Editing University of Vienna

{{short description|Public university in Vienna, Austria}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2014}}
{{EngvarB|date=July 2022}}
{{Infobox university
 | name                   = University of Vienna
 | native_name            = {{lang|de|Universität Wien}}
 | image_name             = Seal of the University of Vienna.svg{{!}}class=skin-invert
 | image_size             = 167px
 | latin_name             = Universitas Vindobonensis<ref>{{Cite web |title=Search |url=https://archive.org/search?query=%22Universitas+Vindobonensis%22&sin=TXT |website=[[Internet Archive]]}}</ref>
 | former_name            = Alma Mater Rudolphina Vindobonensis
 | motto                  = 
 | mottoeng               = 
 | established            = {{start date and age|12 March 1365}}
 | type                   = [[Public University|Public]]
 | affiliation            = 
 | budget                 = €691.5 million (2021)<ref name="univie">{{cite web |url=https://www.univie.ac.at/fileadmin/user_upload/startseite/Dokumente/2022_Sept_UV_facts_2021_EN.pdf |title=Figures and Facts |access-date=12 February 2023 |work=University of Vienna |archive-date=13 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230213021830/https://www.univie.ac.at/fileadmin/user_upload/startseite/Dokumente/2022_Sept_UV_facts_2021_EN.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>
 | endowment              = 
 | head_label             = [[Rector (academia)#Austria|Rector]]
 | head                   = Sebastian Schütze
 | faculty                = 7,538<ref name="univie"/>
 | administrative_staff   = 3,043<ref name="univie"/>
 | total_staff            = 10,381
 | students               = 88,900 (2021)<ref name="univie"/>
 | postgrad               = 16,490
 | doctoral               = 8,945
 | other                  = 
 | location               = [[Main building (University of Vienna)|Vienna]], [[Austria]]
 | coor                   = {{coord|48|12|47|N|16|21|35|E|region:AT-9_type:edu|display=inline,title}}
 | campus                 = Urban
 | colors                 = Blue and white {{color box|#00008B}}{{color box|#FFFFFF}}
 | colours                = 
 | mascot                 = 
 | athletics              = 
 | affiliations           = {{hlist|[[European University Foundation - Campus Europae|Campus Europae]]|[[European University Association|EUA]]|[[Guild of European Research-Intensive Universities]]|[[Institutional Network of the Universities from the Capitals of Europe|UNICA]]}}
 | logo_size              = 245px
 | website                = {{URL|http://www.univie.ac.at/en|univie.ac.at}}
 | logo                   = University of Vienna wordmark.svg
}}

The '''University of Vienna''' ({{langx|de|Universität Wien}}, {{IPA|de-at|univɛrsiˈtɛːt ˈviːn|lang}}) is a [[public university|public]] [[research university]] in [[Vienna]], Austria. Founded by [[Rudolf IV, Duke of Austria|Duke Rudolph IV]] in 1365, it is the oldest university in the [[German-speaking world]] and among the largest institutions of higher learning in Europe.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web |title=University of Vienna {{!}} university, Vienna, Austria {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/University-of-Vienna |access-date=2023-05-31 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en |archive-date=6 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230806181545/https://www.britannica.com/topic/University-of-Vienna |url-status=live }}</ref> The university is associated with 17 [[List of Nobel laureates|Nobel Prize winners]] and has been the home to many scholars of historical and academic importance.

==History==
[[File:Opening Proclamation from University Authorities Prior to an Academic Term WDL4315.png|thumb|Opening proclamation prior to 1578 academic term]]

===Middle Ages to the Enlightenment===
The university was founded on March 12, 1365, by [[Rudolf IV, Duke of Austria]], hence the name "Alma Mater Rudolphina".<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=University of Vienna: 650 Years |url=https://www.austrianinformation.org/fall-2015/university-of-vienna-650-years |access-date=2022-05-11 |website=New Austrian |date=13 November 2015 |language=en-US |archive-date=11 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220711170631/https://www.austrianinformation.org/fall-2015/university-of-vienna-650-years |url-status=live }}</ref> After the [[Charles University]] in [[Prague]] (1347) and [[Jagiellonian University]] in [[Kraków]] (1364), the University of Vienna is the third oldest university in Central Europe and the oldest university in the contemporary German-speaking world; it remains a question of definition as the Charles University in Prague was German-speaking when founded, too. However, [[Pope Urban V]] did not ratify the deed of foundation that had been sanctioned by Rudolf IV, specifically in relation to the department of theology. This was presumably due to pressure exerted by [[Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor]], who wished to avoid competition for the [[Charles University in Prague]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Mühlberger |first=Kurt |date=2015-02-27 |title=The beginnings of the Alma Mater Rudolphina |language=en |work=650 plus |url=https://geschichte.univie.ac.at/en/topics/beginnings-alma-mater-rudolphina |access-date=2022-12-01 |archive-date=1 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221201184932/https://geschichte.univie.ac.at/en/topics/beginnings-alma-mater-rudolphina |url-status=live }}</ref>

