Editing Věra Čáslavská

{{short description|Czech gymnast}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2016}}
{{Infobox gymnast
| name            = Věra Čáslavská
| image           = Věra Čáslavská 1967e.jpg
| caption         = Čáslavská at the 1967 European Championships
| fullname        = Věra Čáslavská
| nickname        = {{langx|ja|「東京の恋人」}}<br />{{langx|en|the love of Tokyo}}<br />{{langx|ja|「オリンピックの名花」}}<br />{{langx|en|darling of the Olympic Games}}<br />{{langx|es|La Novia de México}}<br />{{langx|en|The Bride of Mexico}}
| country         = Czechoslovakia
| formercountry   = 
| birth_date      = {{birth date|1942|5|3|df=y}}
| birth_place     = [[Prague]], [[Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia]]
| death_date      = {{death date and age|2016|8|30|1942|5|3|df=y}}
| death_place     = Prague, [[Czech Republic]]
| hometown        = 
| height          = {{convert|5|ft|3|in|order=flip}}<ref name=sr>{{cite Sports-Reference |url=https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/ca/vera-caslavska-1.html |title=Věra Čáslavská |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200417090520/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/ca/vera-caslavska-1.html |archive-date=2020-04-17}}</ref>
| discipline      = WAG
| natlteam        = ~1958–68 ([[Czechoslovakia women's national gymnastics team|TCH]])
| club            = 
| gym             = 
| collegeteam     = 
| headcoach       = 
| assistcoach     = 
| formercoach     = 
| choreographer   = 
| music           = 
| eponymousskills = 
| retired         = 1968
| show-medals     = true
| medaltemplates  = <!-- see [[Template:MedalRelatedTemplates]] -->
{{Medal|Country|{{TCH}}}}
{{Medal|Competition|[[Gymnastics at the Summer Olympics|Olympic Games]]}}
[[File:Olympic rings.svg|center|60px]]
{{Medal|Gold|[[1964 Summer Olympics|1964 Tokyo]]|[[Gymnastics at the 1964 Summer Olympics|All-around]]}}
{{Medal|Gold|1964 Tokyo|[[Gymnastics at the 1964 Summer Olympics|Vault]]}}
{{Medal|Gold|1964 Tokyo|[[Gymnastics at the 1964 Summer Olympics|Balance beam]]}}
{{Medal|Gold|[[1968 Summer Olympics|1968 Mexico City]]|[[Gymnastics at the 1968 Summer Olympics – Women's artistic individual all-around|All-around]]}}
{{Medal|Gold|1968 Mexico City|[[Gymnastics at the 1968 Summer Olympics|Vault]]}}
{{Medal|Gold|1968 Mexico City|[[Gymnastics at the 1968 Summer Olympics|Uneven bars]]}}
{{Medal|Gold|1968 Mexico City|[[Gymnastics at the 1968 Summer Olympics|Floor exercise]]}}
{{Medal|Silver|[[1960 Summer Olympics|1960 Rome]]|[[Gymnastics at the 1960 Summer Olympics|Team]]}}
{{Medal|Silver|1964 Tokyo|[[Gymnastics at the 1964 Summer Olympics|Team]]}}
{{Medal|Silver|1968 Mexico City|[[Gymnastics at the 1968 Summer Olympics|Team]]}}
{{Medal|Silver|1968 Mexico City|[[Gymnastics at the 1968 Summer Olympics|Balance beam]]}}
{{Medal|Competition|[[World Artistic Gymnastics Championships|World Championships]]}}
{{Medal|Gold|[[1962 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships|1962 Prague]]|Vault}}
{{Medal|Gold|[[1966 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships|1966 Dortmund]]|All-around}}
{{Medal|Gold|1966 Dortmund|Team}}
{{Medal|Gold|1966 Dortmund|Vault}}
{{Medal|Silver|[[1958 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships|1958 Moscow]]|Team}}
{{Medal|Silver|1962 Prague|All-around}}
{{Medal|Silver|1962 Prague|Team}}
{{Medal|Silver|1966 Dortmund|Balance beam}}
{{Medal|Silver|1966 Dortmund|Floor exercise}}
{{Medal|Bronze|1962 Prague|Floor exercise}}
{{Medal|Competition|[[European Women's Artistic Gymnastics Championships|European Championships]]}}
{{Medal|Gold|[[1959 European Women's Artistic Gymnastics Championships|1959 Kraków]]|Balance beam}}
{{Medal|Gold|[[1965 European Women's Artistic Gymnastics Championships|1965 Sofia]]|All-around}}
{{Medal|Gold|1965 Sofia|Vault}}
{{Medal|Gold|1965 Sofia|Uneven bars}}
{{Medal|Gold|1965 Sofia|Floor exercise}}
{{Medal|Gold|1965 Sofia|Balance beam}}
{{Medal|Gold|[[1967 European Women's Artistic Gymnastics Championships|1967 Amsterdam]]|All-around}}
{{Medal|Gold|1967 Amsterdam|Vault}}
{{Medal|Gold|1967 Amsterdam|Uneven bars}}
{{Medal|Gold|1967 Amsterdam|Floor exercise}}
{{Medal|Gold|1967 Amsterdam|Balance beam}}
{{Medal|Silver|1959 Kraków|Vault}}
{{Medal|Bronze|[[1961 European Women's Artistic Gymnastics Championships|1961 Leipzig]]|All-around}}
}}

