Editing Vangelis

{{Short description|Greek composer and musician (1943–2022)}}
{{Other uses}}
{{Use British English|date=January 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2022}}
{{Infobox musical artist
| name              = Vangelis
| native_name       = Βαγγέλης
| native_name_lang  = el
| image             = VangelisElGrecopremiereDE2.jpg
| landscape         = yes
| caption           = Vangelis at the premiere of ''[[El Greco (2007 film)|El Greco]]'' in 2007
| birth_name        = Evangelos Odysseas Papathanassiou
| background        = non_vocal_instrumentalist
| birth_date        = {{Birth date|1943|3|29|df=y}}
| death_date        = {{Death date and age|2022|5|17|1943|3|29|df=y}}
| death_place       = [[Paris]], France
| birth_place       = [[Agria]], Greece
| genre             = {{Flatlist|
* [[electronic music|Electronic]]
* [[Ambient music|ambient]]
* [[20th-century classical music|classical]]
* [[progressive rock]]
}}
| occupation        = {{Flatlist|
* Composer
* arranger
* producer
}}
| instrument        = {{hlist|Keyboards|synthesizers}}
| years_active      = 1963–2022
| past_member_of    = {{Flatlist|
* The Forminx
* [[Aphrodite's Child]]
* [[Jon & Vangelis]]
}}
| label             = {{Flatlist|
* [[Universal Music Group|Universal]]
* [[RCA Records|RCA]]
* [[Atlantic Records|Atlantic]]
* [[Sony Music|Sony]]
* [[Warner Records|Warner Bros.]]
* [[Polydor Records|Polydor]]
* [[Deutsche Grammophon]]
* [[Decca Records|Decca]]
}}
}}

'''Evangelos Odysseas Papathanassiou''' ({{langx|el|Ευάγγελος Οδυσσέας Παπαθανασίου}}, {{IPA|el|eˈvaɲɟelos oðiˈseas papaθanaˈsi.u|pron}}; 29 March 1943 – 17 May 2022), known professionally as '''Vangelis''' ({{IPAc-en|v|æ|ŋ|ˈ|ɡ|ɛ|l|ᵻ|s}} {{respell|vang|GHEL|iss}}; {{langx|el|Βαγγέλης|links=no}}, {{IPA|el|vaɲˈɟelis|pron}}), was a Greek musician, composer, and producer of [[electronic music|electronic]], [[Progressive rock|progressive]], [[Ambient music|ambient]], and [[20th-century classical music|classical]] orchestral music. He composed the [[Academy Awards|Academy Award]]-winning score to ''[[Chariots of Fire]]'' (1981), as well as for the films ''[[Blade Runner]]'' (1982), ''[[Missing (1982 film)|Missing]]'' (1982), ''[[Antarctica (1983 film)|Antarctica]]'' (1983), ''[[The Bounty (1984 film)|The Bounty]]'' (1984), ''[[1492: Conquest of Paradise]]'' (1992), and ''[[Alexander (2004 film)|Alexander]]'' (2004), and the 1980 [[PBS]] documentary series ''[[Cosmos: A Personal Voyage]]'' by [[Carl Sagan]].<ref name="Hischak">{{cite book |author=Thomas S. Hischak |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Xz99CAAAQBAJ |title=The Encyclopedia of Film Composers |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |year=2015 |isbn=978-1-4422-4550-1 |pages=386–388}}</ref><ref name="TGDeath">{{cite news |last=Beaumont-Thomas |first=Ben |title=Vangelis, composer of Chariots of Fire and Blade Runner soundtracks, dies aged 79 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2022/may/19/vangelis-greek-composer-chariots-of-fire-blade-runner-dies |date=19 May 2020 |work=[[The Guardian]] |access-date=20 May 2022 |archive-date=19 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220519234832/https://www.theguardian.com/music/2022/may/19/vangelis-greek-composer-chariots-of-fire-blade-runner-dies |url-status=live }}</ref>

Born in [[Agria]] and raised in [[Athens]], Vangelis began his career in the 1960s as a member of the rock bands the Forminx and [[Aphrodite's Child]]; the latter's album ''[[666 (Aphrodite's Child album)|666]]'' (1972) is recognised as a [[progressive rock|progressive]]-[[psychedelic music|psychedelic]] rock classic.<ref name="Hischak" /><ref name="RobProg666">{{cite news |last=Hughes |first=Rob |date=19 May 2022 |title=Apocalypse and orgasm: The crazy story of Aphrodite's Child 666, Vangelis's cult masterpiece |url=https://www.loudersound.com/features/apocalypse-and-orgasm-the-crazy-story-of-aphrodites-child-666-vangeliss-cult-masterpiece |work=[[Prog (magazine)|Prog]] |access-date=24 May 2022 |archive-date=24 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220524193209/https://www.loudersound.com/features/apocalypse-and-orgasm-the-crazy-story-of-aphrodites-child-666-vangeliss-cult-masterpiece |url-status=live }}</ref> Vangelis settled in Paris, and gained initial recognition for his scores to the [[Frédéric Rossif]] animal documentaries ''{{lang|fr|[[L'Apocalypse des animaux (album)|L'Apocalypse des Animaux]]}}'', ''{{lang|fr|[[La Fête sauvage]]}}'', and ''{{lang|fr|[[Opéra sauvage]]}}''. He released his first solo albums during this time, and performed as a solo artist. In 1975, Vangelis relocated to London where he built his home recording facility named [[Nemo Studios]] and released a series of successful and influential albums for [[RCA Records]], including ''[[Heaven and Hell (Vangelis album)|Heaven and Hell]]'' (1975), ''[[Albedo 0.39]]'' (1976), ''[[Spiral (Vangelis album)|Spiral]]'' (1977), and ''[[China (Vangelis album)|China]]'' (1979). From 1979 to 1986, Vangelis performed in a duo with [[Yes (band)|Yes]] vocalist [[Jon Anderson]], releasing several albums as [[Jon and Vangelis]]. He collaborated with [[Irene Papas]] on two albums of Greek traditional and religious songs.

Vangelis reached his commercial peak in the 1980s and 1990s. His [[Chariots of Fire (album)|score]] for ''Chariots of Fire'' (1981) won him an [[Academy Award for Best Original Score]] and the film's main theme, "[[Chariots of Fire (instrumental)|Chariots of Fire – Titles]]" went to number one on the U.S. [[Billboard Hot 100|''Billboard'' Hot 100]] chart, while his score for ''1492: Conquest of Paradise'' (1992) was nominated for a [[50th Golden Globe Awards|Golden Globe Award for Best Original Score]] and the film's [[1492: Conquest of Paradise (album)|soundtrack]] and [[Conquest of Paradise (song)|main theme]] topped the European charts selling millions of copies.<ref name="Hischak" /> His compilation albums ''[[Themes (Vangelis album)|Themes]]'' (1989), ''[[Portraits (So Long Ago, So Clear)]]'' (1996), and studio album ''[[Voices (Vangelis album)|Voices]]'' (1995) sold well. Vangelis composed [[Anthem (Vangelis song)|the official anthem]] of the [[2002 FIFA World Cup]] held in Korea and Japan.<ref>{{cite news |title=FIFA World Cup Official Songs: Every Anthem from 1962–2022 |url=https://www.goal.com/en-gb/lists/2022-fifa-world-cup-theme-songs-shakira-ricky-martin/bltc25ef3667e5d5040 |access-date=19 May 2022 |work=Goal (website) |archive-date=19 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220519170916/https://www.goal.com/en-gb/lists/2022-fifa-world-cup-theme-songs-shakira-ricky-martin/bltc25ef3667e5d5040 |url-status=live }}</ref> In his last twenty years, Vangelis collaborated with [[NASA]] and [[ESA]] on music projects ''[[Mythodea]]'' (1993), ''[[Rosetta (album)|Rosetta]]'' (2016), and ''[[Juno to Jupiter]]'' (2021), his 23rd and final studio album.

Having had a career in music spanning over 50 years and having composed and performed more than 50 albums, Vangelis is one of the most important figures in the history of [[electronic music]],<ref name="Telegraph UK">{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/music/3634447/My-Greek-odyssey-with-Alexander.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/music/3634447/My-Greek-odyssey-with-Alexander.html |archive-date=12 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title=My Greek odyssey with Alexander |author=Peter Culshaw |date=6 January 2005 |newspaper=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |access-date=18 August 2016}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.allmusic.com/artist/p112251 |title=Vangelis Biography |author=Jason Ankeny |access-date=6 November 2008 |publisher=[[AllMusic]] |archive-date=15 December 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101215162113/http://www.allmusic.com/artist/p112251 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Journey">{{cite web |url=http://www.synthtopia.com/content/2013/12/04/vangelis-and-the-journey-to-ithaka-documentary-now-available/ |title=Vangelis And The Journey to Ithaka Documentary Now Available |date=4 December 2013 |website=Synthtopia.com |access-date=23 August 2016 |archive-date=28 August 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160828135551/http://www.synthtopia.com/content/2013/12/04/vangelis-and-the-journey-to-ithaka-documentary-now-available/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and modern film music.<ref name="BBCDeath">{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-61514850 |title=Vangelis: Chariots of Fire and Blade Runner composer dies at 79 |date=19 May 2022 |publisher=[[BBC]] |access-date=20 May 2022 |archive-date=19 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220519233934/https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-61514850 |url-status=live }}</ref> He used many electronic instruments in a fashion of a "one-man quasi-classical orchestra" composing and performing on the first take.<ref name="APDeath">{{cite news |last=Paphitis |first=Nicholas |url=https://apnews.com/article/vangelis-dead-chariots-of-fire-b7a98666ff96ca049dbe7964da98d44d |title=Vangelis, the Greek 'Chariots of Fire' composer, dies at 79 |date=19 May 2022 |work=[[Associated Press]] |access-date=20 May 2022 |archive-date=23 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220523055304/https://apnews.com/article/vangelis-dead-chariots-of-fire-b7a98666ff96ca049dbe7964da98d44d |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Early life==
Evangelos Odysseas Papathanassiou was born on 29 March 1943 in [[Agria]], a coastal town in [[Magnesia (regional unit)|Magnesia]], [[Thessaly]], [[Kingdom of Greece|Greece]], and raised in [[Athens]].<ref name=KB82>{{cite web|url=http://www.nemostudios.co.uk/vangelis/interviews/keyboard/keyboard.htm|access-date=25 December 2017|title=Oscar-winning Synthesist|last=Doerschuk|first=Bob|date=August 1982|magazine=Keyboard Magazine|archive-date=22 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171222053308/http://www.nemostudios.co.uk/vangelis/interviews/keyboard/keyboard.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> His father Odysseus worked in property and was an amateur sprinter; Vangelis described him as "a great lover of music".<ref name=PROV81>{{cite news|url=https://newspapers.com/image/500897492/|title=Vangelis, speaking from his laboratory|first=Tom|last=Harrison|newspaper=The Province|date=22 November 1981|via=[[Newspapers.com]]|url-access=subscription|access-date=27 January 2019|archive-date=21 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190421140055/https://newspapers.com/image/500897492/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=LAT86/> His mother Foteini Kyriakopoulou was trained as a soprano.<ref name="ObitTG2022">{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2022/may/20/vangelis-obituary|title=Vangelis obituary|first=Adam|last=Sweeting|author-link=Adam Sweeting|work=[[The Guardian]]|date=20 May 2022|access-date=27 May 2022|archive-date=30 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220530195758/https://www.theguardian.com/music/2022/may/20/vangelis-obituary|url-status=live}}</ref> Vangelis had one brother, Nikos. Vangelis recalled a peaceful and happy childhood without interference from his parents, who let him be involved in his activities, mainly consisting of playing the piano, painting, and constructing things with his hands.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9GsGoM7a8Ww&t=11830s | title=Vangelis - Interviews (2008) | website=[[YouTube]] | date=3 September 2017 | access-date=25 May 2022 | archive-date=25 May 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220525090603/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9GsGoM7a8Ww&t=11830s | url-status=live }}</ref> 

