Editing Tropaeolum

{{Short description|Genus of plants in the family Tropaeolaceae}}
{{About|the flowering plants of the genus Tropaeolum, commonly called nasturtiums|the genus of watercresses|Nasturtium (plant genus)}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| image = TropaeolumMajusOrange.jpg
| image_caption = ''[[Tropaeolum majus]]''
| parent_authority = [[Antoine Laurent de Jussieu|Juss.]] ex [[Augustin Pyramus de Candolle|DC.]]
| taxon = Tropaeolum
| authority = [[Carl Linnaeus|L]].
| subdivision_ranks = Species
| subdivision = About 80 species, see text.
| synonyms_ref = 
| synonyms = *''Magallana'' <small>Cav.</small>
*''Trophaeastrum'' <small>Sparre</small>
| type_species =''[[Tropaeolum majus]]'' L.<ref>''Tropaeolum'' | International Plant Names Index. (n.d.). Retrieved October 29, 2023, from https://www.ipni.org/n/30002592-2</ref>
}}'''''Tropaeolum''''' {{IPAc-en|t|r|ə|ˈ|p|iː|ə|l|əm|,_|t|r|oʊ|-}},{{refn|{{Cite dictionary |url=http://www.lexico.com/definition/Tropaeolum |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322182240/https://www.lexico.com/definition/tropaeolum |url-status=dead |archive-date=2020-03-22 |title=Tropaeolum |dictionary=[[Lexico]] UK English Dictionary |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]}} }}<ref>''Sunset Western Garden Book''. 1995. 606–607; {{OED|''Tropaeolum''}}</ref> commonly known as '''nasturtium''' ({{IPAc-en|n|ə|ˈ|s|t|ɜːr|ʃ|əm|,_|n|æ|-}};{{refn|{{Cite dictionary |url=http://www.lexico.com/definition/nasturtium |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200322182209/https://www.lexico.com/definition/nasturtium |url-status=dead |archive-date=2020-03-22 |title=nasturtium |dictionary=[[Lexico]] UK English Dictionary |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]}} }}{{refn|{{MerriamWebsterDictionary|access-date=2016-01-21|nasturtium}}}}<ref>{{OED|Nasturtium}}</ref> literally "nose-twister" or "nose-tweaker"), is a genus of roughly 80 species of [[Annual plant|annual]] and [[perennial plant|perennial]] [[herbaceous plant|herbaceous]] [[flowering plant]]s. It was [[Botanical name|named]] by [[Carl Linnaeus]] in his book ''[[Species Plantarum]]'',<ref>{{cite book |last=Linnæus |first=Carl |date=1753-05-01 |title=Species Plantarum : exhibentes plantas rite cognitas ad genera relatas, cum differentiis specificis, nominibus trivialibus, synonymis selectis, locis natalibus, secundum systema sexuale digestas |trans-title=The Species of Plants |language=la |volume=1 |location=Stockholm, Sweden |publisher=Laurentius Salvius |page=345}}</ref> and is the only genus in the [[family (biology)|family]] '''Tropaeolaceae'''. The nasturtiums received their common name because they produce an oil similar to that of [[watercress]] (''Nasturtium officinale'').

The genus ''Tropaeolum'', [[native plant|native]] to South and Central America, includes several very popular garden plants, the most common being ''[[Tropaeolum majus|T. majus]]'', ''[[Tropaeolum peregrinum|T. peregrinum]]'' and ''[[Tropaeolum speciosum|T. speciosum]]''. One of the [[hardiness (plants)|hardiest]] species is ''[[Tropaeolum polyphyllum|T. polyphyllum]]'' from [[Chile]], the perennial roots of which can survive the winter underground at elevations of {{convert|3,300|m|ft|sigfig=2}}.

