Editing Trent Lott

{{Short description|American politician (born 1941)}}
{{Redirect|Senator Lott}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2019}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| name                = Trent Lott
| image               = Trent Lott official portrait.jpg
| caption             = 
| jr/sr               = United States Senator
| state               = [[Mississippi]]
| term_start          = January 3, 1989
| term_end            = December 18, 2007
| predecessor         = [[John C. Stennis]]
| successor           = [[Roger Wicker]]
{{Collapsed infobox section begin|Senate positions|titlestyle=border: 1px dashed lightgrey;}}
{{Infobox officeholder |embed=yes
| office1             = [[Party leaders of the United States Senate|Senate Majority Leader]]
| deputy1             = Don Nickles
| term_start1         = January 20, 2001
| term_end1           = June 6, 2001
| predecessor1        = [[Tom Daschle]]
| successor1          = Tom Daschle
| term_start2         = June 12, 1996
| term_end2           = January 3, 2001
| predecessor2        = [[Bob Dole]]
| successor2          = Tom Daschle
| office3             = [[Party leaders of the United States Senate|Senate Minority Leader]]
| deputy3             = [[Don Nickles]]
| term_start3         = June 6, 2001
| term_end3           = January 3, 2003
| predecessor3        = Tom Daschle
| successor3          = Tom Daschle
| deputy4             = Don Nickles
| term_start4         = January 3, 2001
| term_end4           = January 20, 2001
| predecessor4        = Tom Daschle
| successor4          = Tom Daschle
| office5             = [[Senate Republican Conference#Floor Leaders|Leader of the Senate Republican Conference]]
| deputy5             = Don Nickles
| term_start5         = June 12, 1996
| term_end5           = January 3, 2003
| predecessor5        = Bob Dole
| successor5          = [[Bill Frist]]
| office6             = [[Party leaders of the United States Senate|Senate Minority Whip]]
| leader6             = [[Mitch McConnell]]
| term_start6         = January 3, 2007
| term_end6           = December 18, 2007
| predecessor6        = [[Dick Durbin]]
| successor6          = [[Jon Kyl]]
| office7             = [[Party leaders of the United States Senate|Senate Majority Whip]]
| leader7             = Bob Dole
| term_start7         = January 3, 1995
| term_end7           = June 12, 1996
| predecessor7        = [[Wendell Ford]]
| successor7          = Don Nickles
}}
{{Collapsed infobox section end}}
| office8             = [[Party leaders of the United States House of Representatives|House Minority Whip]]
| leader8             = Robert H. Michel
| term_start8         = January 3, 1981
| term_end8           = January 3, 1989
| predecessor8        = [[Robert H. Michel]]
| successor8          = [[Dick Cheney]]
| state9              = [[Mississippi]]
| district9           = {{ushr|MS|5|5th}}
| term_start9         = January 3, 1973
| term_end9           = January 3, 1989
| predecessor9        = [[William M. Colmer]]
| successor9          = [[Larkin I. Smith]]
| birth_name          = Chester Trent Lott
| birth_date          = {{birth date and age|1941|10|9}}
| birth_place         = [[Grenada, Mississippi|Grenada]], [[Mississippi]], U.S.
| death_date          = 
| death_place         = 
| party               = [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] (1972–present)
| otherparty          = [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] (before 1972)
| spouse              = {{marriage|Patricia Thompson|1964}}
| children            = 2
| education           = [[University of Mississippi]] (BPA, [[Juris Doctor|JD]])
| signature           = Trent Lott Signature.gif
| module              = {{Listen|pos=center|embed=yes|filename=Senate Majority Leader Trent Lott on U.S. Policy Towards Saddam Hussein's Iraq.ogg|title=Trent Lott's voice|type=speech|description=Trent Lott speaks on U.S. policy towards [[Ba'athist Iraq|Saddam Hussein's Iraq]]<br/>Recorded February 12, 1998}}
}}

'''Chester Trent Lott Sr.''' (born October 9, 1941) is an American lobbyist, lawyer, author, and politician who represented [[Mississippi]] in the [[United States House of Representatives]] from 1973 to 1989 and in the [[United States Senate]] from 1989 to 2007. Lott served in numerous leadership positions in both chambers of Congress as one of the first of a wave of [[Republican Party (United States)|Republicans]] winning seats in Southern states that had been [[Solid South|solidly Democratic]]. Later in his career, he served twice as [[Senate Majority Leader]], and also, alternately, [[Senate Minority Leader]]. In 2003, he stepped down from the position after controversy due to his praising of Senator [[Strom Thurmond]]'s [[1948 United States presidential election|1948]] [[Racial segregation in the United States|segregationist]] [[Dixiecrat]] presidential bid.

From 1968 to 1972, Lott was an administrative assistant to Representative [[William M. Colmer]] of Mississippi, who was also the chairman of the [[House Rules Committee]]. Upon Colmer's retirement, Lott won Colmer's former seat in the House of Representatives. In 1988, Lott ran successfully for the U.S. Senate to replace another retiree, [[John C. Stennis]]. After Republicans took the majority in the Senate, Lott became [[Senate Majority Whip]] in 1995 and then Senate Majority Leader in 1996, upon the resignation of presidential nominee [[Bob Dole]] of Kansas. Following GOP losses in the 2000 Senate races that resulted in a 50–50 split, Lott briefly became Senate Minority Leader, as Democrat [[Al Gore]] was still [[Vice President of the United States|Vice President]] and President of the Senate{{Efn|In the event of a tie vote on the Senate floor, the constitution states that the Vice President casts the deciding vote.}} at the beginning of the new term on January 3, 2001. Seventeen days later, Lott was restored as Senate Majority Leader after Republicans regained control of the chamber upon the inauguration of the new vice president, [[Dick Cheney]], on January 20. Lott was Senate Majority Leader until June 6, 2001, when Vermont Senator [[Jim Jeffords]] changed his party affiliation from Republican to [[Independent (politics)|Independent]], and caucused with the Senate Democrats for the remainder of his term. Thereafter, Lott again served as Senate Minority Leader.

