Editing Tuxedo Park, New York

{{Use American English|date=January 2025}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=May 2024}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name               = Tuxedo Park, New York
| settlement_type    = [[Village (New York)|Village]]
| nickname           = 
| motto              = <!-- Images -->
| image_skyline      = 
| imagesize          = 
| image_caption      = 
| image_flag         = 
| image_seal         = <!-- Maps -->
| image_map          = Orange County New York incorporated and unincorporated areas Tuxedo Park highlighted.svg
| mapsize            = 260px
| map_caption        = Location in [[New York (state)|the state of New York]] and in [[Orange County, New York|Orange County]]

<!-- Location -->| subdivision_type   = Country
| subdivision_name   = United States
| subdivision_type1  = State
| subdivision_name1  = [[New York (state)|New York]]
| subdivision_type2  = [[List of counties in New York|County]]
| subdivision_name2  = [[Orange County, New York|Orange]]
| subdivision_type3  = [[List of towns in New York|Town]]
| subdivision_name3  = [[Tuxedo, New York|Tuxedo]]
| government_footnotes = 
| government_type    = 
| leader_title       = Mayor
| leader_name        = Marc D. Citrin
| leader_title1      = 
| leader_name1       = 
| established_title  = 
| established_date   = <!-- Area -->
| unit_pref          = Imperial
| area_footnotes     = <ref name="TigerWebMapServer">{{cite web|title=ArcGIS REST Services Directory|url=https://tigerweb.geo.census.gov/arcgis/rest/services/TIGERweb/Places_CouSub_ConCity_SubMCD/MapServer|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=September 20, 2022}}</ref>
| area_magnitude     = 
| area_total_km2     = 8.35
| area_land_km2      = 6.88
| area_water_km2     = 1.46
| area_total_sq_mi   = 3.22
| area_land_sq_mi    = 2.66
| area_water_sq_mi   = 0.57

<!-- Population -->| population_as_of   = [[2020 United States census|2020]]
| population_footnotes = 
| population_total   = 645
| population_density_km2 = 93.73
| population_density_sq_mi = 242.75

<!-- General information -->| timezone           = [[Eastern Time Zone|Eastern (EST)]]
| utc_offset         = −5
| timezone_DST       = EDT
| utc_offset_DST     = −4
| elevation_footnotes = 
| elevation_m        = 124
| elevation_ft       = 407
| coordinates        = {{coord|41|12|5|N|74|12|6|W|region:US_type:city|display=inline,title}}
| postal_code_type   = [[ZIP Code]]
| postal_code        = 10987
| area_code          = [[Area code 845|845]]
| blank_name         = [[Federal Information Processing Standards|FIPS code]]
| blank_info         = 36-75803
| blank1_name        = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID
| blank1_info        = 0968011
| website            = {{ofurl}}
| footnotes          = {{Infobox NRHP
| embed        = yes
| name         =
| nrhp_type    = hd
| nocat        = yes
| location     = Tuxedo Park, New York
| locmapin     = New York#USA
| built        = 1886
| architect    = [[Bruce Price]]<br />[[McKim, Mead & White]]<br />[[Russell Sturgis]]
| architecture = [[Tudor Revival architecture|Tudor Revival]], [[Italianate architecture|Italianate]], [[Queen Anne style architecture in the United States|Queen Anne]]
| added        = March 13, 1980
| refnum       = 80002740<ref name="nris">{{NRISref|2008a}}</ref>
}}
| pop_est_as_of      = 
| pop_est_footnotes  = 
| population_est     = 
}}

'''Tuxedo Park''' is a [[Administrative divisions of New York#Village|village]] in [[Orange County, New York]], United States. Its population was 645 at the [[2020 United States census|2020 census]]. It is part of the [[Kiryas Joel–Poughkeepsie–Newburgh metropolitan area]] as well as the larger [[New York metropolitan area]]. Its name is derived from an indigenous Lenape word ptukwsiit (Munsee dialect) or tùkwsit (Unami dialect), meaning "round foot" or Wolf Clan.<ref name=":0" /> While there exists an alternate theory regarding the Munsee word ''{{lang|umu|p'tuxseepu}}'', which is said to mean 'crooked water'<ref name=":0">{{cite book |last= Pritchard |first=Evan T. |date=2002 |title= Native New Yorkers: The Legacy of the Algonquin People of New York|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=c5hky9f5PgoC&q=Lenape+tuxedo+%22crooked+water%22&pg=PA455 |location=San Francisco|publisher=Council Oak Books |page=455 |isbn=1-57178-107-2}}</ref> or 'crooked river',<ref>{{cite book |last=Bright |first=William  |date=2013 |title=Native American Placenames of the Southwest: A Handbook for Travelers |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mkJb4K775nQC&q=%22tuxedo%22+%22crooked+water%22&pg=PT153 |location=Norman, Oklahoma |publisher=University of Oklahoma Press |page=Tuskegee-Una Vida, Pueblo |isbn=978-0-8061-2444-5 }}</ref> the Unami name for this location survives to this day: tùkwsitu, "place of the Wolf-Clan People".<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Lenape Talking Dictionary {{!}} Detailed Entry View - place of wolf clan people, Tuxedo NY |url=https://talk-lenape.org/detail?id=17999 |access-date=2025-03-21 |website=talk-lenape.org}}</ref>