Vangelis developed an interest in music at age four, composing on the family piano and experimenting with sounds by placing nails and kitchen pans inside it and with radio interference.<ref name=KB82/><ref name="Hischak" /><ref name="Goldstein">{{citation |url=http://www.nemostudios.co.uk/vangelis/interviews/emm/emm.htm |title=Soil Festivities Vangelis Speaks |author=Dan Goldstein |date=November 1984 |magazine=Electronics & Music Maker |access-date=22 August 2016 |archive-date=4 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304053744/http://www.nemostudios.co.uk/vangelis/interviews/emm/emm.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> When he was six his parents enrolled him for music lessons, but was unable to take to formal tuition as he preferred to develop technique on his own.<ref name=KB82/> In later life he considered himself fortunate to have not attended music school, thinking it would have impeded his creativity.<ref name="Hischak" /><ref name="Telegraph UK"/> He never learned to read or write music, instead playing from memory: "When the teachers asked me to play something, I would pretend that I was reading it and play from memory. I didn't fool them, but I didn't care."<ref name="ObitTG2022"/><ref>{{cite magazine|title=Vangelis – The Composer Who Set Chariots Afire|magazine=Life|date=July 1982|volume=5|issue=7|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kOQxAQAAIAAJ|access-date=19 December 2017|archive-date=10 February 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240210110023/https://books.google.com/books?id=kOQxAQAAIAAJ|url-status=live}}</ref> One of his piano teachers was Greek composer [[Aristotelis Koundouroff]].<ref name="ObitTG2022"/>

Vangelis found [[Greek traditional music|traditional Greek music]] an important influence in his childhood. At 12, he developed an interest in jazz and rock music.<ref name=KB82/><ref name="Bigot1984">{{cite web |url=http://www.elsew.com/data/gec84.htm |title=Vangelis analyses his syntheses |author=Yves Bigot |date=January 1984 |magazine=Guitare & Claviers |issue=37 |access-date=22 August 2016 |archive-date=30 April 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160430114734/http://elsew.com/data/gec84.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> At fifteen he formed a band with school friends who had similar musical interests. Three years later, he acquired a [[Hammond organ]].<ref name=KB82/> In 1963, following brief stints in art college and an apprenticeship in filmmaking, Vangelis and three school friends started a five-piece rock band, The Forminx (or The Formynx), named after the [[Phorminx|Ancient Greek string instrument]].<ref name=EOTWLN>{{cite AV media notes|url=https://www.discogs.com/release/2857825-Aphrodites-Child-End-Of-The-World|title=End of the World [2010 Reissue]|others=Aphrodite's Child|year=1968|first=Mark|last=Powell|id=ECLEC 2205|publisher=Esoteric Recordings|access-date=10 September 2023|archive-date=22 October 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231022223525/https://www.discogs.com/release/2857825-Aphrodites-Child-End-Of-The-World|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Lake1974">{{cite web|url=http://www.elsew.com/data/mema74.htm|title=Greek Group|first=Steve|last=Lake|date=10 August 1974|magazine=Melody Maker|access-date=22 August 2016|archive-date=5 November 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161105054529/http://elsew.com/data/mema74.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> The group played covers and original material largely written by Vangelis, whose stage name at this time was Vagos, with English lyrics by radio DJ and record producer [[Nico Mastorakis]]. After nine singles and one Christmas EP, which found success across Europe, the group disbanded in 1966.<ref name="ObitTG2022"/><ref name="theforminx">{{cite web |url=http://www.vangelismovements.com/theforminx.htm |title=The Forminx |publisher=Vangelis Movements |access-date=12 November 2008 |archive-date=19 April 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100419075515/http://vangelismovements.com/theforminx.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Career==
===1963–1974: Early solo projects and Aphrodite's Child===
After the Forminx split, Vangelis spent the next two years mostly studio-bound as a composer and producer.<ref name="Blue Point">[http://www.bluepoint.gen.tr/vangelis/more_eng.html Blue Point] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304065500/http://bluepoint.gen.tr/vangelis/more_eng.html |date=4 March 2016 }} Retrieved 11 October 2008</ref> He wrote the score to several Greek films–''My Brother, the Traffic Policeman'' (1963), ''5,000 Lies'' (1966) by [[Giorgos Konstantinou]], ''Antique Rally'' (1966), ''Frenzy'' (1966), ''[[Vortex, the Face of Medusa|To Prosopo tis Medousas]]'' (1967) by [[Nikos Koundouros]], and ''Apollo Goes on Holiday'' (1968).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.soundtrackcollector.com/title/120200/To+prosopo+tis+Medousas|title=To prosopo tis Medousas- Soundtrack details|website=Soundtrackcollector.com|access-date=20 May 2022|archive-date=3 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230103225055/https://www.soundtrackcollector.com/title/120200/To+prosopo+tis+Medousas|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=http://www.vangelisrarities.com/produit/early-soundtracks/|title=Early Soundtracks|website=Vangelisrarities.com|access-date=22 June 2022|archive-date=18 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220518054149/http://www.vangelisrarities.com/produit/early-soundtracks/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://vangeliscollector.com/movies_5000lies.htm|title=Vangelis Collector - Movies - 5000 Lies|website=Vangeliscollector.com|access-date=20 May 2022|archive-date=20 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220520020527/http://www.vangeliscollector.com/movies_5000lies.htm|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://vangeliscollector.com/movies_apollo.htm|title=Vangelis Collector - Movies - Apollo Goes on Holiday|website=vangeliscollector.com|access-date=20 May 2022|archive-date=20 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220520020521/http://www.vangeliscollector.com/movies_apollo.htm|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://vangeliscollector.com/music_kouroukli.htm|title=Vangelis Collector - Music - Zoe Kouroukli|website=vangeliscollector.com|access-date=20 May 2022|archive-date=20 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220520020323/http://www.vangeliscollector.com/music_kouroukli.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>

In 1967, at age 25, Vangelis formed a [[psychedelic rock|psychedelic]]/[[progressive rock]] band with [[Demis Roussos]], [[Loukas Sideras]], and [[Silver Koulouris|Anargyros "Silver" Koulouris]]. Initially known as the Papathanassiou Set, they were encouraged by the Greek division of [[Philips Records]] to try their luck in England after their demo was passed onto [[Mercury Records]] and was well received. The relocation appealed to the group, as the political turmoil surrounding the [[Greek junta|1967 Greek coup]] limited their opportunities. However, Koulouris was called up for military service, causing the band to travel without a guitarist.<ref name="Telegraph UK"/> After the trio were denied entry into England due to problems with their work permits they settled in [[Paris]], where they signed with Philips and renamed themselves [[Aphrodite's Child]].<ref name=KB82/><ref name=MM74>{{cite web|url=http://elsew.com/data/mema74.htm|title=Greek Group|first=Steve|last=Lake|date=10 August 1974|work=Melody Maker|access-date=26 January 2019|archive-date=9 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709184227/http://elsew.com/data/mema74.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> Their debut single "[[Rain and Tears]]" was a commercial success in Europe, and was followed by the albums ''[[End of the World (album)|End of the World]]'' (1968) and ''[[It's Five O'Clock]]'' (1969). Vangelis conceived the idea of their third, ''[[666 (Aphrodite's Child album)|666]]'' (1972), a double concept album based on the [[Book of Revelation]].<ref name="Telegraph UK"/> It is considered a progressive-psychedelic rock classic.<ref name="Hischak" /><ref name="RobProg666"/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.progreviews.com/reviews/display.php?rev=ac-666 |title=Prog Reviews review of 666 |access-date=4 November 2008 |publisher=Ground & Sky |date=5 January 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090124182400/http://progreviews.com/reviews/display.php?rev=ac-666 |archive-date=24 January 2009 |url-status=dead}}</ref> In 1971, the group split following increasing tensions during the recording of ''666'', although Vangelis produced several of Roussos' future albums and singles.<ref name="Blue Point"/><ref>[http://www.progarchives.com/artist.asp?id=1171 Prog Archives bio of AC] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081226110755/http://www.progarchives.com/artist.asp?id=1171 |date=26 December 2008 }} Retrieved 21 August 2008</ref><ref name="Elsewhere Oor">[http://elsew.com/data/oor76.htm Elsewhere Oor] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220523022427/http://elsew.com/data/oor76.htm |date=23 May 2022 }} Retrieved 12 October</ref> Vangelis recalled after the split: "I couldn't follow the commercial way anymore, it was very boring. You have to do something like that in the beginning for showbiz, but after you start doing the same thing everyday you can't continue."<ref name=SOUNDS74/>

Vangelis spent six years in Paris; he was moved by the [[May 68|1968 French student riots]] and felt obliged to stay, during which he accepted various solo projects in film, television, and theatre. He composed the score for the films ''Sex Power'' (1970), ''Salut, Jerusalem'' (1972), and ''Amore'' (1974).<ref name="Hischak" /><ref>{{cite web |title=Amore |url=https://www.vangelismovements.com/amoremovie.htm |website=Vangelismovements.com |access-date=20 May 2022 |archive-date=20 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220520020352/https://www.vangelismovements.com/amoremovie.htm |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Vangelis Papathanassiou - Amore (Musique Originale De Vangelis Papathanassiou) |url=https://www.discogs.com/master/1126512-Vangelis-Papathanassiou-Amore-Musique-Originale-De-Vangelis-Papathanassiou |website=[[Discogs]] |access-date=20 May 2022 |language=en |archive-date=19 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220519202519/https://www.discogs.com/master/1126512-Vangelis-Papathanassiou-Amore-Musique-Originale-De-Vangelis-Papathanassiou |url-status=live }}</ref> A soundtrack album recorded for a 1970 wildlife documentary series by [[Frédéric Rossif]] was released as [[L'Apocalypse des animaux (album)|''L'Apocalypse des animaux'']] in 1973.<ref name="Nemo1">{{cite web |url=http://www.nemostudios.co.uk/nemo/main/vangelis/v01.htm |title=Nemo: Vangelis – chapter 1 |website=Nemostudios.co.uk |access-date=18 August 2016 |archive-date=11 May 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160511052336/http://www.nemostudios.co.uk/nemo/main/vangelis/v01.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> In 1971, Vangelis took part in several jam sessions with various musicians in London, the recordings from which were released on two albums released in 1978 without his permission–''[[Hypothesis (album)|Hypothesis]]'' and ''[[The Dragon (album)|The Dragon]]''. He took legal action and had them withdrawn.<ref name="Spin"/> His first solo album, ''[[Fais que ton rêve soit plus long que la nuit]]'' (French for ''Make Your Dream Last Longer Than the Night''), was released in 1972. Inspired by the 1968 riots, Vangelis wrote a "poème symphonique" to express his solidarity with the students, comprising music with news snippets and [[protest song]]s; some lyrics were based on graffiti daubed on walls during the demonstrations.<ref name=MM74/><ref name="Nemo1"/><ref>[http://www.vangelismovements.com/faisquetonrevesoitpluslongquelanuit.htm Album review] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080914184413/http://www.vangelismovements.com/faisquetonrevesoitpluslongquelanuit.htm |date=14 September 2008 }} Retrieved 20 August 2008</ref>

In 1973, Vangelis released his second solo album ''[[Earth (Vangelis album)|Earth]]'', a percussive-orientated album with various additional musicians, including Koulouris and [[F. R. David|Robert Fitoussi]].<ref>[http://www.groove.nl/cd/2/20955.html Groove NL reviews] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220314021650/http://www.groove.nl/cd/2/20955.html |date=14 March 2022 }} Retrieved 2 September 2008</ref> In May 1973 he performed at the [[Royal Festival Hall]] in London supporting [[Tempest (UK band)|Tempest]], but looked back on the concert as a failure.<ref name=SOUNDS74/> The line-up featured on ''Earth'' released a single titled "Who" under the name Odyssey, and performed live with Vangelis at his concert at the [[Olympia (Paris)|Paris Olympia]] in February 1974.<ref name=SOUNDS74>{{cite web|url=http://elsew.com/data/sounds74.htm|title=Vangelis – Obscure genius|first=Jerry|last=Gilbet|work=Sounds|date=9 March 1974|access-date=26 January 2019|archive-date=15 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200915164619/http://elsew.com/data/sounds74.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> Several months later Vangelis returned to England to audition with the progressive rock band [[Yes (band)|Yes]], after singer [[Jon Anderson]] had become a fan of his music and invited him to replace departing keyboardist [[Rick Wakeman]].<ref>{{cite web|author=Paul Simpson|url=https://www.allmusic.com/artist/jon-vangelis-mn0000821950/biography|title=Jon & Vangelis &#124; Biography & History|publisher=AllMusic|access-date=5 September 2019|archive-date=12 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190812012547/https://www.allmusic.com/artist/jon-vangelis-mn0000821950/biography|url-status=live}}</ref> After problems with obtaining a work visa and a rejection from the Musician's Union, plus his reluctance to travel and tour, Vangelis declined. Yes chose Swiss player [[Patrick Moraz]], who used Vangelis's keyboards in his audition.<ref name=MM74/><ref name="Spin"/><ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_yMEAAAAMBAJ |title=New On The Charts – Jon and Vangelis |date=30 August 1980 |magazine=Billboard |volume=92 |issue=35 |page=31 |access-date=20 August 2016 |archive-date=10 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240210110028/https://books.google.com/books?id=_yMEAAAAMBAJ |url-status=live }}</ref>

