII–IX, 1–8 |isbn=978-1-85972-106-3}}</ref> a car assembly plant in [[Torslandaverken|Torslanda]].<ref name="B2"/> The first truly branched away plant of Volvo was the [[Floby]] gearbox plant (100 kilometers to the northeast of Gothenburg), incorporated in 1958. In the 1960s and early 1970s, Volvo and its assembly
partners opened plants in Canada, Belgium, Malaysia,<ref name=restr/> and Australia.<ref name=Brisbane>{{cite web |url=https://thewest.com.au/lifestyle/motoring/milestone-for-volvos-brisbane-plant-ng-b88660209z |title=Milestone for Volvo's Brisbane plant |work=The West Australian |date=22 November 2017 |access-date=9 October 2022 |last=Meredith |first=David |archive-date=12 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221012220824/https://thewest.com.au/lifestyle/motoring/milestone-for-volvos-brisbane-plant-ng-b88660209z |url-status=live }}</ref> In the early part of that period Volvo also started to venture into vehicles other than passenger cars and road-going commercial vehicles by acquiring the [[Eskilstuna]] plant (Bolinder-Munktell).<ref name=restr/> From the 1970s onwards, Volvo set up various facilities ([[Bengtsfors]], [[Lindesberg]], [[Vara, Sweden|Vara]], [[Tanumshede]], [[Färgelanda]],<ref name=restr/> [[Borås]]<ref name=Boras>{{cite web |url=https://cbwmagazine.com/volvo-celebrates-200000-chassis-produced-at-boras-factory/ |title=Volvo celebrates 200,000 chassis produced at Borås factory |work=Coach & Bus Week |date=18 January 2022 |access-date=9 October 2022 |archive-date=12 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221012220830/https://cbwmagazine.com/volvo-celebrates-200000-chassis-produced-at-boras-factory/ |url-status=live }}</ref>), most of them within a 150 kilometer radius of Gothenburg,<ref name=restr/> and gradually acquired the Dutch [[DAF Trucks|DAF]] car plants.<ref name="B2"/> It also established its first South American plant in [[Curitiba]], Brazil.<ref name=braz>{{cite book |editor1-last=Pellenbarg |editor1-first=Piet |editor2-last=Wever |editor2-first=Egbert |last1=Ivarsson |first1=Inge |last2=Alvstam |first2=Claes G. |chapter=Global production and trade systems: the Volvo case |title=International Business Geography: Case Studies of Corporate Firms |publisher=Routledge |year=2007 | pages=63–74 |isbn=978-0-203-93920-8}}</ref>

From the mid-1970s onwards, Volvo began building assembly plants with smaller assembly lines, more worker-centric and with better use of automation, leaving [[Fordism]]. These were [[Volvo Kalmar Assembly|Kalmar]] (car assembly, built in 1974),<ref name=ake/> [[Tuve, Sweden|Tuve]] (truck assembly, 1982)<ref name=ake/><ref name=alt>{{cite book |last=Berggren |first=Christian |title=Alternatives to Lean Production: Work Organization in the Swedish Auto Industry |publisher=Cornell University Press |year=2019 | page=129 |isbn=978-0-87546-317-9}}</ref> and [[Uddevalla]] (car assembly, 1989). Kalmar and Uddevalla were closed down in the early 1990s, following yearly losses.<ref name=ake/> The Tuve plant (called the LB plant) replaced the Gothenburg plant (X plant) for truck assembly through the 1980s, as the former could produce more technologically complex models.<ref name=alt/> In 1982, Volvo gained its first plant in the United States, the New River Valley plant in [[Dublin, Virginia|Dublin]], Virginia, after acquiring the assets of the White Motor Corporation.<ref name=diver>{{cite web |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1982/05/17/business/volvo-diversifying-away-from-autos.html |title=Volvo diversifying away from autos |work=The New York Times |date=17 May 1982 |access-date=9 October 2022 |last=Vinocur |first=John |archive-date=12 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221012220822/https://www.nytimes.com/1982/05/17/business/volvo-diversifying-away-from-autos.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Starting in the late 1980s, Volvo expanded its limited bus production capabilities through acquisitions in various countries (Swedish Saffle Karroseri, Danish Aabenraa, German Drögmöller Karroserien, Canadian Prévost Car, Finnish Carrus, American Nova Bus, Mexican Mexicana de Autobuses). In the late 1990s, after a short-lived joint venture with Polish manufacturer [[Jelcz]], Volvo built its main bus production hub for Europe in [[Wrocław]].<ref name=braz/> In the 1990s, Volvo also increased its construction equipment assets by acquiring the Swedish company Åkerman and the construction equipment division of [[Samsung Heavy Industries]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://compactequip.com/excavators/dig-history-volvos-evolving-excavator-range/ |title=Dig this history of Volvo evolving excavator range |work=Compact Equipment |date=22 August 2017 |access-date=10 October 2022 |archive-date=12 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221012220823/https://compactequip.com/excavators/dig-history-volvos-evolving-excavator-range/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In 1998, the company opened an assembly facility for its three main heavy product lines (trucks, construction equipment, and buses) near [[Bengaluru]], India.<ref name=braz/>

