Editing Twickenham

{{Short description|Town in Greater London, England}}
{{about||the rugby union stadium|Twickenham Stadium|the historic district in Huntsville, Alabama|Twickenham Historic District}}
{{Use British English|date=June 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2015}}
{{Infobox UK place
| official_name            = Twickenham
| static_image_name        = cmglee London Twickenham aerial.jpg
| static_image_caption     = Aerial view of [[Twickenham Stadium]] (centre) and [[Twickenham Stoop|Stoop Stadium]] (background) from the north in August 2015
| coordinates              = {{coord|51.449|-0.337|display=inline,title}}
| area_total_km2           = 12.36
| population               = 62,148
| population_ref           = ([[United Kingdom Census 2011|2011 Census]])<ref group="nb">Twickenham is made up of 6 wards in the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames: Heathfield, St Margarets and North Twickenham, South Twickenham, Twickenham Riverside, West Twickenham, and Whitton. {{cite web|url=http://data.london.gov.uk/2011-census-ward-pop |title=2011 Census Ward Population Estimates |date =November 2012|access-date=12 August 2020 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222202755/http://data.london.gov.uk/2011-census-ward-pop |archive-date=22 February 2014 |df=dmy }}</ref>
| os_grid_reference        = TQ1673
| charingX_distance_mi     = 9.9
| charingX_direction       = NE
| london_borough           = Richmond
| region                   = London
| country                  = England
| post_town                = TWICKENHAM  
| postcode_area            = TW
| postcode_district        = TW1, TW2
| dial_code                = 020
| constituency_westminster = [[Twickenham (UK Parliament constituency)|Twickenham]]
}}
'''Twickenham''' is a suburban district of [[London]], England, on the [[River Thames]] {{convert|9.9|miles|km}} southwest of [[Charing Cross]]. [[Historic counties of England|Historically]] in [[Middlesex]], since 1965 it has formed part of the [[London Borough of Richmond upon Thames]], whose administrative headquarters are in the area.

The population, including [[St Margarets, London|St Margarets]] and [[Whitton, London|Whitton]], was 62,148 at the 2011 census.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://data.london.gov.uk/2011-census-ward-pop |title=2011 Census Ward Population Estimates |date =November 2012|access-date=12 August 2020 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222202755/http://data.london.gov.uk/2011-census-ward-pop |archive-date=22 February 2014 |df=dmy }}</ref>

Twickenham is the home of the [[Rugby Football Union]], with hundreds of thousands of spectators visiting [[Twickenham Stadium]] each year. The historic riverside area has a network of 18th-century buildings and pleasure grounds, many of which have survived intact.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://thames-landscape-strategy.org.uk/visitor-guide/the-arcadian-thames |title=The Arcadian Thames |publisher=Thames Landscape Strategy |access-date=15 January 2017}}</ref>

This area has three grand period mansions with public access: [[York House, Twickenham|York House]], [[Marble Hill House|Marble Hill]] and [[Strawberry Hill House]].  Another has been lost, that belonging to 18th-century [[aphorism|aphoristic]] poet [[Alexander Pope]], who was known as the ''Bard of Twickenham''.<ref>''[[Brewer's Dictionary of Phrase & Fable]]'', 20th edition, Chambers Publishing</ref> Strawberry Hill, the [[Neo-Gothic]] prototype home of [[Horace Walpole]] is linked with the oldest [[Roman Catholic]] university in the country, [[St Mary's University, Twickenham|St Mary's University]].

==History==
===Pre-Norman===
Excavations have revealed settlements in the area dating from the Early [[Neolithic]], possibly [[Mesolithic]], periods. Occupation seems to have continued through the [[Bronze Age]], the [[Iron Age]] and the [[Roman Britain|Roman occupation]]. The area was first mentioned (as "Tuican hom" and "Tuiccanham") in an 8th-century [[charter]] to cede the area to [[Waldhere (Bishop of London)|Waldhere]], [[Bishop of London]], "for the salvation of our souls".<ref name="Tuican hom">{{cite web | url= http://www.twickenham-museum.org.uk/detail.php?aid=4&ctid=3&cid=28| title=First written mention of 'Tuican hom' in a Charter | publisher=[[Twickenham Museum]] | access-date=2 February 2018}}</ref> The charter, dated 13 June 704, is signed with 12 crosses. The signatories included [[Swaefred of Essex]], [[Cenred of Mercia]] and Earl Paeogthath.

===Norman===
In [[Norman dynasty|Norman]] times Twickenham was part of the [[Manorialism|Manor]] of Isleworth&nbsp;– itself part of the [[Hundred of Hounslow]], [[Middlesex]] (mentioned in [[Domesday Book]] of 1086).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.twickenham-museum.org.uk/detail.asp?ContentID=218 |title=Domesday Book – Hampton |publisher=[[Twickenham Museum]] |access-date=15 January 2017}}</ref> The manor had belonged to [[Ælfgār, Earl of Mercia]] in the time of [[Edward the Confessor]], but was granted to Walter de Saint-Valery (Waleric) by [[William I of England]] after the [[Norman Conquest of England]] in 1066. The area was farmed, while the river provided opportunities for fishing, boatbuilding and trade.

===17th century===
[[File:The Thames at Twickenham.jpg|thumb|The Thames at Twickenham {{Circa|1700}}, depicted by [[Peter Tillemans]]]]
[[File:Twickenham, St Mary's Church - geograph.org.uk - 164928.jpg|thumb|[[St Mary's, Twickenham|St Mary's Church]] today]]
[[File:Crane Shot Tower.JPG|thumb|upright|The Shot Tower by the [[River Crane, London|River Crane]]]]
[[Image:A View of Alexander Pope's Villa, Twickenham, on the Banks of the Thames by Samuel Scott, RA.jpg|thumb|[[Pope's villa]], painting {{circa|1759}}]]
[[File:All Hallows Parish Church in Twickenham.jpg|thumb|[[All Hallows Twickenham]], as seen from the [[A316 road|A316]]]]
[[Bubonic plague]] spread to the town in 1665 and 67 deaths were recorded. It appears that Twickenham had a [[pest house]] in the 17th century, although the location is not known.

There was also a watch house in the middle of the town, with [[stocks]], a [[pillory]] and a [[flagellation|whipping]] post whose owner was charged to "ward within and about this Parish and to keep all Beggars and Vagabonds that shall lye abide or lurk about the Towne and to give correction to such...".

In 1633 construction began on [[York House, Twickenham|York House]]. It was occupied by [[Edward Montagu, 2nd Earl of Manchester]] in 1656 and later by [[Edward Hyde, 1st Earl of Clarendon]].<ref name="LondonEncyclopedia">{{Cite book |title=[[The London Encyclopaedia]] |date=1993 |publisher=PaperMac |last1=Weinreb |first1=Ben |author-link1= Ben Weinreb|last2=Hibbert |first2=Christopher |author-link2= Christopher Hibbert|isbn=0333576888 |location=London |oclc=28963301 |page=1004}}</ref>

1659 saw the first mention of the [[Twickenham Ferry]], although ferrymen had already been operating in the area for many generations. Sometime before 1743 a "pirate" ferry appears to have been started by Twickenham inhabitants. There is speculation that it operated to serve "The Folly", a floating hostelry of some kind. Several residents wrote to the [[Lord Mayor of the City of London]]:

{{quote|...Complaining that there is lately fixed near the Shore of Twickenham on the River Thames a Vessell made like a [[Barge]] and called the Folly wherein divers[e] loose and disorderly persons are frequently entertained who have behaved in a very indecent Manner and do frequently afront divers[e] persons of Fashion and Distinction who often in an Evening Walk near that place, and desired so great a Nuisance might be removed,....}}

===18th and 19th centuries===
In 1713 the [[nave]] of the ancient [[St Mary's, Twickenham|St Mary's Church]] collapsed, and the church was rebuilt in the [[Neoclassical architecture|Neo-classical]] style to designs by a local architect, [[John James (architect)|John James]].<ref name=cobbett/>

