Editing Traquair House

{{Short description|Converted tower house in Traquair, Scottish Borders}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
{{more citations needed|date=September 2019}}
{{Infobox building
| name             = Traquair House
| image            = Traquair House - geograph.org.uk - 1193717.jpg
| caption          = Pictured in 2008
| location         = [[Peebles]], [[Scotland]]
| coordinates      = 
| start_date       = 
| owner            = 
| architectural_style = 
| renovation_date  = 
| website          = https://www.traquair.co.uk/
}}
[[File:Traquair House - geograph.org.uk - 13310.jpg|alt=|thumb|Traquair House]]
'''Traquair House''', approximately 7 miles southeast of [[Peebles]], is claimed to be the oldest continually inhabited house in Scotland. Whilst not strictly a castle, it is built in the style of a fortified mansion. It pre-dates the [[Scottish Baronial]] style of architecture, and may have been one of the influences on this style. The estate contains the famous Traquair Brewery.

==History==

[[File:Traquair House, 1814.jpg|left|thumb|upright=1.4|Traquair House in 1814]]
The house is built on the site of a hunting seat used by the Scottish kings from the 12th century, though no part of the present building can be dated with certainty before the 15th century. [[Alexander I of Scotland|Alexander I]] was the first Scottish king to stay and hunt at Traquair. At that time it was a remote "castle", surrounded by forest. Upon [[Alexander III of Scotland|Alexander III's]] death in 1286, the peace of the [[Scottish Borders|Borders region]] was shattered and Traquair became a key link in the chain of defence that guarded the Tweed Valley against English invasion.

Over the next two centuries Traquair's ownership changed often, at times coming under the control of the English, and at others, the Scottish throne. In the 1460s [[James III of Scotland|James III]] conferred the estate on Dr William Rogers, an eminent musician, and one of his favourites. After holding the lands for upwards of nine years, Dr Rogers sold them for an insignificant sum in 1478 to [[James Stewart, 1st Earl of Buchan|the Earl of Buchan]]. The Earl gifted the estate to his illegitimate son, James Stuart (1480-1513), 1st [[Laird]] of [[Traquair]], in 1491. James Stuart obtained letters of legitimation and married the heiress of the Rutherfords, with whom he received the estates of Rutherford and Wells in [[Roxburghshire]]. He was killed at the [[Battle of Flodden]] in 1513. His daughter, Jane Stewart, had a daughter Janet  with the [[Archibald Douglas, 6th Earl of Angus|Earl of Angus]] born out of wedlock, who married [[Patrick Ruthven, 3rd Lord Ruthven]]. Traquair remained the family seat of the [[Earl of Traquair|Earls of Traquair]] for the next four centuries.

[[Mary, Queen of Scots]], visited Traquair in August 1566.<ref>John M. Gilbert, ''Elite Hunting Culture and Mary, Queen of Scots'' (Boydell, 2024), p. 143.</ref> [[James VI]] came to Traquair on 9 March 1602.<ref>[[John Duncan Mackie]], ''Calendar State Papers Scotland'', vol. 13 part 2 (Edinburgh, 1969), p. 959.</ref>

In 1875, Traquair passed to a cousin of the Stuarts, Henry Constable Maxwell. He was a direct descendant, but via the female line. The [[National Portrait Gallery, London|National Portrait Gallery]]  holds a 1992 portrait of [[Catherine Maxwell Stuart, 21st Lady of Traquair]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Catherine Maxwell Stuart, 21st Lady of Traquair |url=https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/person/mp143307/catherine-maxwell-stuart-21st-lady-of-traquair |website=National Portrait Gallery |publisher=National Portrait Gallery, London 2018 |accessdate=6 September 2018 |quote=Catherine Maxwell Stuart, 21st Lady of Traquair by Bob Collins NPG x137506 -  September 1992}}</ref>

==Features==

Traquair is a 50-room house. The rooms include "The Drawing Room", containing ancestral portraits and photographs of the current residents; "The Dressing Room", which is decorated to demonstrate life in former times; "The Museum Room", containing a mural dating from 1530, one of the oldest to survive in a secular building in Scotland, as well as charters stamped with the royal seals and signatures of the Scottish Kings; "The King's Room", where [[Mary, Queen of Scots]] stayed in 1566 and which contains some relics belonging to her and the [[Jacobitism|Jacobites]], such as her rosary, crucifix, purse, a silk quilt, and letters bearing her signature; "The Still Room", where breakfast is taken among the 18th-century porcelain that decorates the shelves; and "The Dining Room", one of the last additions to the house, built in the late 17th century. There is a [[Catholic Church|Roman Catholic]] chapel built in 1829, following the [[Catholic emancipation]]. The 18th-century library contains more than 3,000 volumes. Although three lairds made alterations to the house prior to the 17th century, Traquair has changed little, architecturally, since then.

