Editing Transport in Slovenia

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{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2022}}

[[File:Koper (38).jpg|thumb|right|The [[Port of Koper]]]]
The location at the junction of the Mediterranean, the Alps, the [[Dinaric Alps|Dinarides]] and the [[Pannonian Plain]] and the area being traversed by major rivers have been the reasons for the intersection of the main transport routes in Slovenia. Their course was established already in Antiquity. A particular geographic advantage in recent times has been the location of the intersection of the [[Pan-European transport corridor]]s [[Pan-European transport corridor V|V]] (the fastest link between the North Adriatic, and Central and Eastern Europe) and [[Pan-European Corridor X|X]] (linking Central Europe with the Balkans) in the country. This gives it a special position in the European social, economic and cultural integration and restructuring.<ref name="UKOM2000-11">{{cite web |url=http://www.ukom.gov.si/en/media_relations/background_information/transport/slovenia_a_country_at_the_crossroads_of_transport_links/ |title=Slovenia, a Country at the Crossroads of Transport Links |publisher=Government Communication Office, Republic of Slovenia |date=November 2000 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120708045103/http://www.ukom.gov.si/en/media_relations/background_information/transport/slovenia_a_country_at_the_crossroads_of_transport_links/ |archive-date=8 July 2012 }}</ref>

== Railways ==
[[File:Railway map of Slovenia.png|thumb|Railway network]]
{{main|Slovenian Railways}}
The existing [[:Category:Railway lines in Slovenia|Slovenian rails]], which were mostly built in the 19th century, are out-of-date and can't compete with the motorway network.<ref name="ARSO420">{{cite web |url=http://kazalci.arso.gov.si/?data=indicator&ind_id=420#comment |title=Vlaganja v prometno infrastrukturo: Komentar |language=sl |trans-title=The Investments in the Transport Infrastructure: a Comment |publisher=Slovenian Environment Agency |date=18 November 2011 |author=Plevnik, Aljaž |author2=Polanec, Vesna}}</ref> The maintenance and modernisation of the Slovenian railway network has been neglected due to the lack of financial assets, creating bottlenecks.<ref name="UNIMB2011-04">{{cite book |chapter-url=http://www.losamedchem.eu/web/attachments/article/20/SWOT%20KOPER%20+%20UM.pdf |chapter=Executive Summary |title=Analysis of the infrastructure network in Slovenia and report on SWOT analysis |publisher=Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor. Port of Koper |date=April 2011 |access-date=12 April 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120510062631/http://www.losamedchem.eu/web/attachments/article/20/SWOT%20KOPER%20+%20UM.pdf |archive-date=10 May 2012 }}</ref> Nevertheless, it has been gaining momentum with the completion of the motorway cross.<ref name="ARSO420" /> The [[Slovenian Railways]] company operates {{convert|1229|km|abbr=on}} of {{RailGauge|sg}} [[standard gauge]] tracks, {{convert|331|km|abbr=on}} as [[double track]], and reaches all regions of the country.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.slo-zeleznice.si/en/company/infrastructure/rail_network/types_of_railway_track |title=Types of railway track |publisher=Slovenian Railways |access-date=8 February 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130703030840/http://www.slo-zeleznice.si/en/company/infrastructure/rail_network/types_of_railway_track |archive-date=3 July 2013 }}</ref> The network comprises main lines and regional lines.<ref name="UNIMB2011-04" /> Electrification is provided by a 3&nbsp;kV DC [[Railway electrification system|system]], except at the junctions with railways of foreign countries,<ref name="UNIMB2011-04" /> and covers {{convert|503.5|km}}.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.scalar.si/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=96&Itemid=66 |title=Slovenia Railway Company has subscribed to SCALAR system services |date=22 December 2008 |publisher=Milan Vidmar Electric Power Research Institute |access-date=12 April 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141029224034/http://www.scalar.si/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=96&Itemid=66 |archive-date=29 October 2014 }}</ref> Due to the out-of-date infrastructure, the share of the railway freight transport has been in decline in Slovenia despite growing slightly in absolute terms.<ref name="ARSO416">{{cite book |chapter-url=http://kazalci.arso.gov.si/?data=indicator&ind_id=416#comment |chapter=Komentar |title=Obseg in sestava blagovnega prevoza in prometa: Komentar |trans-title=The Scale and the Structure of the Freight Transport and Traffic: a Comment |publisher=Slovenian Environment Agency |date=18 November 2011 |author=Plevnik, Aljaž |author2=Polanec, Vesna}}</ref> The railway passenger transport has been recovering after a large drop in the 1990s.<ref>{{cite book |url=http://kazalci.arso.gov.si/?data=indicator&ind_id=415#comment |chapter=Komentar |trans-chapter=Comment |title=Obseg in sestava potniškega prevoza in prometa: Komentar |trans-title=The Scale and the Structure of the Passenger Transport and Traffic: a Comment |publisher=Slovenian Environment Agency |date=18 November 2011 |author=Plevnik, Aljaž |author2=Polanec, Vesna}}</ref> The Pan-European railway corridors V and X, and several [[E-railway]]s (E65, E67, E69, and E70) intersect in Slovenia.<ref name="UNIMB2011-04" /> All international transit trains in Slovenia drive through the [[Ljubljana Railway Hub]], and all international passenger trains stop there.<ref name="oDPN2010-03">{{cite book |url=http://arhiv.mm.gov.si/mop/javno/zeleznisko_vozlisce_ljubljana/1_tekstualni_del/12_uredba/oDPN_Zeleznica_100323.pdf |title=Državni prostorski načrt za Ljubljansko železniško vozlišče |language=sl |trans-title=The National Space Plan for the Ljubljana Rail Hub: Draft |date=March 2010 |author=LUZ, d. d. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120708094000/http://arhiv.mm.gov.si/mop/javno/zeleznisko_vozlisce_ljubljana/1_tekstualni_del/12_uredba/oDPN_Zeleznica_100323.pdf |archive-date=8 July 2012 }}</ref>
As of 2018, first tenders should be invited for the [[2017 Slovenian railway referendum|upgrade of the Divača-Koper Railway]].