Plants in this genus have showy, often intensely bright flowers and rounded, [[peltate]] ([[shield]]-shaped) leaves with the [[Petiole (botany)|petiole]] in the centre. The flowers are bisexual and [[zygomorphic]], with five petals, a [[Ovary (botany)#Superior ovary|superior three-carpelled ovary]], and a funnel-shaped nectar spur at the back, formed by modification of one of the five sepals.<ref name=Heywood>{{cite book |title=Flowering plant families of the world |last1=Heywood |first1=V.H. |last2=Brummitt |first2=R.K. |last3=Culham |first3=A. |last4=Seberg |first4=O. |year=2007 |publisher=Firefly Books |isbn=978-1554072064 |pages=324}}</ref>
[[File:Yellow and red Tropaeolum majus (Garden nasturtium).jpg|thumb|Flowering yellow and red ''[[Tropaeolum majus]]'' (garden nasturtium)]]
== History ==
''Tropaeolum'' was introduced into Spain by the Spanish botanist [[Nicolás Monardes]], who described it in his  ''[[Historia medicinal de las cosas que se traen de nuestras Indias Occidentales]]'' of 1569, translated into English as ''Ioyfull newes out of the newe founde worlde'' by [[John Frampton]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Frampton|first=John|url=https://fsu.digital.flvc.org/islandora/object/fsu%3A213358#page/Page+5/mode/2up|title=Joyfull newes of the newfound world|year=1580}}</ref> The English herbalist [[John Gerard]] reports having received seeds of the plant from Europe in his 1597 book ''Herball, or Generall Historie of Plantes''.<ref name=Woodward>{{cite book |title=Leaves from Gerard's Herball arranged for garden lovers |url=https://archive.org/details/leavesfromgerard00gera |url-access=registration |last=Woodward |first=M. |year=1969 |publisher=Dover publications Inc., New York |pages=[https://archive.org/details/leavesfromgerard00gera/page/168 168–169] |isbn=9780486223438 }}</ref> ''Tropaeolum majus'' was named by the Swedish botanist [[Carl Linnaeus]], who chose the genus name because the plant reminded him of an ancient custom: After victory in battle, the Romans erected a trophy pole (or ''tropaeum'', from the Greek [[tropaion]], source of English "[[trophy]]") on which the vanquished foe's armour and weapons were hung. The plant's round leaves reminded Linnaeus of shields and its flowers of blood-stained helmets.<ref name=World>{{cite book |title=Flowers of the World |last=Perry |first=Frances |year=1972 |publisher=The Hamlyn Publishing Group |isbn=978-0600355922 |pages=298–300 }}</ref>Nasturtiums were once commonly called "Indian cresses" because they were introduced from the Americas, known popularly then as the Indies, and used like cress as salad ingredients. In his herbal, John Gerard compared the flowers of the "Indian Cress" to those of the [[Consolida regalis|forking larkspur]] (''Consolida regalis'') of the [[Ranunculaceae|buttercup family]].<ref name=World/> He wrote: "Unto the backe part (of the flower) doth hange a taile or spurre, such as hath the Larkes heele, called in Latine ''Consolida regalis''."<ref name=Woodward/>

[[J. R. R. Tolkien]] commented that an alternative anglicization of "nasturtium" was "nasturtian".<ref>{{ME-ref|Letters|Letter 148 of 7 August 1954}}</ref>

== Description ==
[[File:Tropaeolum speciosum 343231982.jpg|thumb|''[[Tropaeolum speciosum]]'']]
''Tropaeolum'' is a genus of [[dicotyledon]]ous annual or perennial plants, often with somewhat succulent stems and sometimes tuberous roots. The alternate leaves are hairless, [[Leaf shape|peltate]], and entirely or palmately lobed. The petioles or leaf stalks are long and, in many species, can twine around other stems to provide support. The flowers are bisexual and showy, set singly on long stalks in the axils of the leaves. They have five [[sepals]], the uppermost of which is elongated into a nectar spur. The five [[petals]] are clawed, with the lower three unlike the upper two. The eight [[stamens]] are in two whorls of unequal length, and the superior ovary has three segments and three [[Stigma (botany)|stigmas]] on a single [[gynoecium|style]]. The fruit is naked and nut-like, with three single seed segments.<ref>{{cite book |title=The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Botany |editor-last=Allaby |editor-first=Michael |year=1992 |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Oxford |isbn=978-0198661634 |page=[https://archive.org/details/conciseoxforddic00mich/page/418 418] |url=https://archive.org/details/conciseoxforddic00mich/page/418 |url-access=registration }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_JM_treatment.pl?Tropaeolum+majus |title=Tropaeolaceae: Nasturtium Family |author=McClintock, Elizabeth |publisher=Jepson Flora Project |access-date=2012-06-20}}</ref>
[[File:Tropaeolum azureum 236274351.jpg|thumb|''[[Tropaeolum azureum]]'']]

