Editing Tvedestrand

{{short description|Municipality in Agder, Norway}}
{{about|the municipality in Agder, Norway|the town in Tvedestrand municipality|Tvedestrand (town)}}
{{Infobox kommune
|name                   = Tvedestrand
|native_name            = 
|native_name_lang       = 
|other_name             = 
|former_name            = 
|idnumber               = 4213
|image_skyline          = Norway Aust-Agder Tvedestrand Pier 2000.jpg
|image_caption          = View of Tvedestrand
|county                 = Agder
|district               = Østre Agder
|capital                = [[Tvedestrand (town)|Tvedestrand]]
|established            = 1 Jan 1838
|preceded               = none
|demonym                = Tvedestrand-folk
|language               = Bokmål
|webpage                = www.tvedestrand.kommune.no
|mayor                  = Marianne Landaas
|mayor_party            = [[Conservative Party (Norway)|H]]
|mayor_as_of            = 2020
|area_rank              = 298
|area_total_km2         = 215.04
|area_land_km2          = 203.94
|area_water_km2         = 11.10
|area_water_percent     = 5.2
|population_as_of       = 2023
|population_rank        = 154
|population_total       = 6184
|population_density_km2 = 30.3
|population_increase    = 2
|coordinates            = {{coord|58|37|26|N|08|55|40|E|region:NO|display=inline,title}}
|utm_zone = 32V |utm_northing = 6499613 |utm_easting = 0496685 | geo_cat = adm2nd
}}

{{Audio|Tvedestrand.ogg|'''Tvedestrand'''}} is [[List of municipalities of Norway|municipality]] in [[Agder]] [[counties of Norway|county]], [[Norway]]. It is located in the [[Districts of Norway|traditional district]] of [[Southern Norway|Sørlandet]]. The administrative center is the [[Tvedestrand (town)|town of Tvedestrand]]. There are many villages in the municipality including [[Dypvåg (village)|Dypvåg]], [[Fiane, Tvedestrand|Fiane]], [[Gjeving]], [[Gødderstad]], [[Grønland, Agder|Grønland]], [[Kilen, Tvedestrand|Kilen]], [[Klåholmen]], [[Kråkvåg, Agder|Krokvåg]], [[Laget]], [[Lyngør]], [[Nesgrenda]], [[Østerå]], [[Sagesund]], [[Sandvika, Agder|Sandvika]], and [[Songe]].<ref name="snl">{{Cite encyclopedia |title=Tvedestrand |encyclopedia=[[Store norske leksikon]] |publisher=[[Kunnskapsforlaget]] |url=https://snl.no/Tvedestrand |access-date=2018-01-01 |date=2017-09-28 |editor-last=Thorsnæs |editor-first=Geir |language=no}}</ref>

The [[Tvedestrand (town)|town of Tvedestrand]] has a white-painted town center with irregular streets climbing steep hills around the [[harbor]]. The natural environment of the area makes it a tourist destination. The municipality includes numerous islands, which makes it popular in the summer for [[boat]]ers. The number of people in the municipality practically doubles in the summer, due to vacationers. There are approximately 1,700 summer cottages ("hytter") around the fjord and coastal areas. Tvedestrand has over 2,000 buildings that are more than 100 years old.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Stagg |first=Frank Noel |title=South Norway |publisher=George Allen & Unwin, Ltd |year=1958}}</ref>

The {{convert|215|km2|adj=on}} municipality is the 298th largest by area out of the 356 municipalities in Norway. Tvedestrand is the 154th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 6,184. The municipality's [[population density]] is {{convert|30.3|PD/km2}} and its population has increased by 2% over the previous 10-year period.<ref name="ssb pop">{{Cite web |last=Statistisk sentralbyrå |author-link=Statistics Norway |title=Table: 06913: Population 1 January and population changes during the calendar year (M) |url=https://www.ssb.no/en/statbank/table/06913/ |language=Norwegian}}</ref><ref name="ssb area">{{Cite web |last=Statistisk sentralbyrå |author-link=Statistics Norway |title=09280: Area of land and fresh water (km²) (M) |url=https://www.ssb.no/en/statbank/table/09280/ |language=Norwegian}}</ref>

==General information==
[[File:Tvedestrand.jpg|thumb|left|From the town centre of Tvedestrand]]
[[File:Dypvåg Kirke.JPG|thumb|left|[[Dypvåg Church]]]]
The [[Tvedestrand (town)|town of Tvedestrand]] was established as a municipality on 1 January 1838 (see [[formannskapsdistrikt]] law). During the 1960s, there were many municipal mergers across Norway due to the work of the [[Schei Committee]]. On 1 January 1960, the rural municipalities of [[Dypvåg]] (population: 1,805) and [[Holt, Aust-Agder|Holt]] (population: 3,759) were merged with the [[Tvedestrand (town)|town of Tvedestrand]] (population: 868) to form a new municipality named Tvedestrand.<ref name="Dag">{{Cite book |last=Jukvam |first=Dag |url=http://www.ssb.no/emner/00/90/rapp_9913/rapp_9913.pdf |title=Historisk oversikt over endringer i kommune- og fylkesinndelingen |publisher=[[Statistics Norway|Statistisk sentralbyrå]] |year=1999 |isbn=9788253746845 |language=no}}</ref>

