Editing Vitaceae

{{Short description|Family of flowering plants that includes grapes and Virginia creeper}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| taxon = Vitaceae
| fossil_range = {{fossil range|Maastrichtian|present|ref=<ref>{{Cite web |title=Vitales |url=https://www.mobot.org/mobot/research/apweb/orders/vitalesweb.html |access-date=2023-12-25 |website=www.mobot.org}}</ref>}}
| image = Grapes03.jpg
| image_caption = ''[[Vitis vinifera]]'', wine grapes
| parent_authority = [[Antoine Laurent de Jussieu|Juss.]] ex Bercht. & J.Presl
| authority = [[Antoine Laurent de Jussieu|Juss.]], [[Conserved name|nom. cons.]]
| synonyms =
*Ampelidopsaceae
*Ampelopsidaceae
*Cissaceae
*Leeaceae
*Pterisanthaceae
*Vintaceae
| synonyms_ref = <ref name = "GBIF">Vitaceae. (n.d.). GBIF | Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Retrieved January 7, 2024, from https://www.gbif.org/species/6672</ref>
}}

The '''Vitaceae''' are a family of [[flowering plant]]s, with 14 genera and around 910 known species,<ref name="Christenhusz-Byng2016">{{cite journal |author1=Christenhusz, M. J. M. |author2=Byng, J. W.  |name-list-style=amp | year=2016 | title=The number of known plants species in the world and its annual increase | journal=Phytotaxa | volume=261 | pages=201–217 | url=http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/download/phytotaxa.261.3.1/20598 | doi=10.11646/phytotaxa.261.3.1 | issue=3 | publisher=Magnolia Press | doi-access=free }}</ref> including common plants such as [[Vitis|grapevines]] (''Vitis'' spp.) and [[Parthenocissus quinquefolia|Virginia creeper]] (''Parthenocissus quinquefolia''). The family name is derived from the genus ''[[Vitis]]''.

Most ''Vitis'' species have 38 [[chromosomes]] (n=19), but 40 (n=20) in subgenus ''[[Muscadinia]]'', while ''[[Ampelocissus]]'', ''[[Parthenocissus]]'', and ''[[Ampelopsis]]'' also have 40 chromosomes (n=20) and ''[[Cissus]]'' has 24 chromosomes (n=12).

The family is economically important as the [[Berry (botany)|berries]] of ''Vitis'' species, commonly known as [[grape]]s, are an important fruit crop and, when fermented, produce [[wine]].

Species of the genus ''[[Tetrastigma]]'' serve as hosts to [[parasitic plant]]s in the family [[Rafflesiaceae]].

==Taxonomy==
The name sometimes appears as '''Vitidaceae''', but Vitaceae is a [[conserved name]] and therefore has priority over both Vitidaceae and another name sometimes found in the older literature, '''Ampelidaceae'''. In the [[APG III system]] (2009) onwards, the family is placed in its own order, '''Vitales'''. [[Molecular phylogenetics|Molecular phylogenetic]] studies place the Vitales as the most basal clade in the [[rosids]].<ref name=APG4>{{Cite journal |last=Angiosperm Phylogeny Group |year=2016 |title=An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV |journal=Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society |volume=181 |issue=1 |pages=1–20 |doi=10.1111/boj.12385 |url=https://academic.oup.com/botlinnean/article-pdf/181/1/1/7223756/boj12385.pdf |doi-access=free }}</ref> In the [[Cronquist system]], the family was placed near the family [[Rhamnaceae]] in order [[Rhamnales]].