In 1736, the noted pharmacist and [[Quackery|quack doctor]] [[Joshua Ward]] set up the Great Vitriol Works to produce [[sulfuric acid|sulphuric acid]], using a process discovered in the seventeenth century by [[Johann Glauber]] in which sulphur is burned together with saltpetre ([[potassium nitrate]]), in the presence of steam. The process generates an extremely unpleasant smell, which caused objections from local residents. The area was also soon home to the world's first industrial production facility for [[gunpowder]], on a site between Twickenham and Whitton on the banks of the [[River Crane, London|River Crane]]. There were frequent explosions and loss of life. On 11 March 1758, one of two explosions was felt in [[Reading, Berkshire]], and in April 1774 another explosion terrified people at church in [[Isleworth]].<ref name="Knight">{{cite news | url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-28369829 | title=Sulphur surplus: Up to our necks in a diabolical element | work=[[BBC News]] magazine | date=19 July 2014 | access-date=19 July 2014 | author=Knight, Laurence}}</ref>

In 1772 three mills blew up, shattering glass and buildings in the neighbourhood. [[Horace Walpole, 4th Earl of Orford]], wrote complaining to his friend and relative [[Henry Seymour Conway]], then Lieutenant General of the Ordnance, that all the decorative painted glass had been blown out of his windows at [[Strawberry Hill House|Strawberry Hill]].

The city of [[Huntsville, Alabama]] was first settled as Twickenham in 1805. In 1811 the name was changed to its present name of Huntsville. It was named after Twickenham, the home of founder [[LeRoy Pope|LeRoy Pope’s]] kinsman, Alexander Pope. The name is still used today as a neighborhood and a [[Twickenham Historic District|Historical District]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Alabama |url=http://archive.org/details/bub_gb_JvtKAAAAYAAJ |title=Alabama laws and joint resolutions of the Legislature of Alabama |date=1819 |publisher=Catawba : Printed by Allen & Brickell, State Printers |others=New York Public Library}}</ref>

The powder mills remained in operation until 1927 when they were closed. Much of the site is now occupied by [[Crane Park]], in which the old Shot Tower, mill sluices and blast embankments can still be seen. Much of the area along the river next to the Shot Tower is now a nature reserve.

The 1818 Enclosure Award led to the development of {{convert|182|acre|km2}} of land to the west of the town centre largely between the present day Staines and Hampton Roads, where new roads&nbsp;– Workhouse Road, Middle Road, 3rd, 2nd and 1st Common Roads (now First to Fifth Cross Roads respectively)&nbsp;– were laid out.<ref>Cashmore, T H R (1977), ''Twickenham in 1818: The year of the Enclosure'', Borough of Twickenham Local History Society Paper 38.</ref>  During the 18th and 19th centuries, a number of fine houses were built and Twickenham became a popular place of residence for people of "fashion and distinction". Further development was stimulated by the opening of [[Twickenham railway station|Twickenham station]] in 1848.

In 1898 some buildings on London Road, near the east end of King Street, were demolished, and a new road was built, in order to relieve congestion on the older Church Street. This new road was named York Street and opened on 1 March 1899.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.twickenham-museum.org.uk/detail.php?aid=381&ctid=4&cid=39|title=Shopping in Twickenham|publisher=[[Twickenham Museum]]|access-date=10 February 2020}}</ref>

===20th and 21st centuries===

[[Electricity]] was introduced to Twickenham in 1902<ref>Urwin, A C B (1977), ''The Coming of Electricity to Twickenham'', Borough of Twickenham Local History Society Paper 37</ref> and the first [[tram]]s arrived the following year.

In 1939, when [[All Hallows Lombard Street]] was demolished in the [[City of London]], its distinctive stone tower designed by [[Christopher Wren]], with its [[Ring of bells|peal of ten bells]] and connecting stone cloister, and the interior furnishings, including a [[Renatus Harris]] organ and a pulpit used by [[John Wesley]], were brought to Twickenham to be incorporated in the new [[All Hallows Twickenham|All Hallows Church]] on [[A316 road|Chertsey Road (A316)]] near [[Twickenham Stadium]].<ref name="All Hallows History">{{cite web|url=https://www.allhallowstwick.org.uk/about-us/history|title=History |website=All Hallows Twickenham|access-date = 13 April 2024}}</ref>

There was a high-profile murder on 19 August 2004, when French woman [[Amelie Delagrange]] (aged 22) died in hospital after being found with a serious head injury (caused by [[Battery (crime)|battery]]) in the Twickenham Green area. Within 24 hours, police had established a link with the murder of Marsha McDonnell, who was killed in similar circumstances in nearby [[Hampton, London|Hampton]] 18 months earlier.<ref name="Link">{{cite news | url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/london/3582958.stm | title=Murder police probe Marsha 'link' | work=[[BBC News]] | date=20 August 2004 | access-date=13 May 2014}}</ref> [[Levi Bellfield]] was found guilty of both murders on 25 February 2008 (as well as a further charge of attempted murder against 18-year-old Kate Sheedy) and sentenced to [[life imprisonment]].<ref name="bbc_students_conviction">
{{cite news
|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/london/7227830.stm
|title=Stalker guilty of student murders
|date=25 February 2008
|publisher=[[BBC News]]
}}
</ref> In 2011 he was found guilty of the [[murder of Milly Dowler]],<ref name="Guilty">{{Cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-13875507 |title=Levi Bellfield guilty of Milly Dowler murder |date=23 June 2011 |work=[[BBC News]] |access-date=2 February 2018}}</ref> a teenage girl who vanished from [[Walton-on-Thames]] in March 2002 and whose body was later found in [[Hampshire]] woodland.<ref>{{cite news|title=Levi Bellfield guilty of murdering two women|url= https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1579748/Levi-Bellfield-guilty-of-murdering-two-women.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1579748/Levi-Bellfield-guilty-of-murdering-two-women.html |archive-date=12 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|author=Moore, Matthew and agencies|work=[[Daily Telegraph|The Telegraph]]|date=25 February 2008|access-date=11 September 2014}}{{cbignore}}</ref>

==Governance==

From 1888 the area was administered jointly between the newly formed [[Middlesex County Council]] and the Twickenham Local Government District board, which had been established with the passing of the [[Local Government Act 1858]]. Under the [[Local Government Act 1894]] the area became Twickenham Urban District. In 1926 Twickenham was granted a charter of incorporation to become a [[municipal borough]].  Eleven years later the [[urban district council]]s of [[Teddington Urban District|Teddington]], Hampton & Hampton Wick merged with Twickenham.
[[File:York house, twickenham.jpg|thumb|[[York House, Twickenham|York House]] (rear view from sunken lawn)]]
In 1965 [[Middlesex County Council]] was abolished and replaced with the [[Greater London Council]], and the boroughs of Twickenham, [[Municipal Borough of Richmond (Surrey)|Richmond]] and [[Municipal Borough of Barnes|Barnes]] were combined to form the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames. In 1986 the [[Greater London Council]] was abolished and most powers devolved to local boroughs and others to the Government and joint boards. In 2000 the [[Greater London Authority]] was set up and two-tier administration returned, but with the top tier having a much more limited strategic role.

The borough council offices and chamber are located at [[York House, Twickenham]] and in the adjacent civic centre.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.heritagefund.org.uk/blogs/50-years-london-borough-richmond-upon-thames|publisher=Heritage Fund|title=50 years of the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames|access-date=11 April 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.richmond.gov.uk/contacting_the_council|title=Contacting the Council|publisher=London Borough of Richmond upon Thames|access-date=11 April 2020}}</ref>

The [[Twickenham (UK Parliament constituency)|Twickenham constituency in the UK Parliament]] includes the towns of Twickenham, St Margarets, [[Whitton, London|Whitton]], [[Teddington]], [[Hampton, London|Hampton]], [[Fulwell, London|Fulwell]], [[Hampton Hill]] and [[Hampton Wick]]. Since the [[2019 United Kingdom general election|2019 UK General Election]],  the [[Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)|Member of Parliament]] (MP) has been a [[Liberal Democrats (UK)|Liberal Democrat]], [[Munira Wilson]].