Volvo sold all its car manufacturing assets in 1999.<ref name=braz/>

Following the acquisition of Renault Véhicules Industriels<ref name=braz/> and Nissan Diesel<ref name=ft>{{cite web |url=https://www.ft.com/content/3770258c-c0db-11db-bf18-000b5df10621 |title=Volvo buys Nissan Diesel |work=Financial Times |date=20 February 2007 |access-date=10 October 2022 |archive-date=12 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221012220822/https://www.ft.com/content/3770258c-c0db-11db-bf18-000b5df10621 |url-status=live }}</ref> in the 2000s, Volvo gained various production facilities in Europe, North America, and Asia.<ref name=braz/><ref name=ft/>

In 2014, Volvo's Volvo Construction Equipment acquired the [[haul truck]] manufacturing division of [[Terex|Terex Corporation]], which included five truck models and a manufacturing facility in [[Motherwell]], Scotland.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.australianmining.com.au/news/terex-sells-trucks-arm-to-volvo/ |title=Terex sells trucks arm to Volvo |author=Latimer, Cole |work=Australian Mining |publisher=[[Prime Creative Media]] |date=10 December 2013 |access-date=14 June 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171020163027/https://www.australianmining.com.au/news/terex-sells-trucks-arm-to-volvo/ |archive-date=20 October 2017 |url-status=live  }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/news/local-news/volvo-buys-terex-plant-newhouse-2974745 |title=Volvo buys Terex plant in Newhouse for $160m |author=Miller, Graham |work=Daily Record |publisher=Scottish Daily Record and Sunday Mail |date=31 December 2013 |access-date=14 June 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171020163037/http://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/news/local-news/volvo-buys-terex-plant-newhouse-2974745 |archive-date=20 October 2017 |url-status=live  }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-scotland-glasgow-west-36551127 |title=Further job cuts at Terex truck firm in Motherwell |work=bbc.com |publisher=BBC |date=16 June 2016 |access-date=14 June 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170111164032/http://www.bbc.com/news/uk-scotland-glasgow-west-36551127 |archive-date=11 January 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
!colspan="2"|Volvo production sites as of October 2022
|-
! width=200px | Company 
! Plants
|-
| [[Volvo Trucks]]|| {{ubl |Sweden: [[Tuve, Sweden|Tuve]] (trucks, parts), [[Umeå]] (cabs), [[Köping, Sweden|Köping]] (transmissions), [[Skövde]] (engines) |Belgium: [[Ghent]] (trucks, parts) |Russia: [[Kaluga]]<sup>□</sup> (trucks) |South Africa: [[Durban]] (trucks) |India: [[Bengaluru]] (trucks) |Thailand: [[Bangkok]] (trucks) |Australia: [[Brisbane]]<sup>A.</sup> (trucks) |United States: [[Dublin, Virginia|New River Valley]] (trucks, parts) |Brazil: [[Curitiba]] (trucks, engines)}}
|-
| [[Renault Trucks]]|| {{ubl |France: [[Blainville-sur-Orne]]<sup>B.</sup> (trucks, cabs), [[Lyon]] (stamped parts), [[Bourg-en-Bresse]] (trucks), [[Vénissieux]] (engines)}} {{ubl |France (Arquus): [[Garchizy]] (repair of materiel, parts), [[Marolles-en-Hurepoix]] (military vehicle assembly, repairing, retrofitting), [[Saint-Nazaire]] (assembly support), [[Limoges]] (production management)}}
|-
| [[Mack Trucks]]|| {{ubl |United States: [[Hagerstown, Maryland|Hagerstown]] (engines), [[Macungie, Pennsylvania|Lehigh Valley]] (trucks), [[Middletown, Dauphin County, Pennsylvania|Middletown]] (remanufacturing)}}
