Editing Truro

{{Short description|Cathedral city in Cornwall, England}}
{{Other uses}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2024}}
{{Use British English|date=May 2020}}
{{Infobox UK place
| official_name = Truro
| type = [[City status in the United Kingdom|City]]
| country = England
| region = South West England
| static_image_name = Truro rooftops.jpg
| static_image_caption = [[Truro Cathedral]] overlooking the city
| static_image_2 = Trurobc.jpg
| static_image_2_caption = [[Coat of Arms]]
| static_image_2_width = 100px
| population = 23,047
| population_ref = <ref name=newcensus>[https://citypopulation.de/en/uk/southwestengland/cornwall/E63006998__truro/ Office for National Statistics 2021]</ref>
| population_demonym = Truronians
| os_grid_reference = SW825448
| coordinates = {{coord|50.260|-5.051|display=inline,title}}
| london_distance = {{convert|232|mi|km}} [[Boxing the compass|ENE]]
| post_town = TRURO
| postcode_area = TR
| postcode_district = TR1-4
| dial_code = 01872
| civil_parish = Truro
| constituency_westminster = [[Truro and Falmouth (UK Parliament constituency)|Truro and Falmouth]]
| unitary_england = [[Cornwall]]
| lieutenancy_england = Cornwall
| cornish_name = Truru
| website = [http://www.truro.gov.uk/ truro.gov.uk]
}}

'''Truro''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|t|r|ʊər|oʊ|audio=En-gb-Truro.ogg}}; {{langx|kw|Truru|label=[[Cornish language|Cornish]] [[Standard Written Form]]}})<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.magakernow.org.uk/pdf/placename_masterlist.pdf |title=List of Place-names agreed by the MAGA Signage Panel |access-date=11 January 2015 |publisher=Cornish Language Partnership |date=May 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140729194902/http://www.magakernow.org.uk/pdf/placename_masterlist.pdf |archive-date=29 July 2014}}</ref> is a [[City status in the United Kingdom|cathedral city]] and [[civil parish]] in [[Cornwall]], England; it is the southernmost city in the United Kingdom, just under {{convert|232|mi|km|abbr=out}} west-south-west of [[Charing Cross]] in [[London]]. It is Cornwall's [[county town]], sole city and a centre for administration, leisure and retail trading. Its population was 18,766 in the [[United Kingdom 2011 Census|2011 census]].<ref name="newcensus" /> People of Truro are called Truronians. It grew as a trade centre through its port and as a [[stannary]] town for [[tin mining]]. It became mainland Britain's southernmost city in 1876, with the founding of the [[Diocese of Truro]]. It is home to [[Cornwall Council]], the [[Royal Cornwall Museum]], [[Truro Cathedral]], the [[Hall for Cornwall]] and Cornwall's [[High Court of Justice|Courts of Justice]].

==Toponymy==
Truro's name may derive from the [[Cornish language|Cornish]] ''tri-veru'' meaning "three rivers", but authorities such as the ''Oxford Dictionary of English Place Names'' have doubts about the "tru" meaning "three". An expert on Cornish place-names, [[Oliver Padel]], in ''A Popular Dictionary of Cornish Place-names'', called the "three rivers" meaning "possible".<ref>O. J. Padel (1988). ''A Popular Dictionary of Cornish Place-names''. Penzance: A. Hodge. {{ISBN|0-906720-15-X}}.</ref> Alternatively the name may come from ''[[wikt:Reconstruction:Proto-Brythonic/treβ|tre]]-uro'' or similar, i.e. settlement on the river ''Uro''.<ref>Gilbert, Davis. ''Parochial history of Cornwall''.</ref><ref>''Patronymica Cornu-Britannica''.</ref>{{full citation needed|reason=both of the preceding references need more detail|date=March 2024}}

==History==
A castle was built in the 12th century by [[Richard de Luci]], Chief Justice of England in the reign of [[Henry II of England|Henry II]], who for court services was granted land in Cornwall, including the area round the confluence of the two rivers. The town grew below the castle and gained borough status from further economic activity. The castle has long disappeared.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.gatehouse-gazetteer.info/English%20sites/277.html |title=Truro Castle Hill |publisher=The Gatehouse Gazetteer |access-date=25 May 2021 |archive-date=25 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210525160415/http://www.gatehouse-gazetteer.info/English%20sites/277.html |url-status=live}}</ref>

Richard de Lucy fought in Cornwall under Count Alan of Brittany after leaving Falaise late in 1138. The small [[adulterine castle]] at Truro, Cornwall, originally the parish of Kenwyn, later known as "Castellum de Guelon", was probably built by him in 1139–1140. He styled himself "Richard de Lucy, de Trivereu". The castle passed to [[Reginald de Dunstanville, 1st Earl of Cornwall|Reginald FitzRoy]], an illegitimate son of Henry I, when he was invested by King Stephen as the first Earl of Cornwall. Reginald married Mabel FitzRichard, daughter of William FitzRichard, a major landholder in Cornwall. The {{convert|75|ft|adj=on|abbr=out}}-diameter castle was in ruins by 1270 and the motte was levelled in 1840. Today [[Truro Crown Court]] stands on the site. In a charter of about 1170, Reginald FitzRoy confirmed to Truro's burgesses the privileges granted by Richard de Lucy. Richard held ten [[knight's fee|knights' fees]] in Cornwall before 1135. At his death the county still accounted for a third of his considerable total holding.<ref>De Lucy in the 12th century, Norman Lucey 2009 [lucey.net/webpage62.htm].</ref>

By the early 14th century Truro was a major port, due to an inland location away from invaders, to prosperity from the fishing industry, and to a role as a [[stannary]] town for assaying and stamping [[tin]] and copper from Cornish mines. The [[Black Death]] brought a trade [[recession]] and an exodus that left the town in a very neglected state. Trade and prosperity gradually returned in the [[Tudors|Tudor]] period. Local government came in 1589 with a new charter of [[Elizabeth I]] giving it an elected mayor and control over the port of [[Falmouth, Cornwall|Falmouth]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.historyofparliamentonline.org/volume/1604-1629/constituencies/truro |title=Truro |publisher=History of Parliament |access-date=25 May 2021 |archive-date=25 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210525160605/https://www.historyofparliamentonline.org/volume/1604-1629/constituencies/truro |url-status=live}}</ref>

During the [[English Civil War|Civil War]] in the 17th century, Truro raised a sizeable force to fight for the king and a royalist mint was set up. Defeat by Parliamentary troops came after the [[Battle of Naseby]] in 1646, when the victorious General Fairfax led his army south-west to relieve Taunton and capture the Royalist-held [[West Country]]. The Royalist forces surrendered at Truro while leading Royalist commanders, including [[Ralph Hopton, 1st Baron Hopton|Lord Hopton]], the [[Charles II of England|Prince of Wales]], [[Edward Hyde, 1st Earl of Clarendon|Sir Edward Hyde]], and [[Arthur Capell, 1st Baron Capell of Hadham|Lord Capell]], fled to Jersey from Falmouth.<ref name="lewis">{{Cite web |title=Trudox-Hill – Trysull Pages 395–398 A Topographical Dictionary of England. Originally published by S Lewis, London, 1848. |url=https://www.british-history.ac.uk/topographical-dict/england/pp395-398 |website=British History Online |access-date=14 July 2020 |archive-date=24 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200624153520/https://www.british-history.ac.uk/topographical-dict/england/pp395-398 |url-status=live}}</ref>

Later in the century, Falmouth gained its own charter, giving rights to its harbour and starting a long rivalry with Truro. The dispute was settled in 1709 with control of the [[River Fal]] divided between them. The arms of Truro city are "Gules the base wavy of six Argent and Azure, thereon an ancient ship of three masts under sail, on each topmast a banner of St George, on the waves in base two fishes of the second."<ref>{{Cite book |last=Pascoe |first=W. H. |title=A Cornish Armory |page=135 |year=1979 |publisher=Lodenek Press |location=Padstow, Cornwall |isbn=0-902899-76-7}}</ref>

[[File:Boscawen 1810.jpg|thumb|Boscawen Street in 1810]]
Truro prospered in the 18th and 19th centuries through improved mining methods and higher prices for tin, and its consequent attraction to wealthy mine-owners. Elegant [[Georgian architecture|Georgian]] and [[Victorian architecture|Victorian]] [[townhouses]] of the period can be seen today in Lemon Street, named after the mining magnate and local [[Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)|Member of Parliament]] Sir [[William Lemon]]. Truro became the centre for county society, even dubbed "the London of Cornwall".<ref name=londonofcornwall>{{Cite web |url=http://truro.cornwall.net/history.html |publisher=Truro Town Site |title=History of Truro |access-date=13 January 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080410173243/http://truro.cornwall.net/history.html |archive-date=10 April 2008}}</ref>