Following [[2002 United States Senate elections|Republican gains]] in the [[2002 United States elections|2002 midterm elections]], Lott was slated to again become Majority Leader when the next Senate session began in January 2003. However, on December 20, 2002, after significant controversy following comments he made regarding [[Strom Thurmond]]'s presidential candidacy, Lott resigned as Senate Minority Leader.

Though no longer in leadership, Lott remained in the Senate until resigning in 2007. Fellow Republican [[Roger Wicker]] won the [[United States Senate special election in Mississippi, 2008|2008 special election]] to replace him. Lott became a lobbyist, co-founding the Breaux–Lott Leadership Group. The firm was later acquired by law and lobbying firm [[Patton Boggs]]. Lott serves as a Senior Fellow at the [[Bipartisan Policy Center]] (BPC), where he focuses on issues related to energy, national security, transportation and congressional reforms. Lott is also a co-chair of BPC's Energy Project. In June 2020 Lott was fired from the Washington law and lobbying firm [[Squire Patton Boggs]] while negotiating to join another firm.<ref>Theodoric Meyer, [https://www.politico.com/news/2020/06/09/trent-lott-fired-from-top-lobbying-firm-308828 "Trent Lott fired by top lobbying firm: Squire Patton Boggs gave no reason for the sudden departure, but Lott said in an interview he was negotiating to join another firm"]. ''POLITICO'', June 9, 2020.</ref> Days later on June 15, 2020, Lott joined Crossroads Strategies along with his longtime colleague [[John Breaux]].<ref>Theodoric Meyer, [https://www.politico.com/news/2020/06/15/trent-lott-john-breaux-crossroads-strategies-319301 "Trent Lott and John Breaux sign on at Crossroads Strategies"]. ''POLITICO'', June 15, 2020.</ref>

==Early life==
Lott was born in [[Grenada, Mississippi]], and lived his early years in nearby [[Duck Hill, Mississippi|Duck Hill]], where his father, Chester Paul Lott, sharecropped a stretch of cotton field. Lott's mother, the former Iona Watson, was a schoolteacher. Lott's father was a philanderer with a drinking problem, and Lott frequently acted as a mediator when his mother threatened his father with divorce.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oU2cm1bOIGIC&q=divorce |title=Herding Cats: A Life in Politics |isbn=9780060599317 |last1=Lott |first1=Tren |date=August 23, 2005|publisher=Harper Collins }}</ref> When Lott was in the sixth grade, the family moved to [[Pascagoula, Mississippi|Pascagoula]], where Lott's father worked at a shipyard.<ref>{{cite news |title=Iona Watson Lott (Obituary) |newspaper=Rome News-Tribune |date=July 12, 2005 |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=W-QyAAAAIBAJ&pg=4253%2C3521995}}</ref>

Lott attended college at the [[University of Mississippi]] in [[Oxford, Mississippi|Oxford]], where he obtained an undergraduate degree in [[public administration]] in 1963 and a [[Juris doctor]] degree in 1967. He served as a field representative for Ole Miss and was president of his fraternity, [[Sigma Nu]]. Lott was also an Ole Miss cheerleader, on the same team with future U.S. Senator [[Thad Cochran]].<ref name="wapo1">{{cite news|title=Two From Ole Miss, Hitting It Big |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/politics/special/clinton/stories/olemiss010799.htm|first=Linton|last=Weeks|newspaper=The Washington Post|date=January 8, 1999}}</ref> At the time that Lott was president, the Sigma Nu fraternity house was raided by the troops from the [[716th Military Police Battalion|716th Battalion]] during the "[[Ole Miss riot of 1962|Battle of Oxford]]". They discovered a sizeable weapon cache.<ref>[[#Doyle|Doyle (2001)]], p. 281.</ref>

Regarding his education, the ''[[Congressional Record]]'' from 1999 quotes Senator Lott declaring: "I am a product of public education from the first grade through the second, third, and fourth grades where I went to school at Duck Hill, Mississippi, and I had better teachers in the second, third, and fourth grades in Duck Hill, Mississippi, than I had the rest of my life."<ref>{{cite web |title=Reauthorizing the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 |website=[[Congressional Record]] |publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office|year=1999|url=http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CRECB-1999-pt16/html/CRECB-1999-pt16-Pg22592-4.htm}}</ref>