===1974–1980: Move to London, solo breakthrough, and Jon and Vangelis===
By the end of 1974 Vangelis was able to relocate to England, by which time he felt he "outgrew France" musically.<ref name=NME75>{{cite web|url=http://elsew.com/data/nme75.htm|title=The Greek Connection|first=Chris|last=Salewicz|date=16 August 1975|work=NME|access-date=26 January 2019|archive-date=8 April 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160408193543/http://elsew.com/data/nme75.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> He settled in a flat on [[Queen's Gate]], London and set up a 16-track recording facility named [[Nemo Studios]] on Hampden Gurney Street in [[Marble Arch]], which he named his "laboratory".<ref name=PROV81/><ref name=OOR76>{{cite web|url=https://elsew.com/data/oor76.htm|title=Vangelis: The Child of Aphrodite Explodes!|first=Harry|last=van Nieuwenhoven|work=Oor|date=25 February 1976|via=Elsewhere|accessdate=26 August 2023|archive-date=28 February 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230228013527/http://elsew.com/data/oor76.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> In August 1975, he signed a four-album deal with [[RCA Records]], for which he released a series of influential electronic-based albums that increased his profile.<ref name=NME75/> The first of these was ''[[Heaven and Hell (Vangelis album)|Heaven and Hell]]'' (1975), a concept album based on duality that features Anderson singing lead vocals on "So Long Ago, So Clear" and the [[English Chamber Choir]].<ref name=BEAT75>{{cite web|url=http://elsew.com/data/beat75.htm|title=Vangelis' Heaven and Hell|work=Beat Instrumental|date=December 1975|access-date=26 January 2019|archive-date=8 April 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160408175446/http://elsew.com/data/beat75.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> The album went to No. 31 in the UK, and was performed live in concert at the [[Royal Albert Hall]] in 1976.<ref name="Nemo2">{{cite web |url=http://www.nemostudios.co.uk/nemo/main/vangelis/v02.htm |title=Nemo: Vangelis – chapter 2 |website=Nemostudios.co.uk |access-date=18 August 2016 |archive-date=16 December 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171216003704/http://www.nemostudios.co.uk/nemo/main/vangelis/v02.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> The album was followed by the UK top 20 ''[[Albedo 0.39]]'' (1976), ''[[Spiral (Vangelis album)|Spiral]]'' (1977), and the spontaneous ''[[Beaubourg (album)|Beaubourg]]'' (1978), each having their own thematic inspiration including astronomy and [[physical cosmology]], [[Tao]] philosophy, and Vangelis' visit to the [[Centre Georges Pompidou]], respectively.<ref name="Nemo2"/><ref name="Nemo3">{{cite web |url=http://www.nemostudios.co.uk/nemo/main/vangelis/v03.htm |title=Nemo: Vangelis – chapter 3 |website=Nemostudios.co.uk |access-date=18 August 2016 |archive-date=27 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190127035119/http://www.nemostudios.co.uk/nemo/main/vangelis/v03.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> 

During the same period, Vangelis composed the score for ''[[Do You Hear the Dogs Barking?]]'' directed by [[François Reichenbach]]. This was released in 1975 under the French title ''Entends-tu les chiens aboyer?'' and re-released two years later as ''Ignacio''.<ref name="Nemo3"/> In 1976, Vangelis released his second soundtrack for a Rossif animal documentary, ''[[La Fête sauvage]]'', which combined African rhythms with Western music.<ref name="Nemo3"/> This was followed in 1979 by a third soundtrack for Rossif, ''[[Opéra sauvage]]''. The music itself would be re-used in other films, including the track "L'Enfant" in ''[[The Year of Living Dangerously (film)|The Year of Living Dangerously]]'' (1982) by [[Peter Weir]]; the melody of the same track (in marching band format) appears in the beginning of the 1924 Summer Olympics opening ceremonies scene in the film ''[[Chariots of Fire]]'' while the track "Hymne" was used in [[Barilla (company)|Barilla]] pasta commercials in Italy and [[E & J Gallo Winery|Ernest & Julio Gallo]] wine ads in the United States.<ref>[{{AllMusic|class=album|id=r83736|pure_url=yes}} All Music review of Opera.] Retrieved 2 September 2008</ref><ref name="Nemo8">{{cite web |url=http://www.nemostudios.co.uk/nemo/main/vangelis/v08.htm |title=Nemo: Vangelis – chapter 8 |website=Nemostudios.co.uk |access-date=18 August 2016 |archive-date=23 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170123035606/http://www.nemostudios.co.uk/nemo/main/vangelis/v08.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> Rossif and Vangelis again collaborated for ''Sauvage et Beau'' (1984)<ref name="Nemo7">{{cite web |url=http://www.nemostudios.co.uk/nemo/main/vangelis/v07.htm |title=Nemo: Vangelis – chapter 7 |website=Nemostudios.co.uk |access-date=18 August 2016 |archive-date=23 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170123035623/http://www.nemostudios.co.uk/nemo/main/vangelis/v07.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> and ''[[De Nuremberg à Nuremberg]]'' (1989).<ref name="Nemo9">{{cite web|url=http://www.nemostudios.co.uk/nemo/main/vangelis/v09.htm|title=Nemo: Vangelis – chapter 9|website=Nemostudios.co.uk|access-date=18 August 2016|archive-date=23 January 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170123035630/http://www.nemostudios.co.uk/nemo/main/vangelis/v09.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>

By 1979, Vangelis signed with [[Polydor Records]]. His first release was ''[[China (Vangelis album)|China]]'' (1979), based on Chinese culture. Vangelis returned to his Greek roots by recording new arrangements of Greek folk songs with actress and singer [[Irene Papas]]. The first set of songs were released under Papas' name as the album ''[[Odes (Irene Papas album)|Odes]]'', which was a success in Greece.<ref name="Nemo3"/> and would be followed in 1986 by a second album, ''[[Rapsodies]]''.<ref name="Nemo8"/> In contrast, 1980 saw the release of ''[[See You Later]]'', a much more experimental and satirical album of concept pieces and unusual pop songs with vocal contributions from Pete Marsh, Cherry Vanilla, and Yes singer [[Jon Anderson]], as well as a rare example of Vangelis singing himself (deliberately badly).<ref name="Nemo4"/>

Vangelis had begun a more extensive collaboration with [[Jon Anderson]] in 1979, as the duo [[Jon and Vangelis]]. Their debut album, ''[[Short Stories (Jon and Vangelis album)|Short Stories]]'' (1980), reached No. 4 in the UK. They released three more albums; ''[[The Friends of Mr Cairo]]'', ''[[Private Collection (Jon and Vangelis album)|Private Collection]]'', and ''[[Page of Life]]'' released in 1981, 1983, and 1991, respectively.<ref name="Nemo5">{{cite web |url=http://www.nemostudios.co.uk/nemo/main/vangelis/v05.htm |title=Nemo: Vangelis – chapter 5 |website=Nemostudios.co.uk |access-date=18 August 2016 |archive-date=30 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191030115900/http://www.nemostudios.co.uk/nemo/main/vangelis/v05.htm |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Nemo6">{{cite web |url=http://www.nemostudios.co.uk/nemo/main/vangelis/v06.htm |title=Nemo: Vangelis – chapter 6 |website=Nemostudios.co.uk |access-date=18 August 2016 |archive-date=30 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191030113346/http://www.nemostudios.co.uk/nemo/main/vangelis/v06.htm |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Nemo10">{{cite web |url=http://www.nemostudios.co.uk/nemo/main/vangelis/v10.htm |title=Nemo: Vangelis – chapter 10 |website=Nemostudios.co.uk |access-date=18 August 2016 |archive-date=30 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191030115910/http://www.nemostudios.co.uk/nemo/main/vangelis/v10.htm |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>[http://www.connollyco.com/discography/jon_and_vangelis/ Conolly discography of J&V] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180529203953/http://www.connollyco.com/discography/jon_and_vangelis/ |date=29 May 2018 }} Retrieved 25 September 2008</ref> The first two albums produced three hit singles "[[I Hear You Now]]", "[[I'll Find My Way Home]]" and "[[State of Independence]]", with the latter later becoming a hit for the second time when covered by [[Donna Summer]] with production by [[Quincy Jones]].<ref name="BBCDeath"/><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.officialcharts.com/search/singles/The%20Chant%20Has%20Begun |title=The Official Charts Company - Jon And Vangelis - State Of Independence |website=[[Official Charts Company|Official Charts]] |access-date=16 March 2009 |archive-date=4 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170704054756/http://www.officialcharts.com/search/singles/the%20chant%20has%20begun/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.allmusic.com/album/r10537 |title=Allmusic review |website=[[AllMusic]] |access-date=27 April 2018 |archive-date=18 March 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110318063952/http://www.allmusic.com/album/r10537 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Vangelis' music was brought to a wider audience when excerpts from ''Heaven and Hell'' and ''Albedo 0.39'' were used for the soundtrack of [[Carl Sagan]]'s 1980 television documentary series ''[[Cosmos: A Personal Voyage]]''.<ref name="Nemo4">{{cite web |url=http://www.nemostudios.co.uk/nemo/main/vangelis/v04.htm |title=Nemo: Vangelis – chapter 4 |website=Nemostudios.co.uk |access-date=18 August 2016 |archive-date=30 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191030115855/http://www.nemostudios.co.uk/nemo/main/vangelis/v04.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> In 1986, Vangelis composed music for a special edition episode.<ref name="Nemo8"/> Vangelis recalled that Sagan sent him recordings of sounds collected by satellites, which he claimed were exactly what he had heard as a child.<ref name="Telegraph UK"/>

===1981–2002: Mainstream success===
====Film and television====
[[File:London26July2012c.jpg|thumb|upright|Vangelis in 2012 with stars of the stage adaptation of ''[[Chariots of Fire (play)|Chariots of Fire]]'']]
Vangelis composed and performed on the soundtrack for ''[[Chariots of Fire]]'' (1981), a historical drama film directed by [[Hugh Hudson]]. He accepted the job because "I liked the people I was working with. It was a very humble, low-budget film."<ref name="Spin"/> The choice of music was unorthodox as most period films featured orchestral scores, whereas Vangelis's music was modern and synthesiser-oriented. Released in 1981, it gained mainstream commercial success which increased Vangelis's profile as a result.<ref name="Spin"/> The opening instrumental piece, "[[Chariots of Fire (instrumental)|Titles]]", later named "Chariots of Fire – Titles", was released as a single and spent one week at number one on the US [[Billboard Hot 100|''Billboard'' Hot 100]] after a five-month climb.<ref>[{{AllMusic|class=song|id=t1534846|pure_url=yes}} AMG review of Chariots of Fire]. Retrieved 25 September 2008</ref> The [[Chariots of Fire (album)|soundtrack album]] was No. 1 on the [[Billboard 200|''Billboard'' 200]] for four weeks and sold one million copies in the US. In March 1982, Vangelis won an [[Academy Award]] for [[Academy Award for Best Original Music Score|Best Original Music Score]], but refused to attend the awards ceremony,<ref name="Spin"/> partly due to his fear of flying. He turned down an offer to stay in a stateroom aboard the ''[[Queen Elizabeth 2]]'' for a boat crossing.<ref name=TS82>{{cite news|url=http://vangeliscollector.com/telegraph112182.htm|title=Mechanic of Music|first=Andrew|last=Duncan|date=21 November 1982|newspaper=Telegraph Sunday Magazine|access-date=10 February 2019|archive-date=8 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220608031710/http://vangeliscollector.com/telegraph112182.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> Vangelis commented that the "main inspiration was the story itself. The rest I did instinctively, without thinking about anything else, other than to express my feelings with the technological means available to me at the time".<ref name="TheGuardian2012"/> The song was used at the [[1984 Winter Olympics]]<ref name="Telegraph UK"/> and it was described as the work for which Vangelis was best known.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/05/20/arts/music/vangelis-composer-best-known-for-chariots-of-fire-dies-at-79.html | title=Vangelis, Composer Best Known for 'Chariots of Fire,' Dies at 79 | work=The New York Times | date=20 May 2022 | last1=Sandomir | first1=Richard }}</ref>