Tuxedo Park is a [[Gated community|gated]] village in the southern part of the town of [[Tuxedo, New York|Tuxedo]], near [[New York State Route 17|New York Route 17]] and the [[New York State Thruway]].

The evening dress for men now popularly known as a ''[[tuxedo]]'' takes its name from Tuxedo Park. It was brought there by James Brown Potter, who was introduced to the garment, which is called a [[dinner jacket]] in England, by the Prince of Wales (later [[Edward VII]]).<ref>[http://www.tpfyi.com/events/JES-PRINCE%20&%20MRS.%20POTTER003.pdf The Prince and the Potter]</ref><ref>While some sources have attributed the tuxedo's origin to Pierre Lorillard's son Griswold, that account apparently refers instead to a [[mess jacket]].[http://www.blacktieguide.com/History/04-Victorian_Late_Etiquette_&_DJ.htm The Black Tie Guide -- Late Victorian Era (Pt 1): Dinner Jacket Debut]</ref>

==History==
The park is in the [[Ramapo Mountains]]. In the colonial era, it acquired a reputation for undeveloped iron deposits. In consequence, a company formed in England and headed by [[William Alexander, Lord Stirling]], acquired a large tract in the neighborhood. The company built furnaces near Ringwood and opened mines on the Ramapo River near Sterling Lake. [[Pierre Lorillard II]] acquired the company and its land holdings in 1790. Once the iron deposits were depleted, the land was used for lumbering.

What is now the village and the areas immediately surrounding it were first developed as a private hunting-and-fishing reserve by [[Pierre Lorillard IV]] in 1885. At that time it became known as "Tuxedo Park". Lorillard IV initially built small cottages, renting or selling them to his friends and family. The project grew so popular that he organized the [[Tuxedo Club]] and the Tuxedo Park Association, and surrounded the property with a high game fence. This fence fairly accurately marked the present boundaries of the area restricted to use of the residents of Tuxedo Park. In 1924 the Tuxedo Securities Corporation acquired from the Estate of Peter Lorillard, deceased, all of the stock of the Tuxedo Park Association.

[[File:Wm Kent Cottage Tuxedo Park NY 1886 Bruce Price.jpg|thumb|right|William Kent cottage (1885–86, demolished), [[Bruce Price]], architect]]
[[File:W. Chanler Cottage Tuxedo Park NY 1886 Bruce Price.jpg|thumb|right|W. Chanler cottage (1885–86), [[Bruce Price]], architect]]
The original clubhouse, designed by [[Bruce Price]], was built in 1886 and was then replaced by a second clubhouse in 1928, which was designed by [[John Russell Pope]]. This building was destroyed by fire in 1943, and was partially rebuilt soon thereafter.

The [[shingle style]] cottages Price built at Tuxedo, with their compact massing and axial plans influenced [[Modern architecture|Modernist]] architects, including [[Frank Lloyd Wright]]. [[Queen Anne style architecture in the United States|Queen Anne]] architecture with Tudor elements became popular for residences.<ref>{{cite web | title=Bruce Price | work=Great Buildings Online | url=http://www.greatbuildings.com/architects/Bruce_Price.html | access-date=December 17, 2005 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=Price, Bruce | work=Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online | url=http://www.biographi.ca/009004-119.01-e.php?&id_nbr=7003 | access-date=December 17, 2005 }}</ref>