== Species in cultivation ==
[[File:Tropaeolum peregrinum 31085425.jpg|thumb|''[[Tropaeolum peregrinum]]'']]
[[File:Tropaeolum polyphyllum (3435166083).jpg|thumb|''[[Tropaeolum polyphyllum]]'']]
[[File:Tropaeolum tricolor 236431369.jpg|thumb|''[[Tropaeolum tricolor]]'']]
The most common flower in cultivation is a [[hybrid (botany)|hybrid]] of ''T. majus'', ''T. minus,'' and ''T. peltophorum''. It is commonly known as the nasturtium (and occasionally anglicized as nasturtian). It is mostly grown from seed as a half-hardy annual, and both single and double varieties are available. It comes in various forms and colours, including cream, yellow, orange and red, solid in colour or striped and often with a dark blotch at the base of the petals. It is vigorous and easily grown and does well in sun. It thrives in poor soil and dry conditions, whereas rich soil produces much leafy growth and few flowers. Some varieties adopt a bush form while others scramble over and through other plants and are useful for planting in awkward spots or for covering fences and [[trellis (architecture)|trellis]]es.<ref name=Genus>{{cite web |url=http://homepage.ntlworld.com/john.mcfarlane/The%20genus%20Tropaeolum.html |title=The Genus ''Tropaeolum'' |author=McFarlane, J. S. |date=2001-12-29 |access-date=2012-06-05 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120702232809/http://homepage.ntlworld.com/john.mcfarlane/The%20genus%20Tropaeolum.html |archive-date=2012-07-02 }}</ref>

The following [[cultivar]]s have gained the [[Royal Horticultural Society]]'s [[Award of Garden Merit]]:
* 'Alaska Series'<ref>{{cite web |url=http://apps.rhs.org.uk/plantselector/plant?plantid=4516 |title=''Tropaeolum majus'' Alaska Series (v) AGM |publisher=Royal Horticultural Society |access-date=2012-09-08}}</ref>
* 'Hermine Grashoff'<ref>{{cite web |url=http://apps.rhs.org.uk/plantselector/plant?plantid=1953 |title=''Tropaeolum majus'' 'Hermine Grashoff' (d) AGM |publisher=Royal Horticultural Society |access-date=2012-09-08}}</ref>
* 'Whirlybird Series'<ref>{{cite web |url=http://apps.rhs.org.uk/plantselector/plant?plantid=4219 |title=''Tropaeolum'' Whirlybird Series AGM |publisher=Royal Horticultural Society |access-date=2012-09-08}}</ref>

The [[Tropaeolum azureum|blue nasturtium]] (''Tropaeolum azureum'') is a tender species from Chile which has violet-blue flowers with white eyes that can be as much as {{convert|4|cm|in|frac=2|abbr=on}} across.<ref name=PBS/>

''[[Tropaeolum brachyceras]]'' has {{convert|2.5|cm|0|abbr=on}} yellow flowers with purplish markings on wiry, climbing stems. It is a half-hardy perennial from Chile and may remain [[Dormancy|dormant]] for several years before being sparked into growth by some unknown trigger factor.<ref name=PBS/>

''[[Tropaeolum hookerianum]]'' is a tuberous-rooted species from Chile. There are two subspecies, ''T.&nbsp;h.&nbsp;austropurpureum'' which has violet-purple flowers and ''T.&nbsp;h.&nbsp;pilosum'' with yellow flowers.<ref name=PBS/>

The [[Tropaeolum peregrinum|Canary creeper]] (''Tropaeolum peregrinum'') is a trailing and climbing half-hardy annual species with wiry stalks and palmately lobed leaves. The pale yellow, fringed flowers are borne on long stalks. It originated from [[Peru]] but may first have been cultivated in the [[Canary Islands]] before being introduced into Western Europe.<ref name=World/>

