Editing Vidor, Texas

{{For|the Italian commune|Vidor}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=July 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
|official_name            = Vidor, Texas 
|settlement_type          = [[Administrative divisions of Texas|City]]
|nickname                 = 
|motto                    = 
<!-- Images --------------->
|image_skyline            = Vidor Texas City Hall 2018.jpg
|imagesize                = 275px
|image_caption            = Vidor City Hall
|image_flag               = 
|image_seal               = 
<!-- Maps ----------------->
|image_map                = Orange County Vidor.svg
|mapsize                  = 250px
|map_caption              = Location of Vidor<br>within [[Orange County, Texas|Orange County]], [[Texas]]
|image_map1               = 
|mapsize1                 = 
|map_caption1             = 
<!-- Location ------------->
|subdivision_type         = Country
|subdivision_name         = United States
|subdivision_type1        = [[U.S. state|State]]
|subdivision_name1        = [[Texas]]
|subdivision_type2        = [[List of counties in Texas|County]]
|subdivision_name2        = [[Orange County, Texas|Orange]]
<!-- Government ----------->
|government_footnotes     = <ref>{{cite web|title=The City Council of Vidor, Texas |url=https://www.cityofvidor.com/government/city-council |publisher=City of Vidor, Texas |access-date=October 18, 2024}}</ref>
|government_type          = [[Council–manager government|Council-Manager]]
|leader_title             = [[Mayor]]
|leader_name              = Misty Songe
|leader_title1            = [[Municipal council|City Council]]
|leader_name1             = Mercedes Lee<br>Nicole McGowan<br>Michael Thompson<br>Jessica Barker<br>MiKayla Borque<br>Kathryn Weldon
|established_title        = Founded
|established_date         = 1898
|established_title1       = [[Municipal corporation|Incorporated]]
|established_date1        = 1960
<!-- Area ----------------->
|unit_pref                = Imperial
|area_footnotes           = <ref name="CenPopGazetteer2024">{{cite web|title=2024 U.S. Gazetteer Files|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2024_Gazetteer/2024_gaz_place_48.txt|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=October 18, 2024}}</ref>
|area_magnitude           = 
|area_total_km2           = 31.385
|area_land_km2            = 31.119
|area_water_km2           = 0.268
|area_total_sq_mi         = 12.118
|area_land_sq_mi          = 12.015
|area_water_sq_mi         = 0.103
<!-- Population ----------->
|population_as_of         = [[2020 United States census|2020]]
|population_est           = 9738
|pop_est_as_of            = 2023
|pop_est_footnotes        = <ref name="USCensusEst2023"/>
|population_footnotes     = <ref name="2020 Census (City)"/>
|population_total         = 9789
|population_density_km2   = 312.91
|population_density_sq_mi = 810.41
<!-- General information -->
|timezone                 = [[Central Time Zone|Central (CST)]]
|utc_offset               = −6
|timezone_DST             = CDT
|utc_offset_DST           = −5
|elevation_footnotes      = <ref name=gnis/>
|elevation_m              = 6
|elevation_ft             = 20
|coordinates              = {{Coord|30|07|40|N|93|59|47|W|region:US-TX_type:city|display=inline,title}}
|postal_code_type         = [[ZIP Code]]s
|postal_code              = 77662, 77670
|area_code                = [[Area code 409|409]]
|blank_name               = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]]
|blank_info               = 48-75476
|blank1_name              = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID
|blank1_info              = 2412157<ref name=gnis>{{GNIS|2412157}}</ref>
|blank2_name              = [[Sales tax]]
|blank2_info              = 8.25%<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.avalara.com/taxrates/en/state-rates/texas/cities/vidor.html|title=Vidor (TX) sales tax rate|access-date=October 18, 2024}}</ref>
|website                  = {{URL|https://www.cityofvidor.com/|cityofvidor.com}}
|footnotes                = 
}}