Vangelis received numerous subsequent offers to score films, but he turned them down because he wanted to avoid becoming "a factory of film music".<ref name="Spin"/> In 1981, he scored the documentary film ''Pablo Picasso Painter'' by [[Frédéric Rossif]]. It was the third such score by Vangelis as he had previously scored documentaries about [[Georges Mathieu]] and [[Georges Braque]]. He composed the score of ''[[Missing (1982 film)|Missing]]'' (1982) directed by [[Costa-Gavras]], which was awarded the [[Palme d'Or]] and gained Vangelis a nomination for a [[BAFTA Award for Best Film Music#1982|BAFTA Award for Best Film Music]].<ref name="Nemo5"/> Other soundtracks he produced during this time include ''[[Antarctica (Vangelis album)|Antarctica]]'' for the film ''[[Nankyoku Monogatari]]'' (1983), one of the highest-grossing films in Japan's history,<ref name="Nemo6"/> and ''[[The Bounty (1984 film)|The Bounty]]'' in 1984.<ref name="Nemo7"/> He declined an offer to score ''[[2010: The Year We Make Contact]]'' (1984), the sequel to ''[[2001: A Space Odyssey (film)|2001: A Space Odyssey]]''.<ref name="Spin"/>

In 1981, Vangelis collaborated with director [[Ridley Scott]] to score his science fiction film ''[[Blade Runner]]'' (1982).<ref>[http://bladerunner.nemostudios.co.uk/ Vangelis's Blade Runner film score] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20120726100315/http://bladerunner.nemostudios.co.uk/ |date=26 July 2012 }}, Bladerunner.nemostudios.com, Retrieved 12 February 2012</ref> Critics wrote that in capturing the isolation and melancholy of [[Harrison Ford]]'s character, Rick Deckard, the Vangelis score is as much a part of the dystopian environment as the decaying buildings and ever-present rain.<ref>[http://www.synthtopia.com/content/2004/02/20/vangelis-blade-runner/ Synthtopia BR review] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090211014319/http://www.synthtopia.com/content/2004/02/20/vangelis-blade-runner/ |date=11 February 2009 }} Retrieved 27 November 2008</ref> The score was nominated for a [[BAFTA Award for Best Film Music#1982|BAFTA]] and [[40th Golden Globe Awards|Golden Globe]] award. ''Blade Runner'' has subsequently become one of Vangelis' best-known works, despite problems that prevented its release on album for many years. A disagreement led to Vangelis withholding permission for his recordings to be released, so the studio hired musicians dubbed the [[New American Orchestra]] to release orchestral adaptations of the original score. The problem was eventually resolved twelve years later, when Vangelis's own work was [[Blade Runner (soundtrack)|released in 1994]]. Even then, the release was considered incomplete, since the film contained other Vangelis compositions that were not included on the record.<ref name="Intuitive Music" /> This, in turn, was resolved in 2007 when a box set of the score was released to commemorate the film's 25th anniversary, containing the 1994 album, some previously unreleased music cues, and new original Vangelis material inspired by ''Blade Runner''.<ref>[http://www.play.com/Music/CD/4-/3515011/Blade-Runner-Trilogy-25th-Anniversary-Edition/Product.html Play.com BR Tri. Product page] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071208000336/http://www.play.com/Music/CD/4-/3515011/Blade-Runner-Trilogy-25th-Anniversary-Edition/Product.html |date=8 December 2007 }} Retrieved 20 August 2008</ref>

In 1992, [[Paramount Pictures]] released the film ''[[1492: Conquest of Paradise]]'', also directed by [[Ridley Scott]], as a 500th anniversary commemoration of [[Christopher Columbus]]' voyage to the New World. Vangelis's score was nominated as "Best Original Score – Motion Picture" at the 1993 [[Golden Globe]] awards, but was not nominated for an Academy Award.<ref>[http://www.filmtracks.com/titles/1492.html ''1492: Conquest of Paradise''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080912053945/http://www.filmtracks.com/titles/1492.html |date=12 September 2008 }} soundtrack review at [http://www.filmtracks.com/ Filmtracks.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110127111457/http://www.filmtracks.com/ |date=27 January 2011 }} Retrieved 25 September 2008</ref> Due to its success, Vangelis won an [[Echo Music Prize|Echo Award]] as "International Artist of the Year", and RTL Golden Lion Award for the "Best Title Theme for a TV Film or a Series" in 1996.<ref name="Finder"/>

Vangelis wrote the score for the film ''[[Bitter Moon]]'' (1992) directed by [[Roman Polanski]], and ''[[The Plague (1992 film)|The Plague]]'' directed by [[Luis Puenzo]].<ref name="Nemo10"/><ref>[https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0105127/fullcredits Internet Movie Database] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160325005759/http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0105127/fullcredits |date=25 March 2016 }} Retrieved 13 April 2012</ref> In the 90s, Vangelis scored undersea documentaries for French ecologist and filmmaker [[Jacques Cousteau]], one of which was shown at the [[Earth Summit]].<ref name="Nemo10"/><ref>[http://www.proggnosis.com/PGRelease.asp?RID=6345 Proggnosis Web-site] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110715121354/http://www.proggnosis.com/PGRelease.asp?RID=6345 |date=15 July 2011 }} Retrieved 25 September 2008</ref> The score of the film ''Cavafy'' (1996) directed by [[Yannis Smaragdis]],<ref name="Nemo10"/> gained an award at the [[Flanders International Film Festival Ghent]] and Valencia International Film Festival.<ref name="Finder"/>

====Theatre and stage productions====
In the early 1980s Vangelis began composing for ballet and theatre stage plays.<ref name="Nemo6"/> In 1983 he wrote the music for [[Michael Cacoyannis]]' staging of the Greek [[tragedy]] ''[[Electra (Euripides)|Elektra]]'' which was performed with [[Irene Papas]] at the open-air amphitheater at [[Epidavros]] in Greece.<ref name="Spin"/> The same year Vangelis composed his first ballet score, for a production by [[Wayne Eagling]]. It was originally performed by [[Lesley Collier]] and Eagling himself at an [[Amnesty International]] gala at the [[Drury Lane theatre]].<ref name="Nemo6"/> In 1984 the [[Royal Ballet School]] presented it again at the [[Sadler's Wells]] theatre. In 1985 and 1986, Vangelis wrote music for two more ballets: "Frankenstein – Modern Prometheus"<ref name="Nemo8"/> and "The Beauty and the Beast".<ref name="Nemo9"/> In 1992, Vangelis wrote the music for a restaging of the [[Euripides]] play ''[[Medea (play)|Medea]]'', that featured [[Irene Papas]].<ref name="Nemo10"/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://elsew.com/data/other.htm |title=Elsewhere: Other Music |author=Dennis Lodewijks |access-date=25 September 2008 |website=Elsew.com |archive-date=18 December 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081218151335/http://www.elsew.com/data/other.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2001 he composed for a third play which starred Papas, and for 
a version of [[William Shakespeare]]'s ''[[The Tempest]]'' staged by Hungarian director György Schwajdas.<ref name="Nemo13">{{cite web |url=http://www.nemostudios.co.uk/nemo/main/vangelis/v13.htm |title=Nemo: Vangelis – chapter 13 |website=Nemostudios.co.uk |access-date=18 August 2016 |archive-date=15 May 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160515135145/http://www.nemostudios.co.uk/nemo/main/vangelis/v13.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>

====Solo albums and collaborations====
In 1974 Vangelis collaborated with Italian singer [[Claudio Baglioni]] in the album ''E tu...''.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.discogs.com/it/master/299948-Claudio-Baglioni-E-Tu |title= Claudio Baglioni – E Tu... |first= |last= |work= [[Discogs]] |date= 1974}}</ref> The album reached first place in the Italian sales charts and was the sixth best-selling album in Italy in 1974.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.hitparadeitalia.it/hp_yenda/lpe1974.htm |title= Gli album più venduti del 1974 |first= |last= |work= hitparadeitalia |date= }}</ref>

Vangelis collaborated in 1976 with Italian singer [[Patty Pravo]] with the album ''[[Tanto (Patty Pravo album)|Tanto]]'' and with Italian singer [[Milva]] achieving success, especially in Germany, with the albums ''Ich hab' keine Angst'' also translated in French as ''Moi, Je N'ai Pas Peur'' (1981) and ''Geheimnisse'' in 1986 (''I have no fear'' and ''Secrets''), also translated in Italian as ''Tra due sogni.''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.discogs.com/master/345834-Milva-Moi-Je-Nai-Pas-Peur|title=Milva - Moi, Je N'ai Pas Peur|website=Discogs.com|year=1981|access-date=20 May 2022|archive-date=20 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220520175625/https://www.discogs.com/master/345834-Milva-Moi-Je-Nai-Pas-Peur|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.discogs.com/master/271632-Milva-Tra-Due-Sogni|title=Milva - Tra Due Sogni|website=Discogs.com|year=1986|access-date=20 May 2022|archive-date=20 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220520175624/https://www.discogs.com/master/271632-Milva-Tra-Due-Sogni|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.discogs.com/master/321632-Patty-Pravo-Tanto|title=Patty Pravo - Tanto|website=Discogs.com|year=1976|access-date=20 May 2022|archive-date=20 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220520175623/https://www.discogs.com/master/321632-Patty-Pravo-Tanto|url-status=live}}</ref>

An Italian language [[Nana Mouskouri]] album featured her singing the Vangelis composition "Ti Amerò". Collaborations with lyricist Mikalis Bourboulis, sung by Maria Farantouri, included the tracks "Odi A", "San Elektra", and "Tora Xero".<ref name="Intuitive Music">[http://www.intuitivemusic.com/vangelis-biography Intuitive Music – Vangelis biog.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081207184430/http://www.intuitivemusic.com/vangelis-biography |date=7 December 2008 }} Retrieved 25 September 2008</ref>

Vangelis released ''[[Soil Festivities]]'' in 1984. It was thematically inspired by the interaction between nature and its microscopic living creatures;<ref name="Spin"/> ''[[Invisible Connections]]'' (1985) took inspiration from the world of elementary particles invisible to the naked eye;<ref name="Nemo7"/> ''[[Mask (Vangelis album)|Mask]]'' (1985) was inspired by the theme of the mask, an obsolete artefact which was used in ancient times for concealment or amusement;<ref name="Spin"/> and ''[[Direct (Vangelis album)|Direct]]'' (1988). The last of the aforementioned efforts was the first album to be recorded in Vangelis's post-Nemo Studios era.<ref name="Nemo9"/>

Vangelis performed his only concert in the U.S. on 7 November 1986 at [[Royce Hall]] on the campus of [[University of California, Los Angeles]]. It featured a special guest appearance by [[Jon Anderson]].<ref name=LAT86>{{cite web|url=http://www.elsew.com/data/la86intv.htm|title=Vangelis and His Friend, the Synthesizer|first=Lawrence|last=Christon|date=7 November 1986|work=Los Angeles Times|access-date=27 January 2019|archive-date=29 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129064210/http://www.elsew.com/data/la86intv.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>

There were another five solo albums in the 1990s; ''[[The City (Vangelis album)|The City]]'' (1990) was recorded during a stay in [[Rome]] in 1989, and reflected a day of bustling city life, from dawn until dusk;<ref name="Nemo9"/> ''[[Voices (Vangelis album)|Voices]]'' (1995) featured sensual songs filled with nocturnal orchestrations; ''[[Oceanic (Vangelis album)|Oceanic]]'' (1996) thematically explored the mystery of underwater worlds and sea sailing;<ref name="Nemo11">{{cite web |url=http://www.nemostudios.co.uk/nemo/main/vangelis/v11.htm |title=Nemo: Vangelis – chapter 11 |website=Nemostudios.co.uk |access-date=18 August 2016 |archive-date=30 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191030115915/http://www.nemostudios.co.uk/nemo/main/vangelis/v11.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> and two classical albums about [[El Greco]] – ''[[Foros Timis Ston Greco]]'' (1995), which had a limited release, and ''[[El Greco (album)|El Greco]]'' (1998), which was an expansion of the former.<ref name="Nemo12">{{cite web |url=http://www.nemostudios.co.uk/nemo/main/vangelis/v12.htm |title=Nemo: Vangelis – chapter 12 |website=Nemostudios.co.uk |access-date=18 August 2016 |archive-date=30 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191030115920/http://www.nemostudios.co.uk/nemo/main/vangelis/v12.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>