[[File:Truro Cathedral in 1905, before completion of its spire.jpg|thumb|right|The Cathedral in 1905, before completion of the spires]]
Through those prosperous times Truro remained a social centre. Among the many notables were [[Richard Lemon Lander|Richard Lander]], the first European explorer to reach the mouth of the [[River Niger]] in Africa and was awarded the first gold medal of the [[Royal Geographical Society]], and [[Henry Martyn]], who read mathematics at Cambridge, was ordained and became a missionary, translating the New Testament into Urdu and Persian. Others include [[Humphry Davy]], educated in Truro and the inventor of the [[Davy lamp|miner's safety lamp]], and [[Samuel Foote]], an actor and playwright from Boscawen Street.<ref>Hartnoll, Phyllis. ed. ''The Oxford Companion to the Theatre''. Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1983, p. 290.</ref>

Truro's importance increased later in the 19th century with an iron-smelting works, [[pottery|potteries]], and [[Tanning (leather)|tanneries]]. From the 1860s, the [[Great Western Railway]] provided a direct link to [[Paddington railway station|London Paddington]]. The [[Bishopric of Truro]] Act 1876 gave the town a bishop and later a cathedral. In 1877 it gained city status. The [[New Bridge Street drill hall, Truro|New Bridge Street drill hall]] was completed in the late 19th century.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/Search/Results?BasicSearch=51st%20light%20infantry%20&SomeSearch=51st%20light%20infantry&ExactSearch=False&Place=truro%2C%20cornwall%2C%20england&County=cornwall%2C%20england&MostSpecificLocation=truro%2C%20cornwall%2C%20england&PublicTag=classifieds&SortOrder=score&page=4 |title=Wanted, recruits for the Duke of Cornwall's Light Infantry. Young Men apply to J. G. Myners, New Bridge-street, Truro |work=Royal Cornwall Gazette |date=14 August 1890 |access-date=27 August 2017 |archive-date=28 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170828021805/http://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/Search/Results?BasicSearch=51st%20light%20infantry%20&SomeSearch=51st%20light%20infantry&ExactSearch=False&Place=truro%2C%20cornwall%2C%20england&County=cornwall%2C%20england&MostSpecificLocation=truro%2C%20cornwall%2C%20england&PublicTag=classifieds&SortOrder=score&page=4 |url-status=live}}</ref>

Truro was connected to the electric telegraph network in 1863 when the [[Electric Telegraph Company|Electric and International Telegraph Company]] opened stations at Truro, Redruth, Penzance, Camborne, Liskard and St Austell.<ref>{{cite news |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=The Electric and International Telegraph Co. |url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0003586/19550407/096/0009  |newspaper=Royal Cornwall Gazette |location=England |date=18 September 1863 |access-date=23 March 2025 |via=British Newspaper Archive }}</ref>

==Geography==
[[File:Truro from the river.jpg|thumb|[[River Kenwyn]] which converges with the Allen to become the [[River Truro]]]]
Truro lies in the centre of western Cornwall, about {{convert|9|mi|km|abbr=off}} from the south coast, at the confluence of the rivers [[Kenwyn]] and [[River Allen (Truro)|Allen]], which combine as the [[Truro River]] – one of a series of waterways and [[Ria|drowned valleys]] leading into the [[River Fal]] and then the large natural harbour of [[Carrick Roads]]. The valleys form a steep bowl surrounding the city on the north, east and west, open to the Truro River in the south. This shape, along with high precipitation that swells the rivers and a [[spring tide]] in the River Fal, were major factors in the 1988 floods that seriously damaged the city centre. Since then, flood defences have been constructed, including an emergency dam at New Mill on the River Kenwyn and a [[flood barrier|tidal barrier]] on the Truro River.

The city is amidst several protected natural areas such as the historic parklands at [[Pencalenick]] and areas of ornamental landscape such as [[Trelissick Garden]] and [[Tregothnan]] down the Truro River. An area south-east of the city, including Calenick Creek, has been included in the [[Cornwall Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty]]. Other protected zones include an [[Area of Great Landscape Value]] comprising farmland and wooded valleys to the north east, and Daubuz Moors, a [[local nature reserve]] by the River Allen, close to the city centre.

Truro has mainly grown and developed round the historic city centre in a nuclear fashion along the slopes of the bowl valley, except for fast [[linear]] development along the [[A390 road|A390]] to the west, towards [[Threemilestone]]. As Truro grew, it encompassed other settlements as suburbs or districts, including [[Kenwyn]] and Moresk to the north, Trelander to the east, Newham to the south, and Highertown, Treliske and Gloweth to the west.

===Climate===
The Truro area, like the rest of Cornwall, has an [[oceanic climate]]. This means fewer extremes in temperature than elsewhere in England, marked by high rainfall, cool summers and mild winters with infrequent frosts.

==Demography and economy==
[[File:Truro pydar.jpg|thumb|Sunday morning on Pydar Street]]
The Truro urban area, including parts of surrounding parishes, had a 2001 census population of 18,051. By 2011 the population, including Threemilestone, was 20,044. As of 2021, there are 23,047 residents. Its status as the county's prime destination for retail and leisure and administration is unusual in that it is only its fourth most populous settlement.<ref name="citypopulation.de">{{Cite web |title=Truro (Cornwall, South West England, United Kingdom) - Population Statistics, Charts, Map, Location, Weather and Web Information |url=https://citypopulation.de/en/uk/southwestengland/cornwall/E63006998__truro/ |access-date=2024-05-29 |website=citypopulation.de}}</ref> Indeed, population growth at 10.5% between 1971 and 1998 was slow compared with other Cornish towns and Cornwall.{{Fix|text=out of date}} This trend changed significantly in the 21st century as Truro became one of the fastest growing cities in Cornwall, Truro experienced a year-on-year growth rate of 1.31% (Compared to 0.68% for Cornwall).<ref>{{Cite web |title=United Kingdom: Urban Areas in England - Population Statistics, Maps, Charts, Weather and Web Information |url=https://citypopulation.de/en/uk/cities/englandua/?cityid=20749 |access-date=2024-05-29 |website=citypopulation.de}}</ref><ref name="ReferenceB">{{Cite web |title=Cornwall (Unitary County, Cornwall, United Kingdom) - Population Statistics, Charts, Map and Location |url=https://citypopulation.de/en/uk/admin/cornwall/E06000052__cornwall/ |access-date=2024-05-29 |website=citypopulation.de}}</ref>

Truro is notable for having one of the youngest average residents in Cornwall (77.7% under 65).<ref name="citypopulation.de"/><ref name="ReferenceB"/> 2,773 people (13.4% of the residents) specified a Cornish only identity and 335 (1.6%) Cornish in combination with British - which is consistent the rest of Cornwall (14% and 1.6% respectively).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Truro: National identity - UK |url=https://censusdata.uk/e04013097-truro/ts027-national-identity---uk |access-date=2024-05-29 |website=censusdata.uk |language=en}}</ref> 3,168 households (33.6% of residents) are experiencing deprivation,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Truro: Households by deprivation dimensions |url=https://censusdata.uk/e04013097-truro/ts011-households-by-deprivation-dimensions |access-date=2024-05-29 |website=censusdata.uk |language=en}}</ref> and 4,744 (20.5%) are retirees.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Truro: Economic activity status |url=https://censusdata.uk/e04013097-truro/ts066-economic-activity-status |access-date=2024-05-29 |website=censusdata.uk |language=en}}</ref>

Major employers include the [[Royal Cornwall Hospital]], [[Cornwall Council]] and [[Truro College]]. There are about 22,000 jobs available in Truro, but only 9,500 economically active people living there, which make commuting a major factor in its traffic congestion. Average earnings are higher than elsewhere in Cornwall.{{No source|month=May|year=2024|date=May 2024}}

==Culture==
[[File:Truro Cathedral - geograph.org.uk - 4669568.jpg|thumb|upright|The west front of Truro Cathedral]]
[[File:Truro City Hall Municipal Buildings (geograph 4669583).jpg|thumb|upright|The north front of the Hall for Cornwall]]

