Editing Treaty of Nystad

{{Short description|1721 peace treaty ending the Great Northern War}}
{{Infobox treaty
| name                 = Treaty of Nystad
| long_name            = 
| image                = File:NystatIngria.png
| image_width          = 200px
| caption              = Treaty effects: pre-war Sweden in yellow, Russia in green, Russian gains indicated by lines.
| type                 = 
| context              = 
| date_drafted         = 
| date_signed          = {{OldStyleDate|10 September|1721|30 August}}
| location_signed      = [[Uusikaupunki|Nystad, Sweden]] (Present-day [[Uusikaupunki|Uusikaupunki, Finland]])
| date_sealed          = 
| date_effective       = 
| condition_effective  = 
| date_expiration      = 
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| mediators            = 
| negotiators          = 
| original_signatories = 
* [[Sweden]]
* [[Tsardom of Russia|Russia]]
| signatories          = 
| parties              = 
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| depositor            = 
| depositories         = 
| citations            = 
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| wikisource           = 
| wikisource1          =
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}}
[[File:Treaty of Nystad.jpg|thumb|Signing of the Treaty of Nystad]]

{{Multiple image
|total_width=300px
|image1=Fe- Medal 1721 Treaty of Nystad Peter the Great, Obverse.jpg
|caption1=The obverse of an Fe- medal 1721 by the Danish medallist [[Anton Schultz]].  "Treaty of Nystad to end the Great Northern War by Peter the Great"
|image2=Fe- Medal 1721 Treaty of Nystad Peter the Great, Reverse.jpg
|caption2=The reverse of the medal
}}

The '''Treaty of Nystad''', or the '''Treaty of Uusikaupunki''',{{efn|{{langx|ru|Ништадтский мир}}; {{langx|fi|Uudenkaupungin rauha}}; {{langx|sv|Freden i Nystad}}; {{langx|et|Uusikaupunki rahu}}}} was the last peace treaty of the [[Great Northern War]] of 1700&ndash;1721. It was concluded between the [[Tsardom of Russia]] and the [[Swedish Empire]] on {{OldStyleDate|10 September|1721|30 August}} in the then Swedish town of [[Uusikaupunki|Nystad]] ({{lang|fi|Uusikaupunki|italic=no}}, in the south-west of present-day Finland). Sweden had settled with the other parties in [[Treaties of Stockholm (Great Northern War)|Stockholm]] (1719 and 1720) and in [[Treaty of Frederiksborg|Frederiksborg]] (1720).

During the war [[Peter the Great|Peter I of Russia]] had occupied all Swedish possessions on the eastern [[Baltic Sea|Baltic coast]]: [[Swedish Ingria]] (where he began to build the soon-to-be Russian capital of [[St. Petersburg]] in 1703), [[Swedish Estonia]] and [[Swedish Livonia]] (which [[Capitulation of Estonia and Livonia|had capitulated in 1710]]), and [[Finland]].

In Nystad, King [[Frederick I of Sweden]] formally recognized the transfer of Estonia, Livonia, Ingria, and Southeast Finland ([[Kexholms län]] and part of [[Karelian Isthmus]]) to Russia in exchange for two million silver [[Swedish riksdaler|thaler]], while Russia returned the bulk of Finland to Swedish rule.<ref>{{langx|ru| РГАДА. Рукописный отдел библиотеки Московской Синодальной типографии. Фонд 381, ед.хр.805. Л.6.}}  Original handwritten text of the Treaty of Nystad in Russian</ref><ref>{{in lang|ru}} [http://law.edu.ru/norm/norm.asp?normID=1119383 Ништадтский мирный договор между Россией и Швецией, 30 августа 1721 г.] Text of the Treaty of Nystad in Russian</ref>

The Treaty enshrined the rights of the German [[Baltic nobility]] within Estonia and Livonia to maintain their financial system, their existing customs border, their self-government, their [[Lutheran]] religion, and the German language; this special position in the Russian Empire was reconfirmed by all Russian Tsars from Peter the Great (reigned 1682-1725) to [[Alexander II of Russia|Alexander II]]<ref>{{cite book |title=Imperial Russian foreign policy |last= Ragsdale |first= Hugh |author2=V. N. Ponomarev  |year=1993 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn= 978-0-521-44229-9 |page=42}}</ref> (reigned 1855-1881).