The pope later granted an endowment to the university in 1365, while papal assent was finally received in 1384.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pope Urban V confirms the endowment of the University of Vienna, 18 June 1365 |url=https://www.habsburger.net/en/media/pope-urban-v-confirms-endowment-university-vienna-18-june-1365 |access-date=2023-02-19 |website=Die Welt der Habsburger |language=en |archive-date=23 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221023144110/https://www.habsburger.net/en/media/pope-urban-v-confirms-endowment-university-vienna-18-june-1365 |url-status=live }}</ref> This led to the University of Vienna and its Faculty of Catholic Theology being granted the status of a full university.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Pope Urban V confirms the endowment of the University of Vienna, 18 June 1365 |url=https://www.habsburger.net/en/media/pope-urban-v-confirms-endowment-university-vienna-18-june-1365 |access-date=2022-05-11 |website=Die Welt der Habsburger |language=en |archive-date=23 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221023144110/https://www.habsburger.net/en/media/pope-urban-v-confirms-endowment-university-vienna-18-june-1365 |url-status=live }}</ref> The first university building opened in 1385. It grew into the biggest university of the [[Holy Roman Empire]], and during the advent of [[Humanism]] in the mid-15th century was home to more than 6,000 students.<ref name=":3">{{Cite news |last=kniefacz |first=katharina |date=2015-02-27 |title=Renaissance humanism at the University of Vienna |language=en |work=650 plus |url=https://geschichte.univie.ac.at/en/topics/renaissance-humanism-university-vienna |access-date=2022-12-01 |archive-date=1 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221201184938/https://geschichte.univie.ac.at/en/topics/renaissance-humanism-university-vienna |url-status=live }}</ref>

In its early years, the university had a partly hierarchical, partly cooperative structure, in which the [[Rector (academia)|Rector]] was at the top, while the students had little say and were settled at the bottom. The [[Magister (degree)|Magister]] and [[Doctor (title)|Doctor]]s constituted the four faculties and elected the academic officials from amidst their ranks. The students, but also all other Supposita (university members), were divided into four [[Nation (university)|Academic Nation]]s. Their elected board members, mostly graduates themselves, had the right to elect the Rector. He presided over the Consistory which included procurators of each of the nations and the faculty deans, as well as over the University Assembly, in which all university teachers participated. Complaints or appeals against decisions of the faculty by the students had to be brought forward by a Magister or Doctor.<ref name=":3" />[[File:Arkadenhof der Universität Wien-2 1200.jpg|thumb|The courtyard (''Arkadenhof'') of the [[Main building (University of Vienna)|main building]], constructed between 1877 and 1884]]Being considered a Papal Institution, the university suffered a setback during the [[Reformation]]. In addition, epidemics, economic stagnation, and the first [[Siege of Vienna (1529)|Siege of Vienna]] by Ottoman forces had devastating effects on the city, leading to a sharp decline in enrollment. For Emperor [[Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor|Ferdinand I]], this meant that the university should be tied to the church to an even stronger degree, and in 1551 he installed the [[Jesuit Order]] there.<ref name=":0" /> As time went on, conflicts between the Jesuit school and the university arose. This led Emperor [[Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor|Ferdinand II]], in 1623, to pass a law that incorporated the Jesuit College into the university.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Maisel |first=Thomas |date=2015-02-27 |title=The Society of Jesus and the University of Vienna |language=en |work=650 plus |url=https://geschichte.univie.ac.at/en/topics/society-jesus-and-university-vienna |access-date=2022-05-11 |archive-date=23 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221023044346/https://geschichte.univie.ac.at/en/topics/society-jesus-and-university-vienna |url-status=live }}</ref> It was only in the mid-18th century that the Jesuits lost influence over the university and when Empress [[Maria Theresa]] ensured that the university went under the control of the monarchy. The university would later focus on the education of physicians and civil servants. Her successor [[Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor|Joseph II]] continued her reforms and further liberalized the university, abolishing official attire and allowing both Protestants and Jews to enroll by 1782, as well as introducing German as the compulsory language of instruction the year later.<ref name=":0" />

===Modern history===
[[File:Students riot at the University of Vienna after Nazi attempt to prevent Jews from entering the university.jpg|thumb|Students riot at the University of Vienna after a Nazi attempt to prevent Jews from entering the university ({{c.|1938}})]]
Significant changes were instituted in the wake of the [[Revolutions of 1848 in the Austrian Empire|Revolution in 1848]], with the Philosophical Faculty being upgraded into equal status as Theology, Law and Medicine. Led by the reforms of [[Leopold, Count von Thun und Hohenstein]], the university was able to achieve a larger degree of academic freedom.<ref name=":0" /> The current main building on the {{lang|de|[[Ringstraße]]}} was built between 1877 and 1884 by [[Heinrich von Ferstel]]. The previous main building was located close to the ''Stuben'' Gate (Stubentor) on Iganz Seipel Square, the current home of the old University Church (''Universitätskirche'') and the [[Austrian Academy of Sciences]] (''Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften''). Women were admitted as full students in 1897, although their studies were limited to Philosophy. The remaining departments gradually followed suit, although with considerable delay: Medicine in 1900, Law in 1919, [[Protestant]] Theology in 1923, and finally [[Roman Catholic Church|Roman Catholic]] Theology in 1946.<ref name=":5" /> Ten years after the admission of the first female students, [[Elise Richter]] became the first woman to receive ''[[habilitation]]'', becoming professor of [[Romance languages]] in 1907; she was also the first female distinguished professor.