===Attractions===
Truro's dominant feature is its [[Gothic-revival]] [[Truro Cathedral|cathedral]], designed by architect [[John Loughborough Pearson]], rising {{convert|249|ft|m|abbr=on}} above the city at its highest spire.<ref name=cathedral>{{Cite web |url=http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=trurocastreetdral-truro-unitedkingdom |publisher=[[Emporis]] |title=Building Statistics – Truro Cathedral, Truro |access-date=13 January 2008 |archive-date=30 September 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930160531/http://www.emporis.com/en/wm/bu/?id=trurocastreetdral-truro-unitedkingdom |url-status=usurped}}</ref> It was built in 1880–1910 on the site of St Mary's Church, consecrated over 600 years earlier. [[Georgian architecture]] is well represented, with terraces and townhouses along Walsingham Place and Lemon Street often said to be "the finest examples of Georgian architecture west of the city of [[Bath, Somerset|Bath]]."<ref name=westofbath>{{Cite web |url=http://www.truro.gov.uk/daytripper/4.htm |publisher=Truro City Council |title=Daytripper – Sheer Indulgence in Truro |access-date=13 January 2008 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20071007113050/http://www.truro.gov.uk/daytripper/4.htm |archive-date=7 October 2007}}</ref>

The main attraction to the region is a wide variety of shopping facilities. Truro has various [[chain stores]], [[specialty shops|speciality shops]] and [[market (place)|markets]] that reflect its history as a [[market town]]. The indoor [[Pannier Market]] is open all year, with many stalls and small businesses. The city is also popular for catering and night life, with bars, clubs and restaurants. It houses the [[Hall for Cornwall]], a performing arts and entertainment venue.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://database.theatrestrust.org.uk/resources/theatres/show/3199-hall-for-cornwall |title=Hall For Cornwall |publisher=Theatres Trust |access-date=24 May 2021 |archive-date=24 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210524222408/https://database.theatrestrust.org.uk/resources/theatres/show/3199-hall-for-cornwall |url-status=live}}</ref>

The [[Royal Cornwall Museum]] is the oldest and premier museum of [[History of Cornwall|Cornish history]] and [[Culture of Cornwall|culture]]. Its collections cover fields such as [[archaeology]], art and geology. Among the exhibits is the so-called [[Arthur stone|Arthur's inscribed stone]]. Its parks and open spaces include Victoria Gardens, Boscawen Park and [[Daubuz Moors]].

===Events===
[[File:Truro piazza.jpg|thumb|Lemon Quay]]
Lemon Quay is the year-round centre of most festivities in Truro.

In April, Truro prepares to partake in the [[Britain in Bloom]] competition, with floral displays and hanging baskets dotted around the city throughout the summer. A continental market comes to Truro in the holiday-making season, featuring food and craft stalls from France, Spain, Italy, Germany, Belgium, the Netherlands, Greece and elsewhere.

The Truro City Carnival, held every September over a weekend, includes various arts and music performances, children's activities, a [[fireworks]] display, food and drinks fairs, a [[circus]] and a parade. A [[half-marathon]], organised by Truro Running Club, also occurs in September; it runs from the city centre into the countryside towards Kea, returning to finish at Lemon Quay.

[[File:HIGHX1.JPG|thumb|right|upright|A [[Celtic cross]] at High Cross near the cathedral]]
Truro's Christmas includes a Winter Festival with a ''City of Lights'' [[paper lantern]] parade. Local schools, colleges, and community and youth groups join in.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.cityoflights.org.uk/schools-groups/4582440222 |title=Schools and Groups – Truro City of Lights |website=cityoflights.org.uk |access-date=15 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181003181743/http://www.cityoflights.org.uk/schools-groups/4582440222 |archive-date=3 October 2018 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/local/cornwall/hi/things_to_do/newsid_9149000/9149735.stm |title=Truro City of Lights parade 2010 |date=4 November 2010 |publisher=BBC News |access-date=15 January 2019 |archive-date=3 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181003181824/http://news.bbc.co.uk/local/cornwall/hi/things_to_do/newsid_9149000/9149735.stm |url-status=live}}</ref>

===Sport===
Truro temporarily hosted the [[Cornish Pirates]] [[rugby union]] club in the 2005–2006 season, but it moved again for 2006–2007 to share the ground of [[Camborne RFC]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/rugby_union/7732973.stm |title=Pirates want to stay at Camborne |date=17 November 2008 |access-date=10 September 2019 |archive-date=2 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200702201102/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/rugby_union/7732973.stm |url-status=live}}</ref> In April 2018, the construction of a [[Stadium for Cornwall]] was discussed with [[Cornwall Council]], which had pledged £3 million for the £14.3 million project.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2018/apr/17/cornish-pirates-stadium-council-funding |title=Stadium for Cornwall moves step closer with £3m of council funding |first=Paul |last=Rees |date=17 April 2018 |website=The Guardian |access-date=27 January 2019 |archive-date=17 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180717153953/https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2018/apr/17/cornish-pirates-stadium-council-funding |url-status=live}}</ref> It is planned for a site in [[Threemilestone]].<ref name=threemilestadium>{{Cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/cornwall/7155912.stm |publisher=BBC News |title=Renewed hope for sports stadium |date=21 December 2007 |access-date=13 January 2008 |archive-date=4 August 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120804123249/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/cornwall/7155912.stm |url-status=live}}</ref> The town's remaining rugby union side, [[Truro RFC]], founded in 1885. It belongs to [[Tribute Western Counties West]] and plays home games at St Clements Hill. It has hosted the [[CRFU Cornwall Cup]] several times.

[[Truro City F.C.]], a [[association football|football]] team in the [[National League South]], is the only Cornish club ever to reach this tier of the [[English football league system]]. It achieved national recognition by winning the [[FA Vase]] in 2007 against [[A.F.C. Totton]], in only the second final at the new [[Wembley Stadium]]; it became the first Cornish side ever to win the trophy. Its home ground is the [[Truro City Stadium]] in [[Threemilestone]].

[[Cornwall County Cricket Club]] plays some home fixtures at [[Boscawen Park]], which is also the home ground of Truro Cricket Club.

Truro Fencing Club is a national flagship, having won numerous national championships and supplied three fencers for Team GB at the [[London 2012 Olympics]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Truro Fencing Club |url=https://trurofencing.club/ |website=Truro Fencing Club |access-date=3 January 2019 |archive-date=3 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190103210251/https://trurofencing.club/ |url-status=live}}</ref>

Other sports amenities include a [[leisure centre]], golf course and tennis courts.

====Cornish wrestling====
Truro has been a centre for [[Cornish wrestling]] for centuries.<ref name="RCG11061808">Royal Cornwall Gazette, 11 June 1808.</ref><ref name="CG20061946">Cornish Guardian, 20 June 1946.</ref><ref name="WB21092017">The West Briton, 21 Sep 2017.</ref> Before the formation of the Cornish Wrestling Association, the tournaments in Truro were often described as the ''Great County Wrestling Matches''<ref name="LFP18091886">Lake's Falmouth Packet and Cornwall Advertiser, 18 September 1886.</ref> and, with winners getting money prizes or silver medals,<ref name="WMN17071884">Western Morning News 17 July 1884.</ref><ref name="C03071890">The Cornishman, 3 July 1890, p4.</ref> silver cups<ref name="WBCA22071886">West Briton and Cornwall Advertiser, 22 July 1886.</ref><ref name="SAS30051907">St. Austell Star, 30 May 1907.</ref> and silver belts.<ref name="RCG05101893">Royal Cornwall Gazette, 5 October 1893.</ref><ref name="WMN17091891">Western Morning News, 17 September 1891.</ref> A large number of venues have been used throughout Truro, including various inns which put on tournaments such as the White Hart Inn,<ref name="RCG26051832">The Royal Cornwall Gazette, Falmouth Packet, and General Advertiser, 26 May 1832, p3.</ref> Western Inn,<ref name="RCG07071832">Royal Cornwall Gazette, 7 July 1832.</ref> Ship Inn<ref name="WBCA19071844">West Briton and Cornwall Advertiser, 19 July 1844.</ref> and Victoria Inn.<ref name="LFPCA24071858">Lake's Falmouth Packet and Cornwall Advertiser, 24 July 1858.</ref>

In the 1970s, [[Truro Cathedral School]] taught Cornish wrestling as part of its [[physical education]] programme and was at this time the only school in Cornwall to do so.<ref>[[Peter Berresford Ellis]] (1974) ''The Cornish Language and its Literature''. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, p. 199</ref>

John Lander was a noted wrestler during the late 1700s and early 1800s. He was landlord of the Fighting Cocks Inn in Truro and was the father of the famous explorers [[John Lander (explorer)|John Lander]] and [[Richard Lander]].<ref name="WMN08091944">Hedgecoe, John: ''A L Rowse's Cornwall'', Weidenfeld and Nicolson (London), 1988, p74-75</ref>

===Media===
[[File:Truro, Mews Houses - geograph.org.uk - 3018263.jpg|thumb|upright|Georgian architecture at Walsingham Place]]
Truro is the centre of Cornwall's local media. The county weeklies, the ''[[Cornish Guardian]]'' and ''[[The West Briton]]'', are based there; the latter provides a Truro and Mid-Cornwall edition. The city also holds the studios of [[BBC Radio Cornwall]]. Regional television is provided by [[BBC South West]] and [[ITV West Country]].