[[Tropaeolum polyphyllum|Wreath nasturtium]] (''Tropaeolum polyphyllum'') is a prostrate plant originating from Argentina and Chile. It has silvery, deeply lobed leaves and a profusion of small, bright yellow flowers on long trailing stalks. After flowering, the plant dies back. It is a perennial with underground [[rhizome]]s which send up new shoots at intervals. It will survive for several years in a suitable sunny location with well-drained soil.<ref name=World/> It is a very hardy species; the tubers can grow at depths of {{convert|60|cm|0|abbr=on}} enabling the plant to survive at altitudes of as much as 3,300&nbsp;metres (10,000&nbsp;ft) in the Andes.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://rareplants.co.uk/product.asp?P_ID=1007 |title=''Tropaeolum polyphyllum'' |publisher=Rare Plants |access-date=2014-06-04}}</ref>

The [[Tropaeolum speciosum|flame flower]] (''Tropaeolum speciosum'') is well adapted to cool, moist climates and famously does well in Scotland. It sends up shoots that thread their way through hedges and shrubs and, when they emerge into the light, bear brilliant red flowers among small, five or six-lobed leaves. It is difficult to establish but is an attractive garden plant when it thrives.<ref name=World/> This plant has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://apps.rhs.org.uk/plantselector/plant?plantid=1954 |title=''Tropaeolum speciosum'' AGM |publisher=Royal Horticultural Society |access-date=2012-09-08}}</ref>

[[Tropaeolum tricolor|Three-coloured Indian cress]] (''Tropaeolum tricolor'') is another tuberous, climbing species grown for its attractive red, purple and yellow tubular flowers. It comes from Chile and [[Bolivia]] and is a reliable winter-growing species.<ref name=PBS>{{cite web |url=http://www.pacificbulbsociety.org/pbswiki/index.php/Tropaeolum |title=Tropaeolum: ''Tropaeolum tricolor'' |publisher=Pacific Bulb Society |access-date=2012-06-23}}</ref>

[[Mashua]] (''Tropaeolum tuberosum'') is a perennial climbing plant from the [[Andes]] grown for its tuberous roots. It has been cultivated since ancient times, and depictions of it are found at archaeological sites pre-dating the [[Inca]]s. It has leaves with five to seven lobes and small, long-spurred, red and yellow flowers. The tubers have an unpleasant smell when raw, which disappears on cooking. It is frost-hardy and produces crops of 30 tonnes per hectare at an elevation of {{convert|3000|m}} above sea level.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1434&context=ebl |title=Mashua Ethnobotanical Leaflet |publisher=Southern Illinois University |access-date=2012-06-21}}</ref> The cultivar ''T. tuberosum lineamaculatum'' 'Ken Aslet' has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.
<ref>{{cite web |url=http://apps.rhs.org.uk/plantselector/plant?plantid=1955 |title=''Tropaeolum tuberosum'' var. ''lineamaculatum'' 'Ken Aslet' AGM |publisher=Royal Horticultural Society |access-date=2012-09-08 |archive-date=2013-06-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130615062326/http://apps.rhs.org.uk/plantselector/plant?plantid=1955 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Species originating from the coastal areas and lower foothills make most of their growth in winter, whereas the true alpine species are summer growers. Tuberous ''Tropaeolum'' species are well known for occasionally remaining [[Dormancy|dormant]] for one or more years. The species with underground rhizomes and tubers can be propagated from these, while other species are best raised from seed. Many growers favour fresh seed, but dried seed is also often successful. Seed from the winter growing species should be sown in the autumn, while the summer growing species are best sown in the spring in well-drained compost and covered with {{convert|1|to|2|cm|in|frac=4|abbr=on}} of grit or sand. The containers should be kept at below {{convert|4|°C}} until the seedlings appear in about a month, as too high a temperature inhibits [[germination]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pacificbulbsociety.org/pbswiki/index.php/Tropaeolum |title=''Tropaeolum'' |publisher=Pacific Bulb Society |access-date=2012-06-23}}</ref>