Tuxedo Park enjoyed many prosperous years from 1885 until the 1920s. ''The Blue Book of Etiquette'' was written by [[Emily Post]], who was the daughter of [[Bruce Price]]. She wrote the book based on what she observed inside the great stone gates of Tuxedo. Other Tuxedo notables from that era include:
* Grenville Kane – banker, heir, and longtime resident
* [[Dorothy Draper]] – interior designer
* Adele Colgate – heir to the [[Colgate-Palmolive|Colgate/Palmolive]] fortune
* Fernando Yznaga<ref>{{cite news|last1=Browning|first1=C.H.|title=Americans of Royal Descent|year=1883|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2i0BAAAAQAAJ&q=Natica+Yznaga&pg=PA119|access-date=July 15, 2015}}</ref> – banker; brother of [[Consuelo Yznaga, Duchess of Manchester]]<ref>{{cite news|title=LORD MANDEVILLE'S WEDDING.; |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1876/05/23/archives/lord-mandevilles-wedding-a-brilliant-affair-at-grace-church-lord.html|access-date=July 12, 2015|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=May 23, 1876 }}, Retrieved December 5, 2012.</ref>
* [[George Fisher Baker]] – banker
* [[J. P. Morgan]] – banker
* [[Alfred Lee Loomis]] – investment banker, scientist
* [[William Waldorf Astor]]
* [[Herbert C. Pell]]
* [[Augustus Juilliard]]
* [[Millicent Rogers]]
* [[James Whitmore]]
[[File:St. Mary's front view cropped.jpg|thumb|[[St. Mary's-in-Tuxedo|St. Mary's-in-Tuxedo Episcopal Church]] (1888), [[William Appleton Potter]], architect]]
During the 1920s a new hospital and a high school were built through the generosity of a few Tuxedo Park residents, including [[John Insley Blair]]. In the years following the [[Great Depression]], however, Tuxedo Park lost many of its [[socialite]]s and wealthy inhabitants, but attracted a few new ones, as well. One of the new residences was built by [[Angier Biddle Duke]], (cousin to [[Doris Duke]]), whose father-in-law, George Baker St. George, was an original resident of Tuxedo. St. George purchased and built for Duke and his wife, Priscilla St George, a new estate, "Duck Hollow". Duck Hollow was the last built estate in Tuxedo Park by the old "[[Nobility|blue blood]] elite". While Duke and his wife were traveling abroad, as most elites did at that time, St. George had landscape architect [[Arthur P. Kroll]] landscape the property. By the time the Dukes returned from Europe, the property had been transformed and appeared to have been there for over 100 years.

The area known as Tuxedo Park separated from the Town of Tuxedo and became incorporated in 1952, adopting the village form of government.  Today it includes {{convert|2,050|acre|km2}}, of which {{convert|355|acre|km2}} includes three lakes, and about 330 housing units in 340 structures. Other newer housing developments outside of the gated Village of Tuxedo Park but in the Town of Tuxedo include the Tuxedo Heights Condominiums in Southfields built in 1971 on the site of a former bed factory, the Mountain View Apartments near the Sloatsburg line, and The Woodlands at Tuxedo (townhomes HOA) in the Eagle Valley section. The former private mansion residence of Loomis of [[Alfred Lee Loomis]] is sometimes referred to as the Loomis Laboratory,<ref>Conant, Jennet, [[iarchive:tuxedopark00jenn|''Tuxedo Park: A Wall Street Tycoon and the Secret Palace of Science That Changed the Course of World War II'']],  New York : Simon & Schuster, (2002). {{ISBN|0-684-87287-0}}</ref> and it is now private rental apartments inside the Village of Tuxedo Park.

Outside of the gated Village of Tuxedo Park, in the Town of Tuxedo were the former [[Red Apple Rest]], and the Sterling Forest Ski Center, aka Tuxedo Ridge Ski Resort.  This former ski property is home to the [[New York Renaissance Faire|New York Renaissance Festival]] and various sporting events including Spartan Races.  Also in the Town of Tuxedo is a former [[International Paper]] Research Center today owned and occupied by Watchtower Organization. Just outside the gates of Tuxedo Park is the Hamlet of The Town of Tuxedo, which consists of numerous historic structures built around the time of the original Tuxedo Park development. Historic buildings include the Tuxedo Train station (Metro-North stop Tuxedo), the Tuxedo Park Library (designed by Bruce Price), and the Tuxedo Park Post Office and Our Lady of Mt. Carmel Catholic Church.

In recognition of its [[historic preservation|historical]] and architectural significance, the historic district was listed as '''Tuxedo Park''' on the [[National Register of Historic Places]] on March 13, 1980.<ref name="nris"/> In 1982 the designation was officially presented to Mrs. Joan Richardsson Alleman, Co-Chairman of the Tuxedo Conservation and Taxpayers Association, at the Washington's Headquarters State Historic Site in nearby Newburgh, NY. The designation was presented by Oren Lehman, Commissioner of Parks, Recreation, and Historic Preservation and is displayed at the Tuxedo Park Village Office.