'''Vidor''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|v|aɪ|d|ər}} {{respell|VY|dər}}) is a city in western [[Orange County, Texas|Orange County]], [[Texas]], United States.  A city of [[Southeast Texas]], it lies at the intersection of [[Interstate 10 in Texas|Interstate 10]] and [[Farm to Market Road 105]], {{convert|6|mi}} east of [[Beaumont, Texas|Beaumont]]. The town is mainly a [[bedroom community]] for the nearby refining complexes in Beaumont and [[Port Arthur, Texas|Port Arthur]] and is part of the Beaumont-Port Arthur [[Beaumont–Port Arthur metropolitan area|metropolitan statistical area]]. The population was 9,789 at the [[2020 United States census|2020 census]].<ref name="2020 Census (City)">{{cite web|title=Explore Census Data |url=https://data.census.gov/profile/Vidor_city,_Texas?g=160XX00US4875476 |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] |access-date=October 18, 2024}}</ref>

Historically, Vidor has been described as a [[sundown town]], a term used to describe racially homogeneous communities, specifically [[racial segregation|all-white]] towns, that have shown hostility to people of other races after sunset. Vidor's segregated public housing practices were formally abolished in 1993 after U.S. District Judge [[William Wayne Justice]] issued an order to desegregate 36 counties in Texas, which included public housing in Vidor. The [[Ku Klux Klan]] responded by hosting rallies in support of an all-white Vidor, though some citizens protested the anti-Black coalition.<ref name="Baltimore-Sun 1993 Sep 3" />

==History==
The area was heavily logged after the construction of the [[Texarkana and Fort Smith Railway]] that was later part of a line that ran from [[Kansas City, Missouri|Kansas City]] to Port Arthur, Texas. The city was named after lumberman Charles Shelton Vidor, owner of the Miller-Vidor Lumber Company and father of director [[King Vidor]]. By 1909, the Vidor community had a post office and four years later a company tram road was built. Almost all Vidor residents worked for the company. In 1924, the Miller-Vidor Lumber Company moved to Lakeview, just north of Vidor, in search of virgin timber. A small settlement remained and the Miller-Vidor subdivision was laid out in 1929. Vidor was incorporated in 1960.<ref name="About Us" />

Vidor had a reputation as a "'''[[sundown town]]'''", where [[African American]]s are not allowed after sunset.<ref name="Texas-Monthly 2020 Jun 6" /><ref name="Loewen 2005" /> In 1993, after district court judge [[William Wayne Justice]] ordered that 36 counties in [[East Texas]], including Vidor, desegregate public housing by making some units available for minorities, the [[Ku Klux Klan]] held a march in the community after a long legal battle was lost by Vidor's leaders. Church leaders held a well-attended prayer rally in opposition to the KKK hatred.<ref name="CNN 2006 Dec 13" /><ref name="Baltimore-Sun 1993 Sep 3" /><ref name="LATimes 1993 Sep 3" /> After four Black families moved into the complex, the residents suffered racial threats, including a bomb threat to the complex. All nine Black residents eventually moved out under this pressure.<ref name="WaPo 1993 Sep 3" /> One of the residents, Bill Simpson, was interviewed about his negative experiences while living there. "I've had people who drive by and tell me they're going home to get a rope and come back and hang me. . . ."<ref name="WaPo 1993 Sep 3" /> During the [[George Floyd protests]] of 2020, Black Lives Matter held a rally in Vidor that was attended by a diverse crowd of 150–200 people.<ref name="Texas-Monthly 2020 Jun 6" /><ref name="The-Independent 2020 Jun 18" />

In 2005, 2008, and 2017, Vidor and surrounding areas suffered extensive damage from, respectively, [[Hurricane Rita|Hurricanes Rita]], [[Hurricane Ike|Ike]] and [[Hurricane Harvey|Harvey]]. A mandatory evacuation was imposed upon its residents for about two weeks.

==Geography==
According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the city has an area of {{convert|12.118|sqmi|sqkm|2}}, of which {{convert|12.015|sqmi|sqkm|2}} is land and {{convert|0.103|sqmi|sqkm|2}} is water.<ref name="CenPopGazetteer2024"/>

==Demographics==
{{US Census population
|1950= 2136
|1960= 4938
|1970= 9738
|1980= 11834
|1990= 10935
|2000= 11440
|2010= 10579
|2020= 9789
|estyear=2023
|estimate=9738
|estref=<ref name="USCensusEst2023">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/data/tables/time-series/demo/popest/2020s-total-cities-and-towns.html |date=October 18, 2024|title=City and Town Population Totals: 2020-2023|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=October 18, 2024}}</ref>
|align-fn=center
|footnote=U.S. Decennial Census<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html|title=Census of Population and Housing|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=June 4, 2015}}</ref><br>Texas Almanac: 1850-2000<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.texasalmanac.com/sites/default/files/images/CityPopHist%20web.pdf|title=Texas Almanac: City Population History from 1850–2000|author=Texas Almanac|access-date=October 18, 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.texasalmanac.com/sites/default/files/images/topics/ctypophistweb2010.pdf|title=Texas Almanac: Population History of Counties from 1850–2010|author=Texas Almanac|access-date=October 18, 2024}}</ref><br>2020 Census<ref name="2020 Census (City)"/>
}}