== Roads ==
[[File:BicikeLJ Ljubljana-Prešernov trg.JPG|thumb|[[BicikeLJ]], a Ljubljana-based self-service bicycle network, is free of charge for the first hour.]]
With the share of over 80%, the road freight and passenger transport constitutes the largest part of transport in Slovenia.<ref name="MW2009SORS">{{cite web |url=http://www.stat.si/novica_prikazi.aspx?id=2582 |title=Teden mobilnosti 2009 |trans-title=Mobility Week 2009 |publisher=Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia |date=15 September 2009 |access-date=12 April 2012 |archive-date=13 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150213181341/http://www.stat.si/novica_prikazi.aspx?id=2582 }}</ref> Personal cars are much more popular than public road passenger transport, which has significantly declined.<ref name="MW2009SORS" /><ref>{{cite web |url=http://kazalci.arso.gov.si/?data=indicator&ind_id=214 |title=Lastništvo avtomobilov v gospodinjstvih |language=sl |trans-title=Car Ownership in Households |publisher=Environment Agency of Slovenia |author=Bernard Vukadin, Barbara |author2=Kušar, Urška |author3=Burja, Alenka |date=25 October 2009}}</ref> [[Highways in Slovenia|Motorways and expressways]], operated by the [[Motorway Company in the Republic of Slovenia]], are the state roads of the highest category.<ref name="UL732">{{cite web |url=http://www.uradni-list.si/1/objava.jsp?urlid=2010109&stevilka=5732 |title=Zakon o cestah |language=sl |trans-title=Roads Act |date=30 December 2010 |publisher=Official Gazette of the Republic of Slovenia}}</ref> On motorways and express ways, cars must have a [[vignette (road tax)|toll sticker]].<ref name="ECORYS2011">{{cite book |chapter-url=http://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/sources/docgener/evaluation/pdf/evasltrat_tran/slovenia.pdf |chapter=Situation per mode of transport |title=Study on Strategic Evaluation on Transport Investment Priorities under Structural and Cohesion funds for the Programming Period 2007-2013 |date=August 2006 |publisher=ECORYS Nederland BV}}</ref> Slovenia has a very high motorway density compared to the European Union average.<ref name="ECORYS2011" /> The first highway in Slovenia, the [[A1 motorway (Slovenia)|A1 motorway]] connecting [[Vrhnika]] and [[Postojna]], was opened in 1972,<ref name="built highways">{{Cite web |url=http://www.dars.si/Dokumenti/About_motorways/National_motorway_construction_programme/Built_motorways_and_expressways_286.aspx |title=Built motorways and expressways |publisher=Motorway Company in the Republic of Slovenia |access-date=19 January 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110511095836/http://www.dars.si/Dokumenti/About_motorways/National_motorway_construction_programme/Built_motorways_and_expressways_286.aspx |archive-date=11 May 2011 }}</ref> but the construction was sped up significantly in 1994, when the National Assembly enacted the first [[National Motorway Construction Programme]].<ref name="Oplotnik2004">{{cite conference |url=http://dinamico2.unibg.it/highways/paper/oplotnik.pdf |title=National motorway construction program (NMCP) in Slovenia (financing, impact on national economy and realisation) |author=Oplotnik, Žan |author2=Križanič, France |book-title=Highways: cost and regulation in Europe |date=November 2004 |access-date=12 April 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121120161909/https://dinamico2.unibg.it/highways/paper/oplotnik.pdf |archive-date=20 November 2012 }}</ref> Till February 2012, a network consisting of {{convert|528|km|abbr=on}} of motorways, expressways and similar roads has been built.<ref name="built highways" /> Its essential section,<ref name="Oplotnik2004" /> the [[Slovenian Motorway Cross]], which is part of the [[Trans-European Road network]], was completed in October 2011.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.dnevnik.si/tiskane_izdaje/dnevnik/1042484160 |title=Slovenski avtocestni križ zgrajen |trans-title=The Slovenian Motorway Cross Completed |first=Primož |last=Knez |newspaper=Dnevnik.si |date=29 October 2011}}</ref> It comprises the motorway route heading from east to west, in line with the Pan-European Corridor V, and the motorway route heading in the north–south direction, in line with the Pan-European Corridor X,<ref name="Oplotnik2004" /> part of which is considered the Slovenian transport backbone.<ref name="ECORYS2011" /> The newly built road system slowly, but steadily transforms Slovenia into a large conurbation and connects it as a unitary social, economic and cultural space, with links to neighbouring areas.<ref>{{cite conference |url=ftp://ftp.cgs.si/Uporabniki/UrosZ/clanki/10.%20kongres%20o%20cestah%20in%20prometu/19-24.pdf |title=Narodnogospodarske koristi in razvojne možnosti prometnih sistemov v RS |language=sl, en |trans-title=National Economic Benefits and the Possibilities of the Development of Transport Systems in the Republic of Slovenia |first=Peter |last=Gabrijelčič |book-title=10th Slovenian Road and Transport Congress |date=October 2010 }}{{dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> In contrast, other state roads, managed by the [[Slovenian Infrastructure Agency]] (until January 2015 named Slovenian Roads Agency), have been rapidly deteriorating due to neglect and the overall increase in traffic.<ref name="ECORYS2011" /> About half of them are in a bad condition.<ref>{{cite book |url=http://www.siol.net/novice/slovenija/2012/01/drzavne_ceste.aspx |title=Kar polovica od šest tisoč kilometrov državnih cest je v slabem stanju |language=sl |trans-title=Quite a Half of Six Thousand Kilometers of the State Roads Are in a Bad Condition |access-date=12 April 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120516073008/http://www.siol.net/novice/slovenija/2012/01/drzavne_ceste.aspx |archive-date=16 May 2012 }}</ref> The urban and suburban network served by buses is relatively dense.<ref name="ECORYS2011" />

