Editing Transport in Singapore

{{Short description|none}}
[[File:Buses and Trains in Singapore.jpg|thumb|300x300px|Buses and trains are some of the common modes of transport in Singapore.]]
Transportation in [[Singapore]] is predominantly land-based, with a comprehensive network of roads making many parts of the city-state, including islands such as [[Sentosa]] and [[Jurong Island]], accessible. The road network is complemented by a robust rail system consisting of the [[Mass Rapid Transit (Singapore)|Mass Rapid Transit]] (MRT) and the [[Light Rail Transit (Singapore)|Light Rail Transit]] (LRT), which cover the length and width of Singapore and serve a few neighbourhoods respectively. The main island of Singapore is also connected to other islands via [[ferryboat]] services. Furthermore, the city-state maintains strong international connections through two bridges linking it to Malaysia – the [[Johor–Singapore Causeway|Causeway]] and the [[Malaysia–Singapore Second Link|Second Link]] – and the [[Singapore Changi Airport]], a major aviation hub in Asia.

Singapore's transport system is globally recognized for its reliability, efficiency and effectiveness. According to [[McKinsey & Company|McKinsey's]] Urban Transportation report, it ranks as the world's best overall, excelling in five criteria: availability, affordability, efficiency, convenience, and sustainability.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Wong |first=Derek |date=2018-08-23 |title=Singapore public transport system tops global list |language=en |work=[[The Straits Times]] |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/transport/spore-public-transport-system-tops-global-list |access-date=2023-10-02 |issn=0585-3923}}</ref> A study by London consulting firm Credo further highlights the cost-efficiency of Singapore's [[public transport]] [[Transport network|networks]],<ref>{{Cite news |last=Sim |first=Royston |date=2014-06-02 |title=Study: Singapore's public transport system one of world's most efficient |language=en |work=The Straits Times |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/transport/study-singapores-public-transport-system-one-of-worlds-most-efficient |access-date=2023-10-02 |issn=0585-3923}}</ref> with integrated multi-modal (bus and train) single-journey regular trunk adult card-based fares ranging from S$0.99 to S$2.26. The Monthly Travel Pass, offering unlimited bus and train rides, is set at S$128 per month.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Fare Structure |url=https://www.ptc.gov.sg/fare-regulation/bus-rail/fare-structure |access-date=2023-02-09 |website=ptc.gov.sg |publisher=[[Public Transport Council]]}}</ref>

Public transport, encompassing public buses and the MRT and LRT rail networks, is the most common mode of transportation within the city-state. The [[Land Transport Authority]] (LTA) fully integrates public transport, with [[state ownership]] and [[public financing]] of the [[public infrastructure]] and [[public capital]] assets of railways<ref>{{Cite web |title=New Rail Financing Framework |url=https://www.lta.gov.sg/content/ltagov/en/who_we_are/our_work/public_transport_system/rail/new_rail_financing_framework.html |access-date=2023-02-09 |website=lta.gov.sg |publisher=[[Land Transport Authority]]}}</ref> and buses.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bus Contracting Model |url=https://www.lta.gov.sg/content/ltagov/en/who_we_are/our_work/public_transport_system/bus/bus_contracting_model.html |access-date=2023-02-09 |website=lta.gov.sg |publisher=Land Transport Authority}}</ref> The operation and maintenance of these systems are tendered to bidding operator companies on contract.

[[Private transport]], including cars, motorcycles, and commercial vehicles, is less commonly used due to the country's limited land space and dense population. The LTA has controlled and limited the private vehicle population through the Vehicle Quota System (VQS) ownership market-based license auctions since 1990. High taxes, such as the [[Certificate of Entitlement]] (COE) and Additional Registration Fee (ARF), make private vehicle ownership prohibitively expensive, leading to Singapore's reputation as the most expensive country in the world to own a car.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Descalsota |first=Marielle |date=2022-06-28 |orig-date= |title=Cars in Singapore cost on average 5 times more than they do in the US. Here's a breakdown of what 5 popular cars would set you back in each country. |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/singapore-car-price-expensive-us-tesla-toyota-audi-honda-mercedes-2022-6 |access-date=2023-02-09 |website=[[Business Insider]] |language=en-US}}</ref>  