===2020 census===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|+'''Vidor city, Texas – racial and ethnic composition'''<br><small>{{nobold|''Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race.''}}</small>
! Race / ethnicity <small>(''NH = non-Hispanic'')</small>
! Pop. 2000<ref name=2000CensusP004>{{Cite web|title=P004: Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2000: DEC Summary File 1 – Vidor city, Texas|url=https://data.census.gov/table?g=160XX00US4875476&tid=DECENNIALSF12000.P004|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=October 18, 2024}}</ref>
! Pop. 2010<ref name=2010CensusP2>{{Cite web|title=P2: Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2010: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Vidor city, Texas|url=https://data.census.gov/table?q=p2&g=160XX00US4875476&tid=DECENNIALPL2010.P2|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=October 18, 2024}}</ref>
! {{partial|Pop. 2020}}<ref name=2020CensusP2>{{Cite web|title=P2: Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2020: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Vidor city, Texas|url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=p2&g=160XX00US4875476&tid=DECENNIALPL2020.P2|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=October 18, 2024}}</ref>
! % 2000
! % 2010
! {{partial|% 2020}}
|-
| [[Non-Hispanic or Latino whites|White]] alone (NH)
| 10,844
| 9,796
| style='background: #ffffe6; |8,671
| 94.79%
| 92.60%
| style='background: #ffffe6; |88.58%
|-
| [[Non-Hispanic or Latino African Americans|Black or African American]] alone (NH)
| 8
| 13
| style='background: #ffffe6; |39
| 0.07%
| 0.12%
| style='background: #ffffe6; |0.40%
|-
| [[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]] or [[Alaska Native]] alone (NH)
| 52
| 43
| style='background: #ffffe6; |47
| 0.45%
| 0.41%
| style='background: #ffffe6; |0.48%
|-
| [[Asian Americans|Asian]] alone (NH)
| 22
| 51
| style='background: #ffffe6; |50
| 0.19%
| 0.48%
| style='background: #ffffe6; |0.51%
|-
| [[Pacific Islander Americans|Pacific Islander]] alone (NH)
| 3
| 19
| style='background: #ffffe6; |0
| 0.03%
| 0.18%
| style='background: #ffffe6; |0.00%
|-
| [[Race and ethnicity in the United States census|Other race]] alone (NH)
| 2
| 9
| style='background: #ffffe6; |11
| 0.02%
| 0.09%
| style='background: #ffffe6; |0.11%
|-
| [[Multiracial Americans|Mixed race or multiracial]] (NH)
| 110
| 108
| style='background: #ffffe6; |294
| 0.96%
| 1.02%
| style='background: #ffffe6; |3.00%
|-
| [[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic or Latino]] (any race)
| 399
| 540
| style='background: #ffffe6; |677
| 3.49%
| 5.10%
| style='background: #ffffe6; |6.92%
|-
|'''Total'''
|'''11,440'''
|'''10,579'''
|style='background: #ffffe6; |'''9,789'''
|'''100.00%'''
|'''100.00%'''
|style='background: #ffffe6; |'''100.00%'''
|}
As of the [[2020 United States census|2020 census]], there were 9,789 people, 3,727 households, and 2,531 families residing in the city.<ref>{{Cite web|title=US Census Bureau, Table P16: Household Type |url=https://data.census.gov/table?q=Vidor%20city,%20Texas%20p16&y=2020 |access-date=October 18, 2024 |publisher=United States Census Bureau}}</ref> The [[population density]] was {{convert|814.7|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|1}}. There were 4,405 housing units. The racial makeup of the city was 91.7% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 0.4% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 0.6% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 0.5% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 0.0% [[Race (U.S. Census)|Pacific Islander]], 1.6% from some other races and 5.2% from two or more races. [[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic or Latino]] people of any race were 6.92% of the population.<ref>{{Cite web|title=How many people live in Vidor city, Texas |url=https://data.usatoday.com/census/total-population/total-population-change/vidor-city-texas/160-4875476/ |access-date=October 18, 2024 |publisher=USA Today}}</ref>