== Uses ==

=== Culinary ===
[[File:P7024519ナスタチウムサラダ.jpg|thumb|Salad with flowers and leaves]]
All parts of ''[[Tropaeolum majus]]'' are edible. The flower has most often been consumed, making for an especially ornamental salad ingredient; it has a slightly peppery taste reminiscent of [[watercress]] and is also used in [[stir fry]]. The flowers contain about 130&nbsp;mg [[vitamin C]] per {{convert|100|g|oz|frac=2}},<ref name=PFAF>{{cite web |url=http://www.pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Tropaeolum+minus |title=''Tropaeolum minus'' |publisher=Plants For A Future |access-date=2012-06-05}}</ref> about the same amount as is contained in [[parsley]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Parsley, fresh (SR Legacy, 170416) |website=FoodData Central - [[National Agricultural Library]] - [[USDA]] |url=https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/fdc-app.html#/food-details/170416/nutrients |access-date=14 October 2024 }}</ref> Moreover, they contain up to 45&nbsp;mg of [[lutein]] per 100 g,<ref>{{Cite journal |author1=Niizu, P.Y.  |author2=Rodriguez-Amaya, Delia B. |name-list-style=amp
|title = Flowers and leaves of ''Tropaeolum majus'' L. as rich sources of lutein
|journal = Journal of Food Science
|volume = 70
|number = 9
|issn = 1750-3841
|doi = 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2005.tb08336.x
|pages = S605–S609
|year = 2005}}</ref> which is the highest amount found in any edible plant. The unripe seed pods can be harvested and dropped into spiced vinegar to produce a condiment and garnish, sometimes used in place of [[caper]]s.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.plantea.com/nasturtium.htm |title=Poor Man's Capers: How to make gourmet capers from nasturtium seed pods |author=Owen, Marion |access-date=2012-06-24}}</ref>
[[File:Mashua, color amarillo con rayas negritas.jpg|thumb|''[[Tropaeolum tuberosum]]'' tubers]]
[[Mashua]] (''T. tuberosum'') produces an edible underground [[tuber]] that is a major food source in parts of the [[Andes]].

=== Herbal medicine ===
''T. majus'' has been used in herbal medicine for respiratory and [[urinary tract infection]]s.<ref>[https://www.anthromed.org/library/2018/12/27/portrait-of-a-medicinal-plant-tropaeolum-majus-l-nasturtium Portrait of a Medicinal Plant] (Original title: Portraet einer Heilpflanze. ''Tropaeolum majus'' L. - die Kapuzinerkresse. Merkurstab 1995; 48:357-62. English by A. R. Meuss, FIL, MTA.)</ref>

In Germany, licensed physicians can prescribe the herbal antibiotic Angocin Anti-Infekt N, made from only nasturtium and [[horseradish]] root.<ref name="Angocin Anti-Infekt N">{{cite journal | pmid= 16618018
| year= 2006
| last1= Goos
| first1= K. H.
| title= Efficacy and safety profile of a herbal drug containing nasturtium herb and horseradish root in acute sinusitis, acute bronchitis and acute urinary tract infection in comparison with other treatments in the daily practice/results of a prospective cohort study
| journal= Arzneimittelforschung
| volume= 56
| issue= 3
| pages= 249–57
| last2= Albrecht
| first2= U
| last3= Schneider
| first3= B
| doi= 10.1055/s-0031-1296717
| s2cid= 45531401
}}</ref>

=== Companion planting and biological pest control ===
Nasturtiums are used as [[companion planting|companion plant]]s for [[biological pest control]], repelling some pests, acting as a [[trap crop]] for others and attracting predatory insects.<ref name=hum>Hummel, K. [http://web.extension.illinois.edu/ccdms/yg/120811.html Use plants for pest control.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150214051219/http://web.extension.illinois.edu/ccdms/yg/120811.html |date=2015-02-14 }} Coles County Yard and Garden. University of Illinois Extension.</ref><ref name=cornell>{{Cite web|title=Companion Planting|url=http://cceniagaracounty.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/companion-planting-info.pdf|work=Cornell Cooperative Extension|date=May 1999|location=Chemung County|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140529193140/http://cceniagaracounty.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/companion-planting-info.pdf|archive-date=May 29, 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref> While companion planting is a widespread notion and often adopted by home gardeners, there is little but anecdotal evidence to support these claims.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Linda Chalker-Scott, Ph.D.|date=February 20, 2008|title=The Myth of Companion Plantings - "Certain species will thrive, lean on, nestle with, and support each other in groupings"|website=[[Washington State University]]|url=https://s3.wp.wsu.edu/uploads/sites/403/2015/03/companion-plantings.pdf}}</ref>