===Highways===
{{main|Highways in Slovenia}}
The first [[highway]] in [[Slovenia]], the [[A1 motorway (Slovenia)|A1]], was opened in 1958 as part of the major Yugoslav project of the [[Brotherhood and Unity Highway]]. The section between Ljubljana and Zagreb was built by 54,000 volunteers in less than eight months in 1958.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.park.si/2008/11/nova-razstav-v-dolenjskem-muzeju-cesta-ki-je-spremenila-dolenjsko/ |title=Nova razstava v Dolenjskem muzeju: Cesta, ki je spremenila Dolenjsko |language=sl |trans-title=The New Exhibition in the Lower Carniolan Museum: The Road that Transformed the Lower Carniola |date=28 November 2008 |first=Uroš |last=Lubej |newspaper=Park.si |access-date=26 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615111642/http://www.park.si/2008/11/nova-razstav-v-dolenjskem-muzeju-cesta-ki-je-spremenila-dolenjsko/ |archive-date=15 June 2018 }}</ref> It connects [[Vrhnika]] and [[Postojna]]. Constructed under the liberal minded government of [[Stane Kavčič]] their development plan envisioned a modern highway network spanning Slovenia and connecting the republic to [[transport in Italy|Italy]] and [[transport in Austria|Austria]]. After the liberal fraction of the [[Communist Party of Slovenia]] was deposed, expansion of the Slovenian highway network came to a halt. In the 1990s the new country started the 'National Programme of Highway Construction', effectively re-using the old communist plans. Since then about 400&nbsp;km of [[motorway]]s, [[limited-access road|expressway]]s and similar roads have been completed, easing automotive transport across the country and providing a strong road service between eastern and western Europe. This has provided a boost to the national economy, encouraging the development of transportation and export industries.