====2022 American Community Survey (ACS)====
There are 3,851 households accounted for in the 2022 ACS, with an average of 2.50 persons per household. The city's a median gross rent is $791 in the 2022 ACS. The 2022 ACS reports a median household income of $56,866, with 73.8% of households are owner occupied. 7.9% of the city's population lives at or below the [[Poverty in the United States|poverty line]] (down from previous ACS surveys). The city boasts a 59.8% employment rate, with 9.9% of the population holding a bachelor's degree or higher and 87.1% holding a high school diploma.<ref>{{Cite web|title=U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts: Vidor city, Texas|url=https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/vidorcitytexas/PST045223|access-date=October 18, 2024|website=www.census.gov|language=en}}</ref>

The top nine reported ancestries (people were allowed to report up to two ancestries, thus the figures will generally add to more than 100%) were German (18.1%), Irish (12.4%), French (except Basque) (11.3%), English (8.0%), Italian (2.1%), Scottish (0.9%), Norwegian (0.7%), Polish (0.5%), and Subsaharan African (0.0%).

The median age in the city was 40.7 years.

===2010 census===
As of the [[2010 United States census|2010 census]], there were 10,579 people, 3,969 households, and _ families residing in the city. The population density was {{convert|902.9|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|1}}. There were 4,397 housing units. The racial makeup of the city was 95.7% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 0.1% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 0.5% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 0.5% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 0.2% [[Race (U.S. Census)|Pacific Islander]], 1.5% from some other races and 1.5% from two or more races. [[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic or Latino]] people of any race were 5.1% of the population.

===2000 census===
As of the [[2000 United States census|2000 census]], there were 11,440 people, 4,222 households, and 3,158 families were residing in the city. The population density was {{convert|1083.6|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|1}}. There were 4,652 housing units averaged 440.6 per square mile (170.1/km{{sup|2}}). The racial makeup of the city was 97.3% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 0.1% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 0.5% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 0.2% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 0.0% [[Race (U.S. Census)|Pacific Islander]], 0.73% from some other races and 1.21% from two or more races. [[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic or Latino]] people of any race were 3.49% of the population.

Of the 4,222 households, 34.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.3% were married couples living together, 13.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 25.2% were not families. About 22.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.66, and the average family size was 3.09.

In the city, the population distribution was 26.7% under the age of 18, 9.9% from 18 to 24, 27.4% from 25 to 44, 21.9% from 45 to 64, and 14.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females, there were 91.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 87.1 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $31,982, and for a family was $37,572. Males had a median income of $35,781 versus $21,054 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the city was $15,381. About 10.7% of families and 14.5% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 19.5% of those under age 18 and 8.9% of those age 65 or over.

==Education==
The City of Vidor is served by the [[Vidor Independent School District]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/DC2020/PL20/st48_tx/schooldistrict_maps/c48361_orange/DC20SD_C48361.pdf|title=2020 CENSUS - SCHOOL DISTRICT REFERENCE MAP: Orange County, TX|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=September 26, 2024}} - [https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/DC2020/PL20/st48_tx/schooldistrict_maps/c48361_orange/DC20SD_C48361_SD2MS.txt Text list]</ref> which is the largest{{which|date=September 2024}}<!--area or population?--> of the six school districts in the county.

==Notable people==
* [[Tracy Byrd]], country music artist
* [[Dean Corll]], prolific 1970s Houston serial killer
* [[Tamara Hext]], 1984 Miss Texas
* [[John Hirasaki]], NASA mechanical engineer
* [[George Jones]], country music artist
* [[Roger Mobley]], former child actor, was a police detective in Vidor
* [[David Ozio]], [[Professional Bowlers Association]] and [[United States Bowling Congress|USBC]] Hall of Famer
* [[It's Five O'Clock Somewhere|Don Rollins]], songwriter, co-author of "It's Five O'Clock Somewhere"
* [[Billie Jo Spears]], country music artist
* [[Clay Walker]], country music artist

==See also==
* [[List of sundown towns in the United States]]