'''Věra Čáslavská''' ({{IPA|cs|ˈvjɛra ˈtʃaːslafskaː}}; 3 May 1942 – 30 August 2016) was a [[Czechoslovakia|Czechoslovak]] artistic [[gymnastics|gymnast]] and [[Czech Republic|Czech]] sports official. She won a total of 22 international titles between 1959 and 1968 including seven Olympic gold medals, four world titles and eleven European championships. Čáslavská is the most decorated Czech gymnast in history and is one of only three female gymnasts, along with the Soviet [[Larisa Latynina]] and American [[Simone Biles]], to win the all-around gold medal at two  Olympics.<ref name=greats /> She remains the only gymnast, male or female, to have won an Olympic gold medal in each individual event. She was also the first gymnast to achieve a [[Perfect 10 (gymnastics)|perfect 10]] at a major competition in the post-1952 era. She held the record for the most individual gold medals (with 7) among all female athletes (not only gymnasts) in Olympic history as well until it was surpassed by swimmer [[Katie Ledecky]] in 2024 after 56 years.

In addition to her gymnastics success, Čáslavská was known for her outspoken support of the Czechoslovak democratization movement and her opposition to the [[Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia|1968 Soviet-led invasion of Czechoslovakia]]. At the [[1968 Summer Olympics|1968 Olympics]] in [[Mexico City]], she took this protest to the world stage by quietly looking down and away while the Soviet national anthem was played during the medal ceremonies for the [[balance beam]] and [[floor exercise]] event finals. While Čáslavská's actions were applauded by her compatriots, they resulted in her becoming a ''[[persona non grata]]'' in the new regime. She was forced into retirement and for many years was denied the right to travel, work and attend sporting events.

Čáslavská's situation improved in the 1980s after the intervention of members of the [[International Olympic Committee]], and following the [[Velvet Revolution]] her status got better significantly. During the 1990s she held several positions of honor, including a term as president of the [[Czech Olympic Committee]].

==Gymnastics career==
[[File:Věra Čáslavská 1967.jpg|thumb|left|Čáslavská and the Czechoslovak team at the 1967 European Championships]]
Born in [[Prague]] and originally a [[figure skater]], Čáslavská debuted internationally in 1958 at the [[World Artistic Gymnastics Championships]], winning a silver medal in the team event. Her first international title came the following year at the [[European Women's Artistic Gymnastics Championships]] where she won gold on the [[vault (gymnastics)|vault]] and silver on the [[balance beam]]. She first participated in the 1960 [[Summer Olympic Games]], winning a silver medal with the Czechoslovak team, and then won bronze in the all around event at the 1961 European Championships. She fought for the all-around title at home in the 1962 World Championships, held off only by [[Larisa Latynina]], and managed to win her first world title, in the vault. She did not compete at the 1963 European Championships in Paris.<ref name=ig1 /><ref name=gymnforum />