While an undergraduate at the University of Mississippi, Lott participated in the effort at the 1964 national convention of the [[Sigma Nu]] fraternity to oppose a [[Civil Rights Movement|civil rights]] amendment proposed by the [[Dartmouth College]] and [[Duke University]] chapters to end mandatory racial exclusion by the fraternity. Lott sided with the [[Racial segregation in the United States|segregationists]] who defeated the amendment. The Dartmouth chapter subsequently seceded from the fraternity, and Sigma Nu remained whites-only until later in the decade.<ref>{{cite news|last=Sweet|first=Kimberly|title=Duke frat alumni recall taking anti-segregation stand Sen. Lott's role renews interest in '64 Sigma Nu vote|newspaper=The Durham Herald Sun|date=December 18, 2002}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.time.com/time/nation/article/0,8599,399310,00.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20021213014801/http://www.time.com/time/nation/article/0,8599,399310,00.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=December 13, 2002 |magazine=Time |first=Karen |last=Tumulty |title=Trent Lott's Segregationist College Days |date=December 12, 2002}}</ref>

==Political career==

===House of Representatives===
[[File:Nixon Contact Sheet WHPO-E1454 (cropped).jpg|thumb|left|Lott with [[President of the United States|President]] [[Richard Nixon]] in 1973]] 
[[File:Ronald Reagan and Trent Lott.jpg|thumb|left|Lott with [[President of the United States|President]] [[Ronald Reagan]] in 1982]] 
Lott served as administrative assistant to [[U.S. House Committee on Rules|House Rules Committee]] chairman [[William M. Colmer]], also of [[Pascagoula, Mississippi|Pascagoula]], from 1968 to 1972.

In 1972, Colmer, one of the most [[conservative Democrat]]s in the House, announced his retirement after 40 years in Congress. He endorsed Lott as his successor in Mississippi's [[Mississippi's 5th congressional district|5th District]], located in the state's southern tip, even though Lott ran as a Republican. Lott won handily, in large part due to [[Richard Nixon]]'s landslide victory in [[1972 United States presidential election|that year's presidential election]]. Nixon won the 5th district with an astonishing 87 percent of the vote; it was his strongest congressional district in the entire nation.<ref>Barone, Michael; et al. ''The Almanac of American Politics'' (1976), p. 465.</ref>

Lott and his future Senate colleague, [[Thad Cochran]] (also elected to Congress that year), were only the second and third Republicans elected to Congress from Mississippi since [[Reconstruction era of the United States|Reconstruction]] ([[Prentiss Walker]] was the first in 1964). Lott's strong showing in the polls landed him on the powerful [[United States House Committee on the Judiciary|House Judiciary Committee]] as a freshman, where he voted against all three articles of impeachment drawn up against Nixon during the committee's debate. After Nixon released the infamous "smoking gun" transcripts (which proved Nixon's involvement in the [[Watergate]] cover-up), however, Lott announced that he would vote to impeach Nixon when the articles came up for debate before the full House (as did the other Republicans who voted against impeachment in committee).

Lott became very popular in his district, even though almost none of its living residents had been represented by a Republican before. As evidence, in November 1974, Lott won a second term in a blowout. Cochran was also reelected in a rout; he and Lott were the first Republicans to win a second term in Congress from the state since Reconstruction. They were among the few bright spots in a year that saw many Republicans turned out of office due to anger over Watergate. Lott was re-elected six more times without much difficulty, and even ran unopposed in 1978. However, conservative Democrats continued to hold most of the region's seats in the state legislature, as well as most local offices, well into the 2000s.

In [[1980 United States presidential election|1980]], he served as [[Ronald Reagan]]'s Mississippi state chairman.<ref>Kornacki, Steve (February 3, 2011) [http://www.salon.com/news/politics/war_room/2011/02/03/reagan_southern_strategy/index.html The "Southern Strategy", fulfilled] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110413151441/http://www.salon.com/news/politics/war_room/2011/02/03/reagan_southern_strategy/index.html |date=April 13, 2011 }}, ''[[Salon.com]]''</ref> He served as [[Party whips of the United States House of Representatives|House Minority Whip]] (the second-ranking Republican in the House) from 1981 to 1989; he was the first Southern Republican to hold such a high leadership position.

===United States Senate===
[[File:George W. Bush in the Oval Office 2001 west door opened.jpg|thumb|left|Lott with [[President of the United States|President]] [[George W. Bush]] in 2001]] 
[[File:Gingrich and Lott.jpg|thumb|right|Sen. Trent Lott with former [[Speaker of the United States House of Representatives|Speaker of the House]] [[Newt Gingrich]] (R-GA) at the [[2004 Republican National Convention]]; both Lott and Gingrich provided consistent support to President [[George W. Bush]]]]
Lott ran for the Senate in 1988, after 42-year incumbent [[John Stennis]] announced he would not run for another term. He defeated Democratic [[Mississippi's 4th congressional district|4th District]] Congressman [[Wayne Dowdy]] by almost eight points. Lott won by running up a 70 percent margin in his congressional district, and was also helped by [[George H. W. Bush]] easily carrying the state in the presidential election. He never faced another contest nearly that close. He was re-elected in 1994, 2000, and 2006 with no substantive Democratic opposition. He gave some thought to retirement for much of 2005, however, after [[Hurricane Katrina]], he announced on January 17, 2006, that he would run for a fourth term.