''[[Plants of the World Online]]'' currently includes the following genera, placed in two subfamilies:
===Leeoideae===
* ''[[Leea]]'' <small>D.Royen</small>: previously placed in its own [[monotypic]] family, Leeaceae, was included in Vitaceae by [[APG IV]] (2016)<ref name=APG4/> and the [[Angiosperm]] Phylogeny Website.
===Vitoideae===
Five tribes are now recognised in this subfamily:<ref name="WEN"/>
;Ampelopsideae
[[File:Ampelopsis glandulosa var. heterophylla 0810.jpg|thumb|right|''Ampelopsis glandulosa'' var. ''heterophylla'']]
* ''[[Ampelopsis]]'' <small>A.Rich. ex Michx.</small> (pepper-vines)
* ''[[Clematicissus]]'' <small>Planch.</small>
* ''[[Nekemias]]'' <small>Raf.</small>
* ''[[Rhoicissus]]'' <small>Planch.</small>
;[[Cayratieae]]
[[File:Tetrastigma leucostaphylum 09.JPG|thumb|right|''Tetrastigma leucostaphylum'']]
* ''[[Acareosperma]]'' <small>Gagnep.</small>
* ''[[Afrocayratia]]'' {{small|J.Wen, L.M.Lu, Rabarij. & Z.D.Chen}}
* ''[[Causonis]]'' <small>Raf.</small>
* ''[[Cayratia]]'' <small>Juss.</small>
* ''[[Cyphostemma]]'' <small>(Planch.) Alston</small>
* ''[[Pseudocayratia]]'' <small>J.Wen, L.M.Lu & Z.D.Chen</small>
* ''[[Tetrastigma]]'' <small>(Miq.) Planch.</small>
;Cisseae
[[File:Starr 071024-9714 Cissus nodosa.jpg|thumb|right|''Cissus nodosa'']]
* ''[[Cissus]]'' <small>L.</small> (treebinds) - widespread in  tropics & subtropics
;Parthenocisseae
[[File:Parthenocissus quinquefolia fructis.jpg|thumb|right|''Parthenocissus quinquefolia'']]
* ''[[Parthenocissus]]'' <small>Planch.</small>
* ''[[Yua (plant)|Yua]]'' <small>C.L.Li</small>
;Viteae
* ''[[Ampelocissus]]'' <small>Planch.</small>
* ''[[Vitis]]'' <small>L.</small> (includes grape vine)
;tribe ''incertae sedis''
* ''[[Pterisanthes]]'' <small>Blume</small> (Indochina, Malesia)

==Earliest fossil history==
Well preserved-fruits of ''[[Indovitis|Indovitis chitaleyae]]'' containing seeds with similar morphology to the Vitaceae have been recovered from [[Late Cretaceous]] [[Deccan Plateau|Deccan]] [[Intertrappean beds]] of several sites in central [[India]]. These fruits and their dispersed seeds found in the same sediments, about 66 million years old, represent the oldest known fossils of the grape family. The fossil fruits containing 4 to 6 seeds are very similar to extant ''Vitis''.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Manchester |first1=Steven R. |last2=Kapgate |first2=Dashrath K. |last3=Wen |first3=Jun  |title=Oldest fruits of the grape family (Vitaceae) from the Late Cretaceous Deccan cherts of India |journal=Am. J. Bot. |volume=100 |issue=9 |pages=1849–59 |date=September 2013 |pmid=24036414 |doi=10.3732/ajb.1300008 |jstor=23596215 }}.</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist|refs=
<ref name="WEN">{{cite journal |doi=10.1111/jse.12427 |title=A new phylogenetic tribal classification of the grape family (Vitaceae) |date=2018 |last1=Wen |first1=Jun |last2=Lu |first2=Li-Min |last3=Nie |first3=Ze-Long |last4=Liu |first4=Xiu-Qun |last5=Zhang |first5=Ning |last6=Ickert-Bond |first6=Stefanie |last7=Gerrath |first7=Jean |last8=Manchester |first8=Steven R. |last9=Boggan |first9=John |last10=Chen |first10=Zhi-Duan |journal=Journal of Systematics and Evolution |volume=56 |issue=4 |pages=262–272 |bibcode=2018JSyEv..56..262W }}</ref>
}}

{{Refbegin}}
*{{cite journal |first1=R.K. |last1=Jansen |first2=C. |last2=Kaittanis |first3=S.B. |last3=Lee |first4=C. |last4=Saski |first5=J. |last5=Tomkins |first6=A.J. |last6=Alverson |first7=H. |last7=Daniell |title=Phylogenetic analyses of Vitis (Vitaceae) based on complete chloroplast genome sequences: effects of taxon sampling and phylogenetic methods on resolving relationships among rosids |journal=BMC Evol. Biol. |volume=6 |pages=32 |date=April 2006 |issue=1 |pmid=16603088 |pmc=1479384 |doi=10.1186/1471-2148-6-32 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2006BMCEE...6...32J }}
*[http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/Research/APweb/orders/vitalesweb.html#Vitales Vitaceae] at the [http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/Research/APweb Angiosperm Phylogeny Web]
* [http://delta-intkey.com/angio/www/vitidace.htm Vitidaceae] in [http://delta-intkey.com/angio/ L. Watson and M.J. Dallwitz (1992 onwards). The families of flowering plants: descriptions, illustrations, identification, information retrieval.] http://delta-intkey.com
{{Refend}}
{{Commons category}}

{{Angiosperm orders}}
{{Angiosperm families}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q26220}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Vitaceae| ]]
[[Category:Rosid families]]