====Sporting events====
The [[Sport Aid]] (1986) TV broadcast was set to music specially composed by Vangelis.<ref name="Nemo8"/> He conceived and staged the ceremony of the [[1997 World Championships in Athletics]] which were held in Greece. He also composed the music, and designed and directed the artistic Olympic flag relay portion ("Handover to [[2004 Summer Olympics|Athens]]"), of the closing ceremonies of the [[2000 Summer Olympics]] in [[Sydney]].<ref>{{cite book |title=Secrets of the Olympic Ceremonies |author=Myles Garcia |year=2014 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g1g1wLMSZv8C |publisher=eBookIt |isbn=978-1-4566-0808-8 |access-date=3 October 2020 |archive-date=10 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240210110016/https://books.google.com/books?id=g1g1wLMSZv8C |url-status=live }}</ref> While no official recording of this composition exists, the music can be heard accompanying the presentation of the emblem of the [[2004 Athens Games]]. In 2002, Vangelis created the official ''[[Anthem (The 2002 FIFA World Cup Official Anthem)|Anthem]]'' for the [[2002 FIFA World Cup]].<ref>[http://www.progarchives.com/album.asp?id=11746 Prog archives single] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110615000434/http://www.progarchives.com/album.asp?id=11746 |date=15 June 2011 }} Retrieved 26 September 2008</ref> His work from ''[[Chariots of Fire]]'' was heard during the [[2012 Summer Olympics opening ceremony]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/olympics/9341231/London-2012-Olympics-the-full-musical-playlist-for-the-Olympic-opening-ceremony.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/olympics/9341231/London-2012-Olympics-the-full-musical-playlist-for-the-Olympic-opening-ceremony.html |archive-date=12 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title=London 2012 Olympics: the full musical playlist for the Olympic opening ceremony |author=Sophia Heath |date=19 June 2012 |newspaper=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |access-date=18 August 2016}}{{cbignore}}</ref> His work '''Conquest of Paradise''' (1992) (from the movie [[1492: Conquest of Paradise]]) is now the theme song of famous Trail Running competition [[Ultra-Trail du Mont-Blanc]].{{cn|date=July 2022}}

===2001–2021: Music projects with NASA and ESA===
[[File:Vangelis HonoraryDoct.jpg|thumb|180px|Vangelis receiving his honorary doctorate at the [[National and Kapodistrian University of Athens]] in 2008]]
In 2001, Vangelis performed live, and subsequently released, the choral symphony ''[[Mythodea]]'', which was used by [[NASA]] as the theme for the [[2001 Mars Odyssey|Mars Odyssey]] mission. This is a predominantly orchestral rather than electronic piece that was originally written in 1993.<ref>[http://www.tracksounds.com/reviews/mythodea.htm Tracksounds Review] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081114202144/http://www.tracksounds.com/reviews/mythodea.htm |date=14 November 2008 }}, Tracksounds.com, Retrieved 26 September 2008</ref> In 2004, Vangelis released the score for [[Oliver Stone]]'s ''[[Alexander (soundtrack)|Alexander]]'', continuing his involvement with projects related to Greece.<ref name="Telegraph UK"/><ref>[http://www.synthtopia.com/content/2005/06/11/vangelis-alexander-soundtrack/ Synthtopia Review of Alex. S.T.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080819195925/http://www.synthtopia.com/content/2005/06/11/vangelis-alexander-soundtrack/ |date=19 August 2008 }}, Synhtopia.com, Retrieved 26 September 2008</ref>

Vangelis released two albums in 2007; the first was a 3-CD set for the 25th anniversary of ''Blade Runner'', titled ''[[Blade Runner (soundtracks)#2007 release|Blade Runner Trilogy]]'' and second was the soundtrack for the Greek movie, ''[[El Greco (2007 film)|El Greco]]'' directed by [[Yannis Smaragdis]], titled ''[[El Greco Original Motion Picture Soundtrack]]''.<ref name="Nemo15">{{Citation |title=Vangelis - El Greco (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) |date=2007-12-20 |url=https://www.discogs.com/release/1242805-Vangelis-El-Greco-Original-Motion-Picture-Soundtrack |access-date=2025-03-06 |language=en}}</ref>

On 11 December 2011, Vangelis was invited by [[Katara Cultural Village]] in [[Qatar]] to conceive, design, direct, and compose music for the opening of its outdoor amphitheater. The event was witnessed by a number of world leaders and dignitaries participating in the 4th Forum of the [[Alliance of Civilizations|United Nations Alliance of Civilizations]] held in the city of [[Doha]]. British actor [[Jeremy Irons]] performed in the role of master of ceremonies, and the event featured a light show by German artist Gert Hof. It was filmed for a future video release by Oscar-winning British filmmaker [[Hugh Hudson]].<ref name="TheGuardian2012"/><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.gulf-times.com/story/31505/Cultural-village-amphitheatre-opens-with-inspiring-concert |title=Cultural village amphitheatre opens with inspiring concert |author=Peter Townson |date=13 December 2011 |newspaper=[[Gulf Times]] |access-date=27 December 2011 |archive-date=12 October 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161012034950/http://www.gulf-times.com/story/31505/Cultural-village-amphitheatre-opens-with-inspiring-concert |url-status=live }}</ref>

In 2012, Vangelis re-tooled and added new pieces to his iconic ''Chariots of Fire'' soundtrack, for use in the [[Chariots of Fire (play)|same-titled stage adaptation]].<ref name="TheGuardian2012">{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2012/jul/01/vangelis-chariots-olympic-interview |title=Vangelis: why Chariots of Fire's message is still important today |author=Allegra Donn |date=1 July 2012 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |access-date=18 August 2016 |archive-date=22 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220522183334/https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2012/jul/01/vangelis-chariots-olympic-interview |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/theatre/theatre-features/9241633/Chariots-of-Fire-The-British-are-coming...-again.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/theatre/theatre-features/9241633/Chariots-of-Fire-The-British-are-coming...-again.html |archive-date=12 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title=Chariots of Fire: The British are coming... again |author=Jasper Rees |date=3 May 2012 |newspaper=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |access-date=18 August 2016}}{{cbignore}}</ref> He composed the soundtrack of the environmental documentary film ''[[Trashed (film)|Trashed]]'' (2012) directed by Candida Brady and starring Jeremy Irons.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/blog/2012/dec/11/jeremy-irons-trashed-film-waste |title=Jeremy Irons talks trash for his new environmental documentary |author=Leo Hickman |date=11 December 2012 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |access-date=18 August 2016 |archive-date=15 September 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160915003722/https://www.theguardian.com/environment/blog/2012/dec/11/jeremy-irons-trashed-film-waste |url-status=live }}</ref> A documentary film directed by Tony Palmer called''Vangelis and the Journey to Ithaka'' originally filmed in 2008 was finally released in its original cut in 2025. It was supplemented by 9 hours of Vangelis being interviewed by Palmer.<ref name="Journey"/> He also scored the music for the film ''[[Twilight of Shadows]]'' (2014) directed by [[Mohammed Lakhdar-Hamina]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.reviewsnewage.com/2014/05/14/vangelis-compone-la-banda-sonora-de-la-ultima-pelicula-del-director-argelino-mohammed-lakhdar-hamina/ |title=Vangelis compone la banda sonora de la última película del director argelino Mohammed Lakhdar-Hamina |author=Alejandro Clavijo |date=14 May 2014 |publisher=Reviews New Age |access-date=18 August 2016 |archive-date=23 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170123074902/http://www.reviewsnewage.com/2014/05/14/vangelis-compone-la-banda-sonora-de-la-ultima-pelicula-del-director-argelino-mohammed-lakhdar-hamina/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

For the 12 November 2014 landing of the [[Philae (spacecraft)|Philae]] lander on [[67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko|Comet 67P]] (part of the [[European Space Agency]]'s [[Rosetta (spacecraft)|Rosetta]] mission), Vangelis composed three short pieces titled "Arrival", "Rosetta's Waltz", and "Philae's Journey". The pieces were released online as videos accompanied by images and animations from the [[Rosetta (spacecraft)|Rosetta]] mission.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://blogs.esa.int/rosetta/2014/12/19/music-of-the-irregular-spheres/ |title=Music Of The Irregular Spheres |author=Claudia |date=19 December 2014 |publisher=[[European Space Agency]] |access-date=18 August 2016 |archive-date=9 September 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160909205208/http://blogs.esa.int/rosetta/2014/12/19/music-of-the-irregular-spheres/ |url-status=live }}</ref> He was quoted by ESA as saying, "Mythology, science and space exploration are subjects that have fascinated me since my early childhood. And they were always connected somehow with the music I write". In September 2016, the works were released as part of the new studio album ''[[Rosetta (Vangelis album)|Rosetta]]''.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://store.udiscovermusic.com/*/*/Rosetta/59BZ0000000 |title=Rosetta CD |publisher=uDiscover |access-date=18 August 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160826013051/http://store.udiscovermusic.com/*/*/Rosetta/59BZ0000000 |archive-date=26 August 2016 |url-status=dead}}</ref> In 2018, Vangelis composed an original score for [[Stephen Hawking]]'s memorial. While Hawking's ashes were interred at [[Westminster Abbey]], the music which backed Hawking's words were beamed by the ESA to the nearest [[black hole]] to Earth.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-cambridgeshire-44481914|title=Stephen Hawking's words will be beamed into space|date=14 June 2018|publisher=BBC|access-date=17 June 2018|archive-date=17 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180617005628/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-cambridgeshire-44481914|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-cambridgeshire-44494389|title=Stars turn out for Stephen Hawking memorial at Westminster Abbey|date=15 June 2018|publisher=BBC|access-date=17 June 2018|archive-date=16 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180616223921/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-cambridgeshire-44494389|url-status=live}}</ref> It was a personal tribute by Vangelis,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.stephenhawkinginterment.com/thecd/|title=The Stephen Hawking Tribute CD|publisher=The Stephen Hawking Foundation UK|access-date=18 June 2018|archive-date=19 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220519195009/https://www.stephenhawkinginterment.com/thecd/|url-status=dead}}</ref> and a limited CD titled "The Stephen Hawking Tribute" was shared with the family and over 1,000 guests.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2018/06/14/europe/stephen-hawking-voice-black-hole-trnd|title=Stephen Hawking's voice bound for a black hole 3,500 light years away|author=Elizabeth Elkin, Hilary Clarke and Brandon Griggs|date=15 June 2018|publisher=CNN|access-date=18 June 2018|archive-date=18 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180618104012/https://edition.cnn.com/2018/06/14/europe/stephen-hawking-voice-black-hole-trnd|url-status=live}}</ref>