In 1989, on the 25th anniversary of the [[Murders of Chaney, Goodman, and Schwerner|murder of the civil rights activists James Chaney, Andrew Goodman, and Michael Schwerner]], Lott and the rest of the Mississippi congressional delegation refused to vote for the non-binding resolution honoring the three men which nevertheless passed the Congress.<ref name="Ladd">{{cite news |last=Ladd |first=Donna |title=Dredging Up the Past: Why Mississippians Must Tell Our Own Stories |newspaper=Jackson Free Press |date=29 May 2007 |url=http://www.jacksonfreepress.com/news/2007/may/30/dredging-up-the-past-why-mississippians-must-tell/ |access-date=15 October 2011}}</ref>

He became [[Assistant party leaders of the United States Senate|Senate Majority Whip]] when the Republicans took control of the Senate in 1995. In June 1996, he ran for the post of [[Party leaders of the United States Senate|Senate Majority Leader]] to succeed Republican [[Bob Dole]], who had resigned from the Senate to concentrate on [[1996 United States presidential election|his presidential campaign]]. Lott faced his Mississippi colleague [[Thad Cochran]], the then-[[Republican Conference Chairman of the United States Senate|Chairman of the Senate Republican Conference]]. Cochran cast himself as an "institutionalist" and who would help to rebuild public trust in Congress through compromise over conflict. Lott promised a "more aggressive" style of leadership and courted the younger Senate conservatives. Lott won by 44 votes to 8.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://blogs.rollcall.com/hawkings/thad-cochran-primary-history-chris-mcdaniel-mississippi |title=What Cochran Vs. Lott Said About Today's GOP Civil War |date=June 8, 2014 |access-date=July 23, 2014 |publisher=Roll Call |author=David Hawkings |archive-date=August 10, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140810053550/http://blogs.rollcall.com/hawkings/thad-cochran-primary-history-chris-mcdaniel-mississippi/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> As majority leader, Lott had a major role in the Senate trial following the [[impeachment of Bill Clinton|impeachment]] of President [[Bill Clinton]]. After the House narrowly voted to impeach Clinton, Lott proceeded with the Senate trial in early 1999, despite criticisms that Republicans were far short of the two-thirds majority required under the [[United States Constitution|Constitution]] to convict Clinton and remove him from office.

Lott generally pursued a conservative position in politics and was a noted [[social conservative]]. For instance, in 1998, Lott caused some controversy in Congress when as a guest on the [[Armstrong Williams]] television show, he equated [[homosexuality]] with [[alcoholism]], [[kleptomania]] and [[sex addiction]]. When Williams, a conservative talk show host, asked Lott whether homosexuality is a [[sin]], Lott simply replied, "Yes, it is."<ref name="mitchell">{{cite news |url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9E03EFDC133DF934A25755C0A96E958260 |work=[[The New York Times]] |title=Controversy Over Lott's Views of Homosexuals |first=Alison |last=Mitchell |date=June 17, 1998 |access-date=February 1, 2008 }}</ref> Lott's stance against homosexuality was disconcerting to [[Modern liberalism in the United States|liberal]] [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic Party]] elected officials and the [[Human Rights Campaign Fund]], an advocacy group for gay rights.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/06/17/us/controversy-over-lott-s-views-of-homosexuals.html|title=Controversy Over Lott's Views of Homosexuals|first=Alison|last=Mitchell|newspaper=The New York Times|date=June 17, 1998 }}</ref>

According to the [[Anti-Defamation League]], Lott was a frequent speaker at the [[white supremacist]] group [[Council of Conservative Citizens]].<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.adl.org/learn/ext_us/CCCitizens.asp?xpicked=3&item=12| title = Council of Conservative Citizens -- Extremism in America| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080521030435/http://www.adl.org/learn/ext_us/CCCitizens.asp?xpicked=3&item=12| archive-date = May 21, 2008}}</ref> Although he denied knowing of the group's intentions,<ref>{{cite news |title=The political success of the Council of Conservative Citizens, explained |date=2015-06-22 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221230222606/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-fix/wp/2015/06/22/the-odd-political-success-of-the-white-supremacist-council-of-conservative-citizens-explained/ |archive-date=December 30, 2022 |url-status=live |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-fix/wp/2015/06/22/the-odd-political-success-of-the-white-supremacist-council-of-conservative-citizens-explained/ |access-date=August 8, 2018 }}</ref> it was later revealed members of his family had CCC membership.<ref>[https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/politics/daily/march99/lott29.htm The Washington Post]</ref>

After the [[United States Senate election, 2000|2000 elections]] produced a 50–50 partisan split in the Senate, [[Vice President of the United States|Vice President]] [[Al Gore]]'s tie-breaking vote gave the Democrats the majority from January 3 to 20, 2001, when [[George W. Bush]] took office and Vice President [[Dick Cheney]]'s tie-breaking vote gave the Republicans the majority once again. Later in 2001, he became [[Party leaders of the United States Senate|Senate Minority Leader]] again after Vermont senator [[Jim Jeffords]] became an independent and caucused with the Democrats, allowing them to regain the majority. He was due to become majority leader again in early 2003 after Republican [[United States Senate election, 2002|gains in the November 2002 elections]].