==Economy==

As Twickenham is a London suburb, many local residents commute to [[central London]] or work locally in retail, hospitality, education or for one of the many professional firms based in the area. London Heathrow Airport is important to the local economy both through direct employment and the cluster of international firms that have their European headquarters in the Thames Valley area.  Unemployment in the area is very low, however there is a big difference in the salaries earned by residents who work inside the borough, compared to those whose employment is based outside.

The council has been making efforts to regenerate Twickenham town centre which has been struggling due to strong competition from [[Hounslow]], [[Richmond, London|Richmond]] and [[Kingston upon Thames]].  It differs from most town centres as it has fewer retail shops, particularly chain stores, and more cafes, restaurants, banks and estate agents.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.richmond.gov.uk/adopted_twickenham_area_action_plan_july_2013.pdf|title= Twickenham Area Action Plan|date= July 2013|access-date= 2 February 2018|publisher= [[London Borough of Richmond upon Thames]]|url-status= live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20131109135820/http://www.richmond.gov.uk/adopted_twickenham_area_action_plan_july_2013.pdf|archive-date= 9 November 2013|df= dmy-all}}</ref>  There has been a comprehensive scheme of town centre improvements including repaving in [[Yorkstone]], a new arts centre, and improved gardens and riverside walk.  However, plans to build a barge house for ''[[Gloriana (barge)|Gloriana]]'' at Orleans Gardens<ref>{{cite web|author=Cumber, Robert |url=http://www.getwestlondon.co.uk/news/local-news/boost-brentford-twickenham-says-no-7759466 |title=Boost for Brentford as Twickenham says no to royal barge Gloriana |publisher=Get West London |date=12 September 2014 |access-date=2 February 2018}}</ref> and to move the youth centre out of Heatham House so the building could be converted into a hotel proved controversial and were dropped.

==Population and housing==

Data for 1891–1961 is available for the [[Sanitary district|Urban Sanitary District]], that was then the Metropolitan Borough which always included [[Whitton, London|Whitton]].  This area temporarily expanded for 31 years to include [[Hampton, London|Hampton]] and [[Teddington]] from 1935, rising from {{convert|2421|acres|km2}} to {{convert|7,014|acres|km2}}.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/unit/10017968/cube/TOT_POP |title=Braunton through time: Population Statistics: Total Population | access-date=13 July 2013 | work= A Vision of Britain through Time}}</ref> The [[United Kingdom Census 2001|2001]] and [[United Kingdom Census 2011|2011 Census]]es give detailed information about the town/district. The settlement's population in 2011 were living in 22,273 households.<ref name=ons>[http://neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk Key Statistics; Quick Statistics: Population Density] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030211201309/http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/ |date=11 February 2003 }} [[United Kingdom Census 2011]] ''[[Office for National Statistics]]''. Retrieved 21 November 2013</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="margin:auto;"
|+ '''Population of Twickenham'''
|-
! Year !! 1901 !! 1911 !! 1921 !! 1931
|-
! Population
| 20,991 || 29,367 || 34,790 ||39,906
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|+ '''2011 Census homes'''
|-
!Ward !!Detached  !!Semi-detached!!Terraced!!Flats and apartments!!Caravans/temporary/mobile homes/houseboats!!Shared between households<ref name=ons/>
|-
|South Twickenham||	254	||	987	||	1,459||1,302	||	32	||	13
|-
|St Margarets and North Twickenham||	431	||	1,092||	1,193||1,843	||	23	||	17
|-
|Twickenham Riverside||	221	||	694	||	1,008||2,866	||	28	||	36
|-
|West Twickenham||	148	||	1,300	||	1,770||1,052	||	0	||	10
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|+ '''2011 Census households'''
!Ward !!Population !!Households !!% Owned outright !!% Owned with a loan!!Hectares<ref name=ons/>
|-
|South Twickenham||9,987	||	4,599	||	30	||	41	||	167
|-
|St Margarets and North Twickenham||11,172	||	4,616	||	28	||	40	||	197
|-
|Twickenham Riverside||10,396	||	4,280	||	25	||	32	||	175
|-
|West Twickenham||10,528	||	3,814	||	28	||	44	||	246
|}

In terms of ethnicity (as of 2011 census), the majority of people in all four wards identified themselves as White British, ranging between 71% of the population in Twickenham Riverside to 78% in South Twickenham.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ukcensusdata.com/twickenham-riverside-e05000531|title=Twickenham Riverside – UK Census Data 2011|access-date = 7 November 2021|website=UK Census Data}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ukcensusdata.com/south-twickenham-e05000529|title=South Twickenham – UK Census Data 2011|access-date = 7 November 2021|website=UK Census Data}}</ref> The next largest ethnic groups in all four wards were Other White, White Irish and Indian.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ukcensusdata.com/st-margarets-and-north-twickenham-e05000527|title=St Margarets and North Twickenham – UK Census Data 2011|access-date = 7 November 2021|website=UK Census Data}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ukcensusdata.com/west-twickenham-e05000532|title=West Twickenham – UK Census Data 2011|access-date = 7 November 2021|website=UK Census Data}}</ref>

==Geography ==
Twickenham is bounded by the River Thames on the south and the land is relatively flat though it does rise gently to the west as it approaches Whitton.  The land is fertile and was home to numerous market gardens before housing became the predominant land use with the coming on the railways in the mid nineteenth century.

[[Image:Twickenham-map.jpg|right|thumb|A map of most of the town of Twickenham]]
[[File:Alexander Pope's house wall plaque Twickenham.jpg|right|thumb|A memorial plaque to Pope's Grotto]]
[[File:Houseboats - Richmond, London, UK.jpg|thumb|[[Houseboat]]s on river [[Thames]], in the [[St Margarets, London|St Margarets]] locality]]
[[File:Twickenham Park House.jpg|thumb|220px|right|The former [[Twickenham Park]] House]]
The town is bordered on the south-eastern side by the [[River Thames]] and [[Eel Pie Island]]&nbsp;– which is connected to the Twickenham embankment by a narrow footbridge, the first of which was erected in 1957. Before this, access was by means of a hand-operated ferry that was hauled across using a chain on the riverbed. The land adjacent to the river, from [[Strawberry Hill, London|Strawberry Hill]] in the south to [[Marble Hill House|Marble Hill Park]] in the north, is occupied by a mixture of luxury dwellings, formal gardens, public houses and a newly built park and leisure facility.

In the south, in Strawberry Hill, lies [[St Mary's University, Twickenham]] historically specialising in [[sports studies]], [[teacher training]], [[religious studies]], the [[humanities]], [[drama]] studies and [[English literature]]. Strawberry Hill was originally a small [[cottage]] in two or three acres (8,000 or 12,000&nbsp;m<sup>2</sup>) of land by the River Thames. [[Horace Walpole]], a son of the politician [[Robert Walpole]], rented the cottage in 1747 and subsequently bought it and turned it into one of the incunabula of the [[Gothic revival]]. The university shares part of its campus with Walpole's [[Strawberry Hill House|Strawberry Hill]]. On adjacent land were the [[Pope's villa|villa and garden]] of the poet [[Alexander Pope]]. The villa was demolished in 1808/09 following the orders of [[William Howe, 5th Viscount Howe|Lady Howe]], who became irritated with the large number of tourists who visited the place.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-21587468|title=The man who demolished Shakespeare's house|author= Winterman, Denise|work= [[BBC News]]|date= 7 March 2013|access-date= 7 March 2013}}</ref> The grotto which formed the basement survived. A memorial plaque was placed on the site in remembrance in 1848.

A road just north of the campus is named Pope's Grove, and a local landmark next to the main road is the ''Alexander Pope Hotel'' (previously known as ''Pope's Grotto''), a [[public house]] and hotel where Pope's landmark informal garden used to be. Near this hostelry lie St Catherine's school for girls and Radnor House School, in a building on the site of Pope's white stucco villa and the location of Pope's original&nbsp;– surviving&nbsp;– [[grotto]].

There are a large number of fine houses in the area, many of them [[Victorian architecture|Victorian]]. The open space known as [[Radnor Gardens]] lies opposite Pope's Grotto.

