Editing Treaty of Passarowitz

{{short description|1718 peace treaty ending the Ottoman-Venetian and Austro-Turkish Wars}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2021}}
{{Refimprove|date=October 2017}}
{{Infobox treaty
| name                = Treaty of Passarowitz
| long_name           = 
|
| rep                 = <!-- [[File:Example.png|200px|alt=Example alt text]]  OR: -->
| image               = Tamis banat1718 1739.png
| image_width         = <!-- 200px -->
| image_alt           = <!-- alt-text here for accessibility; see [[MOS:ACCESS]] -->
| caption             = The central Balkans in 1718. Territories passed from the Turks to the [[Habsburg monarchy]] were:
<div style="font-size: 80%; text-align: left; margin: 0 3em;">
{{legend|#F6DEDE|[[Banat of Temeswar]]}}
{{legend|#F5F5CB|[[Kingdom of Serbia (1718–1739)|Habsburg Kingdom of Serbia]]}}
{{legend|#EDE775|Northern [[Bosnia Eyalet|Bosnia]]}}
</div>
Territory passed from [[Wallachia]] to the Habsburg Monarchy:
<div style="font-size: 80%; text-align: left; margin: 0 3em;">
{{legend|#D8CAC1|[[Oltenia]] (Lesser Wallachia)}}
</div>
|
| type                = 
| context             = {{plainlist}}
* [[Ottoman–Venetian War (1714–1718)|Ottoman–Venetian War (1714–18)]]
* [[Austro-Turkish War of 1716–1718|Austro-Turkish War (1716–18)]]
{{endplainlist}}
|
| date_drafted        = 
| date_signed         = {{Start date|1718|7|21|df=y}}
| location_signed     = Passarowitz, [[Kingdom of Serbia (1718–1739)|Habsburg Kingdom of Serbia]] <small>(now [[Požarevac]], [[Serbia]])</small>
|
| mediators           =
* {{flag|Kingdom of Great Britain}}
* {{flag|United Provinces}}
| negotiators         = <!-- format this as a bullet list -->
| signatories         = <!-- format this as a bullet list -->
| parties             =
* {{flag|Ottoman Empire|1453}}
* {{flag|Holy Roman Empire}}
* {{flag|Republic of Venice}}
| ratifiers           = <!-- format this as a bullet list -->
| depositor           = <!-- OR: -->
| depositories        = <!-- format this as a bullet list -->
|
| language            = <!-- OR: -->
| languages           = <!-- format this as a bullet list -->
|
| wikisource          = <!-- OR: -->
| wikisource1         = <!-- Up to 5 wikisourceN variables may be specified -->
}}
[[File:Bosnia1718 1739 01.png|thumb|right|270px|Region of Bosnian Posavina, assigned to Habsburg monarchy by the Treaty of Passarowitz]]
[[File:OttomanEmpire1718.png|thumb|right|270px|The Ottoman Empire after the Treaty of Passarowitz]]

The '''Treaty of Passarowitz''', or '''Treaty of Požarevac''', was the [[peace treaty]] signed in [[Požarevac]] ({{lang-sr-cyr|Пожаревац}}, {{langx|de|Passarowitz}}, {{langx|tr|Pasarofça}}), a town that was in the [[Ottoman Empire]] but is now in [[Serbia]], on 21 July 1718 between the [[Ottoman Empire]] and its adversaries, the [[Habsburg monarchy]] and the [[Republic of Venice]].{{sfn|Peters|2011|p=39-50}}{{sfn|Ágoston|2011|p=93–108}}

The treaty saw the cession of several Ottoman territories to the Habsburgs, and it was regarded in its time as an extraordinary success and source of pride in Vienna.{{sfn|Setton|1991|p=449–450}} The treaty marked the end of Ottoman occupation within the [[Kingdom of Hungary]] with the cession of [[Belgrade]], [[Syrmia]] and the [[Eyalet of Temesvar|Eyalet of Temesvár]].<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2017 |title=Passarowitz, 1718-2018 |url=https://www.daad.cam.ac.uk/workshops/passarowitz-1718-2018 |access-date=2025-01-01 |website=University of Cambridge |language=en}}</ref>