==Notes==
{{Notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist|30em|refs=

<!--A-->
<ref name="About Us">{{Cite web |title=About Us |url=https://www.cityofvidor.com/about-us |access-date=August 5, 2024 |website=CityOfVidor.com}}</ref>

<!--B-->
<ref name="Baltimore-Sun 1993 Sep 3">{{Cite news |date=September 3, 1993 |title=Black Flees Mean Town, Dies in Next Gentle Giant Victim of Robbers |url=https://www.baltimoresun.com/news/bs-xpm-1993-09-03-1993246175-story.html |access-date=January 12, 2021 |work=[[The Baltimore Sun]] |page=1 (section A) |language=en-US |type=dateline: Houston → article, by J. Michael Kennedy, is from the [[Los Angeles Times–Washington Post News Service]] |edition=Final |volume=313 |issue=95 |ref={{SfnRef|''Baltimore Sun'', September 3,|1993|p= }} |archive-date=June 22, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210622112104/https://www.baltimoresun.com/news/bs-xpm-1993-09-03-1993246175-story.html |url-status=live }} {{ProQuest|306458805}} (US Newsstream database).</ref>

<!--C-->
<ref name="CNN 2006 Dec 13">{{Cite news |last=Oppenheim |first=Keith |date=December 13, 2006 |title=Texas City Haunted by 'No Blacks After Dark' Past |url=https://www.cnn.com/2006/US/12/08/oppenheim.sundown.town/ |access-date=January 6, 2019 |work=[[CNN]] |location=Vidor, Texas |ref={{SfnRef|''CNN'', December 13,|2006}} |archive-date=January 14, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190114060815/http://www.cnn.com/2006/US/12/08/oppenheim.sundown.town/ |url-status=live }}
<div style="margin-left:3em">
One of the first African-American residents, Bill Simpson, was murdered soon after he arrived.</div></ref>

<!--H-->
<ref name="Texas-Monthly 2020 Jun 6">{{Cite journal |last=Hooks |first=Christopher |date=June 6, 2020 |title=Black Lives Matter Comes to Vidor – Yes, Vidor |url=https://www.texasmonthly.com/news/black-lives-matter-vidor/ |journal=[[Texas Monthly]] |language=en |access-date=August 5, 2020 |ref={{SfnRef|Hooks, June 6,|2020|p=}} |archive-date=July 30, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200730201909/https://www.texasmonthly.com/news/black-lives-matter-vidor/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

<!--I-->
<ref name="The-Independent 2020 Jun 18">{{Cite news |last=Hall |first=Richard |date=June 18, 2020 |title=Vidor Was Known for Its KKK Past – Then Black Lives Matter Came to Town |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/vidor-texas-kkk-black-lives-matter-protests-a9571156.html |access-date=January 12, 2021 |work=[[The Independent]] |language=en |ref={{SfnRef|''The Independent'', June 18,|2020|}} |archive-date=January 14, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210114121414/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/vidor-texas-kkk-black-lives-matter-protests-a9571156.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

<!--L-->

<!-- Not in use
<ref name="LATimes 1993 Feb 9">{{cite news |ref={{SfnRef|''Los Angeles Times, February 9,|1993|p=}} |last1=''Los Angeles Times, The'' |author-link1=The Los Angeles Times |last2=Kennedy |first2=J. Michael |date=February 9, 1993 |title=Race Relations: Klan's Back on Old Turf in Texas – A Federal Judge's Order to Desegregate Public Housing Brings Protests by the KKK |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1993-02-09-mn-1294-story.html |type=Dateline: Vidor, Tex. |department=National Desk |access-date=February 12, 2021 |url-access=subscription |language=en-US |volume=112 |issue=68 |page=6 (section A) }} → {{ISSN|0458-3035}} (publication) → {{ProQuest|281916567}} (US Newsstream database) (article); {{Cite book |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/712030344/ |title=''Alternate link 1'' |edition=Los Angeles}} → {{cite book |title=''alternate link 2'' |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/712031327/ |url-access=subscription |edition=Washington |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}.</ref>
Not in use-->