In recent years, Singapore has emerged as a preferred location for the testing and development of autonomous vehicles.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Umar Zakir Abdul |first=Hamid |display-authors=etal |date=2019 |title=Current Landscape of the Automotive Field in the ASEAN Region: Case Study of Singapore, Malaysia and Indonesia - A Brief Overview |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/336279557 |journal=ASEAN Journal of Automotive Technology |volume=1 |issue=1 |access-date=5 Oct 2019}}</ref>

==Road transport==
===Buses===
{{Main|Public buses of Singapore}}
{{see also|Bus contracting model of Singapore}}
[[File:SG6227L on 114 (MAN A95 ND323F Euro 6 Batch 5).jpg|thumb|New public buses in Singapore are painted lush green for easier identification.]]

Bus transport forms a significant part of public transport in Singapore, with over 4.0 million rides taken per day on average as of 2019.<ref name="ridership_2019">{{cite web|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/transport/bus-train-ridership-rises-to-new-high|title=Bus, train ridership rises to new high|date=13 February 2020|website=The Straits Times|access-date=13 February 2020}}</ref> There are more than 365 scheduled bus services, operated by [[SBS Transit]], [[SMRT Buses]], [[Tower Transit Singapore]] and [[Go-Ahead Singapore]]. There are also around 5,800 buses, most of which are [[Single-deck bus|single-deck]] and [[Double-deck bus|double-deck]], and a small minority of [[articulated buses]] and minibuses currently in active passenger service.

Since 2016, the Land Transport Authority regulates the public bus service standards and owns relevant assets whereas bus operators bid for operating bus services via competitive tendering, under its [[Bus contracting model of Singapore|Bus Contracting Model]].

===Taxis and PHVs===
{{Main|Taxis of Singapore}}
[[File:Toyota Prius XW60 Singapore Taxi.jpg|thumb|A Toyota Prius taxi operated by ComfortDelgro]]

[[Taxi]]s and [[vehicle for hire|private hire vehicle]]s (PHV) are a popular form of transport, with fares considered low compared to those in most cities in developed countries. Starting rates were $3.20 - $3.90. As of March 2019, the taxi and private hire car population has been increased to 83,037.

In Singapore, [[Taxi|taxis]] can be flagged down at any time of the day along any public road outside of the [[Downtown Core|Central Business District]] (CBD), while [[Vehicle for hire|private hire cars]] can only be booked via [[Ridesharing company|ridesharing apps]].

===Private cars===
As of 2018, there was a total of 957,006 motor vehicles in Singapore, with 509,302 of them being private cars.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.lta.gov.sg/content/dam/ltaweb/corp/PublicationsResearch/files/FactsandFigures/MVP01-1_MVP_by_type.pdf|title=Annual Vehicle Statistics 2018: MOTOR VEHICLE POPULATION BY VEHICLE TYPE|publisher=Land Transport Authority|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170119121449/https://www.lta.gov.sg/content/dam/ltaweb/corp/PublicationsResearch/files/FactsandFigures/MVP01-1_MVP_by_type.pdf|archive-date=19 January 2017|access-date=7 March 2020}}</ref>