Between 1964 and 1968, Čáslavská won 19 individual gold medals in major international competitions. In this period she remained undefeated in the all-around in major international competition. She is the only female gymnast ever to win every Olympic, World Championships and European Championships all-around title from one Olympiad to the next one. She was at her peak at the [[1964 Summer Olympics]] in Tokyo, winning the overall title and taking gold medals in the balance beam and the vault, in addition to another silver medal in the team event. At the 1966 World Championships, Čáslavská defended her vault title, winning a team gold – breaking the [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] monopoly in that event – and became all-around world champion. Čáslavská dominated the 1965 and 1967 European Championships, taking all five individual titles<ref name=ig1 /><ref name=gymnforum /> and scoring two [[Perfect 10 (gymnastics)|perfect scores of 10]] in 1967.<ref>{{cite book |last=Tatlow |first=Peter |title=Gymnastics: all the beauty and skills of this thrilling sport |year=1979 |publisher=Chartwell Books, Inc. |isbn=9780711100046 |page=143}}</ref> She is the only gymnast who has swept all five European individual golds twice.

Prior to the [[1968 Summer Olympics]] in Mexico City, Čáslavská lost her training facility due to the [[Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia|Soviet-led invasion of Czechoslovakia]]. Instead, she used potato sacks as weights and logs as beams whilst training in the forests of [[Hrubý Jeseník]] mountains in northern [[Moravia]].<ref name=olympic /> She was again dominant at the 1968 Summer Olympics, winning medals in all six events. She defended her all-around title and won additional gold medals on the [[floor (gymnastics)|floor]], [[uneven bars]] and vault, as well as two silvers, for the team competition and balance beam.<ref name=ig1 /><ref name=gymnforum /> She won the 1968 Olympic all-around title with the highest recorded score up to that time. Her win by 1.4 points has remained the largest margin of victory in Olympics, World, World Cup, or European Championships for women in an all-around competition for 48 years. It was finally surpassed in 2016, ten years after a major rule change (the 2006 implementation of open ended scoring). As of the [[2024 Summer Olympics|2024 Olympic Games in Paris]], she and [[Larisa Latynina]] are the only gymnasts to win the gold medal in individual all-around in consecutive Olympic games. She is also one of only two female gymnasts to defend gold medal in the vault apparatus. Her use of the "[[Jarabe tapatío]]" as the music for her floor routine and her subsequent marriage in the city made her immensely popular with the Mexican crowd.<ref name=olympic />

===Protest at the 1968 Olympics===
Čáslavská's wins at the 1968 Olympics were particularly poignant because of the political turmoil in Czechoslovakia. She had publicly voiced her strong opposition to Soviet-style Communism and the Soviet invasion, and had signed [[Ludvik Vaculik|Ludvik Vaculík]]'s protest manifesto "[[The Two Thousand Words|Two Thousand Words]]" in the spring of 1968. Consequently, to avoid being arrested, she left the training facility in the town of [[Šumperk]] with the help of Zdeněk Zerzáň, chief of Jeseníky [[Mountain_Rescue_Service_of_the_Czech_Republic|Mountain Rescue Service]]. She spent the weeks leading up to the Olympics hiding in a remote mountain hut at [[:cs:Vřesová studánka|Vřesová studánka]], and was only granted permission to travel to Mexico City at the last minute.<ref name=heroine /><ref name=birthday />

At the Olympics, where she once again faced Soviet opposition, Čáslavská continued to subtly voice her views. After she appeared to have won the gold medal on floor outright, the judging panel curiously upgraded the preliminary scores of Soviet [[Larisa Petrik]], and declared a tie for the gold instead. All of this occurred on the heels of another very controversial judging decision that cost Čáslavská the gold on beam, instead awarding the title to her Soviet rival [[Natalia Kuchinskaya]]. Clearly disheartened and angered by the politics that favored the USSR, she protested during both medal ceremonies by quietly turning her head down and away during the playing of the Soviet national anthem.<ref name=greats /><ref name=ighof /><ref name="bbc">{{cite web|title=Vera Caslavska and the forgotten story of her 1968 Olympics protest|work=BBC Sport|date=20 October 2018|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/olympics/45900544}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://defector.com/olga-kharlans-stand-had-history-behind-it|title=Olga Kharlan's Stand Had History Behind It|date=21 August 2023|website= Defector|author=Charles P. Pierce}}</ref>