|-
| [[Volvo Construction Equipment]]|| {{ubl |Sweden: [[Arvika]] (large wheel loaders), [[Braås]] (articulated haulers), [[Eskilstuna]] (transaxles), [[Hallsberg]] (cabs, tanks) |Germany: [[Konz|Konz-Könen]] (excavators, compact wheel loaders), [[Hameln]] (road building machinery) |France: [[Belley]] (compact excavators) |United Kingdom (Terex, Rokbak brand): [[Motherwell]] (rigid and articulated haulers) | South Korea: [[Changwon]] (excavators, demolition equipment, pipelayers) |India: Bengaluru (excavators, rigid and articulated haulers, wheel loaders, road building machinery, parts) |China: [[Shanghai]] (excavators) |United States: [[Shippensburg]] (compact wheel loaders, road building machinery) |Brazil: [[Pederneiras]]<sup>C.</sup> (articulated haulers, large wheel loaders, soil compactors, crawler excavators)}}
|-
| [[Volvo Buses]]|| {{ubl |Sweden: [[Borås]] (chassis), [[Uddevalla]] (frames) |Poland: [[Wrocław]] (buses) |Canada (Prévost, Nova Bus): [[Sainte-Claire, Quebec|Sainte-Claire]] (buses), [[Saint-Eustache, Quebec|Saint-Eustache]] (buses), [[Saint-François-du-Lac]] (chassis) |India: Bengaluru (chassis, engines) |Brasil: Curitiba (chassis, engines) |Mexico: [[Mexico City]] (buses) |United States (Nova Bus): [[Plattsburgh, New York|Plattsburgh]] (buses)}}
|-
|style="background:#87CEEB"| VE Commercial Vehicles || {{ubl |India: [[Pithampur]] (trucks, engines, transmissions)}}
|-
|style="background:#87CEEB"| Dongfeng Truck || {{ubl |China: [[Shiyan]] (trucks)}}
|-
|style="background:#87CEEB"| [[SDLG]]|| {{ubl |China: [[Linyi]] (compact excavators, large wheel loaders, soil compactors, asphalt pavers)}}
|-
| [[Volvo Penta]]|| {{ubl |Sweden: Gothenburg, [[Vara, Sweden|Vara]] |China: Shanghai | United States: [[Lexington, Tennessee|Lexington]]}}
|-
! colspan="2"|Notes
|-
|style="background-color:#f2f3f4" colspan=2|{{legend|#87CEEB|Minority owned by Volvo.<br /><br />{{ubl |<sup>□</sup> Production "suspended". |<sup>A.</sup> It also produces Mack Trucks-badged vehicles. |<sup>B.</sup> It also produces Volvo Trucks and DAF-badged vehicles. |<sup>C.</sup> It also produces SDLG-badged vehicles.}}}}
|-
! colspan="2"|Sources
|-
|style="background-color:#f2f3f4" colspan=2| <ref name=facil1/><ref name=Brisbane/><ref name=Boras/><ref name=braz/><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.volvogroup.com/en/about-us/organization/our-production-facilities/tuve.html |title=Tuve plant |publisher=Volvo |access-date=9 October 2022 |archive-date=15 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221015130934/https://www.volvogroup.com/en/about-us/organization/our-production-facilities/tuve.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.volvogroup.com/en/about-us/organization/our-production-facilities/new-river-valley-plant.html |title=Volvo Trucks New River Valley plant |publisher=Volvo |access-date=9 October 2022 |archive-date=14 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221014030520/https://www.volvogroup.com/en/about-us/organization/our-production-facilities/new-river-valley-plant.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.volvogroup.com/en/about-us/organization/our-production-facilities/blainville.html |title=Blainville |publisher=Volvo |access-date=9 October 2022 |archive-date=15 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221015130935/https://www.volvogroup.com/en/about-us/organization/our-production-facilities/blainville.