Editing Vabis

{{Short description|Swedish railway car manufacturer}}
{{Infobox company
| name = Vagnfabriks Aktiebolaget i Södertelge
| logo =
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| image = Mariefred - Östra Södermanlands Järnväg - JGJ Co 2 - Vabis 1893.jpg
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| image_caption = JGJ Co 2 at [[Östra Södermanlands Järnväg]]<br /> in [[Mariefred]], built by Vabis in 1893.
| native_name =
| native_name_lang = <!-- Use ISO 639-1 code, e.g. "fr" for French. For multiple names in different languages, use {{lang|[code]|[name]}}. -->
| former_name =
| type = 
| industry = {{unbulleted list|[[Rail industry|Rail]]|[[Automotive industry|Automotive]]}}
| founded = December 1891<!-- if known: {{start date and age|YYYY|MM|DD}} in [[city]], [[state]], [[country]] -->
| founder = <!-- or: | founders = -->
| defunct = 1911<!-- {{end date|YYYY|MM|DD}} -->
| fate = [[Merger|Merged]] with [[Maskinfabriks-aktiebolaget Scania]], to create [[Scania-Vabis]]
| hq_location =
| hq_location_city = [[Södertälje]]
| hq_location_country = [[Sweden]]
| area_served = <!-- or: | areas_served = -->
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| products =
| brands = Vabis
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| owner = <!-- or: | owners = -->
| ratio = <!-- for BANKS ONLY -->
| rating = <!-- for BANKS ONLY -->
| website = <!-- or: | homepage = --><!-- {{URL|example.com}} -->
}}
'''Vabis''' was the abbreviation and later also trademark of [[Sweden|Swedish]] [[railway car]] manufacturer '''V'''agnfabriks '''A'''ktie'''b'''olaget '''i''' '''S'''ödertälje, which translates ''Wagon Factory Limited Company of Södertälje'', established in 1891 in [[Södertälje]]. Vabis also manufactured [[petrol engine]]s, [[automobile]]s, [[truck]]s, motor-powered [[draisine]]s, [[motorboat]]s and [[marine engine]]s.<ref name="vabis1907" /> The company was in 1911 merged with [[Maskinfabriks-aktiebolaget Scania]], to form [[Scania-Vabis]].

==History==
[[File:Vabis 1903.jpg|thumb|left|Vabis Tonneau 1903]]
[[File:Vabis Truck 1909.jpg|thumb|left|Vabis 2-ton truck 1909]]
[[File:Vabis 2S Limousine 1909.jpg|thumb|Vabis 2S Limousine 1909]]
The company was established in December 1891 by [[Steelmaking|steel manufacturer]] {{ill|Surahammars Bruk|sv}} and engineer and entrepreneur {{ill|Philip Wersén|sv}} (1854–1940),<ref name="heritage-timeline1891" /> in what was then known as Södertelge, [[Södermanland County]]. Customers for the railway cars were the [[Swedish State Railways]] (SJ), [[Stockholms Spårvägar (1915)|Stockholms Spårvägar]] and other, private railway operators. In 1900, Vabis had a peak year, building a total of 323 carriages. Around 1904, they were allocated to build 150 carriages per year for SJ. The demand for carriages had levelled out, and manufacturers like Vabis needed to find other markets to stay afloat.<ref name="scania1900" /><ref name="autoevo" />

The first [[automobile]] built related to the company was a four-[[automobile seat|seater]] designed by Gustaf Erikson in [[Surahammar]] in 1897.<ref name="georgano1990">[[Georgano, G.N.]] ''Cars: Early and Vintage, 1886-1930''. (London: Grange-Universal, 1990), p.24</ref><ref name="heritage-timeline1897" /> Erikson had been hired by Vabis in 1896 to design engines and motorized carriages.<ref name="scania1900" /> Strongly resembling a contemporary carriage,<ref name="georgano1990" /> it used a [[single cylinder engine|one-cylinder]] [[kerosene]] engine, tiller [[steering]],<ref name="georgano1990" /> and was not a success. Erikson replaced it with a tube-ignition [[four-stroke engine|four-stroke]] [[flat-twin]] in 1898, mounting it in a horse carriage, which he drove briefly.<ref name="georgano1990" /> He then joined Vabis and started building automobiles. The first truck was built in 1902.<ref name="scania1900" /><ref name="heritage-timeline1897" /> In December 1903, one of their automobiles was displayed at the [[auto show]] in [[Paris]].<ref name="norsk-scania1995" /> The same year, they also received the first actual order for a motor vehicle, a rail inspection car for Ystad–Eslövs Järnväg, powered by a one-cylinder 3.5-horsepower engine.<ref name="scania1900" /><ref name="autoevo" />