On 1 January 1962, the [[Strengereid]] area (population: 375) of Tvedestrand was transferred to neighboring [[Moland]] municipality. Then on 1 January 1964, the Holtegården area (population: 5) was transferred from Moland to Tvedestrand. The uninhabited Folevatnet area in Tvedestrand was transferred to the municipality of Risør on 1 January 1984.<ref name="Dag" />

===Name===
The town and municipality is named after the old ''Tveite'' farm ({{langx|non|Þveitar}}) since that is the location of the present [[Tvedestrand (town)|town of Tvedestrand]]. The first element is the farm name which is the [[genitive case]] of the word {{wikt-lang|non|þveit}} which means "[[Clearing (geography)|clearing]]" or "small farm". The last element is {{wikt-lang|non|strǫnd}} which means "[[beach]]" or "strand". Thus this is the beach of the Tveit farm.<ref name="snl" /><ref>{{Cite book |last=Rygh |first=Oluf |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=u4pBAAAAIAAJ |title=Norske gaardnavne: Nedenes amt |date=1905 |publisher=W. C. Fabritius & sønners bogtrikkeri |edition=8 |location=Kristiania, Norge |page=48 |language=no |authorlink=Oluf Rygh}}</ref>

===Coat of arms===
The [[coat of arms]] was granted on 4 April 1986. The official [[blazon]] is "[[Azure (heraldry)|Azure]], a [[tern]] [[Volant (heraldry)|volant]] [[argent]]" ({{langx|no|I blått en oppflyvende sølv terne}}). This means the arms have a blue [[field (heraldry)|field]] (background) and the [[charge (heraldry)|charge]] is a [[tern]], a type of local seabird. The tern has a [[tincture (heraldry)|tincture]] of [[argent]] which means it is commonly colored white, but if it is made out of metal, then silver is used. The blue color in the field and the tern were chosen to represent the [[sea]] since the municipality was historically dependent on it for its [[economy]]. The arms were designed by Daniel Rike. The municipal flag has the same design as the coat of arms.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Civic heraldry of Norway - Norske Kommunevåpen |url=https://www.heraldry-wiki.com/heraldrywiki/index.php?title=Tvedestrand |access-date=2023-01-16 |publisher=Heraldry of the World}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Tvedestrand, Aust-Agder (Norway) |url=https://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/no-09-14.html |access-date=2023-01-16 |website=Flags of the World}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=1986-04-04 |title=Godkjenning av våpen og flagg |url=https://lovdata.no/dokument/LF/forskrift/1986-04-04-884?q=flagg |access-date=2023-01-16 |website=Lovdata.no |publisher=Norges kommunal- og arbeidsdepartementet |language=no}}</ref>
{{See also|Coat of arms of Roan}}

===Churches===
The [[Church of Norway]] has three parishes ({{lang|no|sokn}}) within the municipality of Tvedestrand. It is part of the [[Aust-Nedenes prosti]] ([[deanery]]) in the [[Diocese of Agder og Telemark]].

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|+ style="font-size:medium"|'''''Churches in Tvedestrand'''''
!Parish ({{lang|no|sokn}})!!Church name!!Location of the church!!Year built
|-
|rowspan="1"|Dypvåg||[[Dypvåg Church]]||[[Dypvåg (village)|Dypvåg]]||c. 1200
|-
|rowspan="2"|Holt||[[Holt Church]]||[[Fiane, Tvedestrand|Fiane]]||c. 1100
|-
|[[Laget Church]]||[[Laget]]||1908
|-
|rowspan="1"|Tvedestrand||[[Tvedestrand Church]]||[[Tvedestrand (town)|Tvedestrand]]||1861
|}

[[File:Lyngør august 2017 (1).jpg|upright=1.35|thumb|View of the village of [[Lyngør]]]]

==History==
[[Holt Church]] probably dates from the twelfth century and it has an ancient [[baptismal font]]. The interior was decorated by [[Torsten Hoff]].

Around 1600, Tvedestrand was mainly a harbour for the Berge and Tveite farms’ boats, hence the name Tvedestrand (''strand'' means beach or coast in Norwegian).

Lyngør was the site of the [[Battle of Lyngør]] between English and [[Denmark–Norway|Dano-Norwegian]] forces during the [[Napoleonic Wars]] resulting in the sinking of the  frigate of the Dano-Norwegian forces, ''[[HDMS Najaden (1811)|Najaden]]'' by the British ship-of-the-line ''Dictator'' in 1812.

