Editing Tubac, Arizona

{{Short description|Community in Santa Cruz County, Arizona}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=April 2024}}
{{Infobox settlement
|official_name            = Tubac, Arizona
|settlement_type          = [[Census-designated place]]
|image_skyline            = Tubac Church.jpg
|imagesize                = 250px
|image_caption            = St. Ann's Church, Tubac, 1937
|image_map                = Santa Cruz County Incorporated and Unincorporated areas Tubac highlighted.svg
|mapsize                  = 250px
|map_caption              = Location in [[Santa Cruz County, Arizona|Santa Cruz County]] and the state of [[Arizona]]
|image_map1               = Urritiamapoftubac.jpg
|mapsize1                 = 250px
|map_caption1             = 18th century map of Tubac and surroundings
| pushpin_map                     = Arizona#USA
| pushpin_label                   = Tubac
| pushpin_label_position          = top
| pushpin_map_caption             = Location in Arizona##Location in the United States
|subdivision_type         = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
|subdivision_type1        = [[U.S. state|State]]
|subdivision_type2        = [[List of counties in Arizona|County]]
|subdivision_name         = United States
|subdivision_name1        = [[Arizona]]
|subdivision_name2        = [[Santa Cruz County, Arizona|Santa Cruz]]
|established_title        =
|established_date         =
|government_type          =
|leader_title             =
|leader_name              =
|area_magnitude           =
|area_total_km2           = 28.10
|area_total_sq_mi         = 10.85
|area_land_km2            = 28.09
|area_land_sq_mi          = 10.85
|area_water_km2           = 0.01
|area_water_sq_mi         = 0.00
|elevation_ft             = 3209
|elevation_m              = 978
|population_as_of         = [[2020 United States census|2020]]
|population_footnotes     =
|population_total         = 1581
|population_density_km2   = 56.28
|population_density_sq_mi = 145.75
|timezone                 = [[Mountain Standard Time Zone|MST]] (no [[Daylight savings time|DST]])
|utc_offset               = -7
|coordinates              = {{coord|31|37|32|N|111|3|7|W|region:US_type:city|display=inline,title}}
|website                  =
|timezone_DST             =
|utc_offset_DST           =
|postal_code_type         = [[ZIP code]]s
|postal_code              = 85640, 85646
|area_code                = [[Area code 520|520]]
|blank_name               = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]]
|blank_info               = 04-75940
|blank1_name              = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID
|blank1_info              = 0035489
|footnotes                =
|pop_est_as_of =
|pop_est_footnotes =
|population_est =
|unit_pref = Imperial
|area_footnotes = <ref name="CenPopGazetteer2020">{{cite web|title=2020 U.S. Gazetteer Files|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2020_Gazetteer/2020_gaz_place_04.txt|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=October 29, 2021}}</ref>
}}

'''Tubac''' is a [[census-designated place]] (CDP) in [[Santa Cruz County, Arizona|Santa Cruz County]], [[Arizona]], United States. The population was 1,191 at the [[2010 United States Census|2010 census]].<ref name="Census 2010">{{cite web| url=http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_DP/G001/1600000US0475940| archive-url=https://archive.today/20200212180655/http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_DP/G001/1600000US0475940| url-status=dead| archive-date=February 12, 2020| title=Geographic Identifiers: 2010 Demographic Profile Data (G001): Tubac CDP, Arizona| publisher=U.S. Census Bureau, American Factfinder| access-date=December 4, 2012}}</ref> The place name "Tubac" is an English borrowing from a [[Hispanicization|Hispanicized]] form of the [[O'odham language|O'odham]] name ''Cuwak'', which translates into English as "place of dark water".<ref>{{Cite web|last=Staff|first=azfamily com News|title=What's in a name: Tubac|url=https://www.azfamily.com/lifestyle/whats_in_a_name/whats-in-a-name-tubac/article_202d8068-cd6c-11e8-9029-4b38990b6002.html|access-date=February 1, 2021|website=AZFamily|language=en}}</ref> When first taken into Spanish speech, it was spelled ''Tubaca''. Finally, over time, the latter "a" was dropped.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://parentseyes.arizona.edu/tubac/cpt1.htm |author=Dobyns, H.F. |date=1959 |title=''Tubac'' ''Through Four Centuries'': ''An Historical Resume and Analysis'', The Arizona State Parks Board |publisher=Parentseyes.arizona.edu |access-date=November 29, 2013 |author-link=Henry F. Dobyns |archive-date=July 2, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100702114536/http://parentseyes.arizona.edu/tubac/cpt1.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> Tubac is situated on the [[Santa Cruz River (Arizona)|Santa Cruz River]].

