Editing Victor Amadeus I, Duke of Savoy

{{Short description|Duke of Savoy from 1630 to 1637}}
{{redirect|Victor Amadeus I|the Prince of Carignano|Victor Amadeus I, Prince of Carignano}}
{{Infobox royalty
| name         = Victor Amadeus I
| image        = Ritratto_di_Vittorio_Amedeo_I_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg
| caption      = Portrait by unknown, c. 1634-6
| succession   = [[Duke of Savoy]]
| reign        = 26 July 1630 – 7 October 1637
| predecessor  = [[Charles Emmanuel I, Duke of Savoy|Charles Emmanuel I]]
| successor    = [[Francis Hyacinth, Duke of Savoy|Francis Hyacinth]]
| house        = [[House of Savoy|Savoy]]
| spouse       = {{marriage|[[Christine Marie of France|Princess Christine Marie of France]]|1619}}
| father       = [[Charles Emmanuel I, Duke of Savoy]]
| mother       = [[Catherine Micaela of Spain]]
| issue        = {{Plainlist|
* [[Princess Luisa Christina of Savoy|Princess Luisa Cristina]]
* [[Francis Hyacinth, Duke of Savoy|Francis Hyacinth]]
* [[Charles Emmanuel II, Duke of Savoy|Charles Emmanuel II]]
* [[Princess Margaret Yolande of Savoy|Margaret Yolande, Duchess of Parma]]
* [[Princess Henriette Adelaide of Savoy|Henrietta Adelaide, Electress of Bavaria]]
* [[Princess Catherine Beatrice of Savoy|Princess Catherine Beatrice]]}}
| birth_date   = {{Birth date|1587|5|8|df=y}}
| birth_place  = [[Turin]], [[Piedmont]], [[Duchy of Savoy|Savoy]]
| death_date   = {{Death date and age|1637|10|7|1587|4|8|df=y}}
| death_place  = [[Vercelli]], Piedmont, Savoy
| burial_place = [[Vercelli Cathedral]]
| religion     = [[Catholic Church]]
}}

'''Victor Amadeus I''' ({{langx|it|Vittorio Amedeo I di Savoia}}; 8 May 1587 – 7 October 1637) was the [[Duke of Savoy]] and ruler of the [[Savoyard state|Savoyard states]] from 26 July 1630 until his death in 1637. He was also known as the ''Lion of Susa''.<ref>[http://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/vittorio-amedeo-i-duca-di-savoia Profile], treccani.it; accessed 18 February 2015. {{in lang|it}}</ref> 

He was succeeded by two of his sons; [[Francis Hyacinth, Duke of Savoy|Francis Hyacinth]] and [[Charles Emmanuel II, Duke of Savoy|Charles Emmanuel II]]. His male-only line became extinct in 1831 with the death of [[Charles Felix of Sardinia|Charles Felix]]. Therefore, the Kings of Italy are descended from his younger brother, [[Thomas Francis, Prince of Carignano|Thomas Francis]].

==Biography==
[[File:Dankaerts-Historis-9273.tif|thumb|left|Engraving of Victor Amadeus I]]
[[Image:Armoiries Savoie 1630.png|125px|thumb|left|Coat of Arms of the Dukes of Savoy after Victor Amadeus I]]

Victor Amadeus was born in [[Turin]], [[Piedmont]], as the second son and child of [[Charles Emmanuel I, Duke of Savoy]] and [[Catherine Micaela of Spain]], daughter of King [[Philip II of Spain]]. He spent much of his childhood in [[Madrid]] at the court of his grandfather Philip II. He stayed there until the king's death in 1598, when Victor Amadeus was eleven. As the second son of the Duke, he was not expected to become Duke of Savoy. That changed when his brother, Filippo Emanuele, died in 1605, thus he became heir-apparent to the [[Duchy of Savoy]] and received the homage of the court at [[Racconigi]] on 21 January 1607.{{citation needed|date=February 2015}}

Victor Amadeus became Duke of Savoy after his father's death in 1630. Charles Emmanuel's policies had brought great instability in the relationships with both [[France]] and Spain, and troops were needed to defend the Duchy. As money was lacking to recruit mercenaries or train indigenous soldiers, Victor Amadeus signed a peace treaty with Spain.

With the [[Treaty of Cherasco]], Savoy was forced to give [[Pinerolo]] to France. This gave France a strategic route into the heart of Savoy territory and on into the rest of Italy. The rulers of Savoy from that point resented this loss and worked for decades with the goal of regaining that loss.{{sfn|Storrs|1999|p=1}} Subsequently, under the direction of [[Cardinal Richelieu]], Victor Amadeus attempted to create an anti-Spanish league in [[Italy]]. He achieved two victories against the Spanish: In 1636 in the [[Battle of Tornavento]] and on 8 September 1637 in the Battle of Mombaldone.{{citation needed|date=February 2015}}

==Death==
On 25 September 1637, Victor Amadeus fell ill after a dinner offered by the [[Charles de Créquy de Lesdiguières|Duke of Créqui]]. A prominent Savoyard noble (Count Augusto Manfredo Scaglia di Verrua) who attended the dinner also died in the same week, arousing suspicions of poisoning and generating uncertainty in Savoyard-French relations.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Osborne |first=Toby |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/124025562 |title=Dynasty and diplomacy in the court of Savoy: political culture and the Thirty Years' War |date=2007 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-03791-4 |location=Cambridge |oclc=124025562}}</ref> The duke was carried to [[Vercelli]], where he died on 7 October, aged 50. {{citation needed|date=February 2015}} He was first succeeded by his elder son, [[Francis Hyacinth, Duke of Savoy|Francis Hyacinth]]. However, Francis died the following year, and his younger son, Charles Emmanuel, became [[Charles Emmanuel II, Duke of Savoy|Charles Emmanuel II of Savoy]].