====Resignation from Senate leadership====
Lott spoke on December 5, 2002, at the 100th birthday party of Senator [[Strom Thurmond]] of South Carolina, a retiring Republican senator who had switched parties from the Democrats decades earlier. Thurmond had run for [[President of the United States]] in 1948 on the [[Dixiecrat]] (or States' Rights Democratic) ticket. Lott said: "When Strom Thurmond ran for president, we voted for him. We're proud of it. And if the rest of the country had followed our lead, we wouldn't have had all these problems over all these years, either."<ref name=wapo2>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/2002/12/11/lott-remarks-on-thurmond-echoed-1980-words/c613ae1c-e17d-41c1-836a-4dd0741ec7c8/ |newspaper=The Washington Post |title=Lott Remarks on Thurmond Echoed 1980 Words |first1=Thomas B. |last1=Edsall |first2=Brian |last2=Faler |date=December 11, 2002 |access-date=May 26, 2010}}</ref>

As a senator and presidential candidate, Thurmond maintained an explicit [[States' Rights]] platform that challenged the [[Civil Rights Movement]] and later, the [[Civil Rights Act of 1964|Civil Rights Act]] as illegally overturning the [[separation of powers under the United States Constitution]] and called for the preservation of [[Racial segregation in the United States|racial segregation]]. ''[[The Washington Post]]'' reported that Lott had made similar comments about Thurmond's candidacy in a 1980 rally.<ref name=wapo2 /> Lott gave an interview to [[Black Entertainment Television|BET]] explaining himself and repudiating Thurmond's former views.<ref name=cnnbet>[http://www.cnn.com/2002/ALLPOLITICS/12/13/lott.transcript/index.html Transcript of Lott interview on BET], December 13, 2002</ref>

In the wake of the controversy, Lott resigned as Senate Republican Leader on December 20, 2002, effective at the start of the next session, January 3, 2003. [[Bill Frist]] of [[Tennessee]] was later elected to the leadership position. In the book ''[[Free Culture (book)|Free Culture]]'', [[Lawrence Lessig]] argues that Lott's resignation would not have occurred had it not been for the effect of Internet [[blog]]s. He says that though the story "disappear[ed] from the mainstream press within forty-eight hours", "bloggers kept researching the story" until, "finally, the story broke back into the mainstream press."<ref name="lessig">{{cite book |last=Lessig |first=Lawrence |title=Free Culture: How Big Media Uses Technology and the Law to Lock Down Culture and Control Creativity |year=2004 |publisher=Penguin |isbn=978-1-59420-006-9 }}</ref> ''The New York Times'', however, attributed his resignation to "ruthless maneuvering" by [[Karl Rove]] and George W. Bush to depose Lott, "a threat to the president’s agenda", and replace him with Frist, who had "long been the president's choice."<ref>{{Cite news|last=Bumiller|first=Elisabeth|date=2002-12-21|title=DIVISIVE WORDS: BEHIND THE SCENES; With Signals and Maneuvers, Bush Orchestrates an Ouster|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2002/12/21/us/divisive-words-behind-scenes-with-signals-maneuvers-bush-orchestrates-ouster.html|access-date=2022-01-14|issn=0362-4331}}</ref>

[[File:Lott Portrait.jpg|thumb|175px|Lott's official Senate portrait]]
After losing the Majority Leader post, Lott was less visible on the national scene, although he did break with some standard [[Conservatism in the United States|conservative]] positions. He battled with Bush over military base closures in his home state. He showed support for passenger rail initiatives, notably his 2006 bipartisan introduction, with Sen. [[Frank Lautenberg]] of [[New Jersey]], of legislation to provide 80 percent federal matching grants to intercity rail and guarantee adequate funding for [[Amtrak]].<ref name="ranting">{{cite news |url=http://sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/c/a/2006/04/30/ING4PIGEQC1.DTL |title=Ranting about rail |work=[[San Francisco Chronicle]] |date=April 30, 2006 |first=Tim |last=Holt |access-date=February 1, 2008 }}</ref> On July 18, 2006, Lott voted with 19 Republican senators for the [[Stem Cell Research Enhancement Act]] to lift restrictions on federal funding for the research. On November 15, 2006, Lott regained a leadership position in the Senate, when he was named Minority Whip after defeating [[Lamar Alexander]] of [[Tennessee]] 25–24.<ref name=rejoins>{{cite news |last=Babington |first=Charles |title=Lott Rejoins Senate Leadership |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/11/15/AR2006111500533.html |access-date=December 21, 2007 |date=November 16, 2006 |newspaper=[[Washington Post]]}}</ref>

Senator [[John E. Sununu]] (R) of [[New Hampshire]] said, after Lott's election as Senate Minority Whip, "He understands the rules. He's a strong negotiator." Former [[Speaker of the United States House of Representatives|House Speaker]] [[Newt Gingrich]] (R) said he's "the smartest legislative politician I've ever met."<ref name=revival>{{cite news |last=Calabresi |first=Massimo |title=The Revival of Trent Lott |date=November 19, 2006 |url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1561139,00.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061122235100/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1561139,00.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=November 22, 2006 |work=[[Time Magazine]] |access-date=March 25, 2007}}</ref>

==== 2006 re-election campaign ====
{{Main|2006 United States Senate election in Mississippi}}
Lott faced no Republican opposition in his primary race. State representative [[Erik R. Fleming]] placed first of four candidates in the June Democratic primary, but did not receive the 50 percent of the vote required to earn the party's nomination. Fleming and the second-place finisher, business consultant Bill Bowlin, faced off in a runoff on June 27, which Fleming won with 65% of the vote. Fleming criticized Lott for not doing enough to alleviate poverty in "the poorest state in the nation." Fleming's bid was viewed as a longshot, and Lott handily defeated him with 64% of the vote in November.<ref>{{cite news |date=28 June 2006 |title=Fleming gets nod to challenge Lott |url=https://www.vicksburgpost.com/2006/06/28/fleming-gets-nod-to-challenge-lott62806/ |access-date=5 January 2024 |work=[[The Vicksburg Post]] |publisher=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Federal Elections 2006: Election Results for the U.S. Senate and the U.S. House of Representatives |url=https://www.fec.gov/resources/cms-content/documents/2006senate.pdf |access-date=5 January 2024 |website=FEC.gov}}</ref>

