Editing Union, Connecticut

{{distinguish|text = Union City, a neighborhood in [[Naugatuck, Connecticut]].}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=April 2024}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name                     = Union, Connecticut
| official_name            = Town of Union
| settlement_type          = [[New England town|Town]]
| image_skyline            = UnionCT TownGreen.jpg
| image_caption            = The [[Union Green Historic District|town green]]
| image_seal               = UnionCTSeal.png
| image_map                = {{switcher|[[File:Tolland County Connecticut Incorporated and Unincorporated areas Union Highlighted 2010.svg|250px|frameless|alt=Union's location within Tolland County and Connecticut]]|&nbsp;[[Tolland County, Connecticut|Tolland County]] and Connecticut|[[File:Northeastern Connecticut incorporated and unincorporated areas Union highlighted.svg|250px|frameless|alt=Union's location within the Northeastern Connecticut Planning Region and the state of Connecticut]]|&nbsp;[[Northeastern Connecticut Planning Region, Connecticut|Northeastern Connecticut Planning Region]] and Connecticut|default=1}}
| image_map1               = {{maplink|frame=yes|plain=yes|frame-align=center|frame-width=280|frame-height=200|frame-coord=SWITCH:{{coord|qid=Q2446133}}###{{coord|qid=Q779}}###{{coord|41|59|17|N|72|09|41|W}}|zoom=SWITCH:10;6;3|type=SWITCH:shape-inverse;point;point|marker=city|stroke-width=2|stroke-color=#000000|id2=SWITCH:Q2446133;Q779;Q30|type2=shape|fill2=#ffffff|fill-opacity2=SWITCH:0;0.1;0.1|stroke-width2=2|stroke-color2=#808080|stroke-opacity2=SWITCH:0;1;1|switch=Union;Connecticut;the United States}}
| coordinates              = {{coord|41|59|17|N|72|09|41|W|region:US-CT|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type         = Country
| subdivision_name         = {{flag|United States}}
| subdivision_type1        = [[U.S. state]]
| subdivision_name1        = {{flag|Connecticut}}
| subdivision_type2        = [[County (United States)|County]]
| subdivision_name2        = [[Tolland County, Connecticut|Tolland]]
| subdivision_type3        = [[Councils of governments in Connecticut|Region]]
| subdivision_name3        = [[Northeastern Connecticut Planning Region, Connecticut|Northeastern CT]]
| established_title        = Incorporated
| established_date         = 1734
| government_type          = [[Board of selectmen|Selectman-town meeting]]
| leader_title             = First selectman
| leader_name              = David D. Eaton (R)
| leader_title1            = Selectman
| leader_name1             = Mary Huda (R)
| unit_pref                = Imperial
| area_total_km2           = 77.2
| area_total_sq_mi         = 29.8
| area_land_km2            = 74.3
| area_land_sq_mi          = 28.7
| area_water_km2           = 2.9
| area_water_sq_mi         = 1.1
| elevation_m              = 299
| elevation_ft             = 981
| population_total         = 785
| population_as_of         = [[2020 United States census|2020]]
| population_density_km2   = 10.6
| population_density_sq_mi = 
| postal_code_type         = ZIP code
| postal_code              = 06076 (Stafford Springs) and 06242 (Eastford)
| area_code                = [[Area codes 860 and 959|860/959]]
| website                  = {{URL|http://www.unionconnecticut.org}}
| footnotes                =
| leader_title2            = Selectman
| leader_name2             = David Heck (D)
| leader_title3            = [[Connecticut Senate|State Senator]]
| leader_name3             = Dan Champaigne<br />([[Republican Party (United States)|R]]-35th District)
| leader_title4            = [[Connecticut House of Representatives|State Rep.]]
| leader_name4             = [[Pat Boyd]]<br />([[Democratic Party (United States)|D]]-50th District) 
| timezone                 = [[Eastern Standard Time Zone|Eastern]]
| utc_offset               = &minus;5
| timezone_DST             = [[Eastern Standard Time Zone|Eastern]]
| utc_offset_DST           = &minus;4
| blank_name               = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]]
| blank_info               = 09-77830
| blank1_name              = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID
| blank1_info              = 0213519
}}