Not far from Pope's Grotto is the Roman Catholic [[Church of St James, Twickenham|Church of Saint James]], which has a memorial window in the form of the [[Coat of arms of Portugal#Notable depictions|Royal Arms of Portugal]] and memorials to [[Manuel II of Portugal|Manuel II]], Portugal's last king, who worshipped here and died in nearby [[Fulwell, London|Fulwell Park]] in 1932.

Twickenham proper begins in the vicinity of Pope's Grotto, with generally large period houses to the west, the [[Anglicanism|traditional]] definition of which is ''Twickenham Green'', and similar housing in the east all the distance to [[Richmond Bridge, London|Richmond Bridge]] typically largest near the Thames. The town centre is not actually in the centre of the town, rather in the south-eastern corner, as Twickenham was built up moving away from the Thames. [[Whitton, London|Whitton]] lies further to the north and west.

The districts of East Twickenham and St Margarets lie to the north-east of central Twickenham on the west side of [[Richmond Bridge, London|Richmond Bridge]], the shortest bridge on the [[Tideway]]. These are popular for their attractive tree-lined residential roads and an eclectic range of shops and [[café]]s. St Margarets is the location of [[Twickenham Studios]], one of Greater London's major film studios.

East Twickenham abuts the River Thames at Richmond Bridge and St Margarets has its river frontage immediately to the north. The great estate of Cambridge Park, home of [[Richard Owen Cambridge]], the 18th-century satirical poet, was located here.

===Nearest places===
{{Div col|colwidth=20em}}
* [[Fulwell, Middlesex|Fulwell]]
* [[Ham, London|Ham]]
* [[Hampton, London|Hampton]]
* [[Hampton Hill]]
* [[Hampton Wick]]
* [[Hounslow]]
* [[Isleworth]]
* [[Kingston upon Thames]]
* [[Richmond, London|Richmond]]
* [[St Margarets, London|St Margarets]]
* [[Teddington]]
* [[Whitton, London|Whitton]]
{{Div col end}}

==Education==
[[File:Richmonduponthamescollege.jpg|thumb|150px|[[Richmond upon Thames College]]]]
{{main|List of schools in Richmond upon Thames}}

Twickenham has a university and several schools in Twickenham including secondary schools, primary schools and kindergartens. Many of these are easily accessible by the local bus network mentioned in the [[#Transport|Transport]] section.

[[Richmond upon Thames College]], a college of further and higher education, is on Egerton Road in Twickenham.

[[St Mary's University, Twickenham]] has been located in Twickenham since moving from Hammersmith in 1925.

==Transport==

Until 1971 [[London Transport Executive (GLC)|London Transport]] operated a [[bus]] depot known as Twickenham garage (coded AB) on Cambridge Road, East Twickenham. The relevant [[destination blind]] for garage journeys always referred to this location as [[Richmond Bridge, London|Richmond Bridge]], which was close by. On closure, all its routes and vehicles were transferred to [[Fulwell bus garage]], but the building remained under the ownership of London Transport until the mid-1990s when it was demolished to make way for a housing development.

Fulwell garage was originally the base for [[London United Tramways]] in south Middlesex.<ref>{{cite book |last=Woodriff |first=Bryan |title=Fulwell: Home to Trams, Trolleys and Buses |publisher=Middleton Press | year=2003 |isbn=1-904474-11-X }}</ref> The [[Trams in London|trams]] were replaced by [[Trolleybuses in London|trolleybuses]] that started operating from Fulwell garage in the 1930s.  The trolleybuses were later replaced by [[AEC Routemaster]] buses and Middlesex's last trolleybus terminated here on the night of 8 May 1962, following a commemorative circuit of the Fulwell routes by Middlesex's first trolleybus, No.1 of the A1 class Felthams, known as "Diddlers". This vehicle is preserved in working order.

Originally [[Twickenham railway station]] was situated on the western side of the [[A310 road|A310]] London Road bridge before the new station was opened on the eastern side. This accounts for roads named Railway Approach and Station Road, which now give no access to the station.

===Nearest railway stations===
The main railway station in the town is [[Twickenham railway station|Twickenham]] itself, although [[St Margarets railway station (London)|St Margarets]], [[Whitton railway station|Whitton]], [[Fulwell railway station|Fulwell]] and [[Strawberry Hill railway station|Strawberry Hill]] stations are also within the Twickenham post town. Stations in nearby towns (all, except for Richmond and Isleworth, once part of the former Borough of Twickenham) are:

*[[Hampton railway station, London|Hampton railway station]]
*[[Hampton Wick railway station]]
*[[Isleworth railway station]]
*[[Richmond station (London)|Richmond station]]
*[[Teddington railway station]]

===Buses===

[[London Buses]] serving Twickenham are:

{| class="wikitable"
|-
| style="width:10%;"| '''Route'''
| style="width:30%;"| '''Start'''
| style="width:30%;"| '''End'''
| style="width:20%;"| '''Operator'''
|-
|[[London Buses route 33|33]]
|[[Fulwell railway station|Fulwell station]]
|[[Castelnau, London|Castelnau]]
|[[London United Busways|London United]]
|-
|[[London Buses route 110|110]]
|[[London United Busways#Hounslow (AV)|Hounslow bus station]]
|[[Hammersmith bus station]]
|London United
|-
|[[London Buses route 267|267]]
|[[Fulwell bus garage]]
|Hammersmith bus station
|London United
|-
|[[London Buses route 281|281]]
|Hounslow bus station
|[[Tolworth]]
|London United
|-
|[[London Buses route 290|290]]
|Twickenham
|[[Staines-upon-Thames|Staines]]
|[[Transport UK London Bus]]
|-
|[[London Buses route 481|481]]
|[[Kingston upon Thames|Kingston]]
|[[West Middlesex University Hospital]]
|Transport UK London Bus
|-
|[[London Buses route 490|490]]
|[[Heathrow Terminal 5]]
|[[Richmond, London|Richmond]]
|Transport UK London Bus
|-
|[[London Buses route H22|H22]]
|[[Hounslow]]
|West Middlesex University Hospital
|London United
|-
|[[London Buses route R68|R68]]
|[[Kew|Kew Retail Park]]
|[[Hampton Court]]
|Transport UK London Bus
|-
|[[London Buses route R70|R70]]
|[[Hampton, London|Hampton]]
||Richmond
|Transport UK London Bus
|-
|[[London Buses route N22|N22]]
|[[Oxford Circus]]
|[[Fulwell, London|Fulwell]]
|[[London General]]
|-
|[[London Buses route N33|N33]]
|Fulwell station
|Hammersmith bus station
|London United
|}

All above routes serve King Street in the town centre apart from the 110 and the 481. The 481 runs through western Twickenham and the 110 runs through northern Twickenham. The N22 and the N33 only operate at night (00:00–05:00).

==Sport==
[[File:The Exchange, Twickenham.jpg|thumb|150px|[[The Exchange, Twickenham]]]]
[[File:Twickenham Museum - London. (19977475534).jpg|thumb|150px|[[Twickenham Museum]]]]
[[File:2013 01 20 Cabbage Patch TwickFolk 30th.JPG|thumb|150px|The Cabbage Patch pub in Twickenham]]
Twickenham is home to the headquarters of the [[Rugby Football Union]] and [[Twickenham Stadium]]. The [[England national rugby union team]] play all their home matches at Twickenham Stadium, which is one of England's largest sports stadiums and the world's largest rugby stadium. [[Harlequin F.C.|Harlequins]], a [[rugby union]] club, play at the [[Twickenham Stoop]].

Twickenham Stadium hosted [[Rugby World Cup]] fixtures in 1991, 1999, 2015 and later including semi-final matches in 1999 and the final matches in 1991, 2015, and soon 2025.

