Editing Tre Taverne

'''Tre Taverne''' ({{langx|la|Tres Tabernae}}; {{Langx|el|Τρεῖς Ταβέρναι}}, ''Treis Tabernai'') was a place on the ancient [[Appian Way]], about 50&nbsp;km (31 miles) from [[Rome]], designed for the reception of travellers, as the name indicates.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/423106 |title=Places: 423106 (Tres Tabernae) |author=Quilici, L., S. Quilici Gigli |accessdate=June 25, 2024 |publisher=Pleiades}}
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==History==
Tres Tabernae originated as a [[statio (Roman)|post station]] on the [[Appian Way]] ({{langx|la|Via Appia}}), around the 3rd century BC.

Here, the Christian saint [[Paul the Apostle|Paul of Tarsus]], on his way to Rome, was met by a band of Roman Christians ([[Acts of the Apostles|Acts]] 28:15). The "Tres Tabernae was the first ''[[mansio]]'' or ''mutatio'', that is, halting-place for relays, from Rome, or the last on the way to the city. At this point three roads run into the Via Appia, that from [[Tusculum]], that from [[Alba Longa]], and that from [[Antium]]; so necessarily here would be a halting-place, which took its name from the three shops there, the general store, the blacksmith's, and the refreshment-house...Tres Tabernae is translated as Three Taverns."<ref>Forbes's ''Footsteps of St. Paul'', p.&nbsp;20</ref>

The [[Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition|''Encyclopædia Britannica'' Eleventh Edition]] identifies it as "an ancient village of [[Latium]], Italy, a post station on the Via Appia, at the point where the main road was crossed by a branch from Antium". It is by some fixed some 3&nbsp;m. S.E. of the modern village of [[Cisterna di Latina|Cisterna]] just before the Via Appia enters the [[Pontine Marshes]], at a point where the modern road to [[Norma, Lazio|Ninfa]] and [[Norba]] diverges to the north-east, where a few ruins still exist (''Grotte di Nottola''), 33&nbsp;m. from Rome.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911}}  Others believe that it stood at Cisterna itself, where a branch road running from Antium by way of [[Satricum]] actually joins the Via Appia.{{sfn|Chisholm|1911}} However, excavations that took place at km 58.1 of the Via Appia Nuova between 1993 and 2001 revealed a [[thermae|bath plant]] and some further buildings.{{Citation needed|date=July 2016}}

Around the 3rd century AD, the area was invaded by marshes, and the inhabitants of the nearby ''[[Ulubrae]]'' likely moved to ''Tres Tabernae'', which grew of importance and became a Christian [[episcopal see]] with a [[Early Christianity|Palaeo-Christian]] cathedral dedicated to St. Paul.<ref>[http://essochissi.altervista.org/san_paolo.htm S. Paolo alle Tre Taverne]</ref> In 307, emperor [[Severus II|Flavius Severus]] was assassinated (or forced to commit suicide) here by Heraclius, by order of other emperors [[Maximian]] and [[Maxentius]]. The barbaric invasions in Italy caused a further expansions of the marshes{{Clarify|date=July 2016}}, and Tres Tabernae declined so that, in 592, [[Pope Gregory I]] united its diocese to [[Roman Catholic Suburbicarian Diocese of Velletri–Segni|that of Velletri]]. Later in the high Middle Ages, Tres Tabernae was ravaged several times by the [[Saracen]]s, until it was completely destroyed in 868.{{Citation needed|date=July 2016}}

The position of the Tres Tabernae is also shown in the [[Tabula Peutingeriana]] in a location south of Rome.<ref>[http://www.hs-augsburg.de/~harsch/Chronologia/Lspost03/Tabula/tab_pe06.html ''Chronology'']; hs-augsburg.de online;</ref>

==Notes==
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==References==
*{{EB1911|wstitle=Tres Tabernae|volume=27|page=254}}
*{{EBD|wstitle=Tres Tabernas}}

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[[Category:Roman towns and cities in Italy]]
[[Category:New Testament words and phrases]]
[[Category:Populated places established in the 3rd century BC]]
[[Category:Populated places disestablished in the 9th century]]
[[Category:Roman waystations in Italy]]