Private transport (cars, motorcycles, commercial vehicles) is less commonly used as due to limited land space of the country. The [[Land Transport Authority]] (LTA) has limited and controlled the population of privately owned vehicles in the country through the Vehicle Quota System (VQS) ownership market-based license auctions since 1990.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=How the COE system went from managing rapid vehicle growth to hitting record premiums |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/coe-quota-policy-cars-vehicles-history-record-prices-2843996 |access-date=2023-02-09 |website=CNA |language=en}}</ref> As a result, private vehicles are prohibitively expensive and Singapore is known to be most expensive country in the world to own a car.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":4">{{Cite web |last=Ho |first=Timothy |date=2022-04-11 |title=An Explanation On Why Cars In Singapore Are So Expensive |url=https://dollarsandsense.sg/no-nonsense-explanation-on-why-cars-in-singapore-are-so-expensive/ |access-date=2023-02-09 |website=DollarsAndSense.sg |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":5">{{Cite web |date=January 2022 |title=Why are cars so expensive in Singapore? |url=https://www.budgetdirect.com.sg/car-insurance/research/why-are-cars-so-expensive-in-singapore |access-date=2023-02-09 |website=Budget Direct Insurance}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-10-05 |title=Cost of car ownership soars in Singapore |language=en-GB |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/business-67014420 |access-date=2023-10-06}}</ref> Prospective private vehicle owners are required to place a bid for a [[Certificate of Entitlement]] (COE) sold under auction (valid for ten years, as of May 2024;<ref name=":12">{{Cite news |title=COE prices for smaller cars dip to $92,700, premiums for bigger cars inch up to $105,689 |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/transport/coe-prices-for-smaller-cars-dip-to-92700-premiums-for-bigger-cars-inch-up-to-105689 |access-date=2024-05-30 |website=Straits Times |date=23 May 2024 |language=en}}</ref> COEs are priced at more than S$92,700 for CAT A cars [below 97bhp], S$105,689 for bigger CAT B cars [above 97bhp], S$72,001 for prospective commercial vehicle owners and more than S$9,311 for prospective motorcycle owners) and pay the Additional Registration Fee (ARF) tax imposed at 100-320% of the open market value (OMV) of the vehicle, among other fees.<ref name=":4" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Yeoh |first=Grace |date=2023-02-14 |title=Budget 2023: Higher additional registration fees, cap on rebates for luxury car owners |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/budget-2023-car-tax-arf-parf-omv-coe-3277081 |access-date=2023-02-15 |website=[[CNA (TV network)]] |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=cue |date=2023-02-14 |title=Budget 2023: Tax for higher-end cars to rise again; ARF to go up from 220% to 320% {{!}} The Straits Times |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/transport/budget-2023-tax-for-higher-end-cars-to-rise-again |access-date=2023-02-15 |website=www.straitstimes.com |language=en}}</ref> As a result of the aforementioned taxes, on-the-road car prices in Singapore are approximately five times the on-the-road car prices in Western countries.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":4" /><ref name=":5" />

===Roads and expressways===
{{Main|Driving in Singapore|Expressways of Singapore}}
[[File:Expressway in Singapore.jpg|thumb|A section of [[Seletar Expressway]]]]

Singapore pioneered [[congestion pricing]] (the market-based usage management of public roads to reduce congestion at specific times within the city centre and certain expressways), with the [[Singapore Area Licensing Scheme]], which has since been replaced with the [[Electronic Road Pricing]], a form of [[electronic toll collection]].

* Total length of expressways: 164&nbsp;km
* Total length of major arterial roads: 576&nbsp;km
* Total length of collector roads: 704&nbsp;km
* Total length of local access roads: 2056&nbsp;km (as of 2017)<ref name="Facts">{{cite web|url=https://data.gov.sg/dataset/length-of-road-maintained-by-lta?resource_id=adcf420f-4f4e-4995-9cdf-e910b45a3bc2|title=Length of Roads Maintained by LTA|date=2018-04-06|work=Land Transport Authority|access-date=2020-03-07}}</ref>

Traffic [[Right- and left-hand traffic|drives on the left]] which is typical in [[Commonwealth of Nations|Commonwealth]] countries.

[[File:Expressways and Semi-expressways of Singapore 2012.png|thumb|All expressways, plus the semi-expressways in Singapore]]

The planning, construction and maintenance of the road network is fully conducted by the [[Land Transport Authority]] (LTA), and this extends to expressways in Singapore. These form key transport arteries between the distinct towns and [[regional centre (Singapore)|regional centres]] as laid out in [[urban planning in Singapore|Singapore's urban planning]], with the main purpose of allowing vehicles to travel from satellite towns to the city centre and vice versa in the shortest possible distance. These expressways include:
* [[Ayer Rajah Expressway]] (AYE)
* [[Bukit Timah Expressway]] (BKE)
* [[Central Expressway, Singapore|Central Expressway]] (CTE)
* [[East Coast Parkway]] (ECP)
* [[Marina Coastal Expressway]] (MCE)
* [[Kallang–Paya Lebar Expressway]] (KPE)
* [[Kranji Expressway]] (KJE)
* [[Pan Island Expressway]] (PIE)
* [[Seletar Expressway]] (SLE)
* [[Tampines Expressway]] (TPE)
* [[North–South Corridor, Singapore|North–South Corridor]] (scheduled opening in 2027)