In the late 1920s, the university was in steady turmoil because of anti-democratic and anti-Semitic activity by parts of the student body. Professor [[Moritz Schlick]] was killed by a former student while ascending the steps of the university for a class. His murderer was later released by the Nazi regime. Following the [[Anschluss]], the annexation of Austria into Greater Germany by the [[Nazi regime]], in 1938 the University of Vienna was reformed under political aspects, and a huge number of teachers and students were dismissed for political and "racial" reasons.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://gedenkbuch.univie.ac.at/index.php?L=2 |title=Memorial Book for the Victims of National Socialism at the University of Vienna in 1938 |access-date=26 July 2014 |work=University of Vienna |archive-date=1 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170701163511/http://gedenkbuch.univie.ac.at/index.php?L=2 |url-status=live }}</ref> In April 1945, the then 22-year-old Kurt Schubert, later acknowledged [[doyen]] of [[Judaic Studies]] at the University of Vienna, was permitted by the [[Allied-occupied Austria|Soviet occupation forces]] to open the university again for teaching, which is why he is regarded as the unofficial first rector in the post-war period. On 25 April 1945, however, the constitutional lawyer [[Ludwig Adamovich]] senior was elected as the official rector of the University of Vienna. 

A large degree of participation by students and university staff was realized in 1975, however, the University Reforms of 1993 and 2002 largely re-established the professors as the main decision-makers. However, also as part of the 2002 reform, the university, after more than 250 years of being largely under governmental control, finally regained its full legal capacity. The number of faculties and centers was increased to 18, and the whole of the medical faculty was separated into the new [[Medical University of Vienna]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-03-16 |title=MedUni Wien: Facts & Figures |url=http://www.meduniwien.ac.at/homepage/1/content/general-information/facts-figures/ |access-date=2022-12-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160316105128/http://www.meduniwien.ac.at/homepage/1/content/general-information/facts-figures/ |archive-date=16 March 2016 }}</ref>

==Campus==
[[File:Vienna Campus II.JPG|thumb|The campus]]
[[File:Wien - Universität (3).JPG|thumb|Main building]]
The University of Vienna does not have one single campus. Historically, the university started functioning from the First District near the Jesuit Church. Now, the academic facilities occupy more than sixty locations throughout the city of Vienna. The historical main building on the Ringstraße constitutes the university's center and is commonly referred to as "die Uni". Most other larger university facilities and lecture halls are located nearby in the area of Vienna's First and Ninth [[Districts of Vienna|District]]: the so-called new Lecture Hall Complex (Neues Institutgebäude, NIG), the lecture hall complex Althanstraße (UZA), the campus on the premises of the [[Vienna General Hospital#Old AKH|Historical General Hospital of Vienna]], the Faculty of Law (Juridicum) and others. The [[Botanical Garden of the University of Vienna]] is housed in the Third District, as are the Department of Biochemistry and related research centers.<ref name=":6">{{Cite web |title=University of Vienna locations |url=https://www.univie.ac.at/en/about-us/locations-maps/university-of-vienna-locations/ |access-date=2023-05-31 |website=www.univie.ac.at |language=en |archive-date=31 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230531193229/https://www.univie.ac.at/en/about-us/locations-maps/university-of-vienna-locations/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

Also worth mentioning is the [[Vienna Observatory]], which belongs to the university, and the Institute for University Sports (USI), which offers training and recreational possibilities to all students of the university. In addition, the University of Vienna maintains facilities outside of Vienna in the Austrian provinces of [[Lower Austria]], [[Upper Austria]], and [[Carinthia]]. These are mainly research and experimental departments for Biology, Astrophysics and Sports.<ref name=":6" />