On 25 January 2019, a new studio album, ''[[Nocturne: The Piano Album]]'', was released which includes both new and old compositions played on a [[grand piano]] and were "inspired by night time, and by Vangelis's long-held passion for space".<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.udiscovermusic.com/news/vangelis-sets-new-mission-nocturne-album/ |title=Vangelis Sets Out On New Mission With 'Nocturne' Album |author=Paul Sexton |date=19 December 2018 |publisher=uDiscover |access-date=20 December 2018 |archive-date=8 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190408024852/https://www.udiscovermusic.com/news/vangelis-sets-new-mission-nocturne-album/ |url-status=live }}</ref> However, Vangelis recalled he was kind-of pressured by the record company to release it and include old compositions.<ref name="LAT19">{{cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/arts/la-et-cm-vangelis-nocturne-20190326-story.html|title=Vangelis trades synthesizers for piano and finds life after the film score|date=26 March 2019|newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]]|first=Tim|last=Greiving|access-date=19 May 2022|archive-date=19 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220519194916/https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/arts/la-et-cm-vangelis-nocturne-20190326-story.html|url-status=live}}</ref> In the same year, Vangelis wrote an electro-orchestral score rooted in ethnic music for ''[[The Thread]]'', a modern dance piece created by [[Russell Maliphant]] inspired by [[Greek mythology]] and Hellenic dances.<ref name="LAT19"/> It received very positive reviews,<ref>{{cite web|first=Mark|last=Monahan|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/dance/what-to-see/thread-review-russell-maliphant-vangelis-sadlers-wells-greece/|title=The Thread, Russell Maliphant and Vangelis, Sadler's Wells, review: Greece is the word in this scenic cross-cultural odyssey|date=16 March 2019|work=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|access-date=19 May 2022|archive-date=19 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220519203620/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/dance/what-to-see/thread-review-russell-maliphant-vangelis-sadlers-wells-greece/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|first=Debra|last=Craine|url=https://www.thetimes.com/life-style/article/review-the-thread-at-sadlers-wells-xdrrvwmkf|title=Review: The Thread at Sadler's Wells|date=18 March 2019|work=[[The Times]]|access-date=19 May 2022|archive-date=19 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220519203620/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/review-the-thread-at-sadlers-wells-xdrrvwmkf|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|first=Sarah|last=Crompton|url=https://www.theguardian.com/stage/2019/mar/24/russell-maliphant-vangelis-the-thread-review-sadlers-wells|title=Russell Maliphant and Vangelis: The Thread review – reimagining Greece|date=24 March 2019|newspaper=[[The Guardian]]|access-date=19 May 2022|archive-date=19 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220519194850/https://www.theguardian.com/stage/2019/mar/24/russell-maliphant-vangelis-the-thread-review-sadlers-wells|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|first=Marianka|last=Swain|url=https://theartsdesk.com/dance/thread-sadlers-wells-digital-stage-review-greek-folk-and-contemporary-unite|title=The Thread, Sadler's Wells Digital Stage review - Greek folk and contemporary unite|date=20 April 2020|publisher=[[The Arts Desk]]|access-date=19 May 2022|archive-date=19 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220519203621/https://theartsdesk.com/dance/thread-sadlers-wells-digital-stage-review-greek-folk-and-contemporary-unite|url-status=live}}</ref> and its CD & DVD was released in a special limited edition by Andromeda Music.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.discogs.com/release/15419043-Vangelis-The-Thread|title=Vangelis – The Thread|publisher=[[Discogs]]|access-date=19 May 2022|archive-date=19 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220519203620/https://www.discogs.com/release/15419043-Vangelis-The-Thread|url-status=live}}</ref> On the Maliphant's project he also collaborated with fashion designer [[Mary Katrantzou]] for whom composed new music for her fashion shows.<ref>{{cite web|first=Sarah|last=Mower|url=https://www.vogue.com/fashion-shows/spring-2019-ready-to-wear/mary-katrantzou|title=Mary Katrantzou: Spring 2019 Ready-To-Wear|date=15 September 2018|work=[[Vogue (magazine)|Vogue]]|access-date=19 May 2022|archive-date=19 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220519212722/https://www.vogue.com/fashion-shows/spring-2019-ready-to-wear/mary-katrantzou|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|first=Flora|last=Johnston|url=https://www.ft.com/content/68444d32-e698-11e9-9743-db5a370481bc |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221210/https://www.ft.com/content/68444d32-e698-11e9-9743-db5a370481bc |archive-date=10 December 2022 |url-access=subscription|title=Mary Katrantzou shows a Greek Epic at the Temple of Poseidon|date=4 October 2019|work=[[Financial Times]]|access-date=19 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|first=Liam|last=Freeman|url=https://www.vogue.in/fashion/content/fashion-designer-mary-katrantzou-on-her-breathtaking-show-that-supported-a-cancer-charity-at-the-temple-of-poseidon|title=Mary Katrantzou on her breathtaking show that supported a cancer charity, at the Temple of Poseidon|date=7 October 2019|work=[[Vogue (magazine)|Vogue]]|access-date=19 May 2022|archive-date=25 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210925064153/https://www.vogue.in/fashion/content/fashion-designer-mary-katrantzou-on-her-breathtaking-show-that-supported-a-cancer-charity-at-the-temple-of-poseidon|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.athensinsider.com/mary-katrantzou-epic-fashion-show-at-sounion/|title=Mary Katrantzou: An exalted collection at an epic setting|date=20 March 2020|publisher=Athens Insider|access-date=19 May 2022|archive-date=10 February 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240210105932/https://www.athensinsider.com/mary-katrantzou-epic-fashion-show-at-sounion/|url-status=live}}</ref>

On 24 September 2021, Vangelis released ''[[Juno to Jupiter]]'', his last studio album. It was inspired by [[NASA]]'s [[Juno (spacecraft)|Juno]] spacecraft, featuring the soprano [[Angela Gheorghiu]] on several tracks.<ref>{{cite news |last=Parr |first=Freya |date=3 August 2021 |title=Vangelis to release album inspired by NASA's Jupiter exploration |url=https://www.classical-music.com/features/articles/vangelis-to-release-album-inspired-by-nasas-jupiter-exploration/ |work=[[BBC Music Magazine]] |access-date=19 May 2022 |archive-date=28 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220528225341/https://www.classical-music.com/features/articles/vangelis-to-release-album-inspired-by-nasas-jupiter-exploration/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=6 August 2021 |title=Vangelis to release Juno To Jupiter this September |url=https://www.classicpopmag.com/2021/08/vangelis-juno-to-jupiter/ |work=[[Classic Pop (magazine)|Classic Pop]] |access-date=19 May 2022 |archive-date=22 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220522095011/https://www.classicpopmag.com/2021/08/vangelis-juno-to-jupiter/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Personal life and death==
For a musician of his stature, very little is known about Vangelis' personal life; and he rarely gave interviews to journalists.<ref name="Spin">{{cite magazine |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=16jp_aFRHdgC |title=New Sounds |author=John Schaefer |date=June 1985 |magazine=[[Spin (magazine)|Spin]] |volume=1 |issue=2 |page=49 |issn=0886-3032 |access-date=3 October 2020 |archive-date=10 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240210110028/https://books.google.com/books?id=16jp_aFRHdgC |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="LAT19"/>
In 2005, he stated that he was "never interested" in the "decadent lifestyle" of his band days, choosing not to use alcohol or other drugs.<ref name="Telegraph UK"/> He also had little interest in the music industry business and achieving stardom, realising "that success and pure creativity are not very compatible. The more successful you become, the more you become a product of something that generates money".<ref name="APDeath"/><ref name=TS82/><ref name="TheGuardian2012"/> Instead, he used it to be as free and independent as possible and often rejected the opportunity to promote or capitalise on his fame.<ref name=TS82/>

In mid-1980s, he was in a relationship with Kathy Hill, who was the model in [[Wham!]] hit song "[[Last Christmas]]".<ref>{{cite news |title=Last Christmas model recalls 'hilarious' video shoot |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/ce8x1v5ll47o |access-date=16 December 2024 |work=BBC News |date=15 December 2024 |quote=Kathy Hill was in a real-life relationship with the Oscar-winning musician Vangelis at the time}}</ref>

Vangelis's place of residence was not publicly known; instead of settling in one place or country, he chose to "travel around".<ref name="Telegraph UK"/> He did own a house by the [[Acropolis of Athens]] which he did not renovate.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ekathimerini.com/culture/1184779/oscar-winning-composer-vangelis-passes-away/|title=Oscar-winning composer Vangelis passes away|date=19 May 2022|publisher=Ekathimerini|access-date=22 May 2022|archive-date=22 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220522200923/https://www.ekathimerini.com/culture/1184779/oscar-winning-composer-vangelis-passes-away/|url-status=live}}</ref> Vangelis did not have children; in 2005, he was in his third long-term relationship and said: "I couldn't take care of a child in the way I think it should be taken care of."<ref name="Telegraph UK"/> Other interviews mention that Vangelis had been married twice; one of these marriages was to French photographer Veronique Skawinska, who produced work for some of his albums.<ref name="Elsewhere Oor" /><ref>[http://vangeliscollector.com/telegraph112182.htm Vangelis collector Telegraph interview] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220608031710/http://vangeliscollector.com/telegraph112182.htm |date=8 June 2022 }} Retrieved 12 October 2008</ref> A 1982 interview with ''[[Backstage (magazine)|Backstage]]'' suggests that Vangelis was previously married to Greek singer Vana Veroutis,<ref>[http://elsew.com/data/backst82.htm Elsewhere Backstage] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220523014740/http://elsew.com/data/backst82.htm |date=23 May 2022 }} Retrieved 12 October 2008</ref><ref>[http://www.vangelismovements.com/vana.htm According to the Vangelis Movements website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120211232901/http://www.vangelismovements.com/vana.htm |date=11 February 2012 }} not mentioning marriage to Veroutis, she is reported to have played again recently (2012). This website refers to Veroutis' own website, and includes images of Vangelis and Veroutis together.</ref> who provided vocals for some of his records.<ref>{{cite web |first=Dave |last=Connolly |url=https://www.allmusic.com/album/r83733 |title=La Fete Sauvage |website=[[AllMusic]] |date= |access-date=10 September 2013 |archive-date=10 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240210110038/https://www.allmusic.com/album/la-f%C3%AAte-sauvage-original-motion-picture-soundtrack--mw0003461676 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.allmusic.com/album/heaven-and-hell-mw0000262202/credits |title=Heaven and Hell - Vangelis |website=[[AllMusic]] |access-date=20 May 2022 |archive-date=20 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220520175911/https://www.allmusic.com/album/heaven-and-hell-mw0000262202/credits |url-status=live }}</ref>

Although a very private person, according to many accounts he was an "inordinately approachable", "really nice" and "humorous" man, who enjoyed long friendly gatherings, was fascinated by Ancient Greek philosophy, the science and physics of music and sound, and space exploration.<ref name="APDeath"/><ref name="LAT19"/> His daily activities mainly involved combining and playing his electronic instruments and the piano.<ref name="APDeath"/><ref name="Spin"/><ref name="LAT19"/> He also enjoyed painting.<ref name="APDeath"/> His first exhibition, of 70 paintings, was held in 2003 at Almudin in [[Valencia]], Spain. It then toured South America until the end of 2004.<ref name="TheGuardian2012"/><ref name="Nemo14">{{cite web |url=http://www.nemostudios.co.uk/nemo/main/vangelis/v14.htm |title=Nemo: Vangelis – chapter 14 |website=Nemostudios.co.uk |access-date=18 August 2016 |archive-date=23 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220523022427/http://www.nemostudios.co.uk/nemo/main/vangelis/v14.htm |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.vangelismovements.com/vangelispaintings.htm|title=Vangelis Paintings|publisher=Vangelis Movements|access-date=6 November 2016|archive-date=20 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220520020624/https://www.vangelismovements.com/vangelispaintings.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>

Vangelis was suffering from several health issues in the last couple of years and died of [[heart failure]] on 17 May 2022, at the age of 79, at a hospital in [[Paris]], where he was being treated for [[COVID-19]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Vangelis, composer of 'Chariots of Fire' score, dies at 79 |url=https://nationalpost.com/pmn/entertainment-pmn/vangelis-composer-of-chariots-of-fire-score-dies-at-79-2 |work=[[National Post]] |access-date=19 May 2022 |archive-date=10 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240210110442/https://nationalpost.com/pmn/entertainment-pmn/vangelis-composer-of-chariots-of-fire-score-dies-at-79-2 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=19 May 2022 |title=Vangelis Papathanasiou: Oscar-winning composer passes away at the age of 79 |url=https://www.ot.gr/2022/05/19/english-edition/vangelis-papathanasiou-oscar-winning-composer-passes-away-at-the-age-of-79/ |quote=Vangelis died at hospital in France on Tuesday, where he was being treated for Covid-19 |work=OT.gr |access-date=19 May 2022 |archive-date=19 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220519201556/https://www.ot.gr/2022/05/19/english-edition/vangelis-papathanasiou-oscar-winning-composer-passes-away-at-the-age-of-79/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url = https://www.npr.org/2022/05/19/1100133193/vangelis-dead|title = Vangelis, famed film composer and synth pioneer, dead at 79|publisher = [[NPR]]|date = 19 May 2022|access-date = 19 May 2022|last = Limbong|first = Andrew|archive-date = 16 July 2022|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220716075627/https://www.npr.org/2022/05/19/1100133193/vangelis-dead|url-status = live}}</ref>

