Editing Vlieland

{{Refimprove|date=May 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates |date=April 2025}}
{{Infobox settlement
<!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions -->
<!-- Name and transliteration -->| name         = Vlieland
| settlement_type                 = [[List of municipalities of the Netherlands|Municipality]]
<!-- Images, nickname, motto -->| image_skyline = {{multiple image
  | total_width            = 280
  | border                 = infobox
  | perrow                 = 1/2/2
  | caption_align          = center
  | image1                 = Veerdam-Vlieland-(1993)-1.jpg
  | alt1                   = Ferry wharf
  | caption1               = Ferry wharf
  | image2                 = Dorpsstraat 148, Vlieland (2014) -4.jpg
  | alt2                   = Former town hall
  | caption2               = Former town hall
  | image3                 = Dorpsstraat 99, Vlieland (2014) -3.jpg
  | alt3                   = Museum Tromp's House
  | caption3               = Museum Tromp's House
  | image4                 = Light house of Oost-Vlieland (Netherlands 2015) (20250937752).jpg
  | alt4                   = Lighthouse
  | caption4               = [[Vuurduin|lighthouse]]
  | image5                 = Drenkelingenhuisje Vlieland 2016.jpg
  | alt5                   = Emergency shelter for shipwreck victims
  | caption5               = Emergency shelter for shipwreck victims
  }}
| image_alt                       = 
| image_caption                   = 
| image_flag                      = Flag of Vlieland.svg
| flag_size                       = 100x67px
| flag_alt                        = 
| image_shield                    = Vlieland wapen.svg
| shield_size                     = 100x80px
| shield_alt                      = <!-- Maps, coordinates -->
| image_map                       = Vlieland locator map municipality NL 2018.png
| map_alt                         = Highlighted position of Vlieland in a municipal map of Friesland
| map_caption                     = Location in Friesland
| coordinates                     = {{coord|53|18|N|5|4|E|region:NL|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates_footnotes           = 
| subdivision_type                = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_name                = [[Netherlands]]
| subdivision_type1               = [[Provinces of the Netherlands|Province]]
| subdivision_name1               = [[Friesland]]
| government_footnotes            = <ref name="mayor_now">{{cite web
 |url         = https://www.vlieland.nl/burgemeester-en-wethouders
 |title       = Burgemeester en wethouders
 |trans-title = Mayor and aldermen
 |language    = nl
 |publisher   = Gemeente Vlieland
 |access-date = 30 May 2024
 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20221127094027/https://www.vlieland.nl/burgemeester-en-wethouders
 |archive-date = 27 November 2022
}}</ref>
| governing_body                  = [[Municipal council (Netherlands)|Municipal council]]
| leader_party                    = [[Socialist Party (Netherlands)|SP]]
| leader_title                    = [[Burgemeester|Mayor]]
| leader_name                     = [[Michiel Schrier]]
<!-- Geographic information -->| unit_pref              = Metric
<!-- ALL fields with measurements have automatic unit conversion -->
<!-- for references: use <ref> tags -->| area_footnotes = <ref>{{Dutch municipality total area|dataref}}</ref>
<!-- square kilometers -->| area_total_km2                  = {{Dutch municipality total area|Vlieland}}
| area_land_km2                   = {{Dutch municipality land area|Vlieland}}
| area_water_km2                  = {{Dutch municipality water area|Vlieland}}
| elevation_footnotes             = <ref name="AHN">{{cite web 
 |url = http://www.ahn.nl/postcodetool
 |title = Postcodetool for 8899AE
 |language = nl
 |author = <!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> 
 |work = Actueel Hoogtebestand Nederland
 |publisher = Het Waterschapshuis
 |access-date = 5 October 2013}}</ref>
| elevation_m                     = 3
| elevation_max_footnotes         = <!-- for references: use <ref> tags -->
| elevation_max_m                 = 
| elevation_min_footnotes         = <!-- for references: use <ref> tags -->
| elevation_min_m                 = <!-- Population, demographics -->
| population_footnotes            = <ref>{{Dutch municipality population|dataref}}</ref>
| population_total                = {{Dutch municipality population|Vlieland}}
| population_as_of                = {{MONTHNAME|{{Dutch municipality population|popbasemonth}}}} {{Dutch municipality population|popbaseyear}}
| population_density_km2          = {{Dutch municipality population density|Vlieland}} <!-- For automatic calculation: auto-->
| population_demonym              = Vlielander
<!-- Other information -->| timezone1 = [[Central European Time|CET]]
| utc_offset1                     = +1
| timezone1_DST                   = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]]
| utc_offset1_DST                 = +2
| postal_code_type                = [[Postal codes in the Netherlands|Postcode]]
| postal_code                     = 8899
| area_code_type                  = [[Telephone numbers in the Netherlands|Area code]]
| area_code                       = 0562
| website                         = {{URL|1=http://www.vlieland.nl}}
| footnotes                       = {{Designation list
| embed = yes
| designation1 = Ramsar
| designation1_offname = Duinen Vlieland
| designation1_date = 29 August 2000
| designation1_number = 2216<ref>{{Cite web|title=Duinen Vlieland|website=[[Ramsar Convention|Ramsar]] Sites Information Service|url=https://rsis.ramsar.org/ris/2216|access-date=25 April 2018}}</ref>}}
}}
[[File:Vlieland-natuur-OpenTopo.jpg|thumb|275px|''Map of the island of Vlieland, December 2014'']]
{{langr |nl |'''Vlieland'''}} ({{IPA|nl|ˈvlilɑnt|-|467 Vlieland.ogg}}; {{langx|fy|Flylân}} {{IPA|fy|ˈflilɔ̃ːn|}}) is a [[Municipalities of the Netherlands|municipality]] and island in the northern [[Netherlands]]. The municipality of Vlieland is the second most sparsely populated municipality in the Netherlands, after [[Schiermonnikoog]].