==Marriage and issue==
[[File:Vittorio_Amedeo_I.JPG|thumb|right|Portrait by an unknown Piedmontese school, 17th century]]
In 1619, he married [[Christine Marie of France]] (1606–1663), a daughter of [[Henry IV of France]] and [[Marie de' Medici]]. Following his death, she served as regent of the Duchy from 1637 to 1663. They had children including: 
*Stillborn son (1621)
*Prince Louis Amadeus of Savoy ([[Turin]], 24 February 1622 – [[Turin]], 29 January 1628)
*[[Francis Hyacinth, Duke of Savoy|Prince Francis Hyacinth of Savoy]] ([[Turin]], 14 September 1632 – [[Castello del Valentino]], 4 October 1638), Duke of Savoy
*[[Luisa Cristina of Savoy|Princess Luisa Cristina of Savoy]] ([[Turin]], 27 July 1629 – [[Turin]], 14 May 1692), married her uncle [[Maurice of Savoy|Prince Maurice of Savoy]]
*[[Charles Emmanuel II, Duke of Savoy|Prince Charles Emmanuel of Savoy]] (20 June 1634 – [[Palace of Venaria]], 12 June 1675), Duke of Savoy; married first his first cousin [[Françoise Madeleine d'Orléans]] and had no issue; secondly married another first cousin [[Marie Jeanne of Savoy]] and had issue;
*[[Princess Margaret Yolande of Savoy]] ([[Turin]], 15 November 1635 – [[Parma]], 29 April 1663), married [[Ranuccio II Farnese, Duke of Parma]]; had two stillborn children; died giving birth to her last child;
*[[Princess Henriette Adelaide of Savoy|Princess Henrietta Adelaide Marie of Savoy]] ([[Turin]], 6 November 1636 – [[Munich]], 18 March  1676), married [[Ferdinand Maria, Elector of Bavaria|Ferdinand Maria]] of [[Wittelsbach]], Elector of [[Bavaria]] and had issue
*[[Princess Catherine Beatrice of Savoy]] ([[Turin]], 6 November 1636 – [[Turin]], 26 August 1637) twin of the above

==Ancestry==
{{unreferenced section|date=January 2016}}
{{ahnentafel
|collapsed=yes |align=center
|boxstyle_1=background-color: #fcc;
|boxstyle_2=background-color: #fb9;
|boxstyle_3=background-color: #ffc;
|boxstyle_4=background-color: #bfc;
| 1= 1. '''Victor Amadeus I, Duke of Savoy'''
| 2= 2. [[Charles Emmanuel I, Duke of Savoy]]
| 3= 3. [[Catalina Micaela of Spain|Infanta Catherine Michaela of Spain]]
| 4= 4. [[Emmanuel Philibert, Duke of Savoy]]
| 5= 5. [[Margaret of France, Duchess of Berry|Margaret, Duchess of Berry]]
| 6= 6. [[Philip II of Spain]]
| 7= 7. [[Elisabeth of Valois]]
| 8= 8. [[Charles III, Duke of Savoy]]
| 9= 9. [[Beatrice of Portugal, Duchess of Savoy|Beatrice of Portugal]]
| 10= 10. [[Francis I of France]]
| 11= 11. [[Claude of France|Claude, Duchess of Brittany]]
| 12= 12. [[Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor]]
| 13= 13. [[Isabella of Portugal]]
| 14= 14. [[Henry II of France]] 
| 15= 15. [[Catherine de' Medici]] 
}}

==Notes==
{{Reflist}}

==References==
*{{cite book | last=Storrs | first=Christopher | title=War, Diplomacy and the Rise of Savoy 1690–1720 | year=1999 | publisher=Cambridge University Press | isbn=0521551463}}

==External links==
* {{Cite Collier's|wstitle=Victor Amadeus I. |short=x}}

{{s-start}}
{{S-hou|[[House of Savoy]]|8 May|1587|7 October|1637}}
{{S-reg|}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Charles Emmanuel I, Duke of Savoy|Charles Emmanuel I]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Duke of Savoy]]|years=1630–1637}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Francis Hyacinth, Duke of Savoy|Francis Hyacinth]]}}
{{s-end}}

{{Dukes of Savoy}}
{{Princes of Savoy}}
{{Princes of Piedmont}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Victor Amadeus I, Duke of Savoy}}
[[Category:1587 births]]
[[Category:1637 deaths]]
[[Category:17th-century dukes of Savoy]]
[[Category:Nobility from Turin]]
[[Category:Princes of Piedmont]]
[[Category:Claimant kings of Jerusalem]]
[[Category:Princes of Savoy]]
[[Category:Burials at Vercelli Cathedral]]
[[Category:17th-century Italian nobility]]
[[Category:Italian people of the Thirty Years' War]]