The town, as it now exists, was built in the 19th century as a harbour for Norway's longest existing iron works, ''Næs jernverk''. Lying in the parish of Holt, ''[[Næs jernverk]]'' has one of the largest and most significant of the surviving mansions in [[Sørlandet]], built by Ulrich Schnell. Schnell bought up various iron works in the neighborhood and set up several sawmills in the district. He obtained a [[Market town|special license]] to export timber directly from Tvedestrand, establishing the basis for an international harbor.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Welle-Strand |first=Erling |title=Adventure Roads in Norway |publisher=Nortrabooks |year=1996 |isbn=82-90103-71-9}}</ref>

==Government==
Tvedestrand Municipality is responsible for [[primary education]] (through 10th grade), outpatient [[Health care|health services]], [[old age|senior citizen]] services, [[welfare spending|welfare]] and other [[Social work|social services]], [[zoning]], [[economic development]], and municipal [[road]]s and utilities. The municipality is governed by a [[Municipal council (Norway)|municipal council]] of [[Direct election|directly elected]] representatives. The [[mayor]] is [[Indirect election|indirectly elected]] by a vote of the municipal council.<ref name="ks">{{Cite encyclopedia |title=kommunestyre |encyclopedia=[[Store norske leksikon]] |publisher=[[Kunnskapsforlaget]] |url=https://snl.no/kommunestyre |date=2022-09-20 |editor-last=Hansen |editor-first=Tore |language=Norwegian |editor2-last=Vabo |editor2-first=Signy Irene |accessdate=2022-10-14}}</ref> The municipality is under the jurisdiction of the [[Agder District Court]] and the [[Agder Court of Appeal]].