==== Resignation ====
On November 26, 2007, Lott announced that he would resign his Senate seat by the end of 2007.<ref name="msnbc-resign-11-26-2007">{{Cite web |date=2007-11-26 |title=Trent Lott announces his resignation |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna21973397 |access-date=2024-01-10 |website=NBC News |language=en}}</ref> According to [[CNN]], his resignation was at least partly due to the [[Honest Leadership and Open Government Act]], which forbade lawmakers from lobbying for two years after leaving office. Those who left by the end of 2007 were covered by the previous law, which he cosponsored and which required a wait of only one year.<ref name="cnnresignation">{{cite news |url=http://www.cnn.com/2007/POLITICS/11/26/lott.resign/index.html |title=Senate's No. 2 Republican to resign by end of year |date=November 26, 2007 |access-date=February 1, 2008 |work=[[CNN.com]]}}</ref> In an interview regarding his resignation, Lott said that the new law "didn't have a big role" in his decision to resign.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.democracynow.org/2007/11/29/is_trent_lott_leaving_senate_to|title=Is Trent Lott Leaving Senate To Dodge New Ethics Law on Lobbying?|website=[[Democracy Now!]]|access-date=March 26, 2019}}</ref>

Lott's resignation became effective at 11:30&nbsp;p.m. on December 18, 2007.<ref>{{cite web |last=Kapochunas |first=Rachel |date=December 19, 2007 |title=Lott Officially Resigns, All Eyes Now on Barbour |url=http://www.cqpolitics.com/wmspage.cfm?parm1=5&docID=news-000002646810 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090104042116/http://www.cqpolitics.com/wmspage.cfm?parm1=5&docID=news-000002646810 |archive-date=January 4, 2009 |access-date=July 1, 2009 |website=[[Congressional Quarterly]]}}</ref> On January 7, 2008, it was announced that Lott and former Senator [[John Breaux]] of [[Louisiana]], a Democrat, opened their lobbying firm about a block from the White House.<ref name="clarionledger" >{{cite news |title=Lott joins heavy lawmaker-to-lobbyist trend |first=Ana |last=Radelat |url=http://www.clarionledger.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20080108/NEWS/801080363/1001/NEWS |work=[[Clarion-Ledger]] |date=January 8, 2008}}</ref>

== Post-Senate career ==
[[File:Trent Lott and Cindy Hyde-Smith.jpg|thumb|right|Lott with [[Cindy Hyde-Smith]] in 2018]]
In January 2008, he co-founded the Breaux-Lott Leadership Group, a "strategic advice, consulting, and lobbying" firm together with former Louisiana Senator [[John Breaux]].<ref name="thehill.com">{{cite web|url=https://thehill.com/business-a-lobbying/56467-trent-lott-keeps-his-southern-ties-through-lobbying/|title=Trent Lott keeps his Southern ties through lobbying|first=Ashley|last=Perks|date=December 8, 2009}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Breaux Lott |url=http://breauxlott.com/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100113110559/http://breauxlott.com/ |archive-date=January 13, 2010 |website=Beaux Lott Leadership Group}}</ref> The firm was later acquired by law and lobbying firm [[Patton Boggs]],<ref name=WaPo20100702>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/07/01/AR2010070105008.html |newspaper=The Washington Post |first=Dan |last=Eggen |title=Patton Boggs lobbying firm buys group run by Lott, Breaux |date=July 2, 2010}}</ref> now [[Squire Patton Boggs]] following the June 2014 merger with [[Squire Sanders]]. In September 2014, lobbyist filings revealed that Lott was contracted to advocate on behalf of [[Gazprombank]], a Russian majority state-owned bank targeted with sanctions over the [[2014 pro-Russian unrest in Ukraine]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Cohen |first=Alexander |url=http://www.publicintegrity.org/2014/09/02/15450/russian-bank-hires-two-former-us-senators |title=Russian bank hires two former U.S. senators |work=[[Center for Public Integrity]] |date=September 2, 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140915235259/http://www.publicintegrity.org/2014/09/02/15450/russian-bank-hires-two-former-us-senators |archive-date=September 15, 2014 |access-date=September 21, 2014}}</ref> Lott was fired by Squire Patton Boggs in June 2020; no explanation was initially provided for his departure.<ref>{{cite news|url = https://www.politico.com/news/2020/06/09/trent-lott-fired-from-top-lobbying-firm-308828|title = Trent Lott fired by top lobbying firm|work = [[Politico]]|date = June 9, 2020|access-date = June 9, 2020|last = Meyer|first = Theodoric}}</ref> The firm later said Lott was removed because of the [[George Floyd protests|anti-racism 2020 protests]], though Lott was already in negotiations to leave the firm. Lott joined lobbying firm Crossroad Strategies; John Breaux joined shortly after leaving Squire Patton Boggs.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gangitano |first=Alex |date=2020-06-15 |title=Lott, Breaux join lobbying shop Crossroads Strategies |url=https://thehill.com/business-a-lobbying/business-a-lobbying/502725-lott-breaux-join-lobbying-shop-crossroads-strategies/ |access-date=2024-01-10 |website=The Hill |language=en-US}}</ref> Lott also served on the EADS North America (now known as [[Airbus]]) board of directors.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Lott |first=Trent |date=2018-02-08 |title=Frivolous lawsuits impacting military readiness |url=https://thehill.com/blogs/congress-blog/politics/372834-frivolous-lawsuits-impacting-military-readiness/ |access-date=2024-01-10 |work=The Hill |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2008-10-15 |title=Trent Lott Named To EADS Board |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/trent-lott-named-to-eads-board/ |access-date=2024-01-10 |website=CBS News |language=en-US |agency=Politico}}</ref>