Tubac was the original [[Spain|Spanish]] [[Colonialism|colonial]] garrison in Arizona. It was depopulated during the [[O'odham Uprising]] in the 18th century. During the 19th century, the area was repopulated by miners, farmers and ranchers, but the town of Tubac is best known today as an artists' colony.

== History ==
Established in 1752 as a Spanish [[Presidio San Ignacio de Tubac|presidio]], the first [[Spain|Spanish]] colonial garrison in what is now [[Arizona]], Tubac was one of the stops on the [[El Camino Real (California)|Camino Real]] (the "Royal Road") from Mexico to the Spanish settlements in [[California]].

Tubac's most famous Spanish resident was [[Juan Bautista de Anza]]. While stationed at Tubac (1760–1776), de Anza built the chapel of Santa Gertrudis, the foundations of which lie beneath today's St. Ann's Church.

[[Apache]]s attacked the town repeatedly in the 1840s, forcing the [[Sonora]]n Mexicans to abandon both [[Tumacacori, Arizona|Tumacacori]] and Tubac.

Tubac was the scene of a four-day [[Siege of Tubac|siege]] in 1861 among the population of Tubac,  [[Confederate States of America|Confederate]] militia, and Apache warriors.<ref>[[Walker A. Tompkins]], ''Santa Barbara History Makers''.  McNally & Loftin, 1983.  p. 105.  {{ISBN|0-87461-059-1}}</ref>

The Confederates won and the Confederate flag used by the headquarters in Richmond was raised. When Union troops then started to approach Tucson, the Confederate troops left Tubac. There the town lay abandoned; grass grew in the streets and the adobe houses crumbled away.<ref>{{cite web| title=The Arizona Sentinel Newspaper| url=https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn84021912/1879-03-22/ed-1/seq-1/|pages=1|work=chroniclingamerica.loc.gov|date=March 22, 1879|access-date=August 1, 2023}}</ref>

From the 1930s–1960s, Tubac evolved into an art colony. Painter [[Dale Nichols]] opened an art school in the small desert village in 1948 and restored some of Tubac's historic buildings. Students included watercolorist Al Romo and sculptor Bob Brisley. In 1955, artist [[Ross Stefan]] established a studio in the village. In 1961, the Santa Cruz Valley Art Association was formed with 80 members. This group founded the Tubac Festival of the Arts in 1964.<ref>{{cite web| title=Tubac Center of the Arts, History.| url=http://tubacarts.org/about-us/mission-history/| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161111104734/http://tubacarts.org/about-us/mission-history/| url-status=dead|work=tubacarts.org|archive-date=November 11, 2016|access-date=August 1, 2023}}</ref> Other significant artists in the Village included [[Sophie and Harwood Steiger]], [[Hal Empie]] and Hugh Cabot.

==Geography==
Tubac is located at {{coord|31|37|32|N|111|3|7|W|type:city}} (31.625462, -111.051921).<ref name="GR1">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/geographies/reference-files/time-series/geo/gazetteer-files.html|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=April 23, 2011|date=February 12, 2011|title=US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990}}</ref>

According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the CDP has a total area of {{convert|28.0|km2|disp=flip}}, all land.<ref name="Census 2010"/>

==Demographics==
{{US Census population
|2020= 1581
|footnote=U.S. Decennial Census<ref name="DecennialCensus">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html|title=Census of Population and Housing|publisher=Census.gov|access-date=June 4, 2016}}</ref>
}}

===2010 census===
As of the [[census]] of 2010, there were 1,191 people residing in Tubac. The racial makeup of Tubac was 76.7% [[European American|non-Hispanic White]], 0.6% [[Race (United States Census)|Native American]], 0.4% [[African American|Black or African American]], 0.59% [[Race (United States Census)|Asian]], 6.5% from [[Chicano|other races]], and 1.1% from two or more races.  20.7% of the population were [[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic or Latino]] of any race.