==Arts and culture==
[[The Exchange, Twickenham|The Exchange]] is a community building, including a 320-seat theatre, opposite Twickenham railway station. It opened in October 2017.<ref name="Exchange Opening Press Release">{{cite press release|url=https://www.richmond.gov.uk/council/news/press_office/older_news/october_2017/twickenhams_newest_arts_centre|title=Something for everyone at Twickenham's newest arts centre|publisher=[[Richmond upon Thames London Borough Council|Richmond Upon Thames Council]]|access-date=4 February 2018}}</ref> The building is owned by [[Richmond upon Thames London Borough Council|Richmond upon Thames Council]] and is managed by [[St Mary's University, Twickenham]].<ref name="Howard">{{cite news |url= http://www.richmondandtwickenhamtimes.co.uk/news/15419939.St_Mary_s_University_takes_over_a_new_community_building_in_Richmond/|last=Howard |first=Jen |work=[[Richmond and Twickenham Times]]|title=St Mary's University takes over a new community building in Richmond |date=19 July 2017 |access-date=14 November 2017}}</ref><ref name="Firth">{{Cite press release |title=Key 'exchange' for Twickenham community building |date=18 July 2017 |publisher=[[Richmond upon Thames Council]] |author=Firth, Elinor|url=http://www.richmond.gov.uk/key_exchange_for_twickenham_community_building |access-date=7 October 2017}}</ref>

The [[Twickenham Museum]] is a volunteer-run museum<ref name="Trip">{{cite news | url=http://www.richmondandtwickenhamtimes.co.uk/news/10924665.A_trip_to_the_Twickenham_Museum/ | title=A trip to the Twickenham Museum | work=[[Richmond and Twickenham Times]] | date=9 January 2014 | access-date=11 August 2015}}</ref> opposite St Mary's parish church. It is open every day except Mondays.

The Cabbage Patch pub on London Road has, since 1983, been a regular venue for live music on Sunday nights, organised by [[TwickFolk]].<ref name="Maverick">{{cite web|url=https://www.scribd.com/document/86898978/Twickfolk-Music-for-the-Folks-Maverick-Magazine|title=TwickFolk: Music for the Folks!|publisher=Maverick|author=Webb, Jela|year= 2008|access-date=4 September 2016}}</ref><ref name="FATEA">{{cite magazine|url=http://www.fatea-records.co.uk/magazine/twickfolk.html|title=Club Of The Month:TwickFolk|magazine=FATEA magazine|access-date= 7 November 2021}}</ref>

==Public art==
{{main |Pope's Urn}}
[[File:Pope's Urn, Twickenham.jpg|thumb|150px|[[Alexander Pope|Pope's]] [[Urn]] on Twickenham riverside]]
In 2015, working in partnership with [[Richmond upon Thames Council]] and the architectural design practice [[Feilden Clegg Bradley Studios]], Twickenham resident [[Graham Henderson (cultural entrepreneur)|Graham Henderson]] conceived, designed, built and installed ''[[Pope's Urn]]'', an important contemporary piece of public art, inspired by the poetry of [[Alexander Pope]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2015/sep/28/alexander-pope-urn-scuplture-twickenham-memorial |title=Alexander Pope is granted eternal sunshine of a Twickenham memorial|last=Flood |first=Alison |date=28 September 2015 |work=[[The Guardian]] |access-date=20 March 2018}}</ref> Enjoying a central position on the Twickenham riverside, the sculpture was commissioned to celebrate the [[2015 Rugby World Cup]], and was opened in a ceremony in September 2015.<ref name="Riverside">{{Cite news |url=http://www.thisisourtown.co.uk/richmond/popes-urn-veiled-on-twickenham-riverside/9221253/ |title=Pope's Urn unveiled on Twickenham Riverside |publisher= This is Our Town|location= [[Richmond upon Thames]]|date=September 2015|access-date=20 March 2018}}</ref>

==Places of worship==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Name !! Denomination/Affiliation !! Address !! Website !! Image
|-
| [[All Hallows Twickenham|All Hallows]] || [[Church of England]] || 138 Chertsey Road, Twickenham TW1 1EW || [http://www.allhallowstwick.org.uk/ website]||[[File:All Hallows Parish Church in Twickenham.jpg|120px]]
|-
| [[All Saints Church, Twickenham|All Saints]] || Church of England ||  Campbell Road, Twickenham TW2 5BY || [http://www.allsaintstwickenham.co.uk/ website]||[[File:Geograph-3237743-by-John-Salmon all saints twickenham.jpg|thumb|120px|Church's interior]]
|-
| [[Amyand Park Chapel]] || [[Reformed Baptist]] || 174 Amyand Park Road, Twickenham TW1 3HY || [http://www.amyand.com/home website]||[[File:Amyand Park Chapel (geograph 2065978).jpg|120px]]
|-
| [[Free Grace Baptist Church, Twickenham|Free Grace Baptist]]|| [[Grace Baptist]] || Powdermill Lane, Twickenham TW2 6EJ || [https://www.pmlfreegrace.org/ website]||
|-
| [[Holy Trinity Twickenham|Holy Trinity]]|| Church of England || 1 Vicarage Road, Twickenham TW2 5TS || [http://holytrinitytwickenham.org/ website]||[[File: Holy Trinity Church, Twickenham - London. (6256347665).jpg|120px]]
|-
| [[Church of St James, Twickenham|St James]] || [[Catholic Church|Roman Catholic]] || 61 Pope's Grove, Twickenham TW1 4JZ || [http://stjamestwickenham.org.uk/ website]||[[File:Geograph-2580074-by-Rob-Gill st james church hall.jpg|thumb|120px|The church hall in Radnor Road]]
|-
| [[St Mary's, Twickenham|St Mary's]] || Church of England || Church Street, Twickenham TW1 3NJ || [http://www.stmarytwick.org.uk/ website]||[[File:Twickenham, St Mary's Church - geograph.org.uk - 164928.jpg|120px]]
|-
| [[St Stephen's, Twickenham|St Stephen's]] || Church of England || Richmond Road, East Twickenham TW1 2PD || [http://www.st-stephens.org.uk/ website]||[[File:St Stephen's Church.JPG|120px]]
|-
| [[Salvation Army, Twickenham|Salvation Army]]||[[Salvation Army]]||May Road, Twickenham TW2 6QP|||[http://www.salvationarmy.org.uk/twickenham/ website]||
|-
| [[Twickenham Methodist Church|Methodist]] || [[Methodist Church of Great Britain|Methodist]] || Queen's Road, Twickenham TW1 4EN || [http://www.rhmc.org.uk/twickenham.htm website]||[[File:Twickenham_Methodist_Church.jpg|120px]]
|-
| [[Twickenham United Reformed Church|United Reformed]] || [[United Reformed Church]] || First Cross Road, Twickenham TW2 5QA || [http://www.twickenhamurc.org.uk/ website]||
|}

==People==
{{Main|List of people from Richmond upon Thames}}
[[File:15 montpelier row twickenham 2.JPG|thumb|150px|15 Montpelier Row's residents have included [[Alfred, Lord Tennyson]] and [[Pete Townshend]]]]
[[File:Andrzej Panufnik Polish composer.jpg|thumb|150px|[[Andrzej Panufnik]], who lived and died in a house on Twickenham Riverside]]