===Municipal council===
The [[Municipal council (Norway)|municipal council]] ({{lang|no|Kommunestyre}}) of Tvedestrand is made up of 23 representatives that are elected to four-year terms. The tables below show the current and historical composition of the council by political [[Political party|party]]. 
{{div col}}
{{Kommunestyre table
|name                      = Tvedestrand
|start                     = 2023
|end                       = 2027
|reference                 = <ref>{{Cite web |title=Kommunestyrevalg 2023 - Agder |url=https://valgresultat.no/valg/2023/ko/agder/tvedestrand#seats |access-date=2024-01-28 |publisher=[[Valgdirektoratet]]}}</ref>
|collapsed                 = 
|Total                     = 23
|Arbeiderpartiet           = 5
|Fremskrittspartiet        = 2
|Høyre                     = 7
|INP                       = 2
|Kristelig_Folkeparti      = 1
|Senterpartiet             = 3
|Sosialistisk_Venstreparti = 2
|Venstre                   = 1
|}}
{{Kommunestyre table
|name                      = Tvedestrand
|start                     = 2019
|end                       = 2023
|reference                 = <ref>{{Cite web |title=Kommunestyrevalg 2019 – Agder |url=https://valgresultat.no/valg/2019/ko/agder/tvedestrand#seats |access-date=2020-12-12 |publisher=[[Valgdirektoratet]]}}</ref>
|collapsed                 = yes
|Total                     = 23
|Arbeiderpartiet           = 5
|Fremskrittspartiet        = 1
|Høyre                     = 5
|Kristelig_Folkeparti      = 1
|Senterpartiet             = 5
|Venstre                   = 2
|smallparty                = Xtra-List
|smallparty_no             = Xtra-lista
|smallparty_number         = 4
|smallparty_color          = orange
|}}
{{Kommunestyre table
|name                      = Tvedestrand
|start                     = 2015
|end                       = 2019
|reference                 = <ref name="ssb valg">{{Cite web |title=Table: 04813: Members of the local councils, by party/electoral list at the Municipal Council election (M) |url=https://www.ssb.no/en/statbank/table/04813/ |publisher=Statistics Norway |language=no}}</ref>
|collapsed                 = yes
|Total                     = 25
|Arbeiderpartiet           = 6
|Fremskrittspartiet        = 1
|Høyre                     = 3
|Kristelig_Folkeparti      = 1	
|Senterpartiet             = 4
|Venstre                   = 2
|Grønne                    = 1
|otherparty                = Tvedestrand Cross-party List
|otherparty_no             = Tvedestrand Tverrpolitiske Liste
|otherparty_number         = 7
|}}
{{Kommunestyre table
|name                      = Tvedestrand
|start                     = 2011
|end                       = 2015
|reference                 = <ref>{{Cite web |title=Kommunestyrevalg 2011 – Aust-Agder |url=https://valgresultat.no/valg/2011/ko/aust-agder/tvedestrand#seats |access-date=2020-12-12 |publisher=[[Valgdirektoratet]]}}</ref>
|collapsed                 = yes
|Total                     = 25
|Arbeiderpartiet           = 6
|Fremskrittspartiet        = 1
|Høyre                     = 4
|Kristelig_Folkeparti      = 2
|Senterpartiet             = 3
|Venstre                   = 1
|otherparty                = Tvedestrand Cross-party List
|otherparty_no             = Tvedestrand Tverrpolitiske Liste
|otherparty_number         = 8
|}}
{{Kommunestyre table
|name                      = Tvedestrand
|start                     = 2007
|end                       = 2011
|reference                 = <ref name="ssb valg" />
|collapsed                 = yes
|Total                     = 25
|Arbeiderpartiet           = 4
|Sosialistisk_Venstreparti = 2
|Senterpartiet             = 4
|Kristelig_Folkeparti      = 2
|Venstre                   = 1
|Høyre                     = 5
|otherparty                = Tvedestrand cross-party list
|otherparty_no             = Tvedestrand tverrpolitiske liste
|otherparty_number         = 7
|}}
{{Kommunestyre table
|name                      = Tvedestrand
|start                     = 2003
|end                       = 2007
|reference                 = <ref name="ssb valg" />
|collapsed                 = yes
|Total                     = 25
|Arbeiderpartiet           = 5
|Fremskrittspartiet        = 2
|Høyre                     = 2
|Kristelig_Folkeparti      = 3
|Senterpartiet             = 2
|Sosialistisk_Venstreparti = 3
|otherparty                = Tvedestrand cross-party list
|otherparty_no             = Tvedestrand Tverrpolitiske Liste
|otherparty_number         = 8
|}}
{{Kommunestyre table
|name                      = Tvedestrand
|start                     = 1999
|end                       = 2003
|reference                 = <ref name="ssb valg" />
|collapsed                 = yes
|Total                     = 29
|Arbeiderpartiet           = 6
|Fremskrittspartiet        = 2
|Høyre                     = 4
|Kristelig_Folkeparti      = 5
|Senterpartiet             = 4
|Sosialistisk_Venstreparti = 2
|Venstre                   = 1
|otherparty                = Tvedestrand cross-party list
|otherparty_no             = Tvedestrand tverrpolitisk liste
|otherparty_number         = 5
|}}
{{Kommunestyre table
|name                      = Tvedestrand
|start                     = 1995
|end                       = 1999
|reference                 = <ref>{{Cite web |date=1996 |title=Kommunestyrevalget 1995 |url=https://www.ssb.no/a/histstat/nos/nos_c342.pdf |access-date=2020-12-12 |publisher=Statistisk sentralbyrå |language=no |location=Oslo-Kongsvinger}}</ref>
|collapsed                 = yes
|Total                     = 29
|Arbeiderpartiet           = 7
|Høyre                     = 4
|Kristelig_Folkeparti      = 3
|Senterpartiet             = 5
|Sosialistisk_Venstreparti = 1
|Venstre                   = 1
|otherparty                = Tvedestrand cross-party list
|otherparty_no             = Tvedestrand tverrpolitiske liste 
|otherparty_number         = 8
|}}
{{Kommunestyre table
|name                      = Tvedestrand
|start                     = 1991
|end                       = 1995
|reference                 = <ref>{{Cite web |date=1993 |title=Kommunestyrevalget 1991 |url=https://www.ssb.no/a/histstat/nos/nos_c057.pdf |access-date=2020-12-12 |publisher=Statistisk sentralbyrå |language=no |location=Oslo-Kongsvinger}}</ref>
|collapsed                 = yes
|Total                     = 29
|Arbeiderpartiet           = 7
|Fremskrittspartiet        = 4
|Høyre                     = 5
|Kristelig_Folkeparti      = 3
|Senterpartiet             = 5
|Sosialistisk_Venstreparti = 3
|Venstre                   = 2
|}}
{{Kommunestyre table
|name                      = Tvedestrand
|start                     = 1987
|end                       = 1991
|reference                 = <ref>{{Cite web |date=1988 |title=Kommunestyrevalget 1987 |url=https://www.ssb.no/a/histstat/nos/nos_b765.pdf |access-date=2020-12-12 |publisher=Statistisk sentralbyrå |language=no |location=Oslo-Kongsvinger}}</ref>
|collapsed                 = yes
|Total                     = 29
|Arbeiderpartiet           = 9
|Fremskrittspartiet        = 4
|Høyre                     = 6
|Kristelig_Folkeparti      = 3
|Senterpartiet             = 4
|Sosialistisk_Venstreparti = 1
|DLF/V                     = 2
|}}
{{Kommunestyre table
|name                      = Tvedestrand
|start                     = 1983
|end                       = 1987
|reference                 = <ref>{{Cite web |date=1984 |title=Kommunestyrevalget 1983 |url=https://www.ssb.no/a/histstat/nos/nos_b450.pdf |access-date=2020-12-12 |publisher=Statistisk sentralbyrå |language=no |location=Oslo-Kongsvinger}}</ref>