== Library ==
[[File:Universität_Wien,_Großer_Lesesaal_-_Ausstellung_Wikiversity_2015-8795.jpg|thumb|The reading room in the university's main library]]
[[File:Universitatsbibliothek Wien Eingang grosser Lesesaal.jpg|thumb|Entrance to the large reading room]]
The University Library of the University of Vienna comprises the Main Library and the 50 departmental libraries at various university locations throughout [[Vienna]]. The library's primary responsibility is to the members of the university; however, the library's 350 staff members also provide access to the public. Use of the books in the reading halls is open to all persons without the need for identification, which is only required for checking out books. The library's website provides direct access to information such as electronic journals, online indices, and databases.<ref>{{Cite web |title=About Us – Vienna University Library |url=https://bibliothek.univie.ac.at/en/ueber_uns.html |access-date=2023-05-31 |website=bibliothek.univie.ac.at |language=en |archive-date=31 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230531193230/https://bibliothek.univie.ac.at/en/ueber_uns.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== History ===
Rudolf IV had already provided for a ''publica libraria'' in the Foundation Deed of 12 March 1365, where the valuable books bequeathed by deceased members of the university should be collected. Through many legacies, this collection was subsequently greatly increased and became the basis of the old ''Libreye'' that was accommodated in the same building as the student infirmary. In addition, there were libraries in the separate Faculties and in the Duke's College.
[[File:Festsaal Universität Wien.jpg|thumb|Main Ceremonial Chamber (''Festsaal'') in the Main Building]]
From the 17th century onwards, interest in the old library, with its manuscripts and incunabulae, went into decline and the modern library in the Jesuit College came to the fore. In 1756, the oldest university library was finally closed down and its books, 2,787 volumes, were incorporated into the Court Library, of which [[Gerard van Swieten]] was then director. After the dissolution of the Jesuit order (1773), the new "Academic Library" was created out of the book collections of the five Lower Austrian Colleges and many duplicates from the Court Library. This was opened on 13 May 1777, the birthday of Maria Theresa of Austria, in the building of the Academic College. Initially, the stock consisted of some 45,000 books, and during Emperor Joseph II's dissolution of the monasteries, this was soon considerably extended. In contrast to its antecedents, the new library was open to the general public. Between 1827 and 1829, it acquired the classicist extension (Postgasse 9) to the Academic College, in which it was to be accommodated until 1884. In this year, the main library, with some 300,000 books, moved to [[Heinrich von Ferstel]]'s new Main Building on the Ring, where stacks for some 500,000 volumes had already been prepared. With an annual growth of up to 30,000 volumes, the surplus space was soon filled. Book storage space had to be extended continuously. One hundred years later, the complete library, including departmental and subject libraries, comprised more than 4.3 million volumes. Today, Vienna's University Library is the largest collection of books in Austria, still facing problems of space. In addition to the Main Library, which alone has to cope with an annual growth of 40,000 volumes, it includes three Faculty Libraries, 32 Subject Libraries and 26 Departmental Libraries.<ref>{{cite web |title=An Historical Tour of the University of Vienna |url=http://www.univie.ac.at/archiv/tour/12.htm |access-date=26 July 2014 |work=The University Library |publisher=University of Vienna Archives |archive-date=19 November 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141119235947/http://www.univie.ac.at/archiv/tour/12.htm |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Statistics (2023) ===
* Book inventory: 7,782,104 (of which 2,936,580 belong to the Main Library)
* E-Journals: 155,072
* E-Books: 1,808,095
* Search queries in the online catalogue: 11.349.382
* Borrowings and renewals of books: 2,981,919
* Oldest book: Bible from the Dorothean monastery, 1392 ("Biblia manuscripta"; entry in the online catalogue: https://ubdata.univie.ac.at/AC16383568)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Facts and Figures – Vienna University Library |url=https://bibliothek.univie.ac.at/en/zahlen_und_daten.html |access-date=2024-04-18}}</ref>

==Organization==
[[File:Wien_Universität_Eingangsbereich.jpg|thumb|Exterior facade of the main building]]
The University of Vienna, like all universities and academies in Austria, once featured a system of democratic representation. Power in the university was divided equally among three groups: students (the largest group), junior faculty, and full professors. All groups had the right to send representatives to boards, who then voted on almost every issue. From 2002 on, the government of Austria, headed by [[Chancellor of Austria|chancellor]] [[Wolfgang Schüssel]], reformed the university system, transforming the institutions into legal entities, but also concentrating power in the hands of the full professors.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.zeit.de/2002/19/200219_b-oesterreich_xml |title=Die Reform des Grauens |access-date=26 July 2014 |work=[[Die Zeit]] |archive-date=29 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170829001733/http://www.zeit.de/2002/19/200219_b-oesterreich_xml |url-status=dead }}</ref> The reform also introduced a board of governors and tuition fees. In 2013, those amounted to about €381 per semester for students from Austria, the [[European Union]] as well as some non-EU countries, while students from developed non-EU countries usually pay double that amount. The reforms also separated the medical departments into separate medical schools, such as the [[Medical University of Vienna]].

===Programmes===
[[File:Juridicum Sept2007.jpg|thumb|Faculty of Law]]
Students at the university can select from 181 degree programs: 55 [[Bachelor's degree|bachelor programs]], 110 [[Master's degree|master programs]], 3 [[Diploma|diploma programs]], and 13 [[Doctorate|doctoral programmes]]. In the academic year 2013/14, the university awarded 7,745 first degrees (Bachelors and [[Diplom]]as), 1,424 Master's degrees, and 568 Doctoral degrees. The university offers a number of Master's programs in English, including quantitative economics, management and finance, science-technology-society, environmental sciences, Middle European interdisciplinary master programme in cognitive science, European master in health and physical activity, English language and linguistics, Anglophone literature and culture, East Asian economy and society, economics, botany, ecology and ecosystems, molecular biology, microbial ecology and immunobiology, European master in urban studies, masters in European and international business law, mathematics, etc.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Degree programmes |url=https://studieren.univie.ac.at/en/degree-programmes/ |access-date=2023-05-31 |website=studieren.univie.ac.at |language=en |archive-date=31 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230531193225/https://studieren.univie.ac.at/en/degree-programmes/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
[[File:Oskar-Morgenstern-Platz 1 Dodekaederstern Fahnen Inst Mathematik DSC 9834w.jpg|thumb|Faculty of Mathematics]]
Some 6,900 scholars undertake research and teaching activities at the university. Of these, approximately 1,000 engage actively in projects financed by third parties. The main fields of research at the university cover a wide spectrum of subjects: Catholic and Protestant theology, law, economic sciences and computer science, philological-cultural studies and historical-cultural studies, social sciences and psychology, life sciences and natural sciences, mathematics, sports sciences, and teacher education.