===Living people===
*[[Steve Allen (radio presenter)|Steve Allen]], radio presenter, lives in Twickenham.<ref>Archived at [https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/9xz44cSUbfs Ghostarchive]{{cbignore}} and the [https://web.archive.org/web/20151113063512/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9xz44cSUbfs Wayback Machine]{{cbignore}}: {{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9xz44cSUbfs |title=Steve Allen's Guided Tour Of Twickenham |publisher=[[LBC]] | date= 7 December 2011|access-date=8 July 2019}}{{cbignore}}</ref>
*[[Tony Blair]], former UK Prime Minister, lived in a house in Twickenham in 1972, which he rented from a member of the [[Vineyard Church]] in Richmond, and used the Vineyard's crypt every Sunday for promotional events.<ref name="Jones Vineyard">{{cite news | url=http://www.richmondandtwickenhamtimes.co.uk/news/6417247.Church_archives_reveal_a_Vineyard_of_history/ | title=Church archives reveal a Vineyard of history | work=[[Richmond and Twickenham Times]] | date=8 May 2001 | access-date=2 August 2017 | author=Jones, Helen}}</ref>
*[[Jason Bradbury]], children's writer and TV presenter, lives in Twickenham.<ref name="Kingston Guardian - Bradbury">{{cite news | url=http://www.yourlocalguardian.co.uk/news/local/kingstonnews/8790495.Residents_vow_to_fight_controversial_bingo_hall_plans/ | title=Residents vow to fight former Kingston bingo hall plans | work=[[Kingston Guardian]] |date=14 January 2011 | access-date=11 October 2012 | author=George, Martin | location=London}}</ref>
*[[Rob Brydon]], comedian, lives in [[Strawberry Hill, London|Strawberry Hill]].<ref name="Weekend">{{cite news | url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/celebritynews/my-perfect-weekend/7043548/My-perfect-weekend-Rob-Brydon.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/celebritynews/my-perfect-weekend/7043548/My-perfect-weekend-Rob-Brydon.html |archive-date=12 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live | title=My perfect weekend; Rob Brydon | work=[[The Daily Telegraph|The Telegraph]] | location= London|date=22 January 2010 | access-date=2 February 2018 | author=Swann, Yvonne}}{{cbignore}}</ref>
*[[Michael Fish]], television and radio weather forecaster, lives in Twickenham.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/shortcuts/2016/dec/13/we-had-audiences-of-18-million-michael-fish-remembers-ian-mccaskill|title='We had audiences of 18 million': Michael Fish remembers Ian McCaskill|work=[[The Guardian]]|author=Usborne, Simon|date=13 December 2016|access-date=12 August 2020}}</ref>
*[[Oliver Golding]], former [[child actor]] and current [[Lawn Tennis Association|LTA]] junior tennis player, has lived in Twickenham.<ref name="Golding">{{cite news | url=http://www.sheengate.co.uk/richmond-and-barnes/2012/07/24/olympic-torch-heads-through-richmond/ | title=Olympic Torch heads through Richmond | work=The Barnes Magazine | location= London|date=24 July 2012 | access-date=11 October 2012 | author=Arnett, George}}</ref>
*[[Keeley Hawes]], actress, and [[Matthew Macfadyen]], actor, live in Twickenham.<ref name="Ashes to Ashes">{{cite news | url=https://www.standard.co.uk/lifestyle/ashes-to-ashes-star-keeley-hawes-on-surviving-a-showbiz-marriage-6455459.html | title=Ashes to Ashes star Keeley Hawes on surviving a showbiz marriage | work=[[Evening Standard]] | date=1 April 2010 | access-date=11 October 2012 | author=Hoggard, Liz | location=London}}</ref>
*[[Graham Henderson (cultural entrepreneur)|Graham Henderson]], arts consultant and Chief Executive of the [[Rimbaud and Verlaine Foundation]], lives in Twickenham.<ref name="charity">{{Cite web |url=http://beta.charitycommission.gov.uk/charity-details/?subid=0&regid=1157063 |title=The Rimbaud And Verlaine Foundation |date=2017 |publisher=[[Charity Commission for England and Wales]] |access-date=22 March 2018}}</ref>
*[[Roxanna Panufnik]], composer and musician, was brought up in the [[Andrzej Panufnik|Panufnik]] family home at Riverside House in Twickenham overlooking the Thames.<ref name="Samantha Laurie">{{cite news | url=http://www.sheengate.co.uk/richmond-and-barnes/2014/10/27/interview-roxanna-panufnik/ | title=Interview: Roxanna Panufnik | work=The Barnes Magazine | date=27 October 2014 | access-date=20 January 2015 | author=Laurie, Samantha}}</ref><ref name="Malcolm Smith">{{cite web | title= Andrzej Panufnik&nbsp;– Malcolm Smith | url=https://www.thesmith.org.uk/music/mentors/panufnik.html | publisher=thesmith.org.uk | access-date=27 November 2021 | author=Smith, Malcolm }}</ref>
*[[Tim Rowett]], renowned toy collector and [[YouTube]] personality, lives in Twickenham.<ref>{{cite magazine |last1=Tufnell|first1=Nicholas| title=Meet Tim, a 71-year-old English eccentric whose toy collection has been charming millions online|url=https://www.wired.co.uk/article/meet-tim-rowett|magazine=Wired UK|access-date=16 November 2016|date=2014-02-03}}</ref>
*[[Pete Townshend]], [[guitarist]] for [[The Who]], who lives at [[The Wick]] on Richmond Hill,<ref name="Wick">{{cite news|url=http://www.express.co.uk/posts/view/196227/Pete-Townshend-can|title=Pete Townsend can't bear the breeze|work= [[Daily Express]]|location= London |author=Helliker, Adam|date= 29 August 2012|access-date= 26 September 2012}}</ref> previously lived at [[Chapel House, Twickenham]], now called 15 Montpelier Row.<ref name="Hoggart">{{Cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/travel/2001/aug/18/london.unitedkingdom.walkingholidays |last=Hoggart |first=Simon |date=18 August 2001 |title=Suburban hymn|work=[[The Guardian]] |access-date=3 February 2018 |author-link=Simon Hoggart}}</ref>