On February 14, 2009, ''[[The New York Times]]'' reported the indictment of Judge [[Bobby DeLaughter]] for taking bribes from [[Richard Scruggs]], Lott's brother-in-law. Scruggs represented Lott in litigation against [[State Farm Insurance]] company after the insurer refused to pay claims for the loss of his Mississippi home in [[Hurricane Katrina]].<ref name="treaster">{{cite news|url=https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/2007/11/29/business/29bribes.html|title=Lawyer Battling for Katrina Payments Is Indicted|last=Treaster|first=Joseph|date=November 29, 2007|work=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=October 30, 2024}}</ref> According to ''The New York Times,'' federal prosecutors have said that Lott was induced by Scruggs to offer DeLaughter a federal judgeship in order to gain the judge's favor.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/2009/02/14/us/14bribery.html|title=Civil Rights Hero, Now a Judge, Is Indicted in a Bribery Case|last=Nossiter|first=Adam|date=February 14, 2009|work=The New York Times|access-date=October 30, 2024}}</ref> In 2012, Lott testified in federal court that he never told DeLaughter that he would be recommended for a federal judgeship.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gulflive.com/mississippi-press-news/2012/03/trent_lott_testifies_as_richar.html|title=Trent Lott testifies as Richard 'Dickie' Scruggs fights conviction|last=Associated|first=The|date=2012-03-26|website=gulflive.com|language=en-US|access-date=2020-02-04}}</ref>

For the 2016 presidential election, Lott served as a national co-chair for [[John Kasich]], before shifting his support to [[Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign|Donald Trump's campaign]] once he became the nominee.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Pender |first=Geoff |title=State GOP leaders shift support to Trump |url=https://www.clarionledger.com/story/news/politics/2016/05/04/mississippi-governor-supporting-trump/83913606/ |access-date=2022-02-06 |website=The Clarion-Ledger |language=en-US}}</ref>

In 2018 [[Sacha Baron Cohen]]'s television program ''[[Who Is America?]]'' premiered showing Lott supporting the "kinderguardians program" which supported training toddlers with firearms. Lott appeared not to know it was a hoax.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Comedian fools Trent Lott, other GOP politicians into appearing to back arming toddlers |url=https://www.clarionledger.com/story/news/2018/07/16/trent-lott-supports-arming-toddlers-not-really/787978002/ |access-date=2024-01-10 |website=The Clarion-Ledger |language=en-US}}</ref>

Lott has been named an Honorary Patron of the [[University Philosophical Society]], [[Trinity College, Dublin]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Trent Lott |url=https://bipartisanpolicy.org/person/trent-lott/ |access-date=2024-01-10 |website=Bipartisan Policy Center |language=en}}</ref> Lott is on the Board of Selectors of [[Jefferson Awards for Public Service]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Board &#124; youth community &#124; service award &#124; Jefferson Awards.org |url=http://www.jeffersonawards.org/board |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101124055949/http://www.jeffersonawards.org/board |archive-date=November 24, 2010 |access-date=December 5, 2013}}</ref>

===Memoir===
Lott's memoir, entitled ''[[Herding Cats: A Life in Politics]]'', was published in 2005. In the book, Lott spoke about the remark he made at the Strom Thurmond birthday party, former Senate Majority Leader Bill Frist, and his feelings of betrayal toward the Tennessee senator, claiming "If Frist had not announced exactly when he did, as the fire was about to burn out, I would still be majority leader of the Senate today."<ref>Lott, ''[[Herding Cats: A Life in Politics]]'' (2005), p. 273.</ref> He also described former Democratic Leader [[Tom Daschle]] of [[South Dakota]] as "trustworthy".<ref>Lott, ''Herding Cats: A Life In Politics'' (2005), p. 211.</ref> He also revealed that President [[George W. Bush]], then–Secretary of State [[Colin Powell]], and other GOP leaders played a major role in ending his career as Senate Republican Leader.<ref>Lott, ''Herding Cats: A Life In Politics'' (2005), pp. 271–272.</ref>

== Personal life ==
Lott married Patricia Thompson on December 27, 1964. The couple has two children: Chester Trent "Chet" Lott Jr., and Tyler Lott.{{Citation needed|date=January 2024}}

Lott is a [[Freemason]], and holds the Grand Cross in the [[Scottish Rite#Southern Jurisdiction|Southern Jurisdiction of the United States]] in the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite.<ref>{{Cite news |date=February 11, 2009 |title=Bio: Trent Lott |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/bio-trent-lott/ |access-date=January 22, 2012 |work=CBS News}}</ref>