==Later career==
Čáslavská was revered by Czech people for her brave demonstration on the world's biggest stage, and she was awarded [[Sportsperson of the Year (Czechoslovakia)|Czechoslovakia's Sportsperson of the Year]] award in 1968 (for the fourth and final time). Her federation, however, was none too pleased. For her consistent support of the Czechoslovak democratization movement (the [[Prague Spring]]) in 1968, and during the purges which followed the Soviet-led invasion in August 1968, she was deprived of the right to travel abroad and participate in public sport events both in Czechoslovakia and abroad. Čáslavská was effectively forced into retirement, and was considered a ''persona non grata'' for many years in her home country.<ref name=times />

Czechoslovak authorities refused to publish her autobiography, and insisted that it be heavily censored when it was released in Japan.<ref name=birthday /> She was granted leave to work as a coach in Mexico, but reportedly only when the Mexican government threatened to cease oil exports to Czechoslovakia.<ref name=times /><ref name=times2 /> After return from Mexico in the beginning of 1980s she shared an office with [[Emil Zátopek]] where the two former sport stars and present-day outcasts were given meaningless administrative roles. In the late 1980s, following pressure from [[Juan Antonio Samaranch]], the then president of the [[International Olympic Committee]], who had presented her with the [[Olympic Order]], Čáslavská was finally allowed to work as a gymnastics coach and judge in her home country.<ref name=greats /><ref name=times />

After the [[Velvet Revolution]] in November 1989 brought an end to communist government in Czechoslovakia, Čáslavská's status improved dramatically. She became [[Václav Havel|President Havel]]'s adviser on sports and social matters and Honorary President of the Czech-Japan Association.<ref name=times /> Later, after leaving the President's Office, she was elected President of the [[Czech Olympic Committee]].<ref name=heroine /><ref name=birthday /> In 1995, she was appointed to the IOC membership committee.<ref name=gymnforum />

==Eponymous skill==
Čáslavská has one eponymous skill listed in the [[Code of Points (gymnastics)|Code of Points]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Women’s Artistic Gymnastics – 2025-2028 Code of Points |url=https://www.gymnastics.sport/publicdir/rules/files/en_1.1%20-%20WAG%20COP%202025-2028.pdf |website=[[International Gymnastics Federation]] |date=22 April 2024 |access-date=12 January 2025}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Apparatus
!Name
!Description
!Difficulty{{efn|name=difficulty|Valid for the 2025-2028 Code of Points}}
|-
|Uneven bars || Čáslavská || From front support on high bar - swing backward with release and 1/1 turn (360°) to hang on high bar || C
|}
{{notelist}}

==Honours==
Čáslavská received numerous accolades for her contributions to the sport of gymnastics. In addition to the Olympic Order, she was awarded a 1989 [[Pierre de Coubertin]] International Fair Play Trophy by [[UNESCO]] and was noted at the ceremony for her "exemplary dignity".<ref name=unesco /> In 1995, she was honored with the Czech Republic's [[Medal of Merit (Czech Republic)|Medal of Merit]].<ref name=gymnforum /> She was inducted into the [[International Women's Sports Hall of Fame]] in 1991<ref name=women /> and the [[International Gymnastics Hall of Fame]] in 1998.<ref name=ighof /> In 2010, she was awarded the [[Order of the Rising Sun]], 3rd class. She was also presented a 17th-century [[katana]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://isport.blesk.cz/clanek/svet-hvezd/112055/legendarni-gymnastka-vera-caslavska-muj-mec-hlavy-nestinal.html |title=Legendární gymnastka Věra Čáslavská: Můj meč hlavy nestínal |language=cs |publisher=Isport |author=Martin Hašek |access-date=31 August 2016}}</ref> and a ceremonial [[kimono]] from the Japanese emperor.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nm.cz/Hlavni-strana/Exhibitions-HM/THE-IMPORTANT-PERSONS-OF-THE-CZECH-OLYMPISM.html?xSET=lang&xLANG=2 |title=The Important Persons of the Czech Olympism |publisher=National Museum |access-date=31 August 2016}}</ref>