==Musical style and sensibility==

The musical style of Vangelis is diverse; although he primarily used [[electronic music instrument]]s, which characterize [[electronic music]], his music has been described as a mixture of [[electronica]],<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.udiscovermusic.com.au/rediscover-vangelis-see-you-later |title=Rediscover Vangelis' 'See You Later' |newspaper=Udiscover Australia |date=29 February 2016 |publisher=uDiscover |access-date=20 August 2016 |archive-date=27 August 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160827054113/http://www.udiscovermusic.com.au/rediscover-vangelis-see-you-later |url-status=live }}</ref> classical (his music was often [[symphony|symphonic]]), [[progressive rock]],<ref name="AMG">{{cite web |url=http://ambientmusicguide.com/a-z-essential-albums/vangelis/ |title=Vangelis |author=Mike G |work=Ambient Music Guide |publisher=Mike Watson aka Mike G |access-date=20 August 2016 |archive-date=7 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220507012659/http://ambientmusicguide.com/a-z-essential-albums/vangelis/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> jazz (improvisations),<ref name="Spin"/> [[ambient music|ambient]],<ref name="AMG"/><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.udiscovermusic.com.au/ambient-in-20-songs |title=Ambient In 20 Songs |newspaper=Udiscover Australia |date=5 May 2016 |publisher=uDiscover |access-date=20 August 2016 |archive-date=27 August 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160827021443/http://www.udiscovermusic.com.au/ambient-in-20-songs |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Avant-garde music|avant-garde]]/[[experimental music|experimental]],<ref name="AMG"/><ref name="Pitchfork">{{cite web |url=http://pitchfork.com/reviews/albums/11110-blade-runner-trilogy-25th-anniversary/ |title=Blade Runner Trilogy: 25th Anniversary |author=Mike Orme |date=7 February 2008 |website=[[Pitchfork (website)|Pitchfork]] |access-date=20 August 2016 |archive-date=29 October 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029200702/http://pitchfork.com/reviews/albums/11110-blade-runner-trilogy-25th-anniversary/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and [[World music|world]].<ref name="Spin"/><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.udiscovermusic.com.au/rediscover-china |title=Rediscover China |newspaper=Udiscover Australia |date=30 September 2014 |publisher=uDiscover |access-date=20 August 2016 |archive-date=27 August 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160827054117/http://www.udiscovermusic.com.au/rediscover-china |url-status=live }}</ref> Vangelis is sometimes categorized as a [[New-age music|new-age]] composer,<ref name="Pitchfork"/> a classification others have disputed. Vangelis himself called New-age music a style which "gave the opportunity for untalented people to make very boring music".<ref name="Telegraph UK"/>

''Synthtopia'', an electronic music review website, stated that Vangelis's music could be referred to as "symphonic electronica"<ref name="Hischak" /> because of his use of synthesizers in an orchestral fashion. The site went on to describe his music as [[melodic]]: "drawing on the melodies of [[folk music]], especially the Greek music of his homeland".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.synthtopia.com/content/2004/01/17/vangelis/ |title=Review of Vangelis |date=17 January 2004 |website=Synthtopia.com |access-date=6 October 2008 |archive-date=1 December 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091201063919/http://www.synthtopia.com/content/2004/01/17/vangelis/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Vangelis's music and compositions have also been described as "a distinctive sound with simple, repetitive yet memorable tunes against evocative rhythms and [[chord progression]]s".<ref>[http://www.mfiles.co.uk/composers/Vangelis.htm Mfiles biog]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090102020244/http://www.mfiles.co.uk/composers/Vangelis.htm |date=2 January 2009 }}. Retrieved 6 October 2008.</ref> 

In an interview with ''Soundtrack'', a music and film website, Vangelis talked about his compositional processes. For films, Vangelis stated that he would begin composing a [[Film score|score]] for a feature as soon as he had seen a rough cut of the footage.<ref>[http://www.soundtrack.net/features/article/?id=134 Soundtrack Interview]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060912203648/http://www.soundtrack.net/features/article/?id=134 |date=12 September 2006 }}. Soundtrack.net. Retrieved 6 October 2008.</ref> In addition to working with synthesizers and other electronic instruments, Vangelis also worked with and conducted orchestras. For example, in the [[Oliver Stone]] film ''[[Alexander (2004 film)|Alexander]]'', Vangelis conducted an orchestra that consisted of various [[Orchestra#Instrumentation|classical instruments]] including [[sitar]]s, percussion, [[finger cymbals]], harps, and [[duduk]]s.<ref>[http://www.musicfromthemovies.com/review.asp?ID=4610 MFTM review of Alexander]. Retrieved 6 October 2008. {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080419030600/http://www.musicfromthemovies.com/review.asp?ID=4610 |date=19 April 2008 }}.</ref>

{{Blockquote|He explains his customary method of approach. As soon as the musical idea is there, as many keyboards as possible are connected to the control-desk, which in turn are directly connected to the applicable tracks of the multi-track machine. The idea now is to play as many keyboards as possible at the same time. That way, as broad a basis as possible develops, which only needs fine-tuning. After that it's a question of adding things or leaving out things.<ref>[http://www.elsew.com/data/sumpts.htm Vangelis interview to ''Music Maker'' magazine, September 1982] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060918202119/http://elsew.com/data/sumpts.htm |date=18 September 2006 }} Retrieved 20 August 2008</ref>}}

While acknowledging that computers are "extremely helpful and amazing for a multitude of scientific areas", he described them as "insufficient and slow" for the immediate and spontaneous creation and, in terms of communication, "the worst thing that has happened for the performing musician".<ref name="TheGuardian2012"/><ref name="Goldstein"/> He considered that contemporary civilization is living in a cultural "dark age" of "musical pollution". He considered musical composing a science rather than an art, similar to [[Pythagoreanism#Music and harmony|Pythagoreanism]].<ref name="Telegraph UK"/> He had a mystical viewpoint on music as "one of the greatest forces in the universe",<ref name="TheGuardian2012"/><ref>{{cite news |url=http://edition.cnn.com/2001/TECH/space/07/03/space.vangelis.reut/ |title=Greek composer Vangelis says music shaped space |date=4 July 2001 |publisher=CNN |access-date=20 August 2016 |archive-date=28 August 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160828060128/http://edition.cnn.com/2001/TECH/space/07/03/space.vangelis.reut/ |url-status=live }}</ref> that the "music exists before we exist".<ref name="Telegraph UK"/> His experience of music is a kind of [[synaesthesia]].<ref name="Telegraph UK"/><ref>{{cite news |last=Ewing |first=Jerry |date=2 May 2021 |title=Vangelis discusses the impact of synaesthesia in his music |url=https://www.loudersound.com/news/vangelis-discusses-the-impact-of-synaesthesia-in-his-music |work=[[Prog (magazine)|Prog]] |access-date=24 May 2022 |archive-date=27 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220527134632/https://www.loudersound.com/news/vangelis-discusses-the-impact-of-synaesthesia-in-his-music |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Instruments and equipment==

As a musician who always composed and played primarily on keyboards, Vangelis relied heavily on [[synthesizers]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nemostudios.co.uk/nemo/tour/recording/recording.htm |title=Nemo Studios: Portrait of a studio |website=Nemostudios.co.uk |access-date=12 June 2010 |archive-date=28 May 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100528181916/http://www.nemostudios.co.uk/nemo/tour/recording/recording.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> and other electronic approaches to music, although his first instrument was the piano. He also played and used many [[acoustic music|acoustic]] and [[folk instrument|folk]] instruments when required <ref name="Hischak" />) and was a keen percussionist (in addition to a standard drum kit, he performed on vibraphone, timpani, symphonic gongs and snare drums, various gamelan instruments, a tubular bell, a wind gong, a bell tree, and crotales). On several of his albums, he employed a live [[choir]] and classical soprano (usually Vana Veroutis). 

{{Blockquote|I don't always play synthesizers. I play acoustic instruments with the same pleasure. I'm happy when I have unlimited choice; in order to do that, you need everything from simple acoustic sounds to electronic sounds.<ref name="Spin"/> Sound is sound and vibration is vibration, whether from an electronic source or an acoustic instrument.<ref name="TheGuardian2012"/>}}

Vangelis' first electric keyboard was a [[Hammond organ#Console organs|Hammond B3 organ]], while his first synthesizer was a [[Korg]] 700 monophonic.<ref name="Goldstein"/> By his own admission, he never got rid of keyboards during the first two decades of his career, but accumulated new ones and simply stopped actively using the old ones once he had effective replacements or had exhausted their possibilities. By the mid-1970s, when based at his Nemo Studio in London, he was also using Elka Tornado IV Reed and Farfisa [[Farfisa#Later_models|Syntorchestra]] organs, a Selmer [[Clavioline]], a [[Hohner Clavinet]] D6, a [[Rhodes piano|Fender Rhodes 88]] electric piano, a GR International Bandmaster Powerhouse 8-track drum machine, a [[Moog Satellite]], and various synthesizers by Roland ([[Roland SH-1000|SH-1000]], SH-2000, and [[Roland SH-3A|SH-3A]]) and Korg (MaxiKorg 800DV, MiniKorg 700, and 700s). From the mid-1970s onward he employed two grand pianos - an [[Imperial Bösendorfer]] and a [[Steinway & Sons]] Concert model.<ref name="nemolist">{{cite web |url=http://www.nemostudios.co.uk/nemo/tour/tour03.htm |title=Nemo Studios: Portrait of a studio (A quick tour of Nemo Studio, page 3 popup "List of instruments" |website=Nemostudios.co.uk |access-date=27 September 2022 |archive-date=29 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220929164636/http://www.nemostudios.co.uk/nemo/tour/tour03.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> 

Both grand pianos, the Roland SH-3A and the Rhodes 88 were retained for Vangelis' active late 1970s and early 1980s setup, which also featured newer synthesizers by Yamaha (CS-40M and GS-1), [[ARP Instruments]] ([[ARP Pro Soloist|Pro Soloist]], [[ARP 2500 |2500]], [[ARP Odyssey|Odyssey]]), [[Oberheim Electronics]] ([[Oberheim Two Voice|two]], four and eight-voice [[Oberheim Polyphonic Synthesizer|Polyphonic Synthesizer]]s), [[Sequential (company)|Sequential Circuits]] ([[Prophet-5|Prophet-5 and Prophet-10]]), Roland ([[Roland Jupiter-4|Jupiter-4]], ProMars Compuphonic and the [[Roland System 100|modular Systems 101, 102, and 104]]), a Korg Polyphonic Ensemble, an [[RSF Kobol]] Black Box, and a [[MiniMoog]]. Other studio equipment during this period included the [[Solina String Ensemble]] and EKO Stradivarius string synthesizers; sequencers by ARP, Roland (CSQ-100 and CSQ-600), and Oberheim ([[Oberheim DS-2|DS-2]]); drum machines by [[Simmons (electronic drum company)|Simmons]] (SDS-V), Korg (KR-55, [[Korg Mini Pops#Minipops 120|Mini Pops 120]]), Roland (CR-5000 Compurhythm), and [[Roger Linn|Linn]] ([[Linn LM-1|LM-1]]); vocoders by [[Electronic Music Studios|EMS]] (Vocoder 1000) and Roland ([[Roland VP-330|VP-330 VocoderPlus Mk. I]]); and the Dubrecq [[Stylophone]] 350S. Vangelis also added a [[Crumar]] Compac-piano and a [[Yamaha CP-80]] to his piano set-up.<ref name=nemolist></ref>

Vangelis' favourite keyboard was the [[Yamaha CS-80]] polyphonic synthesizer, which he began using from 1977 and which allowed him to employ a distinctive and expressive [[vibrato]] technique by [[Keyboard expression|varying the pressure exerted on the key]]. He would use this instrument throughout the 1970s and 1980s to the point that its timbres, abilities, and idiosyncrasies became closely associated with his musical signature. In a 1984 interview, Vangelis described the CS-80 as "the most important synthesizer in my career – and for me the best analogue synthesizer design there has ever been...  It needs a lot of practice if you want to be able to play it properly, but that's because it's the only synthesizer I could describe as being a real instrument, mainly because of the keyboard — the way it's built and what you can do with it."<ref name="Goldstein"/>

For the mid-1980s, Vangelis retained his Roland modular systems and ProMars Compuphonic synthesizers, but added the SH-101 and [[Roland JX-8P|JX8-P]] models, and the [[Roland MKS-80|MKS-80 Super Jupiter]] rack mount module, as well as a [[Yamaha GS-1]]. Other holdovers from previous active setups were the Fender Rhodes 88 and Yamaha CP-80, the MiniMoog, the Prophet-10, and the grand pianos. For drum machines, he retained the Linn LM-1 but added an LM-2 [[LinnDrum]] and an [[E-mu SP-12]]; his chosen sequencers for this period were the Roland CSQ-600 and the ARP; and he upgraded to the Mk. II version of the Roland VP-330 VocoderPlus. Vangelis disliked programming-oriented sampling devices like the [[Fairlight CMI]] (considering them to be too far removed from being relatable instruments) and remained unimpressed by many of the later commercial 1980s polysynths such as the [[Yamaha DX7]]; however, he did use the [[E-mu Emulator]] sampler,<ref name="Goldstein"/> in particular the Emulator II model.<ref name=nemolist></ref>  