The influence of expressways on Singapore's transport policy developed shortly after independence during the [[history of Singapore]] because of frequent [[traffic congestion]] in the Central district. The aim was to encourage residential development in other parts of the island and give residents in these new "satellite towns" a convenient link between their homes and their workplaces (which were mostly situated around the city centre).<ref>A redBus <nowiki>''</nowiki>[https://www.redbus.sg/travels/operators-directory Guide for navigating singapore<nowiki>''</nowiki>]  ''Land Transport Authority, Singapore''. Retrieved 14 December 2024</ref>

===Causeway and link bridge===
[[File:Malaysia-Singapore Second Link Linkedua.jpg|thumb|Tuas Second Link]]

Singapore has two land links to [[Malaysia]]. The [[Johor-Singapore Causeway]], built in the 1920s to connect [[Johor Bahru]] in [[Johor]], Malaysia to [[Woodlands, Singapore|Woodlands]] in Singapore, carries a road and a railway line. The [[Malaysia–Singapore Second Link|Tuas Second Link]], a bridge further west, was completed in 1996 and links [[Tuas]] in Singapore to [[Tanjung Kupang]] in Johor.

===Trishaws===
Before World War II, [[Pulled rickshaw|rickshaws]] were an important part of urban public transportation. In 1947 they were banned on humanitarian grounds, and replaced by [[Cycle rickshaw|trishaws]] (cycle rickshaws).<ref>{{cite web|title=Infopedia: Rickshaw|url=http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/infopedia/articles/SIP_947_2005-01-25.html|access-date=2019-10-27}}</ref>

Usage of [[trishaw]]s as a means of transportation had died out by 1983.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Lim|first1=Jason|title=A Slow Ride into the Past: The Chinese Trishaw Industry in Singapore, 1942-1983|year=2012|publisher=Monash University Publishing |isbn=978-1921867385}}</ref> Some trishaws then served as tourist attractions, taking tourists for a ride around the downtown district. Individual trishaw rider licenses were last issued in 2001, while the last licensed operator of trishaw tours, Trishaw Uncle, ended its contract with the [[Singapore Tourism Board]] at the end of May 2023. As of April 2024, there are no commercial trishaw services operating in Singapore.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Lee |first1=Chong Ming |title=From their heyday in the 1940s to their demise: The end of trishaws in Singapore |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/trishaws-singapore-origins-history-timeline-transport-decline-4260826 |website=CNA |publisher=MediaCorp |access-date=15 April 2024 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Tham |first1=Davina |title=Loss of trishaw tours in Singapore linked to road development plans, waning demand |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/no-more-trishaw-ride-tour-albert-street-tourism-demand-road-development-4277711 |website=CNA |access-date=5 May 2024 |language=en}}</ref>

==Rail transport==
{{main|Rail transport in Singapore}}

===Mass Rapid Transit (MRT)===
{{main|Mass Rapid Transit (Singapore)}}
[[File:SG MRT 25.jpg|thumb|Mass Rapid Transit]]