===Customs===
A [[mummers play]] text ascribed until recently to [[Mylor, Cornwall]] (quoted in studies of folk plays such as ''The Mummers Play'' by R. J. E. Tiddy – published posthumously in 1923 – and ''The English Folk-Play'' (1933) by E. K. Chambers), has now been shown by genealogical and other research to have originated in Truro about 1780.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m2386/is_1_114/ai_102910348 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040830082747/http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m2386/is_1_114/ai_102910348 |url-status=dead |archive-date=30 August 2004 |title=FindArticles.com – CBSi |access-date=13 November 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.folkplay.info/Texts/78sw84em.htm |title=Truro [Formerly Mylor]: "A Play for Christmas", 1780s |work=folkplay.info |access-date=29 September 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303182402/http://www.folkplay.info/Texts/78sw84em.htm |archive-date=3 March 2016 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

The traditional [[Nine Lessons and Carols]] at Christmas originated in Truro in 1880, when its bishop, [[Edward White Benson]], began to provide chances for evening singing of carols before Christmas Day, often on Christmas Eve.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/cornwall/content/articles/2005/12/16/faith_nine_lessons_feature.shtml |title=BBC – Cornwall – Faith – Festival of Nine Lessons and Carols |publisher=BBC |access-date=11 August 2018 |archive-date=21 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181221045731/http://www.bbc.co.uk/cornwall/content/articles/2005/12/16/faith_nine_lessons_feature.shtml |url-status=live}}</ref>

==Administration==
[[File:Truro City Council, 2021.svg|thumb|Diagram of the alignment of Truro City Council directly after the [[2021 UK local elections|2021 local elections]]:{{legend|#6AB023|[[Green Party of England and Wales|Green Party]]: 4 seats}} {{legend|#E4003B|[[Labour Party (UK)|Labour Party]]: 3 seats}} {{legend|#FAA61A|[[Liberal Democrats (UK)|Liberal Democrats]]: 7 seats}} {{legend|#DDDDDD|[[Independent (politician)|Independent]]: 5 seats}} {{legend|#0087DC|[[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative Party]]: 4 seats}}]]
[[File:Truro - UK city.jpg|thumb|Map of Truro{{legend|orange|City/parish border|outline=#606060}}
{{legend|lightgreen|Forestry|outline=#606060}}
{{legend|#F2EFE9|Countryside|outline=#606060}}
{{legend|#E0DFDF|Urban area|outline=#606060}}]]
Truro City Council forms its basic level of government,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Home – Truro City Council |url=http://www.truro.gov.uk/ |publisher=Government of the United Kingdom |access-date=3 September 2017 |archive-date=3 September 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170903163506/http://www.truro.gov.uk/ |url-status=live}}</ref> as one of 213 [[civil parish|parish bodies]] in the county. Centred upstairs at the Municipal Buildings in Boscawen Street, it covers Truro's public library, parks and gardens, [[tourist information centre]], toilets, allotments and cemeteries.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Truro |first1=Totally |title=Work and business: Truro City Council {{!}} enjoy truro |url=http://www.enjoytruro.co.uk/work/council/truro_city_council |website=enjoytruro.co.uk |access-date=3 September 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170903204151/http://www.enjoytruro.co.uk/work/council/truro_city_council |archive-date=3 September 2017 |url-status=dead}}</ref> It also views planning issues and was involved in creating the Truro and Kenwyn Neighbourhood Plan in association with Cornwall Council. The city council has four [[Ward (electoral subdivision)|wards]] – Boscawen and Redannick, Moresk and Trehaverne, Tregolls, and Malabar – with 24 councillors elected for four-year terms.<ref name=councillors>{{Cite web |url=http://www.truro.gov.uk/pages/wards.html |publisher=Truro City Council |title=Councillors & Wards |access-date=13 January 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928035458/http://www.truro.gov.uk/pages/wards.html |archive-date=28 September 2007}}</ref> It is affiliated to Truro Chamber of Commerce and other civic bodies.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Association |first1=Come to Cornwall |title=City of Truro, Cornwall: Official Guide, Issued in Support of the "Come to Cornwall" Movement Under the Authority of the Truro City Council and the Truro Chamber of Commerce |date=1960 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=v6pGtwAACAAJ&q=%22Truro+City+Council%22|access-date=22 November 2020 |archive-date=29 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210529105539/https://books.google.com/books?id=v6pGtwAACAAJ&q=%22Truro+City+Council%22 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |title=Journal of the Institution of Municipal Engineers |date=1960 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=A9cmAQAAIAAJ&q=%22Truro+City+Council%22+established|access-date=27 September 2020 |archive-date=24 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210424215451/https://books.google.com/books?id=A9cmAQAAIAAJ&q=%22Truro+City+Council%22+established |url-status=live}}</ref>

The city council comes under the unitary [[Cornwall Council]], which is directly under central government.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Committee |first1=Great Britain: Parliament: House of Commons: ODPM: Housing, Planning, Local Government and the Regions |title=Is There a Future for Regional Government?: Session 2005–06 |date=2006 |publisher=The Stationery Office |isbn=9780215027849 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EDb5PVQosYoC&q=%22Truro%20City%20Council%22&pg=PA39|access-date=22 November 2020 |archive-date=24 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210424215439/https://books.google.com/books?id=EDb5PVQosYoC&q=%22Truro+City+Council%22&pg=PA39 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last1=Council |first1=Cornwall |title=Council and democracy – Cornwall Council |url=https://www.cornwall.gov.uk/council-and-democracy/ |publisher=Government of the United Kingdom |access-date=3 September 2017 |archive-date=3 September 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170903163648/https://www.cornwall.gov.uk/council-and-democracy/ |url-status=live}}</ref> [[Cornwall Council]], a unitary authority, is based at [[Lys Kernow]], formerly County Hall, west of the city centre. It covers planning, infrastructure, development and environmental issues. Truro seats four members on it, one from each of its wards: [[Truro Tregolls (electoral division)|Truro Tregolls]], [[Truro Boscawen and Redannick (electoral division)|Truro Boscawen and Redannick]], [[Truro Moresk and Trehaverne (electoral division)|Truro Moresk and Trehaverne]] and [[Gloweth, Malabar and Shortlanesend (electoral division)|Gloweth, Malabar and Shortlanesend]]. [[Threemilestone and Chacewater (electoral division)|Threemilestone and Chacewater]], [[conurbation]]s of the city, also elect a member.

Truro's borough court, first granted in 1153, became a free borough in 1589,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Crime and Punishment – Truro Uncovered |url=http://www.trurouncovered.co.uk/Crime_and_Punishment_6514.aspx |website=trurouncovered.co.uk |access-date=15 January 2019 |archive-date=4 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190104021455/http://www.trurouncovered.co.uk/Crime_and_Punishment_6514.aspx |url-status=live}}</ref> and a city in 1877, receiving [[letters patent]] after the Anglican diocese was placed there in 1876.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Beckett |first1=John |title=City Status in the British Isles, 1830–2002 |date=2017 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |isbn=9781351951265 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dzErDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA32 |access-date=3 September 2017|archive-date=24 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210424215431/https://books.google.com/books?id=dzErDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA32 |url-status=live}}</ref> However, it forms the [[List of smallest cities in the United Kingdom|eighth smallest]] UK city in population, city council area and [[urban area#United Kingdom|urban area]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Truro Cathedral |url=https://www.cornwalls.co.uk/attractions/truro-cathedral.htm |website=Cornwall Guide |access-date=3 September 2017 |date=6 December 2015 |archive-date=3 September 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170903163336/https://www.cornwalls.co.uk/attractions/truro-cathedral.htm |url-status=live}}</ref>

===Twinning===
Truro is twinned with 
*[[Boppard]], Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany
*[[Morlaix]], Brittany, France<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://truromorlaixtwinning.weebly.com/ |title=Aims of Twinning |publisher=Truro-Morlaix Twinning Association |access-date=10 May 2010 |archive-date=11 May 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511160458/http://truromorlaixtwinning.weebly.com/ |url-status=live}}</ref>

===Namesakes===
Several towns outside Britain have taken Truro as their name:
*[[Truro, Nova Scotia]], Canada
*[[Truro, Massachusetts]], United States
*[[Truro, Iowa]], United States
*[[Truro, South Australia]], Australia

==Transport==
===Roads===
Truro is {{convert|6|mi|km|abbr=out}} from the [[A30 road|A30]] [[trunk road]], to which it is linked by the A39 from Falmouth and [[Penryn, Cornwall|Penryn]]. Also passing through is the A390 between Redruth to the west and [[Liskeard]] to the east, where it joins the [[A38 road|A38]] for [[Plymouth]], [[Exeter]] and the [[M5 motorway]].