===Faculties and centres===
The University of Vienna consists of 15 faculties and 5 centers:<ref>{{Cite web |title=Faculties & centres |url=https://www.univie.ac.at/en/about-us/governance-structure/faculties-centres/ |access-date=2023-05-31 |website=www.univie.ac.at |language=en |archive-date=31 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230531193226/https://www.univie.ac.at/en/about-us/governance-structure/faculties-centres/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
# Faculty of [[Roman Catholic Church|Catholic Theology]]
# Faculty of [[Protestantism|Protestant Theology]]
# Faculty of Law
# Faculty of Business, Economics and Statistics (not to be confused with the [[Vienna University of Economics and Business]])
# Faculty of [[Computer science]]
# Faculty of [[History|Historical and Cultural Studies]]
# Faculty of [[Philology|Philological and Cultural Studies]]
# Faculty of Philosophy and Education
# Faculty of [[Psychology]]
# Faculty of [[Social sciences]]
# Faculty of [[Mathematics]]
# Faculty of [[Physics]]
# Faculty of [[Chemistry]]
# Faculty of [[Earth Sciences]], [[Geography]] and [[Astronomy]]
# Faculty of [[Life sciences]]

# Centre for [[Translation studies]]
# Centre for [[Sport science]] and University Sports
# Centre for [[Molecular biology]]
# Centre for [[Microbiology]] and Environmental Systems Science
# Centre for [[Teacher Education]]

==Academic reputation==

{{Infobox university rankings
| ARWU_W = 101-150 | ARWU_W_year = 2024 | ARWU_W_ref = <ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.shanghairanking.com/institution/university-of-vienna | title=ShanghaiRanking-Univiersities | access-date=2 April 2024 | archive-date=14 October 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221014190318/https://www.shanghairanking.com/institution/university-of-vienna | url-status=live }}</ref>
| QS_W = 130 | QS_W_year = 2024 | QS_W_ref = <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.topuniversities.com/university-rankings/world-university-rankings/2024|title=QS World University Rankings 2024|access-date=11 Jul 2023|archive-date=17 September 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120917171555/http://www.topuniversities.com/institution/universitat-autonoma-de-barcelona|url-status=live}}</ref>
| THE_W = 119 | THE_W_year = 2024 | THE_W_ref = <ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.timeshighereducation.com/world-university-rankings/university-vienna | title=University of Vienna | access-date=2 April 2024 | archive-date=24 November 2022 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221124005259/https://www.timeshighereducation.com/world-university-rankings/university-vienna | url-status=live }}</ref>
| USNWR_W = 208 | USNWR_W_year = 2024 | USNWR_W_ref = <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.usnews.com/education/best-global-universities/university-of-vienna-505908 |title=U.S. News Education: Best Global Universities 2024 |access-date=2 April 2024 |archive-date=7 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220707133909/https://www.usnews.com/education/best-global-universities/university-of-vienna-505908 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|USNWR_N=2|USNWR_N_ref=<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.usnews.com/education/best-global-universities/austria|title=Best Global Universities in Austria|website=www.usnews.com|access-date=15 February 2023|archive-date=27 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221227123020/https://www.usnews.com/education/best-global-universities/austria|url-status=live}}</ref>|USNWR_N_year=2023}}