== Taxonomy ==
''Tropaeolum'' was previously placed in the family Tropaeolaceae along with two other genera, ''Magallana'' <small>[[Cav.]]</small> and ''Trophaeastrum''. The [[monotypic genus]] ''Magallana'' was characterised by having winged fruit, and the two species of ''Trophaeastrum'' lacked spurs. The genus ''Tropaeolum'' was diagnosed only by the absence of the characteristics of the other two genera. A molecular study undertaken in 2000 found ''Tropaeolum'' to be [[paraphyletic]] when the other two genera are segregated, so ''Magallana'' and ''Trophaeastrum'' were reduced to synonyms of ''Tropaeolum''. Tropaeolaceae was thus rendered monogeneric, a family of only one genus.<ref name="Andersson 2000">{{cite journal | title = A molecular phylogeny of Tropaeolaceae and its systematic implications |author1=Andersson, Lennart  |author2=Andersson, Stephan  |name-list-style=amp | journal = Taxon | volume = 49 | issue = 4 | year = 2000 | pages = 721–736 | doi = 10.2307/1223973 | jstor = 1223973}}</ref>

== Species ==
"The Plant List", a collaboration between the [[Missouri Botanical Garden]] and the [[Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew]], includes the following accepted names of ''Tropaeolum'' species names. Some that are under review are here marked "U".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl/search?q=Tropaeolum |title=''Tropaeolum'' |year=2010 |work=The Plant List |access-date=2012-06-23}}</ref> 
{{Columns-list|colwidth=20em|
* ''[[Tropaeolum adpressum]]''
* ''[[Tropaeolum albiflorum]]'' - U
* ''[[Tropaeolum argentinum]]''
* ''[[Tropaeolum asplundii]]''
* ''[[Tropaeolum atrocapillare]]''
* ''[[Tropaeolum atrosanguineum]]'' - U
* ''[[Tropaeolum azureum]]''
* ''[[Tropaeolum beuthii]]''
* ''[[Tropaeolum bicolor]]''
* ''[[Tropaeolum bogotense]]'' - U
* ''[[Tropaeolum boliviense]]'' - U
* ''[[Tropaeolum brachyceras]]''
* ''[[Tropaeolum brasiliense]]''
* ''[[Tropaeolum brideanum]]''
* ''[[Tropaeolum buchenavianum]]'' - U
* ''[[Tropaeolum calcaratum]]''
* ''[[Tropaeolum calvum]]''
* ''[[Tropaeolum capillare]]''
* ''[[Tropaeolum carchense]]''
* ''[[Tropaeolum ciliatum]]''
* ''[[Tropaeolum cirrhipes]]''
* ''[[Tropaeolum cochabambae]]''
* ''[[Tropaeolum concavum]]''
* ''[[Tropaeolum concinneum]]'' - U
* ''[[Tropaeolum canariense]]''
* ''[[Tropaeolum crenatiflorum]]''
* ''[[Tropaeolum cubio]]'' - U
* ''[[Tropaeolum curvirostre]]'' - U
* ''[[Tropaeolum cuspidatum]]''
* ''[[Tropaeolum dawei]]'' - U
* ''[[Tropaeolum deckerianum]]''
* ''[[Tropaeolum denticualtum]]'' - U
* ''[[Tropaeolum dicolorum]]'' - U
* ''[[Tropaeolum dipetalum]]''
* ''[[Tropaeolum elzae]]'' - U
* ''[[Tropaeolum emarginatum]]''
* ''[[Tropaeolum ferreyrae]]''
* ''[[Tropaeolum fintelmannii]]''
* ''[[Tropaeolum flavipilum]]'' - U
* ''[[Tropaeolum garciae]]'' - U
* ''[[Tropaeolum harlingii]]''
* ''[[Tropaeolum hayneanum]]''
* ''[[Tropaeolum hirsutum]]'' - U
* ''[[Tropaeolum hirtifolium]]'' - U
* ''[[Tropaeolum hjertingii]]''
* ''[[Tropaeolum hookerianum]]'' - U
* ''[[Tropaeolum hughesae]]'' - U