For his final period at Nemo in the late 1980s, Vangelis also retained the Emulator II; the Prophet 10 (enhanced by the VS module); the GS-1, his grand pianos, and the CP-80 in active service along with the Roland ProMars Compuphonic, JX8-P, and VP-330 VocoderPlus (while mostly retiring the Fender Rhodes). He would also continue to use the SP-12 and LinnDrum as drum machines, adding the Sequential Circuits TOM. By this point, the Roland modular systems had also been retired, although he would retain the MKS-80 Super Jupiter and augment it with further MKS-20 and MKS-70 rack mount models as well as two further Roland keyboard synthesizers (the [[Roland Jupiter-6|Jupiter-6]] and the [[Roland Juno-106|Juno-106]]). During this time, Vangelis also made a return to Korg keyboards (acquiring a [[Korg DW-8000|DW-8000]] and a [[Korg Poly-800|Poly-800]]) as well as adding the [[Ensoniq Mirage]] to his sampler armoury. Sequencing was now handled by a Roland MSQ-700. Despite his stated disappointment with the Yamaha DX7, he still used it alongside the related modular TX7 version.<ref name=nemolist></ref>

In 1988, Vangelis closed Nemo Studio and embarked on the more nomadic lifestyle he would continue for the rest of his life, moving between homes and hotels in different countries according to whim and circumstance. For this, he made a drastic switch to a portable, all-digital instrumental setup based around the Zyklus MIDI Performance System, which was first heard on his 1988 album ''Direct''.<ref name="spotted">[http://www.elsew.com/data/synths.htm "Spotted Instruments"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220927221804/http://www.elsew.com/data/synths.htm |date=27 September 2022 }} page on "Elsewhere: The Independent Vangelis Website"</ref>

For the last part of his career, Vangelis used a custom keyboard set-up with built-in volume and mixing pedal controls, enabling him to improvise, play, arrange, and orchestrate his music live without overdubbing or needing to move from one sitting position. This ensemble, and the set-up he used for his irregular concert performances, appeared to be based around various Korg and Roland machines as well as the [[E-mu Proteus]] rack module.<ref name=spotted></ref><ref name="pulsecommuning">[http://www.elsew.com/data/pulse.htm "Communing with the Gods"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220523151609/http://elsew.com/data/pulse.htm |date=23 May 2022 }} - ''Pulse!'' magazine (Tower Records, USA), September, 2001 (reproduced on ''Elsewhere'' website)</ref><ref name="klemblad107">[http://www.elsew.com/data/klem107.htm "KLEMblad: Interview with Vangelis"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220930145706/http://elsew.com/data/klem107.htm |date=30 September 2022 }}, ''KLEMblad'' #107, October 2001  (reproduced on ''Elsewhere'' website)</ref>

==Honours and legacy==
In 1989 Vangelis received the [[Max Steiner]] Award.<ref name="Finder">{{cite web |url=http://www.newsfinder.org/site/more/vangelis_papathanassiou/ |title=Vangelis Papathanassiou by Gus Leous |date=7 March 2003 |website=Newsfinder.Org |access-date=20 August 2016 |archive-date=10 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160310091918/http://newsfinder.org/site/more/vangelis_papathanassiou |url-status=dead }}</ref> France made him a Knight of the [[Order of the Arts and Letters]] in 1992 and promoted him to Commander in 2017,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mounarebeiz.com/vangelis-commandeur-des-arts-et-des-lettres-3/|title=Vangelis is 'Commandeur des Arts et des Lettres' (Commander in the Order of Arts and Letters)|date=3 July 2017|work=mounarebeiz.com|access-date=28 July 2017|archive-date=31 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220331014513/https://mounarebeiz.com/vangelis-commandeur-des-arts-et-des-lettres-3/|url-status=dead}}</ref> as well as Knight of the [[National Order of the Legion of Honour]] in 2001.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://ec.europa.eu/internal_market/copyright/docs/management/consultation-rights-management/vangelis_en.pdf |title=Vangelis copyright BUMA and STEMRA |author=Jacqueline A. Schaap |date=21 June 2004 |publisher=Commission of the European Communities |access-date=20 August 2016 |archive-date=23 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170123075724/http://ec.europa.eu/internal_market/copyright/docs/management/consultation-rights-management/vangelis_en.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> In 1993 he received the music award Apollo by Friends of the Athens National Opera Society.<ref name="Finder"/> In 1995, Vangelis had a [[minor planet]] named after him (''[[6354 Vangelis]]'') by the [[International Astronomical Union]]'s Minor Planet Center (MPC) at the [[Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory]]; the name was proposed by the MPC's co-director, [[Gareth V. Williams]], rather than by the object's original discoverer, [[Eugène Joseph Delporte]], who died in 1955, long before the 1934 discovery could be confirmed by observations made in 1990. In 1996 and 1997, Vangelis received awards at the [[World Music Awards]].<ref name="Finder"/>

[[NASA]] conferred their [[Public Service Medal (NASA)|Public Service Medal]] to Vangelis in 2003. The award is the highest honour the space agency presents to an individual not involved with the [[American government]]. Five years later, in 2008, the board of the [[National and Kapodistrian University of Athens]] voted to award Vangelis an [[honorary doctoral degree]], making him a [[professor emeritus]] at their Faculty of Primary Education. In June 2008, the [[American Hellenic Institute]] honoured Vangelis with an AHI Hellenic Heritage Achievement Award for his "exceptional artistic achievements" as a pioneer in electronic music and for his lifelong dedication to the promotion of [[Hellenization|Hellenism]] through the arts.<ref>[http://www.ahiworld.org/press_releases/071008b.html American Hellenic website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090412103847/http://www.ahiworld.org/press_releases/071008b.html |date=12 April 2009 }} Retrieved 22 February 2009</ref> On 16 September 2013, he received the honour of appearing on the [[Postage stamps and postal history of Greece#Commemorative stamps|Greek 80 cent postage stamp]], as part of a series of six distinguished living personalities of the [[Greek Diaspora]].<ref>{{cite web |last=Papantoniou |first=Margarita |url=http://greece.greekreporter.com/2013/09/17/six-greek-diaspora-personalities-on-postal-stamps/#sthash.Hf7eC8Ye.dpuf |title=Six Greek Diaspora Personalities on Postal Stamps &#124; GreekReporter.com |website=Greece.greekreporter.com |date=17 September 2013 |access-date=24 April 2014 |archive-date=9 April 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140409044923/http://greece.greekreporter.com/2013/09/17/six-greek-diaspora-personalities-on-postal-stamps/#sthash.Hf7eC8Ye.dpuf |url-status=live }}</ref> In May 2018 the [[University of Thessaly]] in Vangelis's hometown of [[Volos]] awarded him an honorary doctorate degree in electrical and computer engineering.<ref>{{cite web|title=Honorary Doctorate degree for Vangelis|url=http://elsew.com/data/latest.htm|website=Elsewhere|access-date=24 May 2018|archive-date=1 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181001203537/http://www.elsew.com/data/latest.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>

The [[American Film Institute]] nominated Vangelis's scores for ''[[Blade Runner]]'' and ''[[Chariots of Fire]]'' for [[AFI's 100 Years of Film Scores|their list of the 25 greatest film scores]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.afi.com/Docs/100Years/scores250.pdf|title=AFI's 100 Years of Film Scores Ballot|website=Afi.com|access-date=30 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190805075852/https://www.afi.com/Docs/100Years/scores250.pdf |archive-date=2019-08-05}}</ref>

==Discography==
{{Main|Vangelis discography}}
* Sources:<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.vangelislyrics.com/vangelis-discography/index.htm|title=Vangelis discography|access-date=19 May 2022|publisher=Vangelis Lyrics|archive-date=8 August 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220808062213/http://www.vangelislyrics.com/vangelis-discography/index.htm|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.albumoftheyear.org/artist/20664-vangelis/|title=Vangelis Albums, Songs|publisher=Album of the Year.org|access-date=19 May 2022|archive-date=21 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220521040502/https://www.albumoftheyear.org/artist/20664-vangelis/|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Studio albums===
{{Div col|colwidth=30em}}
*''[[Fais que ton rêve soit plus long que la nuit]]'' (1972)
*''[[Earth (Vangelis album)|Earth]]'' (1973)
*''[[Heaven and Hell (Vangelis album)|Heaven and Hell]]'' (1975)
*''[[Albedo 0.39]]'' (1976)
*''[[Spiral (Vangelis album)|Spiral]]'' (1977)
*''[[Beaubourg (album)|Beaubourg]]'' (1978)
*''[[Hypothesis (album)|Hypothesis]]'' (1978; unofficial)
*''[[The Dragon (album)|The Dragon]]'' (1978; unofficial)
*''[[China (Vangelis album)|China]]'' (1979)
*''[[See You Later]]'' (1980)
*''[[Soil Festivities (album)|Soil Festivities]]'' (1984)
*''[[Mask (Vangelis album)|Mask]]'' (1985)
*''[[Invisible Connections]]'' (1985)
*''[[Direct (Vangelis album)|Direct]]'' (1988)
*''[[The City (Vangelis album)|The City]]'' (1990)
*''[[Foros Timis Ston Greco]]'' (1995)
*''[[Voices (Vangelis album)|Voices]]'' (1995)
*''[[Oceanic (Vangelis album)|Oceanic]]'' (1996)
*''[[El Greco (album)|El Greco]]'' (1998)
*''[[Mythodea|Mythodea – Music for the NASA Mission: 2001 Mars Odyssey]]'' (2001)
*''[[Rosetta (album)|Rosetta]]'' (2016)
*''[[Nocturne: The Piano Album]]'' (2019)
*''[[Juno to Jupiter]]'' (2021)
{{Div col end}}

===Soundtracks===
{{Div col|colwidth=30em}}
*''5000 Lies'' (1966)<ref>{{Cite web |author=Damian R |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1gkrxTYjInA |title=Vangelis: 5000 Lies (5000 Psimmata) - full album - 1967 | website=[[YouTube]] |date=2020-11-25 |access-date=2024-11-07}}</ref>
*''[[L'Apocalypse des animaux (album)|L'Apocalypse des animaux]]'' (1973)
*''[[Do You Hear the Dogs Barking#Soundtrack|Ignacio (aka "Do You hear the Dogs Barking?" and "Entends-tu les chiens aboyer")]]'' (1975)
*''[[La Fête sauvage]]'' (1976)
*''[[Opéra sauvage]]'' (1979)
*''[[Chariots of Fire (album)|Chariots of Fire]]'' (1981)
*''[[Blade Runner (soundtrack)|Blade Runner]]'' (1994; official)
*''[[Antarctica (Vangelis album)|Antarctica]]'' (1983)
*''[[The Bounty (1984 film)#Music|The Bounty]]'' (1984)
*''[[Francesco (1989 film)#Music| Francesco]]'' (1989)
*''[[1492: Conquest of Paradise (album)|1492: Conquest of Paradise]]'' (1992)
*''[[Alexander (soundtrack)|Alexander]]'' (2004)
*''[[Blade Runner (soundtrack)#2007 release|Blade Runner Trilogy: 25th Anniversary]]'' (2007)
*''[[El Greco (soundtrack)|El Greco: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack]]'' (2007)
*''[[Chariots of Fire (play)#Score|Chariots of Fire – The Play: Music from the Stage Show]]'' (2012)
{{Div col end}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{wikiquote|Vangelis}}
{{Commons category|Vangelis}}
* {{IMDb name|id=0006331}}
* [https://www.discogs.com/en/artist/7027-Vangelis?lang_alt=en/ Vangelis on Discogs] 
* [https://www.allmusic.com/artist/vangelis-mn0000840000 Vangelis on AllMusic]
* [http://www.elsew.com/ Independent Vangelis Site]
* [http://www.vangelismovements.com/ Vangelis's Movements]
* [http://www.vangeliscollector.com/ Vangelis Collector]
* [http://www.nemostudios.co.uk/ Vangelis's Nemo Studios]
* [http://www.vangelishistory.com/ Vangelis History]
* [http://www.denofgeek.com/movies/7175/blade_runner_a_brief_chat_with_vangelis.html Interview with Vangelis] from Den of Geek
* [http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p01h3hmz Interview with Vangelis] on composing ''Chariots of Fire'' from BBC Four's Sound of Cinema

{{Vangelis}}
{{Navboxes
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|list =
{{Academy Award Best Original Score}}
{{Georges Delerue Award}}
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{{Aphrodite's Child}}
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[[Category:Vangelis| ]]
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