There are two types of highways in Slovenia. ''Avtocesta'' (abbr. AC) are dual carriage way motorways with a [[speed limit]] of 130&nbsp;km/h. They have green road signs as in Italy, Croatia and other countries. A ''hitra cesta'' (HC) is a secondary road also a dual carriageway but without a hard shoulder for emergencies. They have a speed limit of 110&nbsp;km/h and have blue road signs.

Since 1 June 2008 highway users in Slovenia have been required to buy a [[vignette (road tax)|toll sticker]] ({{langx|sl|vinjeta}}). This system was investigated by the [[European Commission]] that it was unfair upon holiday makers and other non Slovenian users of the highway system. On 28 January 2010, after short-term stickers were introduced by Slovenia and some other changes were made to the Slovenian toll sticker system, the European Commission concluded that the toll sticker system is in accordance with [[Law of the European Union|European law]].<ref>{{cite web  |url=http://www.sta.si/en/vest.php?id=1474765 |title=Brussels Stops Proceedings over Vignettes |publisher=[[Slovenian Press Agency|STA]]  |date=29 January 2010}}</ref>

According to the Slovenian Motorway Company Act valid since December 2010, the construction and building of highways in Slovenia is carried out and financed by private companies, primarily the [[Motorway Company in the Republic of Slovenia]] (Slovene: {{lang|sl|Družba za avtoceste v Republiki Sloveniji}}, acronym ''DARS''), while the strategic planning and the acquisition of land for their course is carried out and financed by the [[Government of Slovenia]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.sta.si/vest.php?s=a&t=1&id=1578334 |title=Parliament Passes Motorway Company Act |date=23 November 2010 |access-date=19 January 2011 |publisher=Slovene Press Agency |archive-date=4 November 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141104062425/http://www.sta.si/vest.php?s=a&t=1&id=1578334 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.finance.si/295626/DZ-pri%BEgal-zeleno-lu%E8-300-milijonskemu-poro%B9tvu-za-Dars |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120801052655/http://www.finance.si/295626/DZ-pri%BEgal-zeleno-lu%E8-300-milijonskemu-poro%B9tvu-za-Dars |archive-date=1 August 2012 |title=Državni zbor prižgal zeleno luč 300-milijonskemu poroštvu za Dars |trans-title=The National Assembly Has Given Free Way to the 300-Million Guarantee for DARS |language=sl |date=23 November 2010 |access-date=19 January 2011 }}</ref> The highways are owned by DARS.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.uradni-list.si/1/content?id=101016 |title=Zakon o Družbi za avtoceste v Republiki Sloveniji |language=sl |trans-title=Motorway Company in the Republic of Slovenia Act |date=3 December 2010 |access-date=19 January 2011 |publisher=Official Gazette of the Republic of Slovenia}}</ref>

===Bus transport===
The beginnings of the bus transport in Slovenia date back to the early 20th century, when Slovenia was part of [[Austria-Hungary]]. The first two bus routes, between [[Gorizia]] and [[Postojna]] and between [[Idrija]] and [[Logatec]], were opened in 1912, with additional four opened before World War I. The length of bus lines was {{convert|295|km|abbr=on}}. The transport was primarily organised by the Post Directorate of Austria. After the war, the transport was organised by the Post Directorate of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, gradually joined by private operators. The buses, primarily manufactured by [[Saurer]], [[Benz Söhne|Benz]], and [[Daimler-Motoren-Gesellschaft|Daimler]], were small and could accept six to ten passengers. The total length of bus lines at the end of the mid-war period was {{convert|2893|km|abbr=on}}.<ref name="IB">{{cite web |url=http://www.integral-brebus.si/zgodovina |title=Zgodovina podjetja |language=sl |trans-title=History of the Company |publisher=Integral Brežice |access-date=23 January 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140202133001/http://www.integral-brebus.si/zgodovina |archive-date=2 February 2014 }}</ref><ref name="Pelc">{{cite book |url=http://fl.uni-mb.si/attachments/140_Ucbenik_PG%20UNI_09.pdf |title=Izbrana poglavja iz prometne geografije: univerzitetni učbenik |language=sl |trans-title=Selected Chapters from the Geography of Transport: University Textbook |first=Stanko |last=Pelc |year=2010 |isbn=978-961-6562-36-2 |publisher=Faculty of Logistics, University of Maribor |access-date=23 January 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140202094252/http://fl.uni-mb.si/attachments/140_Ucbenik_PG%20UNI_09.pdf |archive-date=2 February 2014 }}</ref>