* ''[[Tropaeolum huigrense]]''
* ''[[Tropaeolum incisum]]''
* ''[[Tropaeolum integrifolium]]'' - U
* ''[[Tropaeolum jarrattii]]'' - U
* ''[[Tropaeolum jilesii]]''
* ''[[Tropaeolum karstenii]]'' - U
* ''[[Tropaeolum kerneisinum]]''
* ''[[Tropaeolum killipii]]'' - U
* ''[[Tropaeolum kingii]]''
* ''[[Tropaeolum klotzschii]]'' - U
* ''[[Tropaeolum kuntzeanum]]''
* ''[[Tropaeolum lasseri]]''
* ''[[Tropaeolum lehmannii]]'' - U
* ''[[Tropaeolum leichtlinii]]'' - U
* ''[[Tropaeolum leonis]]''
* ''[[Tropaeolum leptophyllum]]''
* ''[[Tropaeolum lindenii]]'' - U
* ''[[Tropaeolum longiflorum]]''
* ''[[Tropaeolum longifolium]]'' - U
* ''[[Tropaeolum looseri]]''
* ''[[Tropaeolum macrophyllum]]'' - U
* ''[[Tropaeolum maculifolium]]'' - U
* ''[[Tropaeolum magnificum]]''
* ''[[Tropaeolum majus]]''
* ''[[Tropaeolum marginatum]]''
* ''[[Tropaeolum menispermifolium]]''
* ''[[Tropaeolum mexiae]]'' - U
* ''[[Tropaeolum meyeri]]''
* ''[[Tropaeolum minus]]''
* ''[[Tropaeolum moritzianum]]''
* ''[[Tropaeolum morreanum]]'' - U
* ''[[Tropaeolum myriophyllum]]''
* ''[[Tropaeolum naudinii]]'' - U
* ''[[Tropaeolum nuptae-jucundae]]''
* ''[[Tropaeolum orinocense]]''
* ''[[Tropaeolum orthoceras]]'' - U
* ''[[Tropaeolum oxalidanthum]]'' - U
* ''[[Tropaeolum papillosum]]''
* ''[[Tropaeolum parvifolium]]'' - U
* ''[[Tropaeolum pellucidum]]'' - U
* ''[[Tropaeolum peltophorum]]''
* ''[[Tropaeolum pendulum]]''
* ''[[Tropaeolum pentagonum]]''
* ''[[Tropaeolum pentaphyllum]]''
* ''[[Tropaeolum peregrinum]]''
* ''[[Tropaeolum polyphyllum]]''
* ''[[Tropaeolum popelari]]'' - U
* ''[[Tropaeolum porifolium]]''
* ''[[Tropaeolum pubescens]]''
* ''[[Tropaeolum purpureum]]''
* ''[[Tropaeolum reichianum]]'' - U
* ''[[Tropaeolum reineckeanum]]'' - U
* ''[[Tropaeolum repandum]]'' - U
* ''[[Tropaeolum rhizophorum]]'' - U
* ''[[Tropaeolum rhomboideum]]''
* ''[[Tropaeolum sanctae-catharinae]]''
* ''[[Tropaeolum scheuerianum]]'' - U
* ''[[Tropaeolum schillingii]]'' - U
* ''[[Tropaeolum schlimii]]'' - U
* ''[[Tropaeolum seemannii]]''
* ''[[Tropaeolum sessilifolium]]''
* ''[[Tropaeolum smithii]]''
* ''[[Tropaeolum sparrei]]'' - U
* ''[[Tropaeolum speciosum]]''
* ''[[Tropaeolum steyermarkianum]]''
* ''[[Tropaeolum stipulatum]]''
* ''[[Tropaeolum tenellum]]'' - U
* ''[[Tropaeolum tenuirostre]]'' - U
* ''[[Tropaeolum traceyae]]'' - U
* ''[[Tropaeolum trialatum]]''
* ''[[Tropaeolum trialatum]]''
* ''[[Tropaeolum tricolor]]''
* ''[[Tropaeolum tricolori-brachyceras]]'' - U
* ''[[Tropaeolum trilobum]]''
* ''[[Tropaeolum trilobum]]''
* ''[[Tropaeolum tuberosum]]''
* ''[[Tropaeolum umbellatum]]''
* ''[[Tropaeolum unilobatum]]'' - U
* ''[[Tropaeolum wagnerianum]]''
* ''[[Tropaeolum warmingianum]]''
* ''[[Tropaeolum warscewiczii]]'' - U
* ''[[Tropaeolum willinkii]]''
}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Angiosperm families}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q158271}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Tropaeolum| ]]
[[Category:Brassicales genera]]
[[Category:Medicinal plants]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus]]