==Background==
Between 1714 and 1718, the Ottomans had been successful against Venice in [[Morea Eyalet|Ottoman Greece]] and [[Crete]] ([[Ottoman–Venetian War (1714–1718)|Ottoman–Venetian War]]) but had been defeated at [[Battle of Petrovaradin|Petrovaradin]] (1716) by the Habsburg troops of [[Prince Eugene of Savoy]] ([[Austro-Turkish War of 1716–1718]]).

Peace was arranged with the intervention of [[Kingdom of Great Britain|Great Britain]] and the [[Dutch Republic]], and the treaty was signed by [[Robert Sutton (diplomat)|Sir Robert Sutton]] and  Jacob Colyer on behalf of their governments.{{sfn|Setton|1991|p=449}}

The other signatories were 
*[[Damian Hugo, Count of Virmont]] and  Michael von Talmann for the Habsburg monarchy, 
*Vendramino Bianchi and [[Carlo Ruzzini]] for Venice 
*Silindar Ibrahim–aga and Mehmed–efendija for the Ottoman Empire. 

==Terms==
The Ottoman Empire lost the [[Banat of Temeswar]], western [[Wallachia]], northern [[Serbia]] (including the fortress town of [[Belgrade]]), and northern part of [[Bosnia (region)|Bosnia]], namely the region of [[Bosanska Posavina|Posavina]] to the Habsburgs.{{sfn|Setton|1991|p=449}} The Habsburgs also received assurances that their merchants could operate in the Ottoman domain and that Catholic priests would regain revoked privileges, which allowed the Habsburg emperor to interfere in Ottoman affairs through connections with the church community and by championing the Catholic faith.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Kia|first=Mehrdad|title=The Ottoman Empire: A Historical Encyclopedia|publisher=ABC-CLIO|year=2017|isbn=978-1610693899|volume=1|location=Santa Barbara, California|pages=44|language=English}}</ref>

Venice ceded the [[Morea]], its last remaining outposts in Crete, and the islands of [[Aegina]] and [[Tinos]]. Venice retained only the [[Ionian Islands]] (with Ottoman-occupied [[Kythira]] added to them), and the cities of [[Preveza]] and [[Arta, Greece|Arta]] on the [[Epirus (region)|Epirote]] mainland. In [[Dalmatia]], Venice made some small advances by taking the areas of [[Imotski]] and [[Vrgorac]] in the [[Dalmatian Hinterland|Hinterland]].{{Citation needed|date=November 2021}}

==Aftermath==
[[File:Treaty of Passarowitz 01.jpg|thumb|right|An exhibition in ethno-park Tulba near Požarevac showing how the treaty was signed.]]

The treaty gave the Habsburgs control over the northern part of present-day Serbia, which they had temporarily occupied during the [[Great Turkish War]] between 1688 and 1690. The Habsburgs established the [[Kingdom of Serbia (1718–1739)|Kingdom of Serbia]] as a [[crown land]]. The Habsburgs also formed the Banat into another crown land.{{sfn|Ćirković|2004|p=151}}

Habsburg control lasted 21 years, when the Turks won the [[Austro-Russian–Turkish War (1735–39)]]. In the 1739 [[Treaty of Belgrade]], the Ottoman Empire regained northern Bosnia, Habsburg Serbia (including [[Belgrade]]) and southern parts of the Banat of Temeswar, and Oltenia was returned to [[Wallachia]].