In 2014, she was the joint recipient (with AP journalist Iva Drapalova) of the [[Hanno R. Ellenbogen Citizenship Award]], awarded annually by the [[Prague Society for International Cooperation]] and Global Panel Foundation, for outstanding civic courage.<ref name="PragueSociety" /><ref>{{cite web |title=Věra Čáslavská and Iva Drápalová receive HRE Citizenship Award |url=http://globalpanel.org/content/v%C4%9Bra-%C4%8D%C3%A1slavsk%C3%A1-and-iva-dr%C3%A1palov%C3%A1-receive-hre-citizenship-award |publisher=Global Panel Foundation |access-date=31 August 2016}}</ref>

An inner [[main belt]] [[asteroid]] (26986) Caslavska<ref name=asteroid /> is named for her.

==Personal life and death==
[[File:Věra Čáslavská and Josef Odložil marriage 1968.jpg|thumb|Čáslavská and Odložil getting married in Mexico City on 26 October 1968]]
[[File:Věra Čáslavská 2015.JPG|right|thumb|Čáslavská in 2015]]
Shortly before the end of the 1968 Olympics, Čáslavská married runner [[Josef Odložil]], who had been a silver medalist at the [[1964 Summer Olympics|1964 Olympics]] in [[Tokyo]]. The ceremony, which took place at the [[Mexico City Cathedral]], drew a crowd of thousands.<ref name=birthday /> They had a daughter, Radka, and a son, Martin.<ref name=greats /> The couple divorced in 1987.<ref name=espn08 /> In 1993, her son and ex-husband were involved in an altercation with Martin allegedly punching Josef; he fell to the floor and struck his head, leading to his death after 35 days. Čáslavská became severely depressed and apathetic and was rarely seen in public afterwards.<ref name="bbc" /> For a while she was treated at a psychiatric hospital where she even underwent [[Electroconvulsive therapy|electroshock]] treatment, before moved into nursing home. Čáslavská eventually overcame her depression (which she had been fighting for about 15 years), cancel all medication and returned to both social and sports lives, coaching younger gymnasts. After many years of seclusion, when she was barely seen except by her closest friends and family, she had seemed to be regaining her appetite for life. She was describing her new-found energy as “miraculous” and had recovered enough ''[[joie de vivre]]'' to delight Mexican spectators, as a guest at a gymnastics event in Acapulco, by demonstrating spontaneously that at 70 she could still do the splits.<ref name=themexicanopen />

Čáslavská was diagnosed with [[pancreatic cancer]] in 2015. Her health deteriorated significantly in the summer of 2016, to such an extent that she was taken to a hospital in Prague on 30 August, where she died at the age of 74.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-people-czech-caslavska-idUSKCN1160HY |title=Czech gymnast Caslavska, Olympic great and icon of anti-Soviet protests, dies at 74 |work=[[Reuters]] |date=31 August 2016 |access-date=31 August 2016}}</ref>