Vlieland is one of the [[West Frisian Islands]], lying in the [[Wadden Sea]]. It is the second island from the west in the chain, lying between [[Texel]] and [[Terschelling]]. The island was permanently separated from the mainland in [[St. Lucia's flood]] in 1287. Vlieland was named after the [[Vlie]], the seaway between it and Terschelling that was the estuary of the river [[IJssel]] in medieval times. [[Richel]] is a permanently dry sandbank, located about {{convert|1|km}} east of the northernmost point of Vlieland and is administered by the municipality of Vlieland.

==History==
The northern part of the island of [[Texel]], [[Eierland]], once was the southwestern part of Vlieland. A storm surge in 1296 probably separated Eierland from Vlieland.<ref>J.T. Bremer, [https://books.google.com/books?id=c83OJ_OXYFAC&pg=PA100 De genese van de Kop van Noord-Holland en het westelijk Waddengebied], in ''Van Groningen tot Zeeland: geschiedenis van het cultuurhistorisch onderzoek naar het kustlandschap'', Uitgeverij Verloren, 2010, p. 1100</ref> Erosion further diminished the size of Vlieland from the west, leading in 1736 to the disappearance of a second village on Vlieland, [[West-Vlieland]] ({{lang |nl |Westeijnde}}), after the inhabitants had tried for decades to rebuild the town following numerous floods.

During the [[Second World War]], Vlieland became part of the German [[Atlantic Wall]]. The occupying German forces built two anti-aircraft batteries and stationed more soldiers on the island than there were inhabitants. In 1942 the islands of Vlieland and Terschelling were transferred from the province of [[North Holland]] to [[Friesland]] and the situation was not reversed after the war.<ref>[http://www.frieslandzoalshetwas.nl/?q=1&aflnr=62&artid=1 Friesland zoals het was, September 1942] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151224052746/http://www.frieslandzoalshetwas.nl/?q=1&aflnr=62&artid=1 |date=2015-12-24 }}, [[Tresoar]]</ref> The [[:nl:Posthuis van Vlieland|mail station]] in the western part of the island is a reminder that in the past mail was delivered by ferry from Texel.

Because of this history, Vlieland natives do not speak [[West Frisian language|Frisian]]. The original dialect, ''Vlielands'', was related to the dialect of Texel and to other Dutch dialects in North Holland. The last native speaker, Petronella de Boer-Zeylemaker, died in 1993 at the age of 107.<ref>Harrie Scholtmeijer, [http://www.meertens.knaw.nl/jo_daan/12Scholtmeijer.pdf Veranderingen in het Vlielands] at the [[Meertens Institute]] website</ref>

==Geography==
The majority of the landscape of the island consists of sand [[dune]]s, but there are some wooded areas and small meadows. A large part of the island, the western part, consists mainly of sand. There is one village on the island, [[Oost-Vlieland]] ({{langx |fy |East-Flylân|}}). A second village, [[West-Vlieland]], was lost to the sea in 1736.