===Buses===
The city and surroundings have extensive bus services, provided mainly by [[First Kernow]] and [[Transport for Cornwall]]. Most routes terminate at Truro bus station, near Lemon Quay. A permanent [[Park and Ride]] scheme, known as ''Park for Truro'', opened in August 2008. Buses based at Langarth Park in [[Threemilestone]] carry commuters into the city via Truro College, the [[Royal Cornwall Hospital]] Treliske, County Hall, the railway station, the Royal Cornwall Museum and Victoria Square, through to a second car park on the east side of the city.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Stops in Truro |url=https://bustimes.org/localities/truto |website=Bustimes.org |access-date=8 August 2024}}</ref>

Truro is served by long-distance coach services, operated by [[National Express Coaches|National Express]]; there are daily departures to [[Victoria Coach Station|London]], [[Birmingham]] and Penzance.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Explore our timetables |url=https://www.nationalexpress.com/en/help/timetables |website=National Express |access-date=8 August 2024}}</ref>

===Railway===
[[Truro railway station]] is located about {{convert|1|mi|km|abbr=on}} from the city centre. It is a stop on the [[Cornish Main Line]] between {{rws|Penzance}} and {{rws|Plymouth}}. The station is served by two [[train operating companies]]:
* [[Great Western Railway (train operating company)|Great Western Railway]] provides services to Penzance, Plymouth, {{rws|Reading}}, [[Paddington railway station|London Paddington]], {{rws|Bristol Temple Meads}} and {{rws|Cardiff Central}}.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Train Times |work=Great Western Railway |date=2 June 2024 |access-date=8 August 2024 |url= https://www.gwr.com/travel-information/train-times |quote=}}</ref>
* [[CrossCountry]] operates services between Penzance, Bristol Temple Meads, {{rws|Birmingham New Street}}, {{rws|York}}, {{rws|Newcastle}} and {{rws|Edinburgh Waverley}}.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Train Timetables |work=CrossCountry |date=2 June 2024 |access-date=8 August 2024 |url= https://www.crosscountrytrains.co.uk/travel-updates-information/train-timetables |quote=}}</ref>

====History====
[[File:Carvedras Viaduct.jpg|right|thumb|The former Carvedras Viaduct, built in 1859 by Isambard Kingdom Brunel]]
To the north-east of the station is a {{convert|28|m|ft|adj=mid|abbr=off|-high}} stone [[viaduct]] with views over the city, cathedral and Truro river in the distance. The longest viaduct on the line, it replaced [[Isambard Kingdom Brunel]]'s wooden [[Cornwall Railway viaducts#Carvedras|Carvedras Viaduct]] in 1904. Connecting to the main line at Truro is the [[Maritime Line]] to Falmouth in the south.
[[File:3440 City of Truro nameplate.jpg|thumb|The nameplate of preserved Great Western Railway locomotive ''[[GWR 3700 Class 3440 City of Truro|City of Truro]]'', built in 1903]]

Truro's first railway station, at Highertown, was opened in 1852 by the [[West Cornwall Railway]] (WCR) for trains to [[Redruth railway station|Redruth]] and Penzance; it was known as ''Truro Road'' station. It was extended to the Truro river at Newham in 1855, but closed so that Newham served as the terminus. When the [[Cornwall Railway]] connected the line to Plymouth, its trains ran to the present station above the city centre. The WCR diverted most passenger trains to the new station, leaving Newham mainly as a goods station until it closed in 1971; it became part of the [[Great Western Railway]]. The route from Highertown to Newham is now the ''[https://truroloops.co.uk/newham-trail/ Newham Trail]'', which is a [[shared-use path]] on a countryside loop around the south side of the city.

===Air===
[[Newquay Airport|Newquay]], Cornwall's main airport, is {{convert|12|mi|km|abbr=on}} north of Truro. In 2017, it was thought to be the "fastest growing airport" in the UK.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/travel/news-and-advice/newquay-airport-fastest-growing-uk-passengers-flights-luton-heathrow-gatwick-manchester-stansted-a8154956.html |title=Newquay is officially the UK's fastest growing airport |work=The Independent |access-date=3 October 2018 |archive-date=3 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181003103847/https://www.independent.co.uk/travel/news-and-advice/newquay-airport-fastest-growing-uk-passengers-flights-luton-heathrow-gatwick-manchester-stansted-a8154956.html |url-status=live}}</ref> It has regular flights to [[Heathrow Airport|London Heathrow]] and other airports including [[St Mary's Airport, Isles of Scilly|Isles of Scilly]], [[Dublin Airport|Dublin]] and [[Düsseldorf Airport|Düsseldorf]], Germany.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.cornwallairportnewquay.com/where-can-i-fly |title=Destinations. Retrieved 16 July 2020 |access-date=16 July 2020 |archive-date=4 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804190758/https://www.cornwallairportnewquay.com/where-can-i-fly |url-status=live}}</ref>

===River===
[[File:Truro riverandboat.jpg|thumb|The Truro river and a ferry transporting passengers to Falmouth]]
There is a boat link to Falmouth along the Truro and Fal four times a day, [[tide]] permitting. The fleet run by ''Enterprise Boats'', as part of the [[Fal River Links]]; it calls on the way at [[Malpas, Cornwall|Malpas]], [[Trelissick]], [[Tolverne]] and [[St Mawes]].

==Churches==
[[File:Truro Old Church.jpg|thumb|St Mary's Truro (early 19th-century engraving)]]
[[File:St George, Truro.jpg|thumb|St George's, Truro]]
[[File:St John's Church, Truro.jpg|thumb|upright|St John's Church]]
[[File:St Paul's Church, Truro - geograph.org.uk - 2009682.jpg|thumb|St Paul's Church, Truro]]
The old parish church of Truro was St Mary's, which was incorporated into the cathedral in the later 19th century. The building dates from 1518, with a later tower and spire dating from 1769.<ref name="lewis"/>

Parts of the town were in the parishes of [[Kenwyn]] and St Clement ([[St Clement, Cornwall|Moresk]]) until the mid 19th century, when other parishes were created. The lofty [[St George's Church, Truro|St George's church in Truro]], designed by Rev. William Haslam, vicar of [[Baldhu]], was built of Cornish granite in 1855. The parish of St George's Truro was formed from part of Kenwyn in 1846. In 1865 two more parishes were created: St John's from part of Kenwyn and St Paul's from part of St Clement.<ref>''Cornish Church Guide'' (1925) Truro: Blackford; pp. 210–211.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.trurochurches.org.uk/ |title=Parishes of St Paul, Truro, St Clement, St George, Truro, and St John, Truro (united benefice) |publisher=Truro Churches (official) |access-date=15 December 2009 |archive-date=14 April 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100414151908/http://www.trurochurches.org.uk/ |url-status=live}}</ref> St George's contains a large wall painting behind the high altar, the work of Stephany Cooper in the 1920s. Her father, Canon Cooper, had been a missionary in [[Zanzibar]] and elsewhere. The theme of the mural is "Three Heavens": the first heaven has views of Zanzibar and its cathedral (a happy period in the life of the artist), the second views of the city of Truro including the cathedral, the railway viaduct and St George's Church (another happy period), and the third, above the others, separated from them by the River of Life (Christ is seen bridging the river and 17 saints including [[Saint Piran|St Piran]] and St Kenwyn are depicted).<ref>[[Joan Rendell]] (1982) ''Cornish Churches''. St Teath: Bossiney Books; pp. 38–39.</ref>

[[Charles William Hempel]] was organist of St Mary's Church for 40 years from 1804 and also taught music. In 1805 he composed and printed ''Psalms from the New Version for the use of the Congregation of St. Mary's'', and in 1812 ''Sacred Melodies'' for the same congregation. These melodies gained popularity.