==Competition history==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:95%;"
|-
! align=center|Year
! align=center|Event
! style="width:30px;"|Team
! style="width:30px;"|AA
! style="width:30px;"|[[Gymnastics vault|VT]]
! style="width:30px;"|[[Gymnastics uneven bars|UB]]
! style="width:30px;"|[[Gymnastics balance beam|BB]]
! style="width:30px;"|[[Gymnastics floor|FX]]
|-
| rowspan="1" | '''1957''' || align=left | Junior Championships of the Republic || ||{{gold1}} || || || ||
|- 
| rowspan="2" | '''1958''' || align=left | CSSR Championships || ||{{silver2}} || || || ||
|-bgcolor=#CCCCFF
| align=left | [[1958 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships|World Championships]] ||{{silver2}} ||8 || || || ||
|-
| rowspan="2" | '''1959''' || align=left | CSSR Championships || ||{{bronze3}} ||{{gold1}} || {{silver2}} ||{{silver2}} ||{{silver2}}
|-bgcolor=#F5F6CE 
| align=left | [[1959 European Women's Artistic Gymnastics Championships|European Championships]] || ||8 ||{{silver2}} || || ||{{gold1}}
|-
| rowspan="3" | '''1960''' || align=left | CSSR Championships || ||{{silver2}} || || || ||
|- 
| align=left | CSSR Spartakiade || ||{{gold1}} || || || {{gold1}} ||{{gold1}}
|- style="background:#98fb98;"
| align=left | '''[[Gymnastics at the 1960 Summer Olympics|Olympic Games]]''' ||{{silver2}} ||8 || || || 6||
|-
| rowspan="3" | '''1961''' || align=left | CSSR Championships || ||{{gold1}} || {{gold1}}||{{gold1}} || ||
|- 
| align=left | CSSR-GDR Dual Meet ||{{gold1}} || 4||{{silver2}} || || ||{{bronze3}}
|-bgcolor=#F5F6CE
| align=left | [[1961 European Women's Artistic Gymnastics Championships|European Championships]] || ||{{bronze3}} ||6 ||5 || 6 ||{{bronze3}}
|-
| rowspan="4" | '''1962''' || align=left | CSSR Championships || ||{{gold1}} || {{gold1}}|| {{gold1}} || {{gold1}}||{{gold1}}
|- 
| align=left | CSSR-GDR-UKR Tri-Meet ||{{gold1}} ||{{gold1}} || || || ||
|-
| align=left | Tbilisi International || ||{{gold1}} || || || ||
|-bgcolor=#CCCCFF
| align=left | [[1962 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships|World Championships]] ||{{silver2}} ||{{silver2}} ||{{gold1}} ||5 || 5 ||{{bronze3}}
|-
| rowspan="1" | '''1963''' || align=left | JPN-CSSR Dual Meet ||{{gold1}} ||{{gold1}} || || || ||
|- 
| rowspan="4" | '''1964''' || align=left | CSSR Championships || ||{{gold1}} ||{{gold1}} || {{gold1}} || {{gold1}}||{{gold1}}
|- 
| align=left | CSSR-GDR Dual Meet || {{gold1}}|| {{gold1}}|| || || ||
|- style="background:#98fb98;"
| align=left | '''[[Gymnastics at the 1964 Summer Olympics|Olympic Games]]''' ||{{silver2}} ||{{gold1}} ||{{gold1}} || 5|| {{gold1}} ||6
|- 
| align=left | USA-CSSR Dual Meet ||{{gold1}} ||{{gold1}} || || || ||
|-
| rowspan="2" | '''1965''' || align=left | CSSR Spartakiade || ||{{gold1}} ||{{gold1}} || {{gold1}} || {{gold1}}||{{gold1}}
|-bgcolor=#F5F6CE 
| align=left | [[1965 European Women's Artistic Gymnastics Championships|European Championships]] || ||{{gold1}} ||{{gold1}} ||{{gold1}} || {{gold1}} ||{{gold1}}
|-
| rowspan="4" | '''1966''' || align=left | CSSR Championships || ||{{gold1}} || || || ||
|- 
| align=left | HUN-CSSR-GBR Tri-Meet || ||{{gold1}} ||{{gold1}} ||{{gold1}} || {{gold1}} ||{{gold1}}
|-
| align=left | FRG-CSSR Dual Meet ||{{gold1}} ||{{gold1}} || || || ||
|-bgcolor=#CCCCFF
| align=left | [[1966 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships|World Championships]] ||{{gold1}} ||{{gold1}} ||{{gold1}} ||4 || {{silver2}} ||{{silver2}}
|-
| rowspan="2" | '''1967''' || align=left | CSSR Championships || ||{{gold1}} ||{{gold1}} ||{{gold1}} || {{gold1}} ||{{gold1}}
|-bgcolor=#F5F6CE 
| align=left | [[1967 European Women's Artistic Gymnastics Championships|European Championships]] || ||{{gold1}} ||{{gold1}} ||{{gold1}} || {{gold1}} ||{{gold1}}
|-
| rowspan="2" | '''1968'''
| align=left | CSSR Championships || ||{{gold1}} ||{{gold1}} ||{{gold1}} || {{gold1}} ||{{gold1}}
|- style="background:#98fb98;"
| align=left | '''[[Gymnastics at the 1968 Summer Olympics|Olympic Games]]''' || {{silver2}} ||{{gold1}} ||{{gold1}} ||{{gold1}} || {{silver2}} ||{{gold1}}
|}
<ref name=gymnforum />