===Transport===
Vlieland can be reached by ferry from the Frisian town of [[Harlingen, Netherlands|Harlingen]] on the mainland. Ferries are operated by Doeksen and the journey takes 45 minutes to 1.5 hours to cross the [[Wadden Sea]] and part of the [[North Sea]].<ref>{{cite web|title=TIME TABLE|url=http://www.rederij-doeksen.nl/departures/73-time-table?locale=en|website=www.rederij-doeksen.nl|access-date=18 December 2015|archive-date=16 July 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160716124523/http://www.rederij-doeksen.nl/departures/73-time-table?locale=en|url-status=dead}}</ref> Tourists are not allowed to bring cars with them on the ferry. A summer-only ferry service runs between [[De Cocksdorp]] on the neighboring island of Texel and the westernmost point of Vlieland.<ref>{{cite web|title=Texel-Vlieland v.v.|url=https://waddenveer.nl/texel-vlieland-v-v|access-date=18 December 2015|archive-date=11 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171111042019/https://waddenveer.nl/texel-vlieland-v-v|url-status=dead}}</ref> The most common form of transport on the island is the bicycle; a network of cycle paths criss-cross the island. A bus service runs from the ferry terminal to the village and campsites after the arrival of a ferry, and some time before departure. There is a very [[Vlieland Heliport|small heliport]] near the village, but it is only used for [[Search and rescue|SAR]] flights.
[[File:Vlieland 4.97510E 53.24575N.jpg|200px|thumb|upright|Vlieland. Satellite view]]

===Climate===
Vlieland, being the outermost of the Frisian barrier islands, sees its climate the most moderated by the North- and [[Wadden Sea]]. As is the case with the other West Frisian islands, sunshine hours are among the highest in the Netherlands. Temperature extremes are rare; on average only 6 times a year does the daytime high exceed {{convert|25|°C}}, and a high above {{convert|30|°C}} happens on average only once every three years. This also counts for extreme cold; only on five days a year does the temperature stay below {{convert|0|°C}} for a whole 24-hour period, and nighttime frost happens on less than 40 nights a year. Nights below {{convert|-10|°C}} only happen on average once every two years. Wind is abundant however, the average wind speed on Vlieland is almost {{convert|8|m/s}}. Gale-force winds occur on average nine days per year.

{{Weather box|location = Vlieland (10m amsl)
|metric first = Yes
|single line = Yes
|Jan high C = 5.5
|Feb high C = 5.3
|Mar high C = 7.4
|Apr high C = 11.1
|May high C = 14.7
|Jun high C = 17.2
|Jul high C = 19.8
|Aug high C = 20.4
|Sep high C = 17.7
|Oct high C = 14.1
|Nov high C = 10.0
|Dec high C = 6.7
|year high C = 12.3
|Jan mean C = 3.7
|Feb mean C = 3.5
|Mar mean C = 5.2
|Apr mean C = 8.1
|May mean C = 11.5
|Jun mean C = 14.3
|Jul mean C = 16.8
|Aug mean C = 17.5
|Sep mean C = 15.1
|Oct mean C = 11.5
|Nov mean C = 7.7
|Dec mean C = 4.8
|year mean C = 10.2
|Jan low C = 1.8
|Feb low C = 1.6
|Mar low C = 3.1
|Apr low C = 5.0
|May low C = 8.4
|Jun low C = 11.3
|Jul low C = 13.7
|Aug low C = 14.6
|Sep low C = 12.4
|Oct low C = 9.0
|Nov low C = 5.3
|Dec low C = 2.5
|year low C = 7.6
|Jan precipitation mm = 72
|Feb precipitation mm = 49
|Mar precipitation mm = 55
|Apr precipitation mm = 32
|May precipitation mm = 45
|Jun precipitation mm = 50
|Jul precipitation mm = 68
|Aug precipitation mm = 72
|Sep precipitation mm = 89
|Oct precipitation mm = 105
|Nov precipitation mm = 98
|Dec precipitation mm = 82
|year precipitation mm = 919
|Jan precipitation days= 12
|Feb precipitation days= 10
|Mar precipitation days= 11
|Apr precipitation days= 7
|May precipitation days= 8
|Jun precipitation days= 9
|Jul precipitation days= 10
|Aug precipitation days= 11
|Sep precipitation days= 13
|Oct precipitation days= 14
|Nov precipitation days= 16
|Dec precipitation days= 15
|year precipitation days= 135
|Jan humidity= 86
|Feb humidity= 83
|Mar humidity= 80
|Apr humidity= 73
|May humidity= 72
|Jun humidity= 73
|Jul humidity= 74
|Aug humidity= 73
|Sep humidity= 75
|Oct humidity= 79
|Nov humidity= 83
|Dec humidity= 86
|year humidity= 78
|Jan sun = 68
|Feb sun = 99
|Mar sun = 142
|Apr sun = 204
|May sun = 247
|Jun sun = 228
|Jul sun = 239
|Aug sun = 213
|Sep sun = 156
|Oct sun = 118
|Nov sun = 70
|Dec sun = 61
|year sun = 1835
|date=July 2012}}