'''Union''' is a [[New England town|town]] located in the northeastern part of [[Tolland County, Connecticut|Tolland County]], [[Connecticut]], United States and is part of the [[Northeastern Connecticut Planning Region, Connecticut|Northeastern Connecticut Planning Region]] and [[Last Green Valley National Heritage Corridor]]. The population was 785 at the [[2020 United States census|2020 census]], making it the least populous town and municipality in Connecticut.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/profile?g=0600000US0901377830|title=Census - Geography Profile: Union town, Tolland County, Connecticut|access-date=December 22, 2021}}</ref> Union includes the village of '''Mashapaug''' located in the Eastern Uplands at the [[Massachusetts]] state line. Union is located {{convert|33|mi|abbr=off|sp=us}} northeast of the state capital, [[Hartford, Connecticut|Hartford]] and {{convert|67|mi|abbr=on}} southwest of [[Boston]], as well as {{convert|153|mi|abbr=on}} northeast of [[New York City]].

==History==
The first [[European colonization of the Americas|European Settlement]] in Union was in 1727, making Union the last Connecticut town east of the [[Connecticut River]] to be settled. The first settler was James McNall of Ireland.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://mentalfloss.com/article/502234/smallest-town-each-50-states | title=The Smallest Town in Each of the 50 States | work=Mental Floss | date=August 25, 2017 | access-date=June 25, 2018 | author=Rivero, Nicolas}}</ref> He was closely followed by his brother William.<ref>Charles Hammond and Harvey Merrill Lawson (1893) [https://archive.org/details/historyofunionco01hamm The History of Union, Conn], Price, Lee, & Adkins Co., New Haven, Connecticut. Pages 36 and 43.</ref> The town was incorporated in October 1734.<ref>Charles Hammond and Harvey Merrill Lawson (1893) [https://archive.org/details/historyofunionco01hamm The History of Union, Conn], Price, Lee, & Adkins Co., New Haven, Connecticut. Pages 48-50.</ref> The name Union designates "union of lands".<ref>{{cite book|title=The Connecticut Magazine: An Illustrated Monthly|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qoEyAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA335|year=1903|publisher=Connecticut Magazine Company|page=335}}</ref>

Union was first a town in [[Windham County, Connecticut|Windham County]]. It became a town in Tolland County upon its formation from part of Windham County on October 13, 1785.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://historical-county.newberry.org/website/Connecticut/documents/CT_Individual_County_Chronologies.htm#WINDHAM|title= Windham County Chronology|access-date= January 7, 2013|url-status= dead|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131110043227/http://historical-county.newberry.org/website/Connecticut/documents/CT_Individual_County_Chronologies.htm#WINDHAM|archive-date= November 10, 2013}}</ref>

There were 500 people in the town in 1756. The population grew to 767 by 1800, but declined thereafter. There were just 431 people in Union in 1890.<ref>Charles Hammond and Harvey Merrill Lawson (1893) [https://archive.org/details/historyofunionco01hamm The History of Union, Conn], Price, Lee, & Adkins Co., New Haven, Connecticut. Page 506.</ref>   The official population of the town is still less than 1,000 residents today.

==Civic associations==
Union is home to Venturing Crew 83 of the [[Connecticut Rivers Council]]. They are a member of the Nipmuck District and chartered by the Union Volunteer Fire Department.

==Geography==
According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the town has a total area of {{convert|29.8|sqmi|km2}}, of which {{convert|28.7|sqmi|km2}} is land and {{convert|1.1|sqmi|km2}} (3.75%) is water.