|collapsed                 = yes
|Total                     = 29
|Arbeiderpartiet           = 10
|DLF                       = 1
|Fremskrittspartiet        = 3
|Høyre                     = 7
|Kristelig_Folkeparti      = 4
|Senterpartiet             = 2
|Venstre                   = 2
|}}
{{Kommunestyre table
|name                      = Tvedestrand
|start                     = 1979
|end                       = 1983
|reference                 = <ref>{{Cite web |date=1979 |title=Kommunestyrevalget 1979 |url=https://www.ssb.no/a/histstat/nos/nos_b093.pdf |access-date=2020-12-12 |publisher=Statistisk sentralbyrå |language=no |location=Oslo}}</ref>
|collapsed                 = yes
|Total                     = 29
|Arbeiderpartiet           = 9
|DLF                       = 1
|Fremskrittspartiet        = 2
|Høyre                     = 8
|Kristelig_Folkeparti      = 4
|Senterpartiet             = 2
|Venstre                   = 3
|}}
{{Kommunestyre table
|name                      = Tvedestrand
|start                     = 1975
|end                       = 1979
|reference                 = <ref>{{Cite web |date=1977 |title=Kommunevalgene 1975 |url=https://www.ssb.no/a/histstat/nos/nos_a769.pdf |access-date=2020-12-12 |publisher=Statistisk sentralbyrå |language=no |location=Oslo}}</ref>
|collapsed                 = yes
|Total                     = 29
|Arbeiderpartiet           = 9
|DLF/V                     = 3
|Høyre                     = 8
|Kristelig_Folkeparti      = 6
|Senterpartiet             = 3
|}}
{{Kommunestyre table
|name                      = Tvedestrand
|start                     = 1971
|end                       = 1975
|reference                 = <ref>{{Cite web |date=1973 |title=Kommunevalgene 1972 |url=https://www.ssb.no/a/histstat/nos/nos_a457.pdf |access-date=2020-12-12 |publisher=Statistisk sentralbyrå |language=no |location=Oslo}}</ref>
|collapsed                 = yes
|Total                     = 29
|Arbeiderpartiet           = 11
|Høyre                     = 5
|Kristelig_Folkeparti      = 4
|Senterpartiet             = 4
|Venstre                   = 5
|}}
{{Kommunestyre table
|name                      = Tvedestrand
|start                     = 1967
|end                       = 1971
|reference                 = <ref>{{Cite web |date=1967 |title=Kommunevalgene 1967 |url=https://www.ssb.no/a/histstat/nos/nos_a214.pdf |access-date=2020-12-12 |publisher=Statistisk sentralbyrå |language=no |location=Oslo |volume=I}}</ref>
|collapsed                 = yes
|Total                     = 37
|Arbeiderpartiet           = 13
|Høyre                     = 9
|Kristelig_Folkeparti      = 5
|Senterpartiet             = 4
|Venstre                   = 6
|}}
{{Kommunestyre table
|name                      = Tvedestrand
|start                     = 1963
|end                       = 1967
|reference                 = <ref>{{Cite web |date=1964 |title=Kommunevalgene 1963 |url=https://www.ssb.no/a/histstat/nos/nos_xii_138.pdf |access-date=2020-12-12 |publisher=Statistisk sentralbyrå |language=no |location=Oslo}}</ref>
|collapsed                 = yes
|Total                     = 37
|Arbeiderpartiet           = 14
|Høyre                     = 8
|Kristelig_Folkeparti      = 4
|Senterpartiet             = 4
|Venstre                   = 7
|}}
{{Kommunestyre table
|name                      = Tvedestrand
|start                     = 1959
|end                       = 1963
|reference                 = <ref>{{Cite web |date=1960 |title=Kommunevalgene og Ordførervalgene 1959 |url=https://www.ssb.no/a/histstat/nos/nos_xii_022.pdf |access-date=2020-12-12 |publisher=Statistisk sentralbyrå |language=no |location=Oslo}}</ref>
|collapsed                 = yes
|Total                     = 37
|Arbeiderpartiet           = 13
|Høyre                     = 7
|Kristelig_Folkeparti      = 4
|Senterpartiet             = 4
|Venstre                   = 8
|Local_Lists               = 1
|}}
{{Kommunestyre table
|name                      = Tvedestrand
|city                      = yes
|start                     = 1955
|end                       = 1959
|reference                 = <ref>{{Cite web |date=1957 |title=Kommunevalgene og Ordførervalgene 1955 |url=https://www.ssb.no/a/histstat/nos/nos_xi_252.pdf |access-date=2020-12-12 |publisher=Statistisk sentralbyrå |language=no |location=Oslo}}</ref>
|collapsed                 = yes
|Total                     = 21
|Arbeiderpartiet           = 5
|Høyre                     = 8
|Borgerlige_Felleslister   = 6
|Local_Lists               = 2
|}}
{{Kommunestyre table
|name                      = Tvedestrand
|city                      = yes
|start                     = 1951
|end                       = 1955
|reference                 = <ref>{{Cite web |date=1952 |title=Kommunevalgene og Ordførervalgene 1951 |url=https://www.ssb.no/a/histstat/nos/nos_xi_120.pdf |access-date=2020-12-12 |publisher=Statistisk sentralbyrå |language=no |location=Oslo}}</ref>
|collapsed                 = yes
|Total                     = 20
|Arbeiderpartiet           = 5
|Høyre                     = 8
|Venstre                   = 5
|Local_Lists               = 2
|}}
{{Kommunestyre table
|name                      = Tvedestrand
|city                      = yes
|start                     = 1947
|end                       = 1951
|reference                 = <ref>{{Cite web |date=1948 |title=Kommunevalgene og Ordførervalgene 1947 |url=https://www.ssb.no/a/histstat/nos/nos_x_165.pdf |access-date=2020-12-12 |publisher=Statistisk sentralbyrå |language=no |location=Oslo}}</ref>
|collapsed                 = yes
|Total                     = 20
|Arbeiderpartiet           = 6
|Borgerlige_Felleslister   = 14
|}}
{{Kommunestyre table
|name                      = Tvedestrand
|city                      = yes
|start                     = 1945
|end                       = 1947
|reference                 = <ref>{{Cite web |date=1947 |title=Kommunevalgene og Ordførervalgene 1945 |url=https://www.ssb.no/a/histstat/nos/nos_x_133.pdf |access-date=2020-12-12 |publisher=Statistisk sentralbyrå |language=no |location=Oslo}}</ref>
|collapsed                 = yes
|Total                     = 20
|Arbeiderpartiet           = 7
|Borgerlige_Felleslister   = 7
|Local_Lists               = 6
|}}
{{Kommunestyre table
|name                      = Tvedestrand
|city                      = yes
|start                     = 1937
|end                       = 1941* 
|reference                 = <ref>{{Cite web |date=1938 |title=Kommunevalgene og Ordførervalgene 1937 |url=https://www.ssb.no/a/histstat/nos/nos_ix_133.pdf |access-date=2020-12-12 |publisher=Statistisk sentralbyrå |language=no |location=Oslo}}</ref>
|collapsed                 = yes
|Total                     = 20
|Høyre                     = 10
|Arbeiderpartiet           = 3
|Local_Lists               = 7
|}}
{{Kommunestyre table
|name                      = Tvedestrand
|city                      = yes
|start                     = 1934
|end                       = 1937 
|reference                 = <ref>{{Cite web |date=1935 |title=Kommunevalgene og Ordførervalgene 1934 |url=https://www.ssb.no/a/histstat/nos/nos_ix_057.pdf |access-date=2020-12-12 |publisher=Statistisk sentralbyrå |language=no |location=Oslo}}</ref>
|collapsed                 = yes
|Total                     = 20
|Borgerlige_Felleslister   = 17
|Arbeiderpartiet           = 3
|}}
{{div col end}}