==See also==
* [[List of top Olympic gymnastics medalists]]
* [[List of top medalists at the World Artistic Gymnastics Championships]]

==References==
<!--See [[Wikipedia:Footnotes]] for an explanation of how to generate footnotes using the <ref(erences/)> tags-->
{{Reflist|30em|refs=

<ref name=birthday>{{cite news |url=http://www.radio.cz/en/article/27557 |title=Czechoslovak sports legend Vera Caslavska celebrates 60th birthday |publisher=Czech Radio International |date=3 May 2002 |first=Rob |last=Cameron |access-date=1 January 2008}}</ref>

<ref name=espn08>{{cite news |url=http://sports.espn.go.com/oly/summer08/fanguide/athlete?athlete=2125 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120525232459/http://sports.espn.go.com/oly/summer08/fanguide/athlete?athlete=2125 |url-status=dead |archive-date=25 May 2012 |title=Past Olympics Athletes >> Vera Caslavska |agency=[[Agence France-Presse]] |publisher=[[ESPN]] |year=2008}}</ref>

<ref name=greats>{{cite web |url=http://www.gymn.ca/gymnasticgreats/wag/caslavska.htm |title=Whatever happened to Vera Čáslavská? |publisher=Gymnastics Greats |year=1999 |access-date=13 January 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101111091147/http://www.gymn.ca/gymnasticgreats/wag/caslavska.htm |archive-date=11 November 2010 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>

<ref name=gymnforum>{{cite web |url=http://www.gymn-forum.net/bios/women/caslavska.html |title=Bio and list of competitive results at Gymn-Forum |publisher=Gymn Forum |access-date=13 January 2008}}</ref>

<ref name=heroine>{{cite web |url=http://www.olympic.org/uk/athletes/profiles/bio_uk.asp?PAR_I_ID=16525 |title=Vera Čáslavská: The heroine of Mexico |publisher=International Olympic Committee |access-date=13 January 2008 }}</ref>

<ref name=ighof>{{cite web |url=http://www.ighof.com/honorees/honorees_caslavska.html |title=Čáslavská's entry at the International Gymnastics Hall of Fame |publisher=International Gymnastics Hall of Fame |access-date=13 January 2008}}</ref>

<ref name=ig1>{{cite magazine |url=http://www.intlgymnast.com/events/2004/europeans/champions/caslavska.html |title=Vera Čáslavská |magazine=International Gymnast |year=2004 |access-date=1 July 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040508164234/http://www.intlgymnast.com/events/2004/europeans/champions/caslavska.html |archive-date=8 May 2004}}</ref>

<ref name=olympic>{{cite web |url=https://www.olympic.org/news/caslavska-reigns-supreme-again-with-four-gymnastics-golds |title=Čáslavská reigns supreme again with four gymnastics golds |publisher=International Olympic Committee |access-date=31 August 2016}}</ref>

<ref name=times>{{cite news |url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C0CE5DC163AF93AA35757C0A966958260&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=print |title=A Departure From the Past |newspaper=New York Times |date=9 April 1990 |first=Michael |last=Janofsky |access-date=1 January 2008}}</ref>

<ref name=times2>{{cite news |url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9E0CE0D7143EF931A3575BC0A964958260 |title=BARCELONA; For Czech Athletes, the Door to Future Games May Have 2 Entrances |newspaper=New York Times |date=2 August 1992 |first=Gerald |last=Eskenazi |access-date=1 January 2008}}</ref>

<ref name=unesco>{{cite web |url=http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0008/000893/089390Eo.pdf |title=Address by Mr. Federico Mayor |publisher=UNESCO |date=5 November 1990 |access-date=13 January 2008}}</ref>