===Historical figures===
[[File:Sandycombe Lodge 1814.jpg|thumb|[[J. M. W. Turner]]'s home, [[Sandycombe Lodge]], in 1814]]
* Brothers [[Arthur Anderson (athlete)|Arthur Anderson]] (1886–1967) and [[Gerard Anderson]] (1889–1914) were born in Twickenham<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/an/arthur-anderson-1.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200418011148/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/an/arthur-anderson-1.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=18 April 2020 |title=Arthur Anderson |website=www.sports-reference.com |access-date=3 February 2018}}</ref><ref name=CWGC>{{cite web |url= http://www.cwgc.org/find-war-dead/casualty/925379 |title= Anderson, Gerard Rupert Laurie|publisher= [[Commonwealth War Graves Commission]]|access-date= 2 February 2018}}</ref> and competed in track and field events in the [[1912 Summer Olympics]]. Gerard was also the world record holder in the [[400 metres hurdles at the Olympics|440 metres hurdles]]. Gerard served as a [[second lieutenant]] in the [[Cheshire Regiment]] in the [[First World War]]. He was [[mentioned in despatches]]<ref name="CWGC"/> and was killed in combat in 1914.<ref name="McCrery">{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_U3CDAAAQBAJ&q=arthur+anderson+twickenham&pg=PA35 |title=The Extinguished Flame: Olympians Killed in the Great War |last=McCrery |first=Nigel |publisher=[[Pen and Sword]] |year=2016 |pages= 35–36|isbn=978-1-47387-798-6 |location=[[Barnsley]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/an/laurie-anderson-1.html  |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200418043008/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/an/laurie-anderson-1.html  |url-status=dead  |archive-date=18 April 2020  |title=Laurie Anderson |website=www.sports-reference.com |access-date=3 February 2018}}</ref>
*[[Trevor Baylis]] (1937–2018), inventor of the [[clockwork radio]], lived, worked and died on [[Eel Pie Island]], Twickenham.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2018/mar/05/trevor-baylis-inventor-wind-up-radio-dies-aged-80|title=Trevor Baylis, inventor of the wind-up radio, dies aged 80|work=[[The Guardian]]|date=5 March 2018|access-date = 1 May 2021|author= Quinn, Ben}}</ref>
*[[Richard Owen Cambridge]] (1717–1802), poet, lived at [[Twickenham Meadows|Cambridge House]], Twickenham.
*[[Kitty Clive]] (1711–1785), actress, who retired in 1769 to a villa in Twickenham that had been a gift from her friend [[Horace Walpole]], dying there in 1785. She was buried at St Mary's. At the northeast corner of the church, there is a memorial to her<ref name="Pearson 2008, p. 82">{{cite book|author=Pearson, Lynn F |date= 2008|title= Discovering Famous Graves|page=82|publisher= Bloomsbury USA|isbn= 978-0747806196}}</ref> on which a poem praises her generosity.
*[[Walter de la Mare]] (1873–1956), poet, lived at South End House in Montpelier Row from 1940 until his death.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.blueplaqueplaces.co.uk/walter-de-la-mare-plaque-in-london-110#.WTacvTOZPoA|title=Walter de la Mare blue plaque in London|publisher=Blue Plaque Places|access-date=6 June 2017}}</ref>
*[[Henry Du Pre Labouchere]] (1831–1912), Liberal MP and journalist, lived at Pope's Villa, Cross Deep, Twickenham. The site is marked by a blue plaque.<ref name="Blue Plaques">{{cite web | url=https://www.visitrichmond.co.uk/blue-plaques.aspx | title=Blue Plaques in Richmond upon Thames | publisher=[[London Borough of Richmond upon Thames]] | work=Visit Richmond | access-date=27 November 2021}}</ref>
*[[Katie Edith Gliddon]] (1883–1967), watercolour artist and militant [[suffragette]], was born in Twickenham.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Papers of Katie Gliddon  |url=https://archiveshub.jisc.ac.uk/search/archives/a810d28f-33c7-3eed-82d0-f74453a32f8a |access-date=14 February 2021 |website=[[Jisc]] Archives Hub}}</ref>
* [[William Goode (colonial administrator)|William Goode]] (1907–1986), a colonial administrator and 1st [[Yang di-Pertuan Negara]] of [[Singapore]], was born in Twickenham in 1907.<ref name=Infopedia>{{cite web|last1=Rahman|first1=Nor|title=William A. C. Goode|url=http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/infopedia/articles/SIP_160_2005-01-22.html|website=NLB Infopedia}}</ref>
*[[Ron Greenwood]] (1921–2006), manager of [[West Ham United F.C.]] and the [[England national football team]], lived in Twickenham early in his career.<ref name="Goldman2013">{{cite book|author=Goldman, Lawrence|author-link=Lawrence Goldman|title=Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 2005–2008|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nbGcAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA459|date=7 March 2013|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|isbn=978-0-19-967154-0|pages=459–}}</ref>
*[[Harry Hampton]] (1870–1922) British Army sergeant who was the [[Victoria Cross]], was born in Crown Terrace, Richmond and died in Twickenham. He is buried in [[Richmond Cemetery|Richmond Old Cemetery]].<ref name="HarryHampton">{{cite web | url=https://www.richmond.gov.uk/services/libraries/branch_libraries/local_studies_collection/victoria_cross_holders_buried_in_the_borough/harry_hampton | title=Harry Hampton | publisher=[[London Borough of Richmond upon Thames]] | work=Victoria Cross holders buried in the borough | date=8 July 2016| access-date=27 November 2021}}</ref>
*[[Nellie Ionides]] (1883–1962) lived at Riverside House, Twickenham.<ref name="Riverside House">{{Cite web |title=Riverside, Twickenham |url=http://www.twickenham-museum.org.uk/house-details.php?houseid=122&categoryid=1 |access-date=22 November 2020 |website=[[Twickenham Museum]]}}</ref> A collector, connoisseur and philanthropist, she is best known for saving the 18th-century Octagon Room at [[Orleans House]] in Twickenham from destruction, and for donating this and also many pieces from her extensive art collection to the local council (now the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames). 
*[[Norman Cyril Jackson]] (1919–1994), [[Royal Air Force]] (RAF) sergeant who earned the [[Victoria Cross]],  died in Hampton Hill and is buried in [[Twickenham Cemetery]].<ref name="Jackson">{{cite web | url=http://www.richmond.gov.uk/services/libraries/branch_libraries/local_studies_collection/victoria_cross_holders_buried_in_the_borough/norman_cyril_jackson | title=Norman Cyril Jackson | publisher=[[London Borough of Richmond upon Thames]] | work=Victoria Cross holders buried in the borough | date=3 August 2009 | access-date=17 November 2017}}</ref>
*[[Harriet Kendall]] (1857–1933),  [[Elocution|elocutionist]], singer, pianist, poet and composer of ballads, lived at Elsinore, 8 Park Road, East Twickenham.<ref>{{Cite news |date=4 January 1896 |title=Miss Harriet Kendall |page=7 |work=Richmond Herald }}</ref>
*[[Sir Godfrey Kneller, 1st Baronet]] (1646–1723), portrait painter, who lived in [[Whitton, London|Whitton]], was a churchwarden at [[St Mary's, Twickenham]] when its 14th-century [[nave]] collapsed in 1713 and he was active in the plans for the church's reconstruction by [[John James (architect)|John James]]. Kneller's remains were interred in the church.<ref name=cobbett>Cobbett, Richard Stuteley, ''Memorials of Twickenham: parochial and topographical'' ([[Smith, Elder & Co.]], 1872), p. 402</ref><ref name=tmuseum>[http://www.twickenham-museum.org.uk/detail.asp?ContentID=177 St Mary's Church] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141007210951/http://www.twickenham-museum.org.uk/detail.asp?ContentID=177 |date=7 October 2014 }}, [[Twickenham Museum]], accessed 4 November 2012</ref>
*[[Batty Langley]] (1696–1751), garden designer, was the son of a jobbing gardener in Twickenham and was baptised there.<ref name="Langley">{{cite web | url=http://www.twickenham-museum.org.uk/detail.asp?ContentID=29 | title=Batty Langley: gardener and prolific writer | publisher=[[Twickenham Museum]] | access-date=31 March 2013 | archive-date=9 November 2005 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051109021119/http://twickenham-museum.org.uk/detail.asp?ContentID=29 | url-status=dead }}</ref>
*[[Charles Lightoller]] (1874–1952), the most senior officer to survive the ''[[RMS Titanic|Titanic]]'' sinking; in retirement from 1947 until his death in 1952, he lived at and managed Richmond Slipways in East Twickenham (No. 1, Duck's Walk),<ref name="McDonald">{{Cite web |last=McDonald |first=Ronnie |date=6 October 2010 |title=Charles Lightoller's Secrets |url=https://stmargarets.london/archives/2010/10/charles_lightollers_secrets.html |access-date=14 February 2021 |website=St Margarets Community Website |archive-date=29 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200929123538/https://www.stmargarets.london/archives/2010/10/charles_lightollers_secrets.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> which built and maintained motor launches for the river police.
*The future [[Louis Philippe I]], Duc d’Orleans, who was King of the French from 1830 to 1848, went into exile in 1793 and, before his return to France in 1815 on the fall of [[Napoleon]], lived mostly in Twickenham. He and his two younger brothers lived in relative poverty from 1800 to 1807 at Highshot House, Crown Road; the house was demolished in 1927. From 1815 to 1817 Louis Philippe leased a house on the Twickenham riverside and gave it the name [[Orleans House]]. The house was demolished in 1926 but the octagon and some outbuildings survived and are now the [[Orleans House Gallery]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.richmond.gov.uk/orleans_house_gallery/|title=Orleans House Gallery|work=richmond.gov.uk}}</ref> After the 1848 revolution, many members of Louis Philippe's large family were forced into exile and took residences in the Richmond area.<ref name="Local History - Orleans">{{cite web | url=http://www.richmond.gov.uk/local_history_french_royal_residencies.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081120003619/http://www.richmond.gov.uk/local_history_french_royal_residencies.pdf |archive-date=2008-11-20 |url-status=live | title=Residences of the French Royal House of Orleans | publisher=[[London Borough of Richmond upon Thames]] | work=Local History Notes | access-date=11 October 2012}}</ref>
* King [[Manuel II of Portugal]] (1889–1932)  lived in exile at [[Fulwell Park]], Twickenham, following the [[5 October 1910 revolution]] in Portugal.  He died in the house in 1932.<ref>{{cite web | title=King Manoel II of Portugal | url=http://www.twickenham-museum.org.uk/detail.asp?ContentID=79 | publisher=[[Twickenham Museum]] | access-date=3 February 2018 | archive-date=29 November 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129212801/http://www.twickenham-museum.org.uk/detail.asp?ContentID=79 | url-status=dead }}</ref>
*[[Andrzej Panufnik]] (1914–1991), Polish-born composer, lived and died in a house on Twickenham Riverside.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/8071175/Sir-Andrzej-Panufnik.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171203044340/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/8071175/Sir-Andrzej-Panufnik.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=3 December 2017|title=Obituary: Sir Andrzej Panufnik|work=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|date=28 October 1991|access-date=6 June 2017}}</ref>
*[[Alexander Pope]] (1688–1744), poet, lived in Twickenham.<ref name="Pope History">{{cite web | url=http://www.richmond.gov.uk/services/libraries/branch_libraries/local_studies_collection/local_history_notes/alexander_pope-2 | title=Alexander Pope | publisher=[[London Borough of Richmond upon Thames]] | work=Local History notes | date= 9 January 2015|access-date=27 August 2017}}</ref> Pope was known as the ''Bard of Twickenham'', or sometimes, on account of his acerbity, the ''Wasp of Twickenham''.<ref>Brewer's Dictionary of Phrase & Fable, 20th Edition, Chambers Publishing</ref> He lies in [[St Mary's, Twickenham]] under a stone slab engraved simply with the letter P, near a bronze memorial plate.<ref name="Pearson 2008, p. 82"/>
*[[Peter Sallis]] (1921–2017), actor, was born in Twickenham.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-27129358|title=Obituary&nbsp;– Peter Sallis|work=BBC News|date=5 June 2017|access-date=6 June 2017}}</ref> He was the voice of [[Wallace and Gromit#Wallace|Wallace]] in the ''[[Wallace and Gromit]]'' films.
* [[James Saunders (playwright)|James Saunders]] (1925–2004), playwright, lived in East Twickenham.<ref name="saunders obit">{{cite news | url= http://www.richmondandtwickenhamtimes.co.uk/news/457348.0/ | title=Obituary: Playwright James Saunders | work=[[Richmond and Twickenham Times]] | date=6 February 2004 | access-date=9 October 2012}}</ref>
* Sir [[Ratanji Dadabhoy Tata|Ratan Tata]] (1871–1918), a [[Parsi people|Parsee]] and a major industrialist in [[India]], who bought [[York House, Twickenham]] in 1906 and lived there until 1914, when he returned to India. His widow Navajbai decided to sell the house and its contents in 1924.<ref name="Tata Archives">{{cite web|url=http://www.tatacentralarchives.com/history/biographies/22%20Navajbai%20Tata.htm |title=Navajbai Tata (1877–1965) |publisher=Tata Central Archives |access-date=14 October 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121231185731/http://www.tatacentralarchives.com/history/biographies/22%20Navajbai%20Tata.htm |archive-date=31 December 2012 }}</ref>
*[[Alfred, Lord Tennyson]] (1809–1892), author and poet, lived at Chapel House, now 15 Montpelier Row from 1851 until 1853.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://tellingtrails.wordpress.com/2006/03/15/alfred-tennyson-1809-1892/#more-175 |title= Alfred Tennyson|publisher= Telling Trails |date=15 March 2006|access-date= 21 May 2016}}</ref> His son [[Hallam Tennyson, 2nd Baron Tennyson|Hallam Tennyson]] (1852–1928), second [[Governor-General of Australia]], was born there<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.notableabodes.com/person-abode-details/10655/lord-alfred-tennyson-poet_chapel-house-15-montpelier-row-twickenham-london|title=Chapel House, 15 Montpelier Row, Twickenham, London|publisher=Notable Abodes|access-date=6 June 2017}}</ref> and was [[infant baptism|christened]] at [[St Mary's, Twickenham]] in 1852.<ref name="Lang">{{Cite book |title=Letters of Alfred Lord Tennyson 1809–1892 |editor1= Lang, Cecil Y|editor2=Shannon, Edgar F Jr. |publisher=Belknap Harvard |year=1987 |isbn=978-0674525849 |oclc=153582865}}</ref>
*[[J. M. W. Turner]] (1775–1851), artist, designed and commissioned the building of Solus Lodge in Sandycoombe Road, on the border of East Twickenham and [[St Margarets, London#History|St Margarets]]. The house survives as [[Sandycombe Lodge]].<ref name="Turner's House">{{cite web | url=http://www.turnerintwickenham.org.uk | title=Turner's House Twickenham | publisher=Turner's House Trust | access-date=3 February 2018}}</ref> The site is marked by a blue plaque.<ref name="Blue Plaques"/>
*[[Thomas Twining (merchant)|Thomas Twining]] (1675–1741) was a merchant, and the founder of the tea company [[Twinings]]. In about 1722 he bought a property later known as Dial House, next door to the church of [[St Mary's, Twickenham]], where he either rebuilt, or converted and extended, the buildings already there. The sundial on the façade carries the date 1726, possibly the time when the new building was finished. After Twining died in 1741, he was buried at St Mary's, where there is a memorial to him at the north-east corner of the church.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.twickenham-museum.org.uk/detail.php?aid=120&cid=12&ctid=1|title=Thomas Twining I|publisher=[[Twickenham Museum]]|access-date=8 July 2019}}</ref><ref name="Pearson 2008, p. 82"/>
*[[Horace Walpole]] (1717–1797), art historian, man of letters, [[antiquarian]] and politician, built and lived at [[Strawberry Hill House]] in Twickenham.<ref name="Walpole History">{{cite web | url=https://www.richmond.gov.uk/services/libraries/branch_libraries/local_studies_collection/local_history_notes/horace_walpole_and_strawberry_hill | title=Horace Walpole (1717–1797) and Strawberry Hill | publisher=[[London Borough of Richmond upon Thames]] | work=Local history notes | date= 23 June 2017|access-date=27 November 2021}}</ref>
* [[Paul Whitehead (satirist)|Paul Whitehead]] (1710–1774), poet and satirist, secretary to the infamous [[Hellfire Club]], lived at Colne Lodge, Twickenham from about 1755.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Paul Whitehead|url=http://www.twickenham-museum.org.uk/detail.php?aid=141&cid=7&ctid=1|access-date=7 November 2022|website=[[Twickenham Museum]]}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[Twickenham Cemetery]]
*[[Twickenham Golf Course]]
*[[Twickenham Ferry]]
*[[Twickenham Museum]]