===Mayors===
The [[Mayor#Scandinavia|mayors]] ({{langx|no|ordfører}}) of Tvedestrand:
{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
* 1838-1840: Christian Holm 
* 1841-1842: Mads H. Smith 
* 1843-1846: Christian Holm 
* 1847-1848: Mads H. Smith 
* 1849-1849: Even Jørgensen 
* 1850-1851: Henrik Schäffer 
* 1852-1852: Even Jørgensen 
* 1853-1853: Mads H. Smith 
* 1854-1856: Johannes Holm 
* 1857-1864: S. Lund 
* 1865-1882: Fritz Smith 
* 1882-1885: A.M. Arntsen 
* 1886-1894: Ole Reiersen Lilleholt ([[Liberal Party (Norway)|V]])
* 1894-1895: Severin Jorkjend 
* 1896-1896: Andreas Biering Olsen 
* 1897-1897: Godtfred Milberg 
* 1898-1898: Andreas Biering Olsen 
* 1899-1900: Lars Grundesen 
* 1901-1904: Th. Hegland 
* 1905-1906: Godtfred Milberg 
* 1906-1909: Peder Christoffersen 
* 1909-1910: Sv. Svensen 
* 1910-1910: A.H. Grundesen 
* 1911-1917: Jakob Ørbæk 
* 1918-1919: A.H. Lindland 
* 1920-1923: Johan W. Wroldsen  
* 1924-1925: Kristen Bråten 
* 1926-1930: Andreas Bjelland 
* 1931-1931: Johan W. Wroldsen  
* 1932-1934: Andorf Bjørnlund 
* 1935-1940: Arnfinn Eskild 
* 1945-1945: Halvor Slotta 
* 1946-1946: Oluf Olsen 
* 1947-1947: Birger Jorkjend 
* 1948-1949: Egil Eide 
* 1950-1954: Arnold Jorkjend 
* 1955-1955: Egil Rosland 
* 1956-1957: Olaf R. Walle 
* 1958-1959: Egil Rosland 
* 1960–1967: Albert Albretsen ([[Liberal Party (Norway)|V]])
* 1968–1971: [[Jens Marcussen]] ([[Conservative Party (Norway)|H]])
* 1972–1973: Albert Albretsen ([[Liberal Party (Norway)|V]])
* 1974–1979: Erich Mørch ([[Conservative Party (Norway)|H]])
* 1980–1983: Per B. Marcussen ([[Conservative Party (Norway)|H]])
* 1984–1987: Karl Løhaugen ([[Christian Democratic Party (Norway)|KrF]])
* 1988–1991: Per Tveite ([[Centre Party (Norway)|Sp]])
* 1992–1995: May Britt Lunde ([[Labour Party (Norway)|Ap]])
* 1995–2003: Torleif Haugland ([[Christian Democratic Party (Norway)|KrF]])
* 2003-2019: Jan Dukene ([[Bygdeliste|LL]])
* 2019-present: Marianne Landaas ([[Conservative Party (Norway)|H]])
{{div col end}}