Nystad manifested the decisive shift in the [[European balance of power]] which the war had brought about: the Swedish imperial era had ended; Sweden entered the [[Age of Liberty]], while [[Russian Empire|Russia had emerged as a new empire]].

==Legacy==
In pre-1917 Saint Petersburg, in the Vyborgsky district (relatively nearest to Russo-Finnish border) one of the thoroughfares (now ''Lesnoy prospekt'') was named after the Nystad treaty (Nystadt Street, Rus. Ништадтская улица).<ref>Лев Успенский. Записки старого петербуржца. (Lev Uspenskii. Zapiski starogo peterburjca.) Any edition.</ref> The district also houses a church commemorating the first Russian victory in the Great Northern war, the Battle of Poltava – St. Sampsonius' Cathedral.

==See also==
* [[List of treaties]]

==References==
{{notelist}}
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{wikisource|:ru:Ништадтский мирный договор|Treaty of Nystad}}
{{commonscategory|Treaty of Nystad}}
*Freden i Nystad – Ништадтский мир 1721 – Uudenkaupungin rauha 1721. Trilingual source publication (Swedish, Russian, Finnish) of the documents concerning the peace treaty from The Russian Foreign Ministry Archives. Published by Agricola – The Finnish History Network publication series number 10. 2014 (Heidi Pitkänen red.) 
**{{cite web|title=Freden i Nystad 1721 :: Agricola ::|url=http://agricola.utu.fi/julkaisut/julkaisusarja/uudenkaupungin-rauha/sv/|date=|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20140415151629/http://agricola.utu.fi/julkaisut/julkaisusarja/uudenkaupungin-rauha/sv/|archivedate=15 April 2014}}
** [https://web.archive.org/web/20150102120956/https://agricola.utu.fi/julkaisut/julkaisusarja/uudenkaupungin-rauha/ru/ Ништáдтский мир 1721 :: Agricola ::], Archived from the original on 2 Jan 2015.
** [http://agricola.utu.fi/julkaisut/julkaisusarja/uudenkaupungin-rauha/ Uudenkaupungin rauha 1721.] 
* [http://vyborgmuseum.org/nystad_2021/ International conference ‘The Border of the Treaty of Nystad – Peter the Great’s Line’ dedicated to the Tercentenary of the Great Northern War’s end and the making of the Treaty of Nystad. Vyborg, Leningrad Region. October 7-8, 2021] The Conference is dedicated to the Tercentenary of the Great Northern War’s, making of the Treaty of Nystad and demarcation of the border between Russia and Sweden in 1722. The aim of the conference is to thoroughly study the history of the border demarcation between Russia and Sweden, its influence on the historical and cultural heritage in the borderline territories, to draw attention to the problems of preservation of monuments dated back to the Peter the Great’s period as well to expand co-operation between Russian and European researchers in studying Peter I’s period.

Vyborg, Leningrad Region. October 7-8, 2021

{{Great Northern War treaties}}

{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Treaties of the Great Northern War|Nystad]]
[[Category:18th century in Estonia]]
[[Category:Ingria]]
[[Category:Swedish Livonia]]
[[Category:Peace treaties of Russia|Nystad]]
[[Category:Peace treaties of Sweden|Nystad]]
[[Category:History of the Karelian Isthmus]]
[[Category:1721 in Finland]]
[[Category:1721 in Russia]]
[[Category:1721 in Sweden]]
[[Category:Uusikaupunki]]
[[Category:Treaties involving territorial changes]]
[[Category:1721 treaties]]
[[Category:Treaties of the Russian Empire]]
[[Category:Russia–Sweden treaties]]