==Politics==
Vlieland has a nine-member [[Municipal council (Netherlands)|municipal council]] elected every four years. The results of the [[2022 Dutch municipal elections|2022 election]] are shown in the table below.<ref>{{Cite web |date=16 March 2022 |title=Vlieland municipal election 2022 |url=https://www.verkiezingsuitslagen.nl/verkiezingen/detail/GR20220316/731319|access-date=30 May 2024|website=verkiezingsuitslagen.nl|language=nl}}</ref> Michiel Schrier ([[Socialist Party (Netherlands)|Socialist Party]]) has been mayor of Vlieland since 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.vlieland.nl/burgemeester-en-wethouders |title=Burgemeester en wethouders |website=vlieland.nl |date=20 July 2023 |language=nl |access-date=30 May 2024}}</ref> 


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right"
! rowspan="2" colspan="2" width="300"| Party
! colspan="2"| Popular vote
! rowspan="2"| Seats
|-
! width="85"| Votes
! width="50"| %
|-
| bgcolor="#252f62"|
| align="left"| Lijst Fier
| 253 || 38.63
| {{Composition bar|3|9|hex=#252f62}}
|-
| bgcolor="#252f62"|
| align="left"| Nieuw Liberaal Vlieland (NLV)
| 187 || 28.55
| {{Composition bar|3|9|hex=#252f62}}
|-
| bgcolor="#518c53"|
| align="left"| Algemeen Belang Vlieland (ABV)
| 141 || 21.53
| {{Composition bar|2|9|hex=#518c53}}
|-
| bgcolor="#007000"|
| align="left"| {{illm|GroenWit|nl|}} (GW)
| 74 || 11.3
| {{Composition bar|1|9|hex=#007000}}
|}

==Economy==
Tourism is the main source of income on Vlieland. There are approximately 15 hotels, and several hundred apartments and holiday homes. Vlieland has two [[campsite]]s. 

''Here Comes The Summer'' and ''Into The Great Wide Open'' are two music festivals, held respectively in late April and in late August.<ref>[https://www.facebook.com/pages/greatwideopen/70163379568 Into The Great Wide Open Facebook - ''Into The Great Wide Open'']</ref>

== Notable people ==
* [[Willem de Vlamingh]] (1640 in Oost-Vlieland – 1698) a Dutch sea captain who explored the coast of Australia, then [[New Holland (Australia)|New Holland]]
* [[Nicolaas Kruik]] (1678 in West-Vlieland – 1754) a Dutch land surveyor, cartographer, astronomer and weatherman; remembered for the [[Museum De Cruquius]]

==Gallery==
{{Gallery
|align=centre <!-- default left -->
<!-- |width=180 -->
|height=180
|mode=packed

|File:Sint-Nicolaaskerk Vlieland gezien vanaf het kerkhof.jpg
|St. Nicolas church ({{lang |nl |Nicolaas Kerk}}) in Oost-Vlieland

|File:Vlieland - View NE towards the Isle of Terschelling.jpg
|Dunes on the northern shore of Vlieland looking towards [[Terschelling]]

|File:Vlieland Sea.JPG
|Vlieland, beach at dusk

|File:Texel-Vlieland-2020-Luka-Peternel.jpg
|Aerial view of southern part of Vlieland from [[Texel]]
}}

==References==
{{Reflist |30em}}

== External links ==
* {{Official website|http://www.vlieland.nl}}
* [http://www.vlieland.net Tourist office website]

{{Subject bar |auto=y |portal1=Netherlands |portal2=Geography |portal3=Islands}}
{{Geographic location
 | Centre    = Vlieland
 | Northeast = [[Terschelling]]
 | East = [[Richel]]
 | Southeast = ''[[Wadden Sea]]''<br/>[[Harlingen, Netherlands|Harlingen]]
 | Southwest = [[Texel]]&nbsp;([[North Holland|NH]])
 | Northwest = ''[[North Sea]]''
}}
{{Friesland Province}}
{{Authority control}}
{{Frisian Islands}}

[[Category:Vlieland| ]]
[[Category:Municipalities of Friesland]]
[[Category:Former municipalities of North Holland]]
[[Category:Islands of Friesland]]
[[Category:West Frisian Islands]]
[[Category:Ramsar sites in the Netherlands]]
[[Category:Car-free islands of Europe]]