The oldest church in Truro is at [[Kenwyn]], on the northern side. It dates from the 14th and 15th centuries, but was almost wholly rebuilt in 1820, having deteriorated to the point where it was deemed unsafe.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.achurchnearyou.com/church/2437/page/18032/view/ |title=History of the church. Retrieved 16 July 2020. |access-date=16 July 2020 |archive-date=16 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200716091738/https://www.achurchnearyou.com/church/2437/page/18032/view/ |url-status=live}}</ref>

[[St John the Evangelist's Church, Truro|St John's Church]] (dedicated to St John the Evangelist) was built in 1828 (architect P. Sambell) in the Classical style on a rectangular plan and with a gallery. Alterations were carried out in the 1890s.

[[St Paul's Church, Truro|St Paul's Church]] was built in 1848. The chancel was replaced in 1882–1884, the new chancel being the work of [[J. D. Sedding]]. The tower is "broad and strong" (Pevsner) and the exterior of the aisles are ornamented in Sedding's version of the Perpendicular style.<ref name="N. Pevsner, 1970, pp. 234–235">N. Pevsner, 1970. ''Cornwall''; 2nd ed. Penguin Books; pp. 234–235.</ref> In the parish of St Paul is the former [[Convent of the Epiphany]] (Anglican) at Alverton House, Tregolls Road, an early 19th-century house extended for the convent of the Community of the Epiphany and the chapel was built in 1910 by [[Edmund Harold Sedding|Edmund H. Sedding]].<ref name="N. Pevsner, 1970, pp. 234–235"/> The sisterhood was founded by the Bishop of Truro, [[George Howard Wilkinson]] in 1883 and closed in 2001 when two surviving nuns moved into care homes. The sisters had been involved in pastoral and educational work and care of the cathedral and St Paul's Church.<ref>''Cornish Church Guide''. Truro: Blackford; pp. 325–326.</ref> St Paul's Church, built with a tower on a river bed with poor foundations, has fallen into disrepair and is no longer used. Services are now held at the churches of St Clement, St George, and St John. St Paul and St Clement form a united benefice, as do St George and St John.

===Other denominations===
One Methodist place of worship remains in use, in Union Place – Truro Methodist Church – which has a broad granite front (1830, but since enlarged). There is a Quaker Meeting House in granite ({{Circa|1830}}) and numerous other churches, some meeting in their own modern buildings, e. g. St Piran's Roman Catholic church and All Saints, Highertown, and some in schools or halls. St Piran's, dedicated to Our Lady of the Portal and St Piran, was built on the site of a medieval chapel by [[Margaret Steuart Pollard]] in 1973, for which she received the [[Benemerenti Medal]] from the Pope.<ref>{{Cite book |title=Ferguson's Gang: The Remarkable Story of the National Trust Gangsters |last=Polly Bagnall & Sally Beck |publisher=Pavilion Books |year=2015 |isbn=978-1909881716 |page=10 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=psZ7oAEACAAJ |access-date=27 September 2020 |archive-date=24 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210424215430/https://books.google.com/books?id=psZ7oAEACAAJ |url-status=live}}</ref> The Baptist church building occupies the site of the former Lake's pottery, one of the oldest in Cornwall.

==Education==
A free [[Truro Grammar School|grammar school]] associated with St Mary's Church was endowed in the 16th century. Its distinguished pupils have included the scientist Sir [[Humphry Davy]], General [[Hussey Vivian, 1st Baron Vivian|Sir Hussey Vivian]] and the clergyman, [[Henry Martyn]].<ref name="lewis"/>

The former Truro Girls Grammar School was converted into a [[Sainsbury's]] supermarket.

Educational institutions in Truro today include:
*Archbishop Benson – A [[Church of England]] [[Voluntary aided school|voluntary aided]] primary school
*[[Polwhele House Preparatory School]] — since the closure of [[Truro Cathedral School]] educating also the 18 boy choristers of [[Truro Cathedral]]
*[[Truro School]] — a [[Public school (United Kingdom)|public school]] founded in 1880
*[[Truro High School for Girls]] — a public school for ages 13–18
*[[Penair School]] — a state co-educational science college for ages 11–16
*[[Richard Lander School]] — a state co-educational technology college for ages 11–16
*[[Truro and Penwith College]] — A [[further education|further]] and higher education college attached to the [[Combined Universities in Cornwall]]
*[[University of Exeter]] Medical School<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://medicine.exeter.ac.uk/ |title=University of Exeter |access-date=13 November 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200403234650/https://medicine.exeter.ac.uk/ |archive-date=3 April 2020 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Development==
[[File:Truro lowerlemonst.jpg|thumb|Lower Lemon Street]]
Truro has many proposed urban development schemes, most of which are intended to counter the main problems, notably [[traffic congestion]] and lack of [[house|housing]].

Major proposals include construction of a [[Bypass (road)|distributor road]] to carry traffic away from the busy Threemilestone-Treliske corridor, reconnecting at Penventinnie Lane. This will serve the new housing planned for that area.<ref name=development>{{Cite web |url=http://www.carrick.gov.uk/index.cfm?articleid=17546 |publisher=Carrick District Council |title=Truro and Threemilestone Action Plan |access-date=13 January 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081220175824/http://www.carrick.gov.uk/index.cfm?articleid=17546 |archive-date=20 December 2008}}</ref>

Changes proposed for the city centre include traffic restrictions in some of the main shopping streets and the encouragement of conversion of appropriate commercial properties back to residential use.<ref name=development/> Since March 2023, through traffic has been prohibited from entering some streets in the City centre.<ref>{{Cite journal |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.17658/issn.2058-5462/issue-05/awagner/figure32b |access-date=2024-01-28 |doi=10.17658/issn.2058-5462/issue-05/awagner/figure32b }}</ref>

Re-development of the former Carrick District Council site at the top of Pydar Street will provide much needed homes, and facilitate the relocation to Truro of a faculty of the University of Falmouth, as well as creating space for a hotel, restaurants, leisure facilities, open spaces and public amenities.<ref name="development" /> Langarth Garden Village, a major development aiming to provide homes for 8000-10000 residents, has begun construction.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Langarth Garden Village - Cornwall Council |url=https://www.cornwall.gov.uk/planning-and-building-control/places/langarth-garden-village/ |access-date=2024-01-28 |website=cornwall.gov.uk}}</ref> This includes a new access road for the development, which is being delivered alongside the A30 improvements scheme.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 July 2023 |title=New road to connect Langarth Garden Village gets underway   |url=https://www.langarth.co.uk/new-road-to-connect-langarth-garden-village-gets-underway/}}</ref>

Along with redevelopment of the waterfront, a [[floodgate|tidal barrier]] is planned to dam water into the Truro River, which is currently blighted by mud banks that appear at [[low tide]].<ref name="development" />

More controversial plans include the construction of an urban extension at Langarth, to the west of the city, including a new stadium for Truro City F.C. and the Cornish Pirates, and perhaps eventually the relocation of the city's [[golf course]] to make way for more housing. A smaller project is the addition of two large sculptures in the Piazza.<ref name=sculptures>{{Cite web |url=http://www.truro.gov.uk/lemonquayart/index.html |publisher=Truro City Council |title=The Lemon Quay Sculptures |access-date=13 January 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928035548/http://www.truro.gov.uk/lemonquayart/index.html |archive-date=28 September 2007}}</ref>

==Notable residents==
{{See also|Category:People from Truro}}
[[File:Admiral Edward Boscawen (1711-1761) RMG BHC2565.tiff|thumb|140px|Admiral Edward Boscawen]]
[[File:Richard Lemon Lander.jpg|140px|thumb|Richard Lemon Lander]]