In April 2007, Lott reached a confidential settlement with the State Farm insurance company after suing State Farm for fraud. Lott lost his Mississippi home due to Hurricane Katrina, and State Farm declined to pay an insurance claim after ruling the home had water damage.<reF>{{cite web|last=Dietz|first=David|last2=Preston|first2=Darrell|title= The Insurance Hoax |work=Bloomberg Markets|date=September 2007|url=http://www.bloomberg.com/news/marketsmag/mm_0907_story1.html|archive-url=http://web.archive.org/web/20071226093743/http://www.bloomberg.com/news/marketsmag/mm_0907_story1.html|archive-date=December 26, 2007|access-date=October 30, 2024|url-status=dead}}</ref>

==Legacy==
Trent Lott Academy in the [[Pascagoula School District]] is named after him.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Nelson |first=Karen |date=January 26, 2007 |title=Mr. Curry, please close the door |work=Sun Herald |pages=5 |via=[[Newspapers.com]] |quote="...Pascagoula Junior High, before it became Trent Lott Middle School. In fact, Curry taught the U.S. senator."}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/CDOC-110sdoc13/pdf/CDOC-110sdoc13.pdf |title=S. Doc. 110-13 Tributes Delivered in Congress: Trent Lott |publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office |location=Washington |publication-date=2009 |pages=40 |quote=TRENT attended Pascagoula Junior High, which is now called Trent Lott Middle School.}}</ref> Lott is also the namesake of [[Trent Lott International Airport]] in [[Moss Point, Mississippi]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=AirNav: KPQL - Trent Lott International Airport |url=https://www.airnav.com/airport/PQL |access-date=2019-05-31 |website=www.airnav.com}}</ref> The character of [[List of Star Wars characters#Lott Dod|Lott Dod]], a Neimoidian senator of the Trade Federation from the film ''[[Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace]]'' is named after him.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-09-14 |title=What are the politics of 'Star Wars'? |url=https://www.newsweek.com/does-star-wars-endorse-political-republican-democrat-498365 |access-date=2022-02-15 |website=Newsweek |language=en}}</ref>

The Trent Lott Leadership Institute is named after him, located at his alma mater, the [[University of Mississippi]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=About the Institute - Lott Leadership Institute |url=https://lottleader.olemiss.edu/about/ |access-date=March 6, 2024 |website=Lott Leadership Institute}}</ref>

== Explanatory notes==
{{Notelist}}

== References ==
=== Citations ===
{{reflist|30em}}

===Works cited===
* {{Cite book|last=Doyle|first=William|title=An American insurrection|year=2001|publisher=Doubleday|isbn=9780385499699|ref=Doyle}}

== Further reading ==
* Lott, Trent. ''[[Herding Cats: A Life in Politics]]'' (Regan Books: 2005). {{ISBN|0-06-059931-6}}.
* Orey, Byron D'Andra. "Racial Threat, Republicanism, and the Rebel Flag: Trent Lott and the 2006 Mississippi Senate Race", ''National Political Science Review'' July 2009, Vol. 12, pp.&nbsp;83–96.

== External links ==
{{wikiquote}}
* {{CongLinks |congbio=l000447 |votesmart=53311 |fec=S8MS00162 |congress=chester-lott/707 }}
* {{C-SPAN|1886}}

;Articles
* [https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A20730-2002Dec6.html Lott Decried for Part of Salute to Thurmond]{{dead link|date=February 2025|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}, The Washington Post, Saturday, December 7, 2002; p. A06.
* [https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A53057-2002Dec13.html Sen. Lott Fights to Save Post as Leader]{{dead link|date=February 2025|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}, The Washington Post, Saturday, December 14, 2002; p. A01
* [https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A37288-2002Dec10.html Lott Remarks on Thurmond Echoed 1980 Words]{{dead link|date=February 2025|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}, The Washington Post, Wednesday, December 11, 2002; p. A06
* [https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A52947-2002Dec13.html Sen. Lott's New Spin]{{dead link|date=February 2025|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}} The Washington Post, Saturday, December 14, 2002; p. A24
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20030201120126/http://www.talkingpointsmemo.com/docs/lott.sp.1.html Talking Points Memo], a political weblog, has posted Lott's racially inflected fall 1984 interview with the Southern Partisan and discusses [https://web.archive.org/web/20030801083145/http://talkingpointsmemo.com/dec0202.html#121202110am his long-standing association with a white supremacist group], the {{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20021201200246/http://militia-watchdog.org/ccc.htm Council of Conservative Citizens]}}
* [http://www.gulfcoastnews.com/GCNFeatureTrentLott.htm Rock Steady] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081113015727/http://www.gulfcoastnews.com/GCNFeatureTrentLott.htm |date=November 13, 2008 }} Candid commentary about his career in Interview with Perry Hicks for ''GulfCoastNews.com''
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20030220154227/http://www.salon.com/politics/conason/2002/12/12/lott/print.html Joe Conason's Journal: Lott's involvement with the neo-Confederate movement, racists and extreme rightists goes way back], Salon.com, December 12, 2002.
* [https://www.theguardian.com/international/story/0,3604,863964,00.html Bloggers Catch What Washington Post Missed], The Guardian (UK), Saturday, December 21, 2002.
* [http://www.rollcall.com/issues/51_23/news/10499-1.html Katrina Weighs on Lott’s Decision-Making], [[Roll Call]], September 15, 2005 (subscription required).
* [http://www.cnn.com/2006/POLITICS/01/17/lott.senate/index.html Lott to run again for Senate], CNN, Wednesday, January 18, 2006.
* [https://harpers.org/blog/2007/10/a-minor-injustice-why-paul-minor/ A Minor Injustice: Why Paul Minor?], Harper's Magazine, October 5, 2007.

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