Union has the highest town center in eastern Connecticut at {{convert|1015|ft|m}} and the 4th highest in the state.<ref name="unionconnecticut.org">{{cite web |url=http://www.unionconnecticut.org/about.php |title=Town of Union, CT |website=www.unionconnecticut.org |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070810061451/http://www.unionconnecticut.org/about.php |archive-date=August 10, 2007}}</ref>  The highest elevation in eastern Connecticut is {{convert|1315|ft|m}} [[Burley Hill, Connecticut|Burley Hill]] in the northwestern part of town.<ref>{{Cite web |title=wale52sw.jpg |url=http://docs.unh.edu/MA/wale52sw.jpg |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110514174350/http://docs.unh.edu/MA/wale52sw.jpg |archive-date=May 14, 2011 |website=University of New Hampshire}}</ref>  In addition, [[Interstate 84 (east)|I-84]] reaches its highest elevation in Connecticut ({{convert|1002|ft|m}}) in Union.

Approximately one-third of the town is state park land, including [[Bigelow Hollow State Park]], [[Nipmuck State Forest]] and the Mountain Laurel Sanctuary. A portion of the [[Yale-Myers Forest]] and Hull Foresters<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.hullforest.com/forestry/forest_conservation.html|title = Forest Conservation Projects &#124; Hull Forest Products|date = September 26, 2019}}</ref> are located in Union. All combined, there are nearly 34,000 acres of forestland in Union.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nature.org/ourinitiatives/regions/northamerica/unitedstates/connecticut/placesweprotect/quinebaug-highlands.xml |title=Quinebaug Highlands {{!}} The Nature Conservancy |website=www.nature.org |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130617101413/http://www.nature.org/ourinitiatives/regions/northamerica/unitedstates/connecticut/placesweprotect/quinebaug-highlands.xml |archive-date=June 17, 2013}}</ref>

[[Mashapaug Lake]] is a large lake in Union. The lake is used for fishing, boating, and swimming.

==Demographics==
{{US Census population
|1820= 757
|1850= 728
|1860= 732
|1870= 627
|1880= 539
|1890= 431
|1900= 428
|1910= 322
|1920= 267
|1930= 196
|1940= 234
|1950= 261
|1960= 383
|1970= 443
|1980= 546
|1990= 612
|2000= 693
|2010= 854
|2020= 785
|footnote=U.S. Decennial Census<ref name="DecennialCensus">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html|title=Census of Population and Housing|publisher=Census.gov|access-date=June 4, 2015}}</ref>
|1790=631|1800=767|1810=752|1830=711|1840=669}}
{{See also|List of Connecticut locations by per capita income}}
At the [[census]]<ref name="GR2">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=January 31, 2008|title=U.S. Census website}}</ref> of 2000, there were 693 people, 285 households, and 200 families residing in the town. The [[population density]] was {{convert|24.1|/mi2|/km2|disp=preunit|people&nbsp;|people}}. There were 332 housing units at an average density of {{convert|11.6|/mi2|/km2}}. The racial makeup of the town was 98.56% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 0.14% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], and 1.30% from two or more races.

There were 285 households, out of which 27.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 64.6% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 4.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.5% were non-families. 22.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 4.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.43 and the average family size was 2.87.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 21.5% under the age of 18, 3.3% from 18 to 24, 34.6% from 25 to 44, 28.7% from 45 to 64, and 11.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 103.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 103.0 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $58,214, and the median income for a family was $65,417. Males had a median income of $48,021 versus $35,469 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the town was $27,900. About 2.0% of families and 3.5% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 5.9% of those under age 18 and none of those age 65 or over.

==Education==
Union residents are zoned to the Union School District for grades [[Kindergarten]] through 8. The only school in the district is Union Elementary School.

High schoolers have the option of attending Stafford High School, Rockville Vocational-Agricultural School, Windham Regional Technical Vocational School or [[Woodstock Academy]].