The Bear Gates at the main entrance to the grounds were installed by the fifth Earl, Charles Stuart, in 1738. When they were closed, after [[Charles Edward Stuart]] (Bonnie Prince Charlie) passed through in 1745, the Earl vowed they would never be opened again until a Stuart king returned.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.traquair.co.uk/brief-history-traquair-and-family|title=A Brief History of Traquair and the Family|work=traquair.co.uk}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=The Bear Gates of Traquair |url=https://www.atlasobscura.com/places/the-bear-gates-of-traquair-scottish-borders-scotland |website=Atlas Obscura - Places |publisher=Atlas Obscura |accessdate=20 September 2020}}</ref>

== ''Tam-Lin'' (film) ==
The 1970 horror film ''[[Tam-Lin (film)|Tam-Lin]]'' was filmed at Traquair. It starred [[Ava Gardner]]; other cast members included [[Joanna Lumley]], [[Stephanie Beacham|Stephanie Beecham]] and [[Ian McShane]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://m.imdb.com/title/tt0067822/locations|title = Tam Lin (1970) - IMDb|website = [[IMDb]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b6bce898a|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171013080320/http://www.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b6bce898a|url-status=dead|archive-date=13 October 2017|title=Tam Lin (1970)|website=BFI|language=en|access-date=2019-10-20}}</ref>

==Brewery==
The Traquair House Brewery was revived in 1965 by [[Peter Maxwell Stuart]], the 20th Laird of Traquair, using the 18th-century domestic brewery equipment that had previously been used to make beer for the house.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thesouthernreporter.co.uk/business/innerleithen-brewerys-latest-beer-offers-taste-of-history-1326252|title = Innerleithen brewery's latest beer offers taste of history}}</ref> Ale is fermented in the original oak [[Barrel|tun]]s, some of which are over 200 years old.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.traquair.co.uk/traquair-house-brewery |title=Traquair House Brewery &#124; Traquair House, Innerleithen, Scottish Borders, Scotland  |work=traquair.co.uk |year=2012 |quote=18th century domestic brewery |accessdate=30 September 2012}}</ref> The brewery makes a range of beers, though the two main brands are ''Jacobite Ale'' and ''House Ale''.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.ratebeer.com/brewers/traquair/342/ |title=Traquair, Innerleithen, Borders, Scotland - RateBeer  |work=ratebeer.com |year=2012 |accessdate=30 September 2012}}</ref> 
[[File:Traquair_House_Beer_(2)_001.JPG|thumb|Traquair House Ale|alt=|224x224px]]
Ale was brewed at Traquair during the reign of Mary, Queen of Scots. In 1739, a 200-gallon copper was installed in the brew house under the chapel.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Noonan |first1=Greg |title=Scotch Ale |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=N4FaDwAAQBAJ&q=traquair+house+ale+copper&pg=PT100 |publisher=Brewers Publications |language=en |date=26 January 1998|isbn=9781938469572 }}</ref>

== The Maze ==
[[File:Traquair_House_Maze.jpg|thumb|Traquair House Maze]]The maze was designed by John Schofield and originally planted with [[Leyland cypress]] until the severe winter in 1983 when over two thirds of the trees died. It was replanted with hardier [[beech]] trees.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.traquair.co.uk/the-maze/|title=The Traquair maze|website=Traquair House|language=en-GB|access-date=2019-10-20}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[Earl of Traquair]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Traquair House}}
*[https://www.traquair.co.uk/ Traquair House]
*[https://m.imdb.com/title/tt0067822/locations Tam Lin (1970) - IMDb]

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{{Castles in the Scottish Borders}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Category A listed buildings in the Scottish Borders]]
[[Category:Listed houses in Scotland]]
[[Category:History of the Scottish Borders]]
[[Category:Country houses in the Scottish Borders]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in the Scottish Borders]]
[[Category:Inventory of Gardens and Designed Landscapes]]
[[Category:Gardens in the Scottish Borders]]
[[Category:Historic house museums in the Scottish Borders]]
[[Category:Breweries in Scotland]]