==Geography==
Tuxedo Park is at {{Coord|41|12|5|N|74|12|6|W|}} (41.201461, -74.201668).<ref name="GR1">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/geographies/reference-files/time-series/geo/gazetteer-files.html|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=April 23, 2011|date=February 12, 2011|title=US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990}}</ref>

According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the village has an area of {{convert|3.2|sqmi|km2}}, of which {{convert|2.7|sqmi|km2}} is land and {{convert|0.6|sqmi|km2}} (17.03%) is water.

The village is in Orange County near its border with [[Rockland County, New York|Rockland County]], in the Ramapo Mountains.

The New York State Thruway ([[Interstate 87 (New York)|Interstate 87]]) and New York State Route 17 pass east of the village, which is north of [[Sloatsburg, New York|Sloatsburg]].

[[Sterling Forest State Park]] is west of the village, and [[Harriman State Park (New York)|Harriman State Park]] is to the east.

Within the confines of the village are three lakes: Tuxedo Lake is the largest by far of the three and serves as the village reservoir, while the smaller Weewah Lake and Pond #2 serve as purely recreational bodies of water. No swimming or power-boating is allowed in Tuxedo Lake in order to retain optimal water quality.

==Demographics==
{{US Census population
|1960= 723
|1970= 861
|1980= 809
|1990= 706
|2000= 731
|2010= 623
|2020= 645
|footnote=U.S. Decennial Census<ref name="DecennialCensus">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html|title=Census of Population and Housing|publisher=Census.gov|access-date=June 4, 2015}}</ref>
}}
As of the census<ref name="GR2">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=January 31, 2008|title=U.S. Census website}}</ref> of 2000, there were 731 people, 291 households, and 215 families residing in the village. The population density was {{convert|272.9|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. There were 363 housing units at an average density of {{convert|135.5|/sqmi|/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. The racial makeup of the village was 94.4% [[White (U.S. Census)|white]], 0.7% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 0.1% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 2.2% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 0.3% from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], and 2.3% from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 5.1% of the population.

There were 291 households, out of which 29.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 63.9% were married couples living together, 8.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 26.1% were non-families. 21.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.51 and the average family size was 2.88.

In the village, the age distribution of the population shows 22.2% under the age of 18, 5.1% from 18 to 24, 23.3% from 25 to 44, 37.3% from 45 to 64, and 12.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 45 years. For every 100 females, there were 98.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.9 males.

The median income for a household in the village was $91,820, and the median income for a family was $102,056. Males had a median income of $70,536 versus $46,250 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the village was $63,538. About 1.9% of families and 4.4% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 2.7% of those under age 18 and none of those age 65 or over.
<gallery>
Image:Henry W Poor house.jpg|Mansion of Henry W. Poor (of [[Standard & Poor's]]), 1903.
Image:Clemens at Tuxedo NY.jpg|[[Mark Twain]] at the Voss cottage, 1907.
</gallery>

==Education==
It is in the [[Tuxedo Union Free School District]].<!--UNI 29190--><ref name=SDMap2020>{{cite map|author=Geography Division|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/DC2020/PL20/st36_ny/schooldistrict_maps/c36071_orange/DC20SD_C36071.pdf|title=2020 CENSUS - SCHOOL DISTRICT REFERENCE MAP: Orange County, NY|publisher=[[U.S. Census Bureau]]|date=January 12, 2021|access-date=July 21, 2022}} - [https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/DC2020/PL20/st36_ny/schooldistrict_maps/c36071_orange/DC20SD_C36071_SD2MS.txt Text list]</ref>