The University of Vienna has the highest ranking in [[Mathematics]] and in [[Arts]] and [[Humanities]]. In Mathematics it is placed 31st in the world according to the [[Academic Ranking of World Universities|Shanghai-Ranking]]. In Arts and Humanities it is placed 35th and 54th in the world according to the [[Times Higher Education|THE]] and [[QS World University Rankings|QS ranking]] respectively. Outstanding subjects include [[Geography]] (ranked 28th globally in 2013), [[Linguistics]] and [[Philosophy]] (both 46th globally) and [[Law]] (ranked 73rd globally). It is rated high in academic reputation and number of international students, but low in terms of faculty-to-student ratio and citations per faculty.<ref name=":2">{{cite magazine|url=http://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/world-university-rankings/2013-14/subject-ranking/subject/arts-and-humanities|title=Top 100 universities for Arts and Humanities 2013–14|access-date=26 July 2014|magazine=Times Higher Education|archive-date=18 April 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150418012559/http://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/world-university-rankings/2013-14/subject-ranking/subject/arts-and-humanities|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.topuniversities.com/node/9162/ranking-details/world-university-rankings/2013|title=University of Vienna Rankings|access-date=26 July 2014|publisher=QS World University Rankings|archive-date=25 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201125193646/https://www.topuniversities.com/node/9162/ranking-details/world-university-rankings/2013|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{cite web|url=http://www.topuniversities.com/node/9162/ranking-details/university-subject-rankings/2013|title=University of Vienna Subject Rankings|access-date=26 July 2014|publisher=QS World University Rankings|archive-date=14 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170714183006/https://www.topuniversities.com/node/9162/ranking-details/university-subject-rankings/2013|url-status=live}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable floatright" style="width: 22em;"
|+[[QS World University Rankings]] by Subject (2024)<ref>{{Cite web |title=University of Vienna |url=https://www.topuniversities.com/universities/university-vienna |access-date=2024-05-12 |website=Top Universities |language=en}}</ref>
|-
|Communication & Media Studies
|10
|-
|Theology
|21
|-
|History
|33
|-
|Archaeology
|35
|-
|Classics & Ancient History
|40
|-
|Anthropology
|43
|-
|Linguistics
|46
|-
|Philosophy
|49
|-
|Sociology
|55
|-
|Arts & Humanities
|58
|-
|Modern Languages
|62
|-
|Psychology
|77
|-
|English Language & Literature
|86
|-
|Earth & Marine Sciences
|51-100
|-
|Geology
|51-100
|-
|Geography
|51-100
|-
|Geophysics
|51-100
|-
|Politics
|51-100
|-
|Statistics & Operational Research
|51-100
|-
|Biological Sciences
|96
|-
|Law & Legal Studies
|97
|-
|Mathematics
|97
|-
|Agriculture & Forestry
|98
|-
|Natural Sciences
|111
|-
|}
An overview of the [[QS World University Rankings]] by subjects:<ref name=":4">{{cite web|url = https://www.topuniversities.com/universities/university-vienna|publisher = QS Quacquarelli Symonds Limited|date = 2017|title = University of Vienna|website = Top Universities|access-date = 19 March 2017|archive-date = 14 October 2022|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20221014182323/https://www.topuniversities.com/universities/university-vienna|url-status = live}}</ref>

{| class=wikitable
|-
!rowspan=2| Subjects !! colspan="4" | World Ranking by Years
|-
! 2019<ref name=":4" />
!2020<ref>{{Cite web |title=Subject Rankings 2020 |url=https://www.topuniversities.com/subject-rankings/2020 |access-date=2022-12-29 |website=Top Universities |language=en |archive-date=29 March 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150329221134/http://www.topuniversities.com/subject-rankings |url-status=live }}</ref>!! 2021<ref>{{Cite web |title=QS World University Rankings by Subject 2021 |url=https://www.topuniversities.com/subject-rankings/2021 |access-date=2022-12-12 |website=Top Universities |language=en |archive-date=4 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180304081557/https://www.topuniversities.com/subject-rankings/2018 |url-status=live }}</ref>!! 2022<ref>{{Cite web |title=QS World University Rankings by Subject 2022 |url=https://www.topuniversities.com/subject-rankings/2022 |access-date=2022-12-12 |website=Top Universities |language=en |archive-date=26 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221026155514/https://www.topuniversities.com/subject-rankings/2022 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| Arts & Humanities || 70 
|58|| 47 || 43 
|-
|Classics & Ancient History
|16
|25
|32
|30
|-
|Archaeology
|37
|37
|46
|35
|-
|Politics
|101–150
|101–150
|51–100
|51–100
|-
|Theology
|51–100
|51–100
|29
|30
|-
|Philosophy
|51–100
|51–100
|51–100
|51–100
|-
|History
|51–100
|51–100
|51–100
|49
|-
|Sociology
|51–100
|51–100
|74
|59
|-
|Anthropology
|51–100
|48
|49
|46
|-
|Earth & Marine Sciences
|51–100
|51–100
|101–150
|101–150
|-
|Communication & Media Studies
|35
|30
|24
|19
|-
|Linguistics
|51–100
|33
|30
|35
|-
|Modern Languages
|51–100
|51–100
|67
|68
|}

The [[Times Higher Education World University Rankings]] by subjects:<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.timeshighereducation.com/world-university-rankings/university-of-vienna#ranking-dataset/595516 |title=University of Vienna |work=The Times Higher Education |date=2017 |access-date=March 18, 2017 |archive-date=20 March 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170320053012/https://www.timeshighereducation.com/world-university-rankings/university-of-vienna#ranking-dataset/595516 |url-status=live }}</ref>

{| class=wikitable
|-
!rowspan=2| Year !! colspan="4" | World Ranking
|-
! Arts & Humanities !! Business & Economics !! Life Sciences
|-
| 2019 || 30 || 83 ||95
|}