After the end of World War II the bus traffic drastically developed. In 1946 the state ministry of local transport in the [[People's Republic of Slovenia]] established the [[National Bus and Transport Company of Slovenia]] ({{lang|sl|Državno avtobusno in prevozniško podjetje Slovenije}}, ''DAPPS''). In 1948 the company was reorganised to another company named ''[[Slovenija avtopromet]]'' (''SAP'') with branches across the country, some of which were later transformed to independent local bus operators.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.dlib.si/details/URN:NBN:SI:DOC-TQ9BE88E |title=SAP – 30-letnik |language=sl |trans-title=SAP: The 30 Year Old |year=1975 |newspaper=Naša skupnost |volume=16 |issue=10 |publisher=Skupščina občine Ljubljana Moste-Polje |access-date=23 January 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140203214934/http://www.dlib.si/details/URN:NBN:SI:DOC-TQ9BE88E |archive-date=3 February 2014 }}</ref> The bus transport gradually replaced the railway transport and became the predominant means of public transport in the 1960s. The bus lines reached over {{convert|20000|km|abbr=on}} (1&nbsp;km/km<sup>2</sup>), with 26 million passengers altogether.<ref name="Pelc" />

Today the bus traffic is the main means of public passenger transport in Slovenia, particularly in towns. The main bus stations are in [[Ljubljana]], [[Maribor]], [[Celje]], and [[Kranj]]. The bus transport and the public transport in general have steeply declined in Slovenia in the 1990s, particularly in the western part of the country. They are used mainly by people who have no other option; most people travel with their own car.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NoZUwuFSmnMC&q=dnevna+mobilnost+v+sloveniji |title=Dnevna mobilnost v Sloveniji |language=sl |trans-title=Daily Mobility in Slovenia |first1=Matej |last1=Gabrovec |first2=David |last2=Bole |year=2009 |publisher=Založba ZRC |isbn=978-961-254-118-7}}</ref>

== Pipelines ==
[[Crude oil]] 5&nbsp;km; [[natural gas]] 840&nbsp;km (2010).