<ref name=women>{{cite web |url=http://www.womenssportsfoundation.org/cgi-bin/iowa/about/awards/results.html?record=4 |title=List of Honorees, International Women's Sports Hall of Fame |publisher=International Women's Sports Hall of Fame |access-date=13 January 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071210050421/http://www.womenssportsfoundation.org/cgi-bin/iowa/about/awards/results.html?record=4 |archive-date=10 December 2007}}</ref>

<ref name=PragueSociety>{{cite web |url=http://praguesociety.org/content/hre-awards-history-winners-origin |title=Recipients of the Hanno R. Ellenbogen Citizenship Award |publisher=Prague Society |year=2014 |access-date=14 August 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140903124001/http://praguesociety.org/content/hre-awards-history-winners-origin |archive-date=3 September 2014 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref>

<ref name=themexicanopen>{{cite web |url=https://gymnasticscoolfactsblog.wordpress.com/2017/12/10/the-mexican-open-history-2011-2017/ |title=The Mexican Open History (2011 – 2017) |publisher=Gymnastics Cool Facts}}</ref>

<ref name=asteroid>{{cite web |url=https://www.spacereference.org/asteroid/26986-caslavska-1997-vc5 |title=Asteroid Caslavska |publisher=Space reference}}</ref>
}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* {{FIG|bio=18389|lic=670}}
* {{IGHOF}}
* {{Olympedia}}
* {{Olympics.com|vera-caslavska|org_archive=20210421041512}}
* {{ČOV profile|vera-caslavska}}

{{s-start}}
{{s-sports}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Jindřich Poledník]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=President of the [[Czech Olympic Committee]] | years=1990–1996}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Milan Jirásek (President of the Czech Olympic Committee)|Milan Jirásek]]}}
{{s-end}}

{{navboxes
|title = International championships for Věra Čáslavská
|list =
{{Footer olympic champions individual all-round women}}
{{Footer Olympic Champions – Artistic Gymnastics – Women's Vault}}
{{Footer Olympic Champions – Artistic Gymnastics – Women's Uneven Bars}}
{{Footer Olympic Champions – Artistic Gymnastics – Women's Balance Beam}}
{{Footer Olympic Champions – Artistic Gymnastics – Women's Floor Exercise}}
{{NavigationWorldChampionsArtisticGymnasticsWomenTC|1966}}
{{NavigationWorldChampionsArtisticGymnasticsWomenAA}}
{{NavigationWorldChampionsArtisticGymnasticsWomenVault}}
{{Footer European Artistic Gymnastics All-Around Champions (Women)}}
{{Footer European Artistic Gymnastics Vault Champions (Women)}}
{{Footer European Artistic Gymnastics Uneven Bars Champions (Women)}}
{{Footer European Artistic Gymnastics Balance Beam Champions (Women)}}
{{Footer European Artistic Gymnastics Floor Exercise Champions (Women)}}
}}
{{International Gymnastics Hall of Fame members}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Caslavska, Vera}}
[[Category:1942 births]]
[[Category:2016 deaths]]
[[Category:Czechoslovak female artistic gymnasts]]
[[Category:Gymnasts at the 1960 Summer Olympics]]
[[Category:Gymnasts at the 1964 Summer Olympics]]
[[Category:Gymnasts at the 1968 Summer Olympics]]
[[Category:Olympic gymnasts for Czechoslovakia]]
[[Category:Medalists at the 1960 Summer Olympics]]
[[Category:Medalists at the 1964 Summer Olympics]]
[[Category:Medalists at the 1968 Summer Olympics]]
[[Category:Olympic medalists in gymnastics]]
[[Category:Olympic gold medalists for Czechoslovakia]]
[[Category:Olympic silver medalists for Czechoslovakia]]
[[Category:World champion gymnasts]]
[[Category:European champions in gymnastics]]
[[Category:Medalists at the World Artistic Gymnastics Championships]]
[[Category:Czech International Olympic Committee members]]
[[Category:Recipients of Medal of Merit (Czech Republic)]]
[[Category:Czech sports executives and administrators]]
[[Category:Gymnasts from Prague]]
[[Category:Deaths from pancreatic cancer in the Czech Republic]]
[[Category:Originators of elements in artistic gymnastics]]