The [[Academic Ranking of World Universities|Shanghai-Ranking]] in Mathematics:<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.shanghairanking.com/rankings/gras/2024/RS0101 |title=Academic Ranking of World Universities, Mathematics |date=2024 |access-date=December 7, 2024 |archive-date=2 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220802085747/http://www.shanghairanking.com/rankings/gras/2022/RS0101 |url-status=live }}</ref>

{| class=wikitable
|-
!rowspan=2|  !! colspan="4" | World Ranking 
|-
! 2020 !! 2021 !! 2022 || 2023 || 2024
|-
| Mathematics || 36 || 33 ||29 || 34 || 31
|}

== Notable people ==

=== Faculty and scholars ===
[[File:Arkadenhof_der_Universität_Wien_1206.jpg|thumb|[[Arcade (architecture)|Arcades]] in the courtyard of the main building]]
Nobel Prize Laureates who taught at the University of Vienna include [[Robert Bárány]], [[Julius Wagner-Jauregg]], [[Hans Fischer]], [[Karl Landsteiner]], [[Erwin Schrödinger]], [[Victor Franz Hess]], [[Otto Loewi]], [[Konrad Lorenz]] and [[Friedrich Hayek]].<ref name=":0" />

The University of Vienna was the cradle of the [[Austrian School]] of economics. The founders of this school who studied and later instructed at the University of Vienna included [[Carl Menger]], [[Eugen von Böhm-Bawerk]], [[Friedrich von Wieser]], [[Joseph Schumpeter]], [[Ludwig von Mises]] and [[Friedrich Hayek]].

Other famous scholars who have taught at the University of Vienna are: [[Theodor W. Adorno]], [[Alexander Van der Bellen]], [[Manfred Bietak]], [[Theodor Billroth]], [[Ludwig Boltzmann]], [[Ulrich Brand]], [[Franz Brentano]], [[Anton Bruckner]], [[Rudolf Carnap]], [[Conrad Celtes]], [[Adrian Constantin]], [[Viktor Frankl]], [[Sigmund Freud]], [[Karl Samuel Grünhut]], [[Eduard Hanslick]], [[Edmund Hauler]], [[Jalile Jalil]], [[Leon Kellner]], [[Hans Kelsen]], [[Adam František Kollár]], [[Johann Josef Loschmidt]], [[Franz Miklosich]], [[Oskar Morgenstern]], [[Otto Neurath]], [[Johann Palisa]], [[Pope Pius II]], [[Karl Popper]], [[Elise Richter]], [[Baron Carl von Rokitansky]], [[Rudolf von Scherer]], [[Peter Schuster]], [[August Schleicher]], [[Moritz Schlick]], [[Ludwig Karl Schmarda]], [[Joseph von Sonnenfels]], [[Joseph Stefan|Josef Stefan]], [[Olga Taussky-Todd]], [[Hans Thirring]], [[Walter Thirring]], [[Walter G. Url]], [[Leopold Vietoris]], [[Carl Auer von Welsbach]], and [[Wilhelm Winkler]].

=== Nobel laureates ===
[[File:Universität_Wien_-_Vestibül_großer_Festsaal_Stiegenhaus-2181.jpg|thumb|The grand staircase (''Feststiege'') in the Main Building]]
There are total 17 [[Nobel Prize Laureate]]s affiliated to the university as follows:

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Name !! Field In !! Year
|-
| [[Robert Bárány]]|| Physiology or Medicine || 1914
|-
| [[Richard Adolf Zsigmondy]] || Chemistry || 1925
|-
| [[Julius Wagner-Jauregg]] || Physiology or Medicine || 1927
|-
| [[Hans Fischer]] || Chemistry || 1930
|-
| [[Karl Landsteiner]] || Physiology or Medicine || 1930
|-
| [[Erwin Schrödinger]] || Physics || 1933
|-
| [[Otto Loewi]] || Physiology or Medicine || 1936
|-
| [[Victor Francis Hess]] || Physics || 1936
|-
| [[Richard Kuhn]]|| Chemistry || 1938
|-
| [[Max Perutz]] || Chemistry || 1962
|-
| [[Karl von Frisch]] || Physiology or Medicine || 1973
|-
| [[Konrad Lorenz]] || Physiology or Medicine || 1973
|-
| [[Friedrich Hayek]] || Economics || 1974
|-
| [[Elias Canetti]] || Literature || 1981
|-
| [[Elfriede Jelinek]] || Literature || 2004
|-
| [[Emmanuelle Charpentier]] || Chemistry || 2020
|-
| [[Anton Zeilinger]] || Physics || 2022
|}