==See also==
* [[List of treaties]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Sources==
{{Refbegin|30em}}
* {{Cite book|last=Ágoston|first=Gábor|chapter=The Ottoman Wars and the Changing Balance of Power along the Danube in the Early Eighteenth Century|title=The Peace of Passarowitz, 1718|year=2011|location=West Lafayette|publisher=Purdue University Press|pages=93–108|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7F3yDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT99}}
* {{Cite book|last=Ćirković|first=Sima|author-link=Sima Ćirković|year=2004|title=The Serbs|location=Malden|publisher=Blackwell Publishing|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2Wc-DWRzoeIC}}
* {{Cite book|last=Dabić|first=Vojin S.|chapter=The Habsburg-Ottoman War of 1716-1718 and Demographic Changes in the War-Afflicted Territories|title=The Peace of Passarowitz, 1718|year=2011|location=West Lafayette|publisher=Purdue University Press|pages=191–208|isbn=978-1-61249-195-0 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7F3yDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT196}}
* {{Cite book|last1=Heppner|first1=Harald|last2=Schanes|first2=Daniela|chapter=The Impact of the Treaty of Passarowitz on the Habsburg Monarchy|title=The Peace of Passarowitz, 1718|year=2011|location=West Lafayette|publisher=Purdue University Press|pages=53-62|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7F3yDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT53}}
* {{Cite book|last=Hochedlinger|first=Michael|year=2013|title=Austria's Wars of Emergence: War, State and Society in the Habsburg Monarchy, 1683–1797|location=London & New York|publisher=Routledge|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qbpACwAAQBAJ}}
* {{Cite book|last=Murphey|first=Rhoads|chapter=Twists and Turns in the Diplomatic Dialogue: the Politics of Peacemaking in the Early Eighteenth Century|title=The Peace of Passarowitz, 1718|year=2011|location=West Lafayette|publisher=Purdue University Press|pages=73-91|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7F3yDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT73}}
* {{Cite book|last=Peters|first=Martin|chapter=The Peace of Passarowitz in the Historical Sciences, 1718-1829|title=The Peace of Passarowitz, 1718|year=2011|location=West Lafayette|publisher=Purdue University Press|pages=39-50|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7F3yDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT39}}
* {{Cite book|last=Shapira|first=Dan D. Y.|chapter=The Crimean Tatars and the Austro-Ottoman Wars|title=The Peace of Passarowitz, 1718|year=2011|location=West Lafayette|publisher=Purdue University Press|pages=131-140|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7F3yDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT131}}
* {{cite book|last=Setton|first=Kenneth Meyer|title=Venice, Austria, and the Turks in the Seventeenth Century|publisher=American Philosophical Society|year=1991|isbn=0871691922|location=Philadelphia}}
{{refend}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Treaty of Passarowitz}}
* {{cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9058654/Treaty-of-Passarowitz |encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica |title=Treaty of Passarowitz|date=14 July 2023 }}
* [https://archive.org/stream/generalcollectio00lond#page/400/mode/2up/ Text of treaty in English]

{{Ottoman treaties}}
{{Požarevac}}

[[Category:1718 treaties|Passarowitz]]
[[Category:Požarevac]]
[[Category:Ottoman Serbia]]
[[Category:Serbia under Habsburg rule]]
[[Category:History of Banat]]
[[Category:History of Syrmia]]
[[Category:History of Transylvania (1683–1848)|Passarowitz]]
[[Category:History of Wallachia (1714–1821)|Passarowitz]]
[[Category:History of Oltenia]]
[[Category:Ottoman period in the history of Bosnia and Herzegovina]]
[[Category:Treaties of the Republic of Venice|Passarowitz]]
[[Category:Peace treaties of the Ottoman Empire|Passarowitz]]
[[Category:Peace treaties of Austria|Passarowitz]]
[[Category:Treaties of the Habsburg monarchy|Passarowitz]]
[[Category:1718 in the Ottoman Empire]]
[[Category:1718 in the Republic of Venice]]
[[Category:1718 in the Habsburg monarchy]]
[[Category:Austro-Turkish War (1716–1718)]]
[[Category:Habsburg monarchy–Republic of Venice relations]]