In Tubac 1.5% of the population was age 0–4, 4.7% from 5 to 17, 51.0% from 18 to 64, and 42.5% 65 years of age or older. The population of Tubac is 52.4% female and 47.6% male.

===2000 census===
As of the census<ref name="GR2">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=January 31, 2008|title=U.S. Census website}}</ref> of 2000, there were 949 people, 481 households, and 303 families residing in the CDP.  The population density was {{convert|115.9|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}.  There were 569 housing units at an average density of {{convert|69.5|/sqmi|/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}.  The racial makeup of the CDP was 88.7% White, 1.2% Native American, 0.4% Asian, 9.0% from other races, and 0.7% from two or more races.  18.2% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 481 households, out of which 12.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 59.3% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 2.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 36.8% were non-families. 32.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 21.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.  The average household size was 1.97 and the average family size was 2.45.

In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 12.3% under the age of 18, 2.5% from 18 to 24, 12.1% from 25 to 44, 37.8% from 45 to 64, and 35.2% who were 65 years of age or older.  The median age was 58 years. For every 100 females, there were 92.5 males.  For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.5 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $39,444, and the median income for a family was $59,375. Males had a median income of $36,528 versus $30,268 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the CDP was $46,643.  About 2.1% of families and 6.6% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including none of those under age 18 and 7.9% of those age 65 or over.

==Arts and culture==
The remains of the old Spanish [[presidio]] are preserved by [[Tubac Presidio State Historic Park]]. The park also features a regional museum, an underground archeology display, and other historic buildings. Modern Tubac is home to over 100 art galleries, home decor boutiques, gift shops, jewelers, potters, and artists of every kind.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://issuu.com/tubacvillager|title=tubacvillager Publisher Publications - Issuu|website=issuu.com}}</ref> There is a very active art school, along with several restaurants and a golf resort nestled along a verdant valley with one of the oldest stands of cottonwoods in the state.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://tubacarts.org/|title=Home|website=Tubac Center of the Arts}}</ref>

==Notable people==
Congressman [[Will Rogers, Jr.]] retired to a ranch near Tubac and is buried at the Tubac Cemetery.<ref>[https://www.gvnews.com/news/tubacs-cementery-fascinating-right-down-to-the-name/article_f982339e-6f0e-11e7-a94d-e3fee5d07c18.html Tubac's '{{not a typo|cementery}}': Fascinating, right down to the name][sic], ''Green Valley News''</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{wikivoyage|Tubac}}
{{Commons category-inline|Tubac, Arizona}}
* [http://parentseyes.arizona.edu/tubac/ Henry F. Dobyns, "Tubac Through Four Centuries"]
* [https://www.tubacpresidio.org/ Tubac Presidio State Historic Park and Museum]
* [http://parentseyes.arizona.edu/  "Through Our Parents' Eyes: History & Culture of Southern Arizona"]
* [https://darksky.org/news/tubac-receives-coveted-international-dark-sky-community-designation/ "Tubac receives coveted International Dark Sky Community designation"], [[DarkSky International]] (September 3, 2024)
* [https://www.ghosttowns.com/states/az/tubac.html Tubac] – ghosttowns.com

{{Santa Cruz County, Arizona}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Ghost towns in Arizona]]
[[Category:Census-designated places in Santa Cruz County, Arizona]]
[[Category:Populated places in the Sonoran Desert]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1752]]
[[Category:1752 establishments in New Spain]]
[[Category:Census-designated places in Arizona]]