==Notable people==
* [[Albert Einstein]], theoretical physicist
* [[Dorothy Draper]], American designer, interior decorator
* [[Thibaut de Saint Phalle]], American investment banker, former director of the [[Export–Import Bank of the United States]]
* [[Sutton Foster]], actress, dancer, and singer
* [[Fred Gwynne]], actor
* [[Alfred Lee Loomis]], attorney, investment banker, scientist, physicist, inventor of the [[LORAN]], funded [[RADAR]] development before the government funded it
* [[Charles E. Mitchell]] (October 6, 1877 – December 14, 1955), an American banker whose incautious [[securities]] policies facilitated the [[speculation]] which led to the [[Crash of 1929]]
* [[Ambrose Monell]], American industrialist, former president of [[International Nickel Company]] and namesake of the [[Monel]] alloy
* [[Charles Coudert Nast]], attorney and U.S. Army major general<ref name="Cards">{{cite web |url=https://www.ancestry.com/sharing/10307047?mark=7b22746f6b656e223a2245667755794a567048657a5170444a35725354544245634861706131725546715363654b68387a644a71593d222c22746f6b656e5f76657273696f6e223a225632227d |title=New York Military Service Cards, 1816-1979, Entry for Charles Coudert Nast |date=1981 |website=[[Ancestry.com]] |publisher=Ancestry.com, LLC |location=Lehi, UT |access-date=February 24, 2024 |url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref name="Chief">{{cite news |date=January 11, 1981 |title=Charles C. Nast, 77, Dies; Ex-Chief of 42d Infantry |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1981/01/11/nyregion/charles-c-nast-77-dies-ex-chief-of-42d-infantry.html |work=[[The New York Times]] |location=New York, NY |page=Section 1, Page 34 |via=[[TimesMachine]]}}</ref>
* [[Howard Shore]], composer
* [[Katharine St. George]], former US Congressman
* [[John F. White|John F. (Jack) White]], president of National Educational Television and the Cooper Union for the Advancement of Science and Art
* [[Katherine Rosman]], a reporter for the ''[[New York Times]]''
* [[Gary Parr]], investment banker
* [[Henry Varnum Poor]], founder of [[S&P Global Ratings|Standard & Poor’s]]
* [[Guy Spier]], hedge fund manager

== Notable locations ==

* Jehovah's Witnesses World Headquarters<ref>{{Cite web |title=Visitors & Tours: Jehovah's Witnesses' Offices in Patterson, Wallkill, and Warwick |url=https://www.jw.org/en/jehovahs-witnesses/bethel-tours/united-states/ |access-date=March 22, 2022 |website=JW.ORG |language=en}}</ref>
* I.B.M. Sterling Forest <ref>{{Cite news |last=Hernández |first=Daisy |date=January 4, 2003 |title=The Ultimate Backup In the Backwoods; Using Remote Sites for Emergencies |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2003/01/04/nyregion/the-ultimate-backup-in-the-backwoods-using-remote-sites-for-emergencies.html |access-date=March 22, 2022 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Google Maps |url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/IBM/@41.1664497,-74.2563472,17z/data=!4m12!1m6!3m5!1s0x0:0x73bcfffc30a0a82d!2sIBM+Sterling+Forest!8m2!3d41.1670029!4d-74.2587075!3m4!1s0x0:0xbf395955007e8917!8m2!3d41.1662024!4d-74.2587984 |access-date=March 22, 2022 |website=Google Maps |language=en}}</ref>

==See also==
{{Portal|Hudson Valley|New York (state)}}
*[[Tuxedo Park School]]
*[[Tuxedo, New York]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
* Rushmore, George M., ''The world with a fence around it : Tuxedo Park, the early days'', New York : Pageant Press, 1957.
* Winslow, Albert Foster, ''Tuxedo Park : a journal of recollections'', Tuxedo Park, N.Y. : Tuxedo Historical Society, 1992. {{ISBN|0-9634696-0-6}}
* Tuxedo Park: The Historic Houses By Sonne, Christian R.; Hempel, Chiu Yin, (editors); James Bleecker (photographer),
*{{Cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XxhyHwAACAAJ&q=Tuxedo+Park:+Lives,+Legacies,+Legends | title=Tuxedo Park:The Historic Houses| isbn=9780615373058| last1=Hempel| first1=Chiu Yin| year=2007}}
*{{Cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EE8UywAACAAJ&q=Tuxedo+Park:+Lives,+Legacies,+Legends | title=Tuxedo Park: Lives, Legacies, Legends| isbn=9780615373058| last1=Hempel| first1=Chiu Yin| year=2010}}
*{{Cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=K5jkoQEACAAJ | title=Tuxedo Park: The Gift of Nature| isbn=9780990926900| last1=Hempel| first1=Chiu Yin| year=2015}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* [http://www.tuxedoparkfire.com/ Tuxedo Park Fire Department]
* [http://www.tuxedopark-ny.gov/ Village of Tuxedo Park]
* [http://www.tuxedohistoricalsociety.org/ Tuxedo Historical Society]
* [http://www.tpfyi.com/ Tuxedo Park FYI]

{{Orange County, New York}}

{{National Register of Historic Places in New York}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Villages in New York (state)]]
[[Category:Villages in Orange County, New York]]
[[Category:Ramapos]]
[[Category:Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in New York (state)]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1886]]
[[Category:Queen Anne architecture in New York (state)]]
[[Category:Italianate architecture in New York (state)]]
[[Category:Kiryas Joel–Poughkeepsie–Newburgh metropolitan area]]
[[Category:National Register of Historic Places in Orange County, New York]]