After being used as an abbreviation for the tongue-twisting company name for some time, "Vabis" was registered as a trademark in 1906.<ref name="heritage-timeline1906" /> In 1908, a new 3-ton truck with a 20-horsepower engine was developed, winning the gold medal at the [[Royal Automobile Club (Sweden)|Swedish Royal Automobile Club]]'s international truck competition in 1909, but there was no real market for the trucks, selling only five vehicles per year, in comparison to the company's expectance of 50 per year.<ref name="scania1900" /><ref name="autoevo" />

Surahammars Bruk kept losing money on the Vabis factory, and tried selling it, with the option of even closing it down if no buyer was found. But a buyer was found in Per Alfred Nordeman, managing director of [[Malmö]]-based [[Maskinfabriks-aktiebolaget Scania]], a company with far better success in building automobiles and trucks, and with the need for a partner to build [[coachwork]]. An agreement was reached in November 1910, and in 1911 the two companies were merged to create [[Scania-Vabis]], today known as Scania AB. Development and production of engines and light automobiles continued at Vabis' location, while trucks were manufactured in Malmö, together with the headquarters. Headquarters moved to Södertälje in 1912, and truck manufacturing too in the late 1920s.<ref name="autoevo" /><ref name="scania1910" />

Examples of Vabis vehicles can be seen at the Scania Museum in the [[Marcus Wallenberg-hallen]] in Södertälje.

==References==
<references>
<ref name="vabis1907">{{cite web |url=http://www.kb.se/Ot/LIBRIS_ot/Aff_tryck1900-20/4o/T-w/Vagn/Vagn.htm |title=(Brochure of 1907) |publisher=Vagnfabriks Aktiebolaget i Södertelge |date=1907 |access-date=17 March 2016}}</ref>
<ref name="norsk-scania1995">{{cite book |last=Berg |first=Jørgen Seemann |year=1995 |title=King of the road i femti år: Norsk Scania AS 1945-1995 |isbn=82-993693-0-4 |location=Oslo, Norway |publisher=Norsk Scania AS |url=http://urn.nb.no/URN:NBN:no-nb_digibok_2008021800056#9 |page=9 |language=no}}</ref>
<ref name="scania1900">{{cite web |url=http://www.scania.com/scania-group/history-of-scania/1900/ |title=The history of Scania: 1900 − Pioneering engine-propelled carriages |publisher=Scania AB |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150927012232/http://www.scania.com/scania-group/history-of-scania/1900/ |archive-date=2015-09-27}}</ref>
<ref name="scania1910">{{cite web |url=http://www.scania.com/scania-group/history-of-scania/1910/ |title=The history of Scania: 1910 − A new company is born |publisher=Scania AB |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925222952/http://www.scania.com/scania-group/history-of-scania/1910/ |archive-date=2015-09-25}}</ref>
<ref name="heritage-timeline1891">{{cite web |url=http://www.scania.com/group/en/1891-2/ |title=1891: Vabis is established |publisher=Scania AB |access-date=18 March 2016}}</ref>
<ref name="heritage-timeline1897">{{cite web |url=http://www.scania.com/group/en/1897-2/ |title=1897: First completely Swedish-built car |publisher=Scania AB |access-date=18 March 2016}}</ref>
<ref name="heritage-timeline1906">{{cite web |url=http://www.scania.com/group/en/1906-2/ |title=1906: Vabis trademark is registered |publisher=Scania AB |access-date=18 March 2016}}</ref>
<ref name="autoevo">{{cite web |url=http://www.autoevolution.com/trucks/scania/history/ |title=Scania |publisher=Autoevolution |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120215095531/http://www.autoevolution.com/trucks/scania/history/ |archive-date=2012-02-15}}</ref>
</references>

==External links==
{{commons category|Vabis vehicles}}
* [http://www.scania.com/group/en/the-scania-museum-marcus-wallenberg-hall/ The Scania Museum – Marcus Wallenberg Hall]

[[Category:Vehicle manufacturing companies established in 1891]]
[[Category:Rolling stock manufacturers of Sweden]]
[[Category:Defunct motor vehicle manufacturers of Sweden]]
[[Category:Scania AB]]