== Ports and harbours ==
[[File:03 Port of Koper aerial view, Slovenia - Luka Koper.jpg|thumb|right|Aerial view of the [[Port of Koper]]]]
There are three ports on the Slovenian coast. The traffic is mostly international.<ref name="RR9">{{cite journal |url=http://www.stat.si/doc/statinf/22-si-285-1001.pdf |title=Transport |journal=Statistične informacije [Rapid Reports] |date=20 April 2010 |number=9 |page=2 |access-date=12 April 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120803023914/http://www.stat.si/doc/statinf/22-si-285-1001.pdf |archive-date=3 August 2012 }}</ref><ref name="Eurostat2004">{{cite web |url=http://circa.europa.eu/irc/dsis/regportraits/info/data/en/si00c_eco.htm |title=OBALNO-KRAŠKA - Economy |work=Portrait of the Regions |year=2004 |publisher=Eurostat |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130516222135/http://circa.europa.eu/irc/dsis/regportraits/info/data/en/si00c_eco.htm |archive-date=16 May 2013 }}</ref> The major is the [[Port of Koper]], built in 1957.<ref name="AH2008-16-3GA">{{cite journal |url=http://www.dlib.si/stream/URN:NBN:SI:DOC-JKJ7TQMG/74880c59-56c7-48b6-9ed2-73ca85b11622/PDF |title=Sodobne pol1t1čno-geografske značilnosti alpsko-jadranskega prostora brez meja |language=sl, en, it |trans-title=Contemporary Political Geography of the Alpen-Adriatic Region Without Borders |first=Anton |last=Gosar |journal=Acta Histriae |year=2008 |volume=16 |issue=3 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131025125302/http://www.dlib.si/stream/URN%3ANBN%3ASI%3ADOC-JKJ7TQMG/74880c59-56c7-48b6-9ed2-73ca85b11622/PDF |archive-date=25 October 2013 }}</ref> It is a [[feeder port]].<ref name="AH2008-16-3GA" /> It is about {{convert|2000|nmi}} closer to destinations east of the [[Suez Canal|Suez]] than the ports of Northern Europe, and the land transport from Koper by road and by railway to the main industrial centres in Central Europe is approximately {{convert|500|km}} shorter than from Northern European ports.<ref name="ECONSHIP2011">{{cite conference |url=http://www.stt.aegean.gr/econship2011/index.php?option=com_docman&task=doc_view&gid=100&tmpl=component&format=raw&Itemid=20 |title=Container Boom in the Port of Koper |author=Twrdy, Elen |author2=Trupac, Igor |book-title=European Conference on Shipping & Ports 2011: Proceedings |isbn=978-960-93-3295-8 }}{{dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> It is multimodal and one of the most modern in this part of the world,<ref name="RR9" /> but its development is hindered by the lack of sufficient depth.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.vzpon.si/novice/investicije/3818/luka_koper_razkrila_poslovne_nacrte_za_leto_2012 |title=Luka Koper razkrila poslovne načrte za leto 2012 |language=sl |trans-title=The Port of Koper has Revealed its Business Plans for 2012 |date=12 January 2012 |newspaper=Vzpon |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120127192729/http://www.vzpon.si/novice/investicije/3818/luka_koper_razkrila_poslovne_nacrte_za_leto_2012 |archive-date=27 January 2012 }}</ref> From it, there are reliable and regular shipping container lines to all major world ports.<ref name="ECONSHIP2011" /> The port has been rapidly growing and in 2011, more than 17 million tonnes (16,7&nbsp;million long tons, 18,7&nbsp;million short tons) of cargo passed through it.<ref name="ECONSHIP2011" /><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.siol.net/novice/gospodarstvo/2012/01/luka_koper.aspx |title=V Luki Koper je lani skupni ladijski tovor presegel 17 milijonov ton |language=sl |trans-title=The Last Year, The Total Ship Cargo Surpassed 17 Million Tonnes in the Port of Koper |date=17 January 2012 |publisher=Planet Siol.net |access-date=12 April 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120516072727/http://www.siol.net/novice/gospodarstvo/2012/01/luka_koper.aspx |archive-date=16 May 2012 }}</ref> It is the largest Northern Adriatic port in terms of container transport.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.greenmed.eu/news-1160.html |title=Koper Port Hits Record High in Container Traffic |newspaper=Green Med Journal |date=21 November 2011 |access-date=12 April 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111125155522/http://www.greenmed.eu/news-1160.html |archive-date=25 November 2011 }}</ref> In 2011, almost 590,000 [[twenty-foot equivalent unit|TEUs]] passed through it.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.porttechnology.org/news/konecranes_to_delivery_three_further_rtgs_to_luka_koper/ |title=Konecranes to deliver three further RTGs to Luka Koper |newspaper=Port Technology International |date=23 January 2012 |access-date=12 April 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120518173144/http://www.porttechnology.org/news/konecranes_to_delivery_three_further_rtgs_to_luka_koper/ |archive-date=18 May 2012 }}</ref> There is a skewed balance in the direction of trade flows in the Port of Koper where import flows clearly outweigh export flows.<ref name="ECORYS2011" /> The majority of maritime passenger traffic in Slovenia takes place in Koper,<ref name="RR21">{{cite journal |url=http://www.stat.si/doc/statinf/22-SI-084-1101.pdf |title=Transport |journal=Statistične informacije [Rapid Reports] |date=4 November 2011 |number=21 |page=11 |access-date=12 April 2012 |archive-date=27 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211227093005/https://www.stat.si/doc/statinf/22-SI-084-1101.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> where a passenger terminal was completed in 2005.<ref name="Icon2011-12-19">{{cite book |url=http://www.icon-project.eu/docs/wp/5/port-logistic_SLO.pdf |chapter=Potniški terminal in njegova vloga v slovenskem prostoru |trans-chapter=The Passenger Terminal and its Significance in the Slovenian Space |date=19 December 2011 |publisher=iCon |page=17 |title=Archived copy |access-date=12 April 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304105414/http://www.icon-project.eu/docs/wp/5/port-logistic_SLO.pdf |archive-date=4 March 2016 }}</ref> It has recorded about 100,000 passengers in 2011,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://seonet.ljse.si/file.aspx?AttachmentID=26225 |title=Ladijski pretovor v letu 2011 |language=sl |trans-title=Ship Transloading in 2011 |publisher=Port of Koper |date=17 January 2012 |access-date=12 April 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130702055531/http://seonet.ljse.si/file.aspx?AttachmentID=26225 |archive-date=2 July 2013 }}</ref> and has been visited by the largest passenger ships, such as the [[MS Voyager of the Seas|MS ''Voyager of the Seas'']].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.sta.si/en/vest.php?s=a&t=0&id=1641456 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130418175236/http://www.sta.si/en/vest.php?s=a&t=0&id=1641456 |archive-date=18 April 2013 |title=One of World's Biggest Cruise Ships Sails into Koper Port |date=29 May 2005 |publisher=Slovenian Press Agency }}</ref> The two smaller ports used for the international passenger transport are located in [[Izola]] and [[Piran]]. The [[Port of Piran]] is also used for the international transport of salt, whereas the [[Port of Izola]] is used for fish disembarkation. Passenger transport in Slovenia takes place mainly with Italy and Croatia.<ref name="ReNPRP">{{cite web |url=http://www.mzp.gov.si/fileadmin/mzp.gov.si/pageuploads/DPomorstvo_splosno/2010_Nacionalni_program_verzija_22.pdf |title=Resolucija o nacionalnem programu razvoja pomorstva Republike Slovenije |trans-title=Resolution on the National Programme for the Development of Maritime Transport in the. Republic of Slovenia |language=sl |publisher=Ministry of Transport, Republic of Slovenia |date=3 November 2010 |access-date=12 April 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120510062630/http://www.mzp.gov.si/fileadmin/mzp.gov.si/pageuploads/DPomorstvo_splosno/2010_Nacionalni_program_verzija_22.pdf |archive-date=10 May 2012 }}</ref> The only shipping company of Slovenia is [[Splošna plovba]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.rtvslo.si/gospodarstvo/edini-slovenski-ladjar-praznuje/24584 |title=Edini slovenski ladjar praznuje |trans-title=The Only Slovenian Shipowner Celebrates |newspaper=MMC RTV Slovenija |date=22 October 2004 |issn=1581-372X}}</ref> It operates 28 ships with 1,025,000 tonnes of tonnage.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.delo.si/novice/slovenija/portoroz-v-kitajskem-pristaniscu.html |title="Portorož" v kitajskem pristanišču |language=sl |trans-title="Portorose" in the Chinese Port |date=29 November 2011 |newspaper=Delo.si |issn=1854-6544}}</ref> It transports freight and is active only in foreign ports.<ref name="RR21" />