<ref name="LATimes 1993 Sep 3">{{cite news |ref={{SfnRef|''Los Angeles Times,'' September 3,|1993|p=}} |last=Kennedy |first=J. Michael |date=September 3, 1993 |title='Gentle Giant' Escapes Klan Fear in Vain, Dies at Hands of Gang |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1993-09-03-mn-31279-story.html |type=Dateline: Houston |department=National Desk |access-date=February 12, 2021 |url-access=subscription |language=en-US |volume=112 |issue=274 |newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]] |archive-date=September 28, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210928212541/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1993-09-03-mn-31279-story.html |url-status=live }} → {{ISSN|0458-3035}} (publication) → {{ProQuest|}} (US Newsstream database) (article) → {{ProQuest|421150595}} (US Newsstream database) (article) → {{Cite book |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/712026818/ |title=''Alternate link 1'' |page=18 (section A) |url-access=subscription }} {{cite book |title=''Alternate link 2'' |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/712027690/ |url-access=subscription |page=5 (section A) |edition=Washington |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |access-date=September 28, 2021 |archive-date=September 28, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210928211131/http://www.newspapers.com/image/712027690/ |url-status=live }}.</ref>

<ref name="Loewen 2005">{{Cite book |last=Loewen |first=James William (1942–2021) |author-link=James W. Loewen |title=Sundown Towns – A Hidden Dimension of American Racism |date=2005 |publisher=[[The New Press]] |isbn=1-5658-4887-X |edition=hardcover |location=[[New York City|New York]] |pages=7, 212, 276, 348, 444 |language=en-US |lccn=2005043855 |oclc=61441130 |ref={{SfnRef|Loewen,|2005|p= }}}}
<ol type="i" start="1">
<li> {{hanging indent|text={{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FPxJ_aG_B-8C&pg=PAPP1 |title=''Via Google Books'' |date=2005 |isbn=978-1-59558-674-2 |type=limited review |ref={{SfnRef|Loewen, Google, 1st copy,|2005|p= }} |access-date=August 6, 2024 |archive-date=August 6, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240806044309/https://books.google.com/books?id=FPxJ_aG_B-8C&pg=PAPP1#v=onepage&q&f=false |url-status=live |last1=Loewen |first1=James |publisher=The New Press }} }}
<li> {{hanging indent|text={{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=abhIDwAAQBAJ&pg=PAPP1 |title=''Via Google Books'' |date=2005 |isbn=978-1-62097-454-4 |type=limited review |ref={{SfnRef|Loewen, Google, 2nd copy,|2005|p= }} |access-date=August 6, 2024 |archive-date=February 13, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230213094416/https://books.google.com/books?id=abhIDwAAQBAJ&pg=PAPP1 |url-status=live |last1=Loewen |first1=James W. |publisher=The New Press }} }}
<li> {{hanging indent|text={{Cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/sundowntownshidd0000loew/page/n7/mode/2up?ref=ol&view=theater |title=''Via Internet Archive (Marygrove College)'' |date=2005 |isbn=978-1-56584-887-0 |ref={{SfnRef|, Internet Archive (Marygrove College),|2005|p= }} |url-access=registration |last1=Loewen |first1=James W. |publisher=New Press }} }}</ol></ref>

<!--W-->
<ref name="WaPo 1993 Sep 3">{{Cite news |last=Pressley Montes |first=Sue Anne |date=September 3, 1993 |title=A New Residence and a Tradegy – Forced Out of One Texas Town, Black Man Is Killed on Street |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1993/09/03/a-new-residence-and-a-tragedy/40806717-7d3e-4540-be53-7602edbfe1f8/ |access-date=June 8, 2020 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |page=4 (section A) |ref={{SfnRef|''Washington Post'', September 3,|1993}} |archive-date=June 9, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200609080802/https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1993/09/03/a-new-residence-and-a-tragedy/40806717-7d3e-4540-be53-7602edbfe1f8/ |url-status=live }} {{ProQuest|307675622}} (US Newsstream); {{ProQuest|408163601}} (US Newsstream).</ref>

}}

==External links==
{{Portal|Texas}}
* [https://cityofvidor.com/ City of Vidor – official website]
* [https://www.vidorisd.org/ Vidor Independent School District]
* {{Handbook of Texas|id=hev02|name=Vidor, Texas}}

{{Orange County, Texas}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Cities in Orange County, Texas]]
[[Category:Cities in Texas]]
[[Category:Cities in the Beaumont–Port Arthur metropolitan area]]
[[Category:Sundown towns in Texas]]