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.arquus-defense.com/by-your-side/industrial-organization |title=Industrial organization |publisher=Arquus |access-date=10 October 2022 |archive-date=15 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221015130936/https://www.arquus-defense.com/by-your-side/industrial-organization |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.volvotrucks.us/about-volvo/facilities/reman-center/ |title=Reman center |publisher=Volvo Trucks US |access-date=10 October 2022 |archive-date=5 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221005100215/https://www.volvotrucks.us/about-volvo/facilities/reman-center/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.volvoce.com/global/en/this-is-volvo-ce/about-us/our-locations/arvika/ |title=Arvika |publisher=Volvo Construction Equipment |access-date=10 October 2022 |archive-date=15 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221015142538/https://www.volvoce.com/global/en/this-is-volvo-ce/about-us/our-locations/arvika/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.volvoce.com/global/en/this-is-volvo-ce/about-us/our-locations/braas/ |title=Braås |publisher=Volvo Construction Equipment |access-date=10 October 2022 |archive-date=15 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221015142540/https://www.volvoce.com/global/en/this-is-volvo-ce/about-us/our-locations/braas/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.volvoce.com/global/en/this-is-volvo-ce/about-us/our-locations/eskilstuna/ |title=Eskilstuna |publisher=Volvo Construction Equipment |access-date=10 October 2022 |archive-date=15 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221015142543/https://www.volvoce.com/global/en/this-is-volvo-ce/about-us/our-locations/eskilstuna/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.volvoce.com/global/en/this-is-volvo-ce/about-us/our-locations/hallsberg/ |title=Hallsberg |publisher=Volvo Construction Equipment |access-date=10 October 2022 |archive-date=15 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221015142541/https://www.volvoce.com/global/en/this-is-volvo-ce/about-us/our-locations/hallsberg/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.volvoce.com/global/en/this-is-volvo-ce/about-us/our-locations/konz/ |title=Konz |publisher=Volvo Construction Equipment |access-date=10 October 2022 |archive-date=15 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221015142541/https://www.volvoce.com/global/en/this-is-volvo-ce/about-us/our-locations/konz/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.volvoce.com/global/en/this-is-volvo-ce/about-us/our-locations/hameln/ |title=Hameln |publisher=Volvo Construction Equipment |access-date=10 October 2022 |archive-date=15 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221015142541/https://www.volvoce.com/global/en/this-is-volvo-ce/about-us/our-locations/hameln/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.volvoce.com/global/en/this-is-volvo-ce/about-us/our-locations/belley/ |title=Belley |publisher=Volvo Construction Equipment |access-date=10 October 2022 |archive-date=15 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221015142540/https://www.volvoce.com/global/en/this-is-volvo-ce/about-us/our-locations/belley/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.volvoce.com/global/en/this-is-volvo-ce/about-us/our-locations/motherwell/ |title=Motherwell |publisher=Volvo Construction Equipment |access-date=10 October 2022 |archive-date=15 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221015142544/https://www.volvoce.com/global/en/this-is-volvo-ce/about-us/our-locations/motherwell/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.volvoce.com/global/en/this-is-volvo-ce/about-us/our-locations/changwon/ |title=Changwon |publisher=Volvo Construction Equipment |access-date=10 October 2022 |archive-date=15 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221015142542/https://www.volvoce.com/global/en/this-is-volvo-ce/about-us/our-locations/changwon/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.volvoce.com/global/en/this-is-volvo-ce/about-us/our-locations/bangalore/ |title=Bangalore |publisher=Volvo Construction Equipment |access-date=10 October 2022 |archive-date=15 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221015142542/https://www.volvoce.com/global/en/this-is-volvo-ce/about-us/our-locations/bangalore/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.volvoce.com/global/en/this-is-volvo-ce/about-us/our-locations/shanghai/ |title=Shanghai |publisher=Volvo Construction Equipment |access-date=10 October 2022 |archive-date=15 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221015142542/https://www.volvoce.com/global/en/this-is-volvo-ce/about-us/our-locations/shanghai/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.volvoce.com/global/en/this-is-volvo-ce/about-us/our-locations/pederneiras/ |title=Pederneiras |publisher=Volvo Construction Equipment |access-date=10 October 2022 |archive-date=15 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221015142539/https://www.volvoce.com/global/en/this-is-volvo-ce/about-us/our-locations/pederneiras/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.volvoce.com/global/en/this-is-volvo-ce/about-us/our-locations/shippensburg/ |title=Shippensburg |publisher=Volvo Construction Equipment |access-date=10 October 2022 |archive-date=15 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221015142537/https://www.volvoce.com/global/en/this-is-volvo-ce/about-us/our-locations/shippensburg/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.volvoce.com/global/en/this-is-volvo-ce/about-us/our-locations/linyi/ |title=Linyi |publisher=Volvo Construction Equipment |access-date=10 October 2022 |archive-date=15 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221015221702/https://www.volvoce.com/global/en/this-is-volvo-ce/about-us/our-locations/linyi/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.reliableplant.com/Read/18236/nova-bus-opens-assembly-plant-in-plattsburgh,-ny |title=Nova Bus opens assembly plant in Plattsburgh, N.Y. |work=Reliable Plant |access-date=10 October 2022 |archive-date=15 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221015221704/https://www.reliableplant.com/Read/18236/nova-bus-opens-assembly-plant-in-plattsburgh,-ny |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ft.com/content/23fbf059-440b-440e-8d1f-c5e1f9727629 |title=Volvo Trucks to take $423mn hit after halting work in Russia |work=Financial Times |first=Robert |last=Wright |date=8 April 2022 |access-date=10 October 2022 |archive-date=15 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221015235342/https://www.ft.com/content/23fbf059-440b-440e-8d1f-c5e1f9727629 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|}