== Airports ==
The first regular flights in Slovenia were established in the 1930s when the Yugoslav flag-carrier [[Aeroput]] linked Ljubljana since 1933 with numerous domestic destinations such as [[Belgrade]], [[Zagreb]], [[Sušak, Rijeka|Sušak]] and [[Borovo, Croatia|Borovo]].<ref>[http://www.europeanairlines.no/drustvo-za-vazdusni-saobracaj-a-d-aeroput-1927-1948/ Drustvo za Vazdusni Saobracaj A D – Aeroput] at europeanairlines.no</ref> In 1934 Aeroput opened the first international regular flight from Ljubljana linking it to Austrian city of [[Klagenfurt]].<ref name="flight360">{{cite magazine|magazine=[[Flight International]]|title=World Airlines Directory |date=10 August 1944|page=150|url=https://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1944/1944%20-%201652.html?search=aeroput}}</ref> After WWII, the company, rebranded as [[JAT Airways|JAT Yugoslav Airlines]], further developed and expanded the domestic network. A major break-trouth happened in the 1960s with the creation of a regional company, [[Adria Airways]] (known until 1986 as Inex-Adria Aviopromet because of its links with the Serbian company InterExport). Initially formed in Zagreb in 1961, the airline changed its headquarters to Ljubljana in 1964 with the opening of the new Ljubljana airport.<ref name="flight563">{{cite magazine|magazine=[[Flight International]]|title=World Airlines Directory |date=13 April 1967|url=https://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1967/1967%20-%200563.html?search=ljubljana}}</ref> It linked, along JAT, Ljubljana with numerous domestic and international destinations,<ref name="flight692">{{cite magazine|magazine=[[Flight International]]|title=World Airlines Directory |date=14 March 1990|page=42|url=https://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1990/1990%20-%200694.html?search=ljubljana}}</ref> and even included, since 1965, charter flights to the United States.<ref name="flight563"/> Also, in this period, numerous foreign companies opened regular flights to Ljubljana{{citation needed|date=July 2018}}.<ref name="flight563 b">{{cite magazine|magazine=[[Flight International]]|title=World Airlines Directory |date=15 October 1964|page=660|url=https://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1964/1964%20-%202661.html?search=ljubljana}} Example how in 1964 British Eagle opened a regular flight between London and Ljubljana</ref> Later, with the independence of Slovenia, Adria Airways became the country's flag-carrier.