==Geography==
Tvedestrand municipality lies between the towns of [[Arendal (town)|Arendal]] to the southwest and [[Risør (town)|Risør]] to the northeast. The municipality also borders the municipalities of [[Arendal]], [[Risør]], [[Froland]], [[Åmli]], and [[Vegårshei]].

Tvedestrand belongs to the geographical region of [[Southern Norway|Sørlandet]] in the [[Østre Agder]] area of [[Agder]] county. The town itself lies at the end of a picturesque fjord, [[Tvedestrandfjorden]], which is the name for the inner part of the [[Oksefjorden (Aust-Agder)|Oksefjorden]] (originally ''Ufsefjorden'', meaning the fjord with steep, rocky sides). The municipality also encompasses the islands [[Borøya, Aust-Agder|Borøy]], [[Sandøya, Aust-Agder|Sandøy]], and [[Askerøya]] as well as the unique village of [[Lyngør]] which lies on several small islands. Lyngør was acclaimed "Europe's best preserved village" by [[Europa Nostra]] in 1991. [[Lyngør Lighthouse]] is located by the village. Tvedestrand municipality includes 162 islands, with a collected coastline of {{convert|214|km}}.

The river Storelva, one of the Southern Coast's best salmon and sea trout rivers, flows past the [[Næs jernverk]] and ultimately out into the [[Sandnesfjorden]].

==Climate==
Tvedestrand has a temperate oceanic climate (Cfb, marine west coast), with autumn as the wettest season and spring as the driest. The weather station in Lyngør, about {{convert|13|km}} from the [[Tvedestrand (town)|town of Tvedestrand]], has been recording since 1920. The all-time high at Lyngør lighthouse is  {{convert|29.8|C}} from 12. August 1975.
{{Weather box 
|width=auto
|metric first = yes
|single line  = yes
|location     = Lyngør lighthouse 1991-2020 (4 m)
|Jan high C = 3
|Feb high C = 3
|Mar high C = 5
|Apr high C = 10
|May high C = 14
|Jun high C = 18
|Jul high C = 20
|Aug high C = 19
|Sep high C = 16
|Oct high C = 12
|Nov high C = 7
|Dec high C = 4 
<!-- Mean daily temperature -->
| Jan mean C = 1.2
| Feb mean C = 0.7
| Mar mean C = 2.6
| Apr mean C = 6.1
| May mean C = 10.8
| Jun mean C = 14.7
| Jul mean C = 17
| Aug mean C = 16.8
| Sep mean C = 13.5
| Oct mean C = 8.9
| Nov mean C = 5.1
| Dec mean C = 2.1
|year mean C = 
|Jan low C = 0
|Feb low C = -1
|Mar low C = 1
|Apr low C = 4
|May low C = 8
|Jun low C = 12
|Jul low C = 15
|Aug low C = 14
|Sep low C = 11
|Oct low C = 7
|Nov low C = 4
|Dec low C = 1
<!-- Total precipitation, this should include rain and snow. -->
|precipitation colour = green<!-- Enter "green" for green precipitation colours, remove this line for blue colouring. -->
| Jan precipitation mm = 85.7
| Feb precipitation mm = 61.2
| Mar precipitation mm = 58.5
| Apr precipitation mm = 51.7
| May precipitation mm = 66.9
| Jun precipitation mm = 66.9
| Jul precipitation mm = 80.5
| Aug precipitation mm = 108.3
| Sep precipitation mm = 102.4
| Oct precipitation mm = 130.3
| Nov precipitation mm = 114.2
| Dec precipitation mm = 90.7
|year precipitation mm = 
<!-- Mandatory fields, source -->
|source 1= Norwegian Meteorological Institute/yr.no<ref>{{Cite web |title=yr.no |url=https://www.yr.no/en/statistics/table/5-35860/Norway/Agder/Tvedestrand/Lyng%C3%B8r%20fyr?q=last-13-months |publisher=Norwegian Meteorological Institute}}</ref>|
source 2= Weatheronline<ref>{{Cite web |title=Weatheronline Lyngør (avg high/low) |url=https://www.weatheronline.co.uk/weather/maps/city?LANG=en&PLZ=_____&PLZN=_____&WMO=01467&CONT=euro&R=0&LEVEL=162&REGION=0004&LAND=NO&MOD=tab&ART=TMX&NOREGION=1&FMM=1&FYY=2004&LMM=12&LYY=2020}}</ref>
}}

===Geology===
A number of rare minerals are found in Tvedestrand:
* [[Sunstone]], a rare [[feldspar]] exhibiting in certain directions a [[aventurescence|brilliant spangled appearance]], which has led to its use as a [[gemstone]].
* A rare [[yttrium]] [[phosphate]] [[mineral]] [[Xenotime]].
* [[Thulite]] (also called '''rosaline'''), an opaque, massive pink variety of the mineral [[zoisite]].