== Tourism ==

===Recreation===

With over 40,000 acres of forestland in and around town and a major interstate going through it, Union is known for outdoor recreation such as hunting, [[fishing]], [[hiking]], [[camping]] and picnicking.<ref name="unionconnecticut.org"/>  The area's elevation and dominance of evergreen trees makes the area cooler than surrounding places.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.wunderground.com/?cm_ven=cgi|title=Local Weather Forecast, News and Conditions &#124; Weather Underground|website=www.wunderground.com}}</ref>  Most activity is centered on [[Bigelow Hollow State Park]], and especially at [[Mashapaug Lake]].

[[Snowmobile|Snowmobiling]] is also enjoyed in the area.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nipmucktrailriders.com/index.html |title=Nipmuck Trail Riders |access-date=February 9, 2012 |archive-date=April 12, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130412015126/http://www.nipmucktrailriders.com/index.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>

===Landmarks===
The village of Mashapaug in Union is the site of the Traveler Restaurant, a unique eating establishment that gives away [[used book]]s to its patrons.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.hiddenboston.com/TravelerRestaurant.html|title=Traveler Restaurant, Union, CT|website=www.hiddenboston.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.visitingnewengland.com/traveler-restaurant.html|title=The Traveler Restaurant, Union Connecticut CT - Dining Review - VisitingNewEngland.com|website=www.visitingnewengland.com}}</ref>

Camp Pomperaug, a Boy Scout camp operated by the Connecticut Yankee Council, BSA, is situated within Union, and borders the state forest. It was originally property of the Wells family, for whom Wells Pond is named. The camp was originally situated on Lake Zoar in Monroe, but was relocated to the Union property when the original camp's dining hall was destroyed by a severe winter storm.

The camp includes old stone foundations of the buildings once comprising Well's Mill, and also includes a small Revolutionary War cemetery where, among other soldiers interred, lies a brother-in-law of Benedict Arnold. The burial site is thought by some to be haunted.

The Union Free Public Library is housed in one of the town's few public buildings. The library was established by a town meeting in November 1894, and opened March 25, 1895, in a private home. In 1912 it moved into a newly built building, which it still occupies.<ref>[http://www.unionconnecticut.org/library.php Union Free Public Library] website, accessed June 25, 2009</ref>

*[[Union Green Historic District]]

==Notable people==

* [[Alonzo Horton]], considered the second founder of the city of [[San Diego, California|San Diego]], [[California]], and the founder of [[Hortonville, Wisconsin|Hortonville]], [[Wisconsin]], was born in Union on October 24, 1813. His family moved away from the area in 1815<ref>Charles Hammond and Harvey Merrill Lawson (1893) [https://archive.org/details/historyofunionco01hamm The History of Union, Conn], Price, Lee, & Adkins Co., New Haven, Connecticut. Pages 368-369.</ref>
* [[Moses G. Leonard]] (1809–1899), a [[United States representative]] from [[New York (state)|New York]], grew up in Union but was born in nearby [[Stafford, Connecticut|Stafford]]<ref name=Stoddard>Charles Hammond and Harvey Merrill Lawson (1893) [https://archive.org/details/historyofunionco01hamm The History of Union, Conn], Price, Lee, & Adkins Co., New Haven, Connecticut. Pages 469-470.</ref>
* [[Ebenezer Stoddard]] (1785–1847), a United States Representative from Connecticut and [[Lieutenant Governor of Connecticut]], was born in Union<ref name=Stoddard/>

== See also ==
* {{Portal inline|Connecticut}}
* {{Portal inline|New England}}

==References==

{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
{{wikivoyage|Union (Connecticut)|Union, Connecticut}}
*[http://www.unionconnecticut.org Town of Union Website]
*[http://www.union.k12.ct.us Union Elementary School Website]

{{Connecticut}}
{{Tolland County, Connecticut}}
{{Northeastern Connecticut Planning Region, Connecticut}}
{{Greater Hartford}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Union, Connecticut| ]]
[[Category:Towns in Tolland County, Connecticut]]
[[Category:Towns in Connecticut]]
[[Category:Greater Hartford]]
[[Category:Towns in Northeastern Connecticut Planning Region, Connecticut]]