Air transport in Slovenia is quite limited,<ref name="ARSO416" /> but has significantly grown since 1991.<ref name="RR26">{{cite journal |url=http://www.stat.si/doc/statinf/22-SI-284-1001.pdf |title=Transport |journal=Statistične informacije [Rapid Report] |number=26 |date=22 November 2010 |access-date=12 April 2012 |archive-date=27 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211227094007/https://www.stat.si/doc/statinf/22-SI-284-1001.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> There are three international airports in Slovenia. [[Ljubljana Jože Pučnik Airport]] in the central part of the country is by far the busiest,<ref name="RR26" /> with connections to many major European destinations.<ref>{{cite book |url=http://www.lju-airport.si/pripone/1085/informator_junij11_koncna.pdf |title=Information Booklet |year=2011 |publisher=Aerodrom Ljubljana |access-date=12 April 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120510062631/http://www.lju-airport.si/pripone/1085/informator_junij11_koncna.pdf |archive-date=10 May 2012 }}</ref> Around 1.4&nbsp;million passengers and 15,000 to 17,000 tonnes of cargo pass through it each year.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.lju-airport.si/eng/about-the-company/traffic-figures/?url=/about-the-company/traffic-figures/&ID=&fName=eng/vsebina.asp&IDM=153 |title=Traffic Figures |publisher=Aerodrom Ljubljana |access-date=7 February 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120217044704/http://www.lju-airport.si/eng/about-the-company/traffic-figures/?url=%2Fabout-the-company%2Ftraffic-figures%2F&ID=&fName=eng%2Fvsebina.asp&IDM=153 |archive-date=17 February 2012 }}</ref> The [[Maribor Edvard Rusjan Airport]] is located in the eastern part of the country and the [[Portorož Airport]] in the western part.<ref name="RR26"/> It has no scheduled or chartered passenger or cargo service as of 2018, but sees a lot of private flights. [[Adria Airways]] was the largest Slovenian airline<ref name="RR26" /> until September 2019, when it declared bankruptcy and ceased all operations. Since 2003, several new carriers have entered the market, mainly low-cost airlines.<ref name="ECORYS2011" /> The only Slovenian [[military airbase|military airport]] is the [[Cerklje ob Krki Air Base]] near the Slovenia–Croatia border in the southwestern part of the country.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://www.mo.gov.si/fileadmin/mo.gov.si/pageuploads/revija_sv/2006/sv06_08.pdf |title=Cerklje Airport on its way to future growth |journal=Slovenska Vojska |page=29 |volume=XIV |issue=8 |year=2006 |first=Jože |last=Konda |issn=1580-1993|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120510062628/http://www.mo.gov.si/fileadmin/mo.gov.si/pageuploads/revija_sv/2006/sv06_08.pdf |archive-date=10 May 2012 }}</ref> There are also 12 [[public airport]]s in Slovenia.<ref name="RR26" />

'''[[List of airports in Slovenia|Airport]]s:'''
16 (2012)
<br />'''[[Airstrip]]s:'''
44 (2004)

=== Airports - with paved runways ===
''total:''
7
<br />''over 3,047 m:''
1
<br />''2,438 to 3,047 m:''
1
<br />''1,524 to 2,437 m:''
1
<br />''914 to 1,523 m:''
3
<br />''under 914 m:''
1 (2012)

=== Airports - with unpaved runways ===
''total:''
9
<br />''1,524 to 2,437 m:''
1
<br />''914 to 1,523 m:''
3
<br />''under 914 m:''
5 (2012)

== See also ==
{{commons category|Transport in Slovenia}}
*[[List of airports in Slovenia]]
*[[List of tunnels by location#Slovenia|List of tunnels in Slovenia]]
*[[:Category:Railway lines in Slovenia|Railway lines in Slovenia]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20071118092842/http://www.dars.si/Default.aspx?lang=2 DARS, Motorway Company in the Republic of Slovenia]
* [http://www.lju-airport.si/eng/default.asp Ljubljana Airport] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070701231225/http://www.lju-airport.si/eng/default.asp |date=1 July 2007 }}
* [http://www.luka-kp.si/intro The port of Koper] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080807054839/http://www.luka-kp.si/intro/ |date=7 August 2008 }}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20180520051306/http://www.maribor-airport.si// Maribor Airport]
* [http://www.slo-zeleznice.si/en/ Slovene railways] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200525183900/https://www.slo-zeleznice.si/en/ |date=25 May 2020 }}

{{Slovenia topics}}
{{Transportation in Europe}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Transport in Slovenia}}
[[Category:Transport in Slovenia| ]]