===Public thinking, public service===
*[[Henry Killigrew (diplomat)|Sir Henry Killigrew]] (c. 1528–1603), Cornish diplomat and an ambassador<ref>{{Cite DNB |wstitle=Killigrew,_Henry_(died 1603) |volume=31 |short=x}}</ref><ref>{{Cite EB1911|wstitle= Killigrew, Sir Henry |volume= 15 | pages = 795&ndash;796 |short= 1}}</ref>
*[[Owen Fitzpen]] (1552–1636), philanthropist and merchant seaman, led a successful slave revolt in 1627 to free captives of [[Barbary pirates]], memorialised on a plaque in St Mary's Church.
*[[John Robartes, 1st Earl of Radnor]] (1606–1685) a politician who fought for the Parliamentary cause<ref>{{Cite DNB |wstitle=Robartes,_John |volume= 48 |short=x}}</ref><ref>{{Cite EB1911|wstitle= Radnor, Earls of |volume= 22 | page = 808 |short= 1}}</ref> 
*[[William Gwavas]] (1676–1741), barrister and writer in the Cornish language<ref>{{Cite DNB |wstitle=Gwavas,_William |volume= 23 |short=x}}</ref> 
*[[Edward Boscawen]] (1711–1761), [[Royal Navy]] [[admiral]], eponym of a cobbled street at the centre of Truro and a park<ref>{{Cite DNB |wstitle=Boscawen, Edward (1711-1761) |volume=05 |short=x}}</ref><ref>{{Cite EB1911 |wstitle=Boscawen,_Edward |volume=04 |short=x}}</ref> 
*[[Samuel Walker of Truro|Samuel Walker]] (1714–1761), evangelical clergyman, curate of Truro from 1746
*[[Richard Polwhele]] (1760–1838) a clergyman, poet and historian of Cornwall and Devon<ref>{{Cite DNB |wstitle=Polwhele,_Richard |volume=46 |short=x}}</ref> 
*[[Charles Sandoe Gilbert]] (1760–1831), [[druggist]] and historian of Cornwall<ref>{{Cite DNB |wstitle=Gilbert,_Charles_Sandoe |volume=21 |short=x}}</ref> 
*[[Hussey Vivian, 1st Baron Vivian]] (1775–1842) a senior British cavalry officer<ref>{{Cite DNB |wstitle=Vivian,_Richard_Hussey |volume=58 |short=x}}</ref><ref>{{Cite EB1911|wstitle= Vivian, Richard Hussey Vivian, 1st Baron |volume= 28 | page = 153 |short= 1}}</ref>
*[[Henry Martyn]] (1781–1812), [[Cambridge]] mathematician and missionary in [[India]] and [[Persia]], who translated the Bible into local languages<ref>{{Cite EB1911 |wstitle=Martyn,_Henry |volume=17 |short=x}}</ref> 
*[[Thomas Wilde, 1st Baron Truro]] (1782–1855) [[Lord Chancellor|Lord High Chancellor]], 1850 to 1852.<ref>{{Cite EB1911|wstitle= Truro, Thomas Wilde, 1st Baron |volume= 27 | pages = 328&ndash;329 |short= 1}}</ref>
*[[Barrington Reynolds|Admiral Sir Barrington Reynolds]] (1786–1861) senior [[Royal Navy]] officer<ref>{{Cite DNB |wstitle=Reynolds,_Barrington |volume=48 |short=x}}</ref> 
*[[FitzRoy Somerset, 1st Baron Raglan]] (1788–1855) a senior Army officer and MP for Truro in 1818 & 1826.<ref>{{Cite EB1911|wstitle= Raglan, Fitzroy James Henry Somerset, 1st Baron |volume= 22 | page = 815|short= 1}}</ref> 
*[[Richard Spurr]] (1800–1855), cabinet maker and lay preacher imprisoned for Chartism. A large allotment in the town was dedicated to him in 2011.
*[[Henry James (British Army officer)|Major-General Sir Henry James]] (1803–1877), a Royal Engineers officer and DG of the [[Ordnance Survey]] 1854–1875<ref>{{Cite DNB |wstitle=James,_Henry |volume=29 |short=x}}</ref>
*[[Richard Lemon Lander]] (1804–1834), explorer in West Africa.<ref>{{Cite DNB |wstitle=Lander,_Richard_Lemon |volume=32 |short=x}}</ref> A local secondary school is named in his honour and a monument to his memory stands at the top of Lemon Street.<ref name="ReferenceA">{{Cite EB1911|wstitle= Lander, Richard Lemon and John |volume= 16 | page = 154 |short= 1}}</ref>
*[[John Lander (explorer)|John Lander]] (1806–1839), printer and explorer with his brother [[Richard Lemon Lander]]<ref>{{Cite DNB |wstitle=Lander,_John |volume=32| short=x}}</ref><ref name="ReferenceA"/>
*[[Charles Chorley]] (c. 1810–1874), journalist and man of letters<ref>{{Cite DNB |wstitle=Chorley,_Charles |volume=10 |short=x}}</ref> 
*[[William Bennett Bond]] (1815–1906), Canadian priest and second primate of the [[Anglican Church of Canada]]
*[[Alexander Mackennal]] (1835–1904), nonconformist minister<ref>{{Cite EB1911 |wstitle=Mackennal,_Alexander |volume=17 |short=x}}</ref><ref>{{Cite DNB12 |wstitle=Mackennal,_Alexander |short=x}}</ref> 
*[[Silvanus Trevail]] (1851–1903) local architect and mayor of Truro<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/cornwall/content/articles/2009/01/05/history_silvanustrevail_feature.shtml |title=Silvanus Trevail |publisher=BBC |first=Matt |last=Shepherd |date=5 January 2015 |access-date=31 August 2015 |archive-date=4 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150904024512/http://www.bbc.co.uk/cornwall/content/articles/2009/01/05/history_silvanustrevail_feature.shtml |url-status=live}}</ref>
*[[Joseph Hunkin (Bishop of Truro)|Joseph Hunkin]] (1887–1950), Bishop of Truro from 1935 to 1950<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,848822,00.html |title=Joseph Hunkin in New York |access-date=20 March 2009 |date=14 February 1938 |archive-date=26 August 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100826052755/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,848822,00.html |url-status=dead}}</ref>
*[[James Henry Fynn]] (Finn, 1893–1917), recipient of the [[Victoria Cross]]
*[[Barbara West|Barbara Joyce West]] (1911–2007), second-to-last survivor of the {{RMS|Titanic}}
*[[Alison Adburgham]] (1912–1997), social historian and fashion journalist, died in the town.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Adburgham, Alison |url=http://guardian.calmview.eu/CalmView/Record.aspx?src=CalmView.Persons&id=DS%2fUK%2f1989 |website=guardian.calmview.eu |publisher=Guardian Observer archive |access-date=2 August 2015 |archive-date=31 December 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171231051501/http://guardian.calmview.eu/CalmView/Record.aspx?src=CalmView.Persons&id=DS%2fUK%2f1989 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
*[[Hugh Clegg (industrial relations expert)|Hugh Clegg]] (1920–1995), academic, founded the [[National Board for Prices and Incomes]] (1965–1971)
*[[David Penhaligon]] (1944–1986), politician, Liberal MP for [[Truro (UK Parliament constituency)|Truro]] 1974–1986<ref>[https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/people/mr-david-penhaligon/index.html HANSARD 1803–2005 → Mr David Penhaligon] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190329115728/https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/people/mr-david-penhaligon/index.html |date=29 March 2019}}. Retrieved 22 January 2020.</ref>
*[[Paul Myners, Baron Myners]], (1948–2022), businessman and politician
*[[Mark Laity]] (born c. 1962), [[NATO]] spokesman and former [[BBC]] correspondent
*[[NneNne Iwuji-Eme]] (born c. 1978), British diplomat, UK [[List of High Commissioners of the United Kingdom to Mozambique|High Commissioner to Mozambique]]
*[[Olaf Schmid|Staff Sergeant Olaf Schmid]], (1979–2009), a British Army bomb-disposal expert