===Alumni===
Some of the university's better-known students include: [[Kurt Adler]], [[Franz Alt (mathematician)|Franz Alt]], [[Wilhelm Altar]], [[Maria Anwander]], [[Napoleon Baniewicz]], [[Bruno Bettelheim]], [[Rudolf Bing]], [[Lucian Blaga]], [[Hedda Bolgar]], [[Michael Brainin]], [[Josef Breuer]], [[F. F. Bruce]], [[Elias Canetti]], [[Ivan Cankar]], [[Otto Maria Carpeaux]], [[Friedrich Cerha]], [[Felix Ehrenhaft]], [[Olga Ehrenhaft-Steindler]], [[Mihai Eminescu]], [[Stephen Ferguson]], [[Paul Feyerabend]], [[Heinz Fischer]], [[O. W. Fischer]], [[Ivan Franko]], [[Sigmund Freud]], [[Adolf Albrecht Friedländer]], [[Alcide De Gasperi]], [[Hilda Geiringer]], [[Kurt Gödel]], [[Ernst Gombrich]], [[Franz Grillparzer]], [[Karina Grömer]], [[Werner Gruber]], [[Karl Samuel Grünhut]], [[Pamela Gutman]], [[Hans Hahn (mathematician)|Hans Hahn]], [[Jörg Haider]], [[Friedrich Hayek]], [[Leo-Ferdinand Henckel von Donnersmarck]], [[Theodor Herzl]], [[Anneliese Hitzenberger]], [[Hugo von Hofmannsthal]], [[Edmund Husserl]], [[Marie Jahoda]], [[Max Jammer]], [[Elfriede Jelinek]], [[Percy Julian]], [[Karl Kautsky]], [[Elisabeth Kehrer]], [[Leon Kellner]], [[Hans Kelsen]], [[Hryhoriy Khomyshyn]], [[Jan Kickert]], [[Rudolf Kirchschläger]], [[Arthur Koestler]], [[Jernej Kopitar]], [[Karl Kordesch]], [[Arnold Krammer]], [[Karl Kraus (writer)|Karl Kraus]], [[Bruno Kreisky]], [[Richard Kuhn]], [[Hermann Feodor Kvergić|Hermann F. Kvergić]], [[Paul Lazarsfeld]], [[Ignacy Łukasiewicz]], [[Gustav Mahler]], [[Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk]], [[Lise Meitner]], [[Gregor Mendel]], [[Karl Menger]], [[Franz Mesmer]], [[Egon Orowan]], [[Franz Miklosich]], [[Alois Mock]], [[Wolf-Dieter Montag]], [[Matija Murko]], [[Paul Niel]], [[Joachim Oppenheim]], [[Eduard Pernkopf]], [[Anton Piëch]], [[Ioan Nicolidi of Pindus]], [[Pope Pius III]], [[Hans Popper]], [[Karl Popper]], [[Otto Preminger]], [[Wilhelm Reich]], [[Peter Safar]], [[Monika Salzer]], [[Mordecai Sandberg]], [[Mordkhe Schaechter]], [[Karl Schenkl]], [[Max Schloessinger]], [[Marianne Schmidl]], [[Andreas Schnider]], [[Arthur Schnitzler]], [[Albin Schram]], [[Joseph Schumpeter]], [[Wolfgang Schüssel]], [[Peter Schuster]], [[John J. Shea, Jr.]], [[Mihalj Šilobod Bolšić]], [[Maria Simon (sociologist)|Maria Simon]], [[Felix Somary]], [[Marian Smoluchowski]], [[Adalbert Stifter]], [[Countess Stoeffel]], [[Yemima Tchernovitz-Avidar]], [[Eric Voegelin]], [[Kurt Waldheim]], [[Calvin Eduoard Ward|Calvin Edouard Ward]], [[Otto Weininger]], [[Slavko Wolf]], [[Eduard Zirm]], [[Stefan Zweig]], and [[Huldrych Zwingli]].<gallery class="center">
File:Zwingli Hans Asper.jpeg|[[Huldrych Zwingli]]
File:Gregor Mendel 2.jpg|[[Gregor Mendel]]
File:Sigmund Freud, by Max Halberstadt (cropped).jpg|[[Sigmund Freud]]
File:Hans Kelsen (cropped).jpg|[[Hans Kelsen]]
File:Photo of Gustav Mahler by Moritz Nähr 01.jpg|[[Gustav Mahler]]
File:Erwin Schrödinger - Narodowe Archiwum Cyfrowe (1-E-939).jpg|[[Erwin Schrödinger]]
File:Friedrich Hayek portrait.jpg|[[Friedrich Hayek]]
</gallery>

== See also ==
* [[Education in Austria]]
* [[Klimt University of Vienna Ceiling Paintings]]
* [[Institute Vienna Circle]]
* [[List of medieval universities]]
* [[Ludwig Boltzmann Institut für Menschenrechte]]
* [[Roman Sebastian Zängerle]]
* [[Vienna Observatory]]
* [[Francis Stephen Award]]
* [[List of Jesuit sites]]

== Notes and references ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|University of Vienna}}
* {{Official website}} {{in lang|de}}

{{Universities and colleges in Austria |state=autocollapse}}
{{UNICA |state=autocollapse}}
{{Guild of European Research-Intensive Universities}}
{{Danube Rectors Conference}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Vienna, University Of}}
[[Category:University of Vienna| ]]
[[Category:1360s establishments in the Holy Roman Empire]]
[[Category:1365 establishments in Europe]]
[[Category:14th century in Austria]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in the 14th century]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Vienna]]
[[Category:Universities and colleges in Vienna]]