==Notes==
{{Reflist|group="nb"}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
* {{Citation |publisher = [[Thomas Cadell (publisher)|T. Cadell]] |location = London |author = Lysons, Daniel |author-link = Daniel Lysons (antiquarian) |title = The Environs of London |date = 1792 |chapter-url= https://archive.org/stream/environsoflondon03lyso#page/558/mode/2up |chapter= Twickenham |volume=3: County of Middlesex }}
* {{Citation |location = London|title=Select Illustrated Topography of Thirty Miles Around London |author=Trotter, W E |date = 1849 |oclc=681272905 |chapter= Twickenham |chapter-url=https://archive.org/stream/historyoflondoni00fear#page/n461/mode/2up }}
* {{Citation |publisher = [[John Murray (publishing house)|John Murray]] |location = London |title = Handbook to the Environs of London |author = Thorne, James |date = 1876 |chapter=Twickenham |chapter-url= https://archive.org/stream/handbooktoenviro00thoruoft#page/627/mode/1up }}
* {{Citation |publisher = Cassell & Co. |location = London |title = Greater London |author = Walford, Edward |author-link = Edward Walford |date = 1883 |oclc = 3009761 |chapter=Twickenham |chapter-url=https://archive.org/stream/greaterlondonnar01walf#page/70/mode/1up }}

==External links==
{{NSRW Poster}}
{{EB9 Poster}}
{{Commons category}}
* [https://botlhs.co.uk/ Borough of Twickenham Local History Society]
* [https://www.richmond.gov.uk London Borough of Richmond upon Thames Council]
* [https://www.twickenham-museum.org.uk The Twickenham Museum]
* [https://www.twicksoc.org.uk The Twickenham Society]
* [https://www.twickenhamthetown.org.uk Twickenham Town Business Association]
* [https://twickerati.wordpress.com/ Twickerati local news, events & discussion blog]
{{LB Richmond}}

{{London Districts}}
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[[Category:Districts of London on the River Thames]]
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[[Category:London Borough of Richmond upon Thames]]
[[Category:Places formerly in Middlesex]]