===Arts===
[[File:Samuel Foote by Jean François Colson.jpg|140px|thumb|Samuel Foote, 1769]]
[[File:William Golding 1983.jpg|140px|thumb|William Golding, 1983]]
*[[Giles Farnaby]] (c. 1563–1640), composer and [[virginalist]]<ref>{{Cite DNB |wstitle=Farnaby,_Giles |volume=18 |short=x}}</ref> 
*[[Samuel Foote]] (1720–1777), actor and playwright<ref>{{Cite EB1911|wstitle=Foote,_Samuel |volume=10 |short=x}}</ref>
*[[Henry Bone]] (1755–1834), porcelain, jewellery and enamel painter<ref>{{Cite DNB |wstitle=Bone,_Henry |volume=05 |short=x}}</ref><ref>{{Cite EB1911|wstitle= Bone, Henry |volume= 4 | page = 200 |short= 1}}</ref>
*[[Joseph Antonio Emidy]] (1775–1835), former slave from Guinea turned violinist
*[[Charles William Hempel]] (1777–1855), organist of St Mary's Church, Truro, and poet<ref>{{Cite DNB |wstitle=Hempel,_Charles_William |volume=25 |short=x}}</ref> 
*[[Nicholas Michell]] (1807–1880) a Cornish writer, best known for his poetry<ref>{{Cite DNB |wstitle=Michell,_Nicholas |volume=37 |short=x}}</ref> 
*[[Charles Frederick Hempel]] (1811–1867), organist and composer<ref>{{Cite DNB |wstitle=Hempel,_Charles_Frederick |volume=25 |short=x}}</ref> 
*[[Walter Hawken Tregellas]] (1831–1894) professional draughtsman and historical and biographical writer<ref>{{Cite DNB |wstitle=Tregellas,_Walter_Hawken |volume=57 |short=x}}</ref>
*[[Francis Charles Hingeston-Randolph]] (1833–1910), cleric, antiquary and author<ref>{{Cite DNB12 |wstitle=Hingeston-Randolph,_Francis_Charles |short=x}}</ref>
*[[Henry Dawson Lowry]] (1869–1906), journalist, short story writer, novelist and poet<ref>{{Cite DNB12 |wstitle=Lowry,_Henry_Dawson |short=x}}</ref> 
*[[Hugh Walpole]] (1884–1941) novelist, who attended a preparatory school in Truro
*[[Maria Kuncewiczowa]] (1895–1989), Polish writer living in Truro after WWII. Her novel ''Tristan 1946'' was set here.
*[[Margaret Steuart Pollard]] (1904–1996), poet and translator lived in Truro from 1930s
*[[William Golding]] (1911–1993), novelist, playwright and poet, gained the [[Nobel Prize in Literature]] in 1983. Born in St Columb Minor, he returned to live near Truro in 1985.
*[[Alison Adburgham]] (1912–1997), author, social historian and fashion editor of [[The Guardian]]
*[[Irene Newton]] (1915–1992), artist<ref>{{Cite book |author=Sara Gray |publisher=Dark River |year=2019 |title= British Women Artists. A Biographical Dictionary of 1000 Women Artists in the British Decorative Arts |isbn=978-1-911121-63-3}}</ref>
*[[Catherine Grubb]], artist (born 1945), lives in Truro.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Catherine GRUBB |url=https://cornwallartists.org/cornwall-artists/catherine-grubb |website=Cornwall Artists |access-date=22 December 2020 |archive-date=25 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201025131446/https://cornwallartists.org/cornwall-artists/catherine-grubb |url-status=live}}</ref>
*[[Roger Taylor (Queen drummer)|Roger Taylor]] (born 1949), drummer from the rock band [[Queen (band)|Queen]]<ref>[https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0003547/ IMDb Database] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200118164225/https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0003547/ |date=18 January 2020}}. Retrieved 19 January 2020.</ref>
*[[Robert Goddard (novelist)|Robert Goddard]] (born 1954), novelist, lives in Truro.
*[[James Marsh (director)|James Marsh]] (born 1963), film director and Academy Award winner<ref>[https://www.imdb.com/name/nm1016428/ IMDb Database] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200724070445/https://www.imdb.com/name/nm1016428/ |date=24 July 2020}} retrieved 21 January 2020.</ref>
*[[Ben Salfield]] (born 1971), guitarist, lutenist, composer and teacher, has lived in Truro since age of nine.
*[[Paul Kerensa]] (born 1979), comedy writer and stand-up comedian<ref>[https://www.imdb.com/name/nm1772717/ IMDb Database] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210116114832/https://www.imdb.com/name/nm1772717/ |date=16 January 2021}}. Retrieved 20 January 2020.</ref>
*[[Brett Harvey (English director)|Brett Harvey]] (born c. 1980), film writer and director based in Cornwall<ref>[https://www.imdb.com/name/nm2450548/ IMDb Database] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170219074611/http://www.imdb.com/name/nm2450548/ |date=19 February 2017}}. Retrieved 19 January 2020.</ref>
*[[Calvin Dean]] (born 1985), award-winning actor<ref>[https://www.imdb.com/name/nm2842144/ IMDb Database] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190405230117/https://www.imdb.com/name/nm2842144/ |date=5 April 2019}}. Retrieved 19 January 2020.</ref>
*[[Kerensa Briggs]] (born 1991), composer
*Oliver Buckland<ref>{{Cite web |title=Oliver Buckland |url=https://genius.com/artists/Oliver-buckland |access-date=2024-03-28 |website=Genius}}</ref> (born 1997), composer, was a Truro Cathedral chorister<ref>{{Cite web |title=BBC - Radio 4 - PM - John Buckland |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/radio4/news/pm/galleries/900/19/ |access-date=2024-03-28 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> and student of Polwhele School.
[[File:Charles Foster Barham by Harold Harvey.jpg|140px|thumb|Charles Foster Barham]]

===Science and business===
*[[John Vivian (1750–1826)|John Vivian]] (1750–1826) industrialist in [[Swansea]], descendant of the [[Vivian family (baronets and barons)|Vivian family]]
*[[Elizabeth Andrew Warren]] (1786–1864) a Cornish botanist and marine [[Phycology|algologist]]
*[[Charles Foster Barham]] (1804–1884), physician and writer on public health<ref>{{Cite DNB |wstitle=Barham,_Charles_Foster |volume=03 |short=x}}</ref>
*[[Edwin Dunkin]] (1821–1898) an astronomer and the president of the [[Royal Astronomical Society]]
*[[Henry Charlton Bastian]] (1837–1915), [[physiologist]] and [[neurologist]]
*[[Edward Arnold (publisher)#Founder|Edward Arnold]] (1857–1942), a publisher, founded [[Edward Arnold (publisher)|Edward Arnold Publishers Ltd]] in 1890.
*[[Elsie Wilkins Sexton]] (1868–1959) a zoologist and biological illustrator
*[[H. Lou Gibson]] (1906–1992), expert in medical uses of [[infrared]] to detect breast cancer

===Sport===
[[File:Matt Etherington at the Boleyn Ground 2015.jpg|140px|thumb|Matthew Etherington, 2015]]
*[[Nick Nieland]] (born 1972), javelin gold medallist at the [[2006 Commonwealth Games]] 
*[[Matthew Etherington]] (born 1981), former professional footballer with 426 club caps, he played for [[West Ham United F.C.|West Ham]] and [[Stoke City F.C.|Stoke City]].
*[[David Paynter (cricketer)|David Paynter]] (born 1981), former first-class cricketer
*[[Tom Voyce]] (1981–2024) former rugby union footballer with London Wasps and England
*[[Annabel Vernon]] (born 1982), retired rower, team silver medallist at the [[2008 Summer Olympics]] 
*[[Chris Harris (speedway rider)|Chris Harris]] (born 1982), international speedway rider
*[[Gemma Prescott]] (born 1983), Paralympic track and field athlete
*[[Darren Dawidiuk]] (born 1987), rugby union footballer
*[[Craig Alcock]] (born 1987), professional footballer
*[[Matthew Whorwood]] (born 1989), Paralympic swimmer, bronze medallist in two [[Paralympic Games]]
*[[Matthew Shepherd (rugby)|Matthew Shepherd]] (born 1990), rugby union player
*[[Luke Cowan-Dickie]] (born 1993), rugby union player
*[[Jack Nowell]] (born 1993), rugby union player
*[[Molly Caudery]] (born 2000), British pole vaulter
*[[Alex Quinn (racing driver)|Alex Quinn]] (born 2000), racing driver

==See also==
{{Portal|Cornwall}}
*[[Diocese of Truro]]
*[[List of topics related to Cornwall]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons}}
*{{Cite EB1911 |wstitle=Truro |volume=27 |short=x}}
{{Wikivoyage|Truro (England)}}
*[http://www.truro.gov.uk Truro City Council website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170903163506/http://www.truro.gov.uk/ |date=3 September 2017 }}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20070930013156/http://crocat.cornwall.gov.uk/dserve/dserve.exe?dsqIni=Dserve.ini&dsqApp=Archive&dsqDb=Catalog&dsqCmd=Overview.tcl&dsqSearch=%28%28text%29%3D%27truro%27%29 Cornwall Record Office Online Catalogue for Truro]
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