==Attractions==
[[File:Naesverk2.jpg|thumb|right|Næs verk]]
*The 18th century [[Næs jernverk]] are {{convert|7|km}} from the town center.
*Tvedestrand is recognized as a [[book town]], a small village with a large number of second-hand or antiquarian [[bookselling|book shop]]s.
*Interesting Places in Tvedestrand municipality:
** [[Lyngør]], a cluster of offshore islands which have been described as the '[[Skagerrak]] Venice' and proclaimed by the European Commission to be “Europe’s best preserved village.”
** [[Sagesund]] village
** [[Sandøya, Aust-Agder|Sandøya]] island, including the villages of [[Kilen, Aust-Agder|Kilen]] and [[Klåholmen]]
** [[Borøya, Aust-Agder|Borøya]] island

==Notable people==
[[File:Knudknudsen.jpg|upright=0.65|thumb|Knud Knudsen]]
[[File:Gina Lund - Arbeiderpartiet.jpg|upright=0.65|thumb|Gina Lund, 2012]]
* [[Peder Johnsen]] (1783 in Tvedestrand – 1836), a sailor who was a representative at the [[Norwegian Constituent Assembly]]
* [[Knud Knudsen (linguist)|Knud Knudsen]] (1812 in Tvedestrand – 1895), an educator, author, linguist, and philologist
* [[Elise Wærenskjold]] (1815 in Dypvåg – 1895), a Norwegian-American writer, temperance leader, and early pioneer in Texas
* [[Erik Eriksen (explorer)|Erik Eriksen]] (1820 in Lyngør - 1888), a polar captain
* [[Arne Garborg]] (1851–1924), an [[author]] who founded and edited the ''[[Tvedestrandsposten]]'' [[newspaper]] (still published in 2019)
* [[Jens Holmboe (botanist)|Jens Holmboe]] (1880 in Tvedestrand – 1943), a botanist, professor, and author
* [[Theo Findahl]] (1891 in Tvedestrand – 1976), a teacher, journalist, and foreign correspondent
* [[Alfred Engelsen]] (1893 – 1966 in Tvedestrand), a gymnast and diver who was team gold medallist at the [[1912 Summer Olympics]]
* [[Kristian Vilhelm Koren Schjelderup Jr.]] (1894 in Dypvåg – 1980), a Norwegian Lutheran theologian, author, and bishop of the [[Diocese of Hamar]] 1947 to 1964
* [[Harald K. Schjelderup]] (1895 in Dypvåg – 1974), a physicist, philosopher, and psychologist; Norway's first professor of psychology 
* [[Rolv Werner Erichsen]] (1899 in Holt – 1988), a newspaper editor
* [[Trond Bergh]] (born 1946 in Tvedestrand), a economic historian, writer, and academic
* [[Ketil Bjørnstad]] (born 1952), a pianist, composer, and author who lived in Tvedestrand in the 1970s and 1980s (his psychological thriller ''Twilight'' is based there)
* [[Gina Lund]] (born 1962), a civil servant and politician who was brought up in Tvedestrand
* [[Jenny Hval]] (born 1980), a singer-songwriter, record producer, musician, and novelist<ref>{{IMDb name|6855698|Jenny Hval}}. Retrieved 01 January 2021.</ref>

==International relations==
{{Main|List of twin towns and sister cities in Norway}}

===Twin towns — Sister cities===
The following cities are [[twin towns and sister cities|twinned]] with Tvedestrand:<ref>{{Cite web |title=Vennskapskommuner |url=http://www.tvedestrand.kommune.no/www/vennskapskommuner.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070724130156/http://www.tvedestrand.kommune.no/www/vennskapskommuner.htm |archive-date=24 July 2007 |access-date=4 March 2009 |publisher=Tvedestrand kommune |language=no}}</ref>
* {{flagicon|SWE}} '''[[Lysekil Municipality|Lysekil]]''', [[Västra Götaland County]], [[Sweden]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category|Tvedestrand}}
{{wiktionary|Tvedestrand}}
{{Wikivoyage|Aust-Agder}}
*[http://ssb.no/kommunefakta/tvedestrand Municipal fact sheet] from [[Statistics Norway]] {{in lang|no}}
*[http://www.tvedestrand.kommune.no/ Tvedestrand municipality site] {{in lang|no}}
*[http://www.norwaydirect.co.uk/southern-norway/tvedestrand.asp A UK site on Tvedestrand municipality]
*[http://www.mindat.org/loc-12430.html Information on minerals in Tvedestrand]
*[http://www.norway.com/directories/d_map.asp?id=22064&lang=44 A map of Tvedestrand municipality] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060117215822/http://www.norway.com/directories/d_map.asp?id=22064&lang=44 |date=17 January 2006 }}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20060127083153/http://www.museumsnett.no/jernverksmuseet/engelsk.html The museum at Næs Jernverks]
*[http://www.reuber-norwegen.de/AustAgder/FramesAustAgderKarte.html Map of Aust-Agder including Tvedestrand municipality] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160406055419/http://www.reuber-norwegen.de/AustAgder/FramesAustAgderKarte.html |date=6 April 2016 }} {{in lang|de}}
*[http://www.boroy.com/ The island of Borøya] {{in lang|no}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20050405144117/http://www.tvedestrand.kommune.no/kystkulturuka/ Culture]  {{in lang|no}}
*[http://www.tvedestrandsposten.no/ The newspaper Garborg founded]  {{in lang|no}}

{{Agder}}
{{authority control}}
{{use dmy dates|date=December 2020}}

[[Category:Tvedestrand| ]]
[[Category:Municipalities of Agder]]
[[Category:1838 establishments in Norway]]