===Trademark===
Volvo Trademark Holding AB is equally owned by AB Volvo and Volvo Car Corporation.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www3.volvo.com/investors/finrep/eng/html/thevolvobrandname/ingress.html |title=Volvo Annual Report 1999 |publisher=.volvo.com |access-date=6 November 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120316204702/http://www3.volvo.com/investors/finrep/eng/html/thevolvobrandname/ingress.html |archive-date=16 March 2012 }}</ref>

The main activity of the company is to own, maintain, protect and preserve the Volvo trademarks, including ''Volvo'', the Volvo branding symbols (grille slash and iron mark), ''Volvo Penta'', on behalf of its owners and to license these rights to its owners. The day-to-day work is focused upon maintaining the global portfolio of trademark registrations, and to extend sufficiently the scope of the registered protection for the Volvo trademarks.

The main business is also to act against unauthorised registration and use (including [[counterfeit]]ing) of trademarks identical or similar to the Volvo trademarks on a global basis.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www3.volvo.com/investors/finrep/eng/index.html |title=The Volvo Brand Name, Volvo Annual Report 1999 |publisher=.volvo.com |access-date=6 November 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110717231302/http://www3.volvo.com/investors/finrep/eng/index.html |archive-date=17 July 2011 }}</ref>

==Collaboration with universities and colleges==
Volvo has a strategic collaboration within research and recruitment with a number of selected colleges and universities, such as [[Penn State University]], [[INSA Lyon]], [[EMLYON Business School]], [[North Carolina State University|NC State University]], [[Sophia University]], [[Chalmers University of Technology]], [[Gothenburg School of Business, Economics and Law|The Gothenburg School of Business, Economics and Law at the University of Gothenburg]], [[Mälardalen University College]], and the [[University of Skövde]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.volvogroup.com/en-en/innovation/collaboration-is-key/academic-partner-program.html|title=Academic Partner Program {{!}} Volvo Group|website=www.volvogroup.com|language=en|access-date=4 August 2022|archive-date=4 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180504034540/http://www.volvogroup.com/en-en/innovation/collaboration-is-key/academic-partner-program.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Communication campaigns ==
In November 2013, Volvo Trucks enlisted [[Jean-Claude Van Damme]] to perform a split between two moving trucks in reverse. The goal of this campaign, titled "Epic Split," was to demonstrate the stability and precision of their "Dynamic Steering" model.<ref>{{Cite web |title=VIDÉO. Jean-Claude Van Damme fait le grand écart entre deux camions en marche arrière |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.fr/actualites/article/video-jean-claude-van-damme-fait-le-grand-ecart-entre-deux-camions-en-marche-arriere_27710.html |website=huffingtonpost|date=14 November 2013 }}</ref> In just three weeks, the video went viral, garnering over 61 million views on [[YouTube (YouTube channel)|YouTube]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=VIDEOS. Jean-Claude Van Damme et Volvo : les secrets d'une pub qui cartonne |url=https://www.leparisien.fr/laparisienne/people/videos-jean-claude-van-damme-et-volvo-les-secrets-d-une-pub-qui-cartonne-05-12-2013-3379655.php |website=le parisien|date=5 December 2013 }}</ref>

Two years after the "Epic Split", Volvo Trucks aimed to demonstrate the durability of one of their trucks by handing over the controls to a four-year-old girl named Sophie. Conceptualized by the Swedish agency Forsman and Bodenfors, the widely shared video clip features Sophie using a remote control to navigate the truck through various obstacles, showcasing the vehicle's robustness and precision.<ref>{{Cite journal |title=L'industrie c'est fou : quand Volvo confie les clés du camion à une fille de 4 ans |url=https://www.usinenouvelle.com/article/l-industrie-c-est-fou-quand-volvo-confie-les-cles-du-camion-a-une-fille-de-4-ans.N367307 |website=usine nouvelle|date=7 December 2015 |last1=Nouvelle |first1=L'Usine }}</ref>

==See also==
* [[Port of Gothenburg]]

==Notes==
{{Reflist|group="note"}}

==References==
{{Reflist|35em}}

== External links ==
{{commons category}}

* {{official website|https://www.volvogroup.com/| Official '''Volvo Group''' website}}
* {{official website|https://www.volvo.com/| Official '''Volvo''' website}} – ''for Volvo-branded companies''.

{{AB Volvo}}
{{Automotive industry in Sweden}}
{{Automotive industry in Thailand}}
{{OMX Stockholm 30 companies}}
{{OMX Nordic 40}}
{{Renault Trucks}}
{{Renault Trucks timeline}}
{{Renault France assembly}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Volvo| ]]
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[[Category:Engine manufacturers of Sweden]]