The [[Mass Rapid Transit (Singapore)|Mass Rapid Transit]], which opened in 1987, is a [[heavy rail]] metro system that serves as the major backbone of Singapore's public transport system along with [[Bus transport in Singapore|public buses]]; as of November 2022, the network has a length of {{convert|229.7|km|mi|2|abbr=on}}<ref name=":6">{{Cite web |title=Rail Length |url=https://datamall.lta.gov.sg/content/datamall/en/static-data.html#Public%20Transport |access-date=2024-05-30 |website=Land Transport Authority, Singapore}}</ref> and 166 stations.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Land Transport Datamall, LTA |url=https://datamall.lta.gov.sg/content/datamall/en/static-data.html#Public%20Transport |access-date=2024-05-30 |website=Land Transport Authority, Singapore}}</ref> The [[Land Transport Authority]], the main planning authority of the MRT, plans to provide a more comprehensive rail transport system by expanding the rail system to a total of {{convert|360|km|mi|2|abbr=on}} by the year 2030, with eight in ten households living within a 10-minute walking distance of an MRT station.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.lta.gov.sg/apps/news/page.aspx?c=2&id=38dc4ca3-5e70-4bf8-97bc-87f78e6303e7|title=Two New Rail Lines and Three New Extensions to Expand Rail Network by 2030|website=www.lta.gov.sg|access-date=2019-04-08}}</ref>

The current [[Mass Rapid Transit (Singapore)|MRT]] network consists of six main lines: the [[North–South MRT line|North–South Line]], [[East–West MRT line|East–West Line]], [[Circle MRT line|Circle Line]] and [[Thomson–East Coast MRT line|Thomson–East Coast Line]] operated by [[SMRT Trains]] ([[SMRT Corporation]]) and the [[North East MRT line|North East Line]] and [[Downtown MRT line|Downtown Line]] operated by [[SBS Transit]]. Two more lines, the [[Jurong Region MRT line|Jurong Region Line]] and the [[Cross Island MRT line|Cross Island Line]], will open in stages from 2027 and 2030 respectively.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/jurong-region-line-mrt-stations-open-2026-10216126|title=Jurong Region Line to serve NTU, Tengah estate, Jurong Industrial Estate|website=CNA|language=en|access-date=2019-04-08|archive-date=21 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190921084041/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/jurong-region-line-mrt-stations-open-2026-10216126|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/transport/first-phase-of-cross-island-mrt-line-finalised-will-have-12-stations|title=First phase of Cross Island MRT line finalised; will have 12 stations|date=2019-01-25|website=The Straits Times|language=en|access-date=2019-04-08}}</ref>

===Light Rail Transit (LRT)===
{{main|Light Rail Transit (Singapore)}}
[[File:(SGP-Singapore) Bukit Panjang LRT Line Bombardier Innovia APM 300R C801B 136 @ Bukit Panjang 2024-08-02.jpg|thumb|Light Rail Transit]]

In several [[new town]]s, [[automatic train operation|automated]] [[rubber-tyred metro|rubber-tyred]] light rail transit systems function as feeders to the main MRT network in lieu of feeder buses. The total length of Singapore's LRT systems is {{convert|28.8|km|mi|2|abbr=on}}.<ref name=":6" /> The first LRT line, which is operated by [[SMRT Corporation|SMRT]] Light Rail, opened in [[Bukit Panjang LRT Line|Bukit Panjang]] in 1999 to provide a connection to [[Choa Chu Kang MRT/LRT station|Choa Chu Kang]] in neighbouring [[Choa Chu Kang New Town]]. Although subsequently hit by over 50 incidents, some of which resulted in several days of system suspension, similar systems albeit from a different company were introduced in [[Sengkang LRT Line|Sengkang]] and [[Punggol LRT Line|Punggol]] in 2003 and 2005 respectively, both operated by [[SBS Transit]].

===International rail links===
The [[West Coast Line (Malaysia)|international railway line]] to Malaysia is an extension of the Malaysian rail network operated by [[Keretapi Tanah Melayu]] (Malayan Railways). Since 1 July 2011, [[Woodlands Train Checkpoint]] serves as the southern terminus of the KTM rail network. Previously, KTM trains terminated at [[Tanjong Pagar railway station]] in central Singapore. A new rail link is being built: the [[Johor Bahru-Singapore Rapid Transit System]] between [[Woodlands North MRT/RTS station|Woodlands North]] and Bukit Chagar, Johor Bahru.

==Air transport==
===Airlines===
[[File:SIA Airbus A380, 9V-SKA, SIN 3 resized.jpg|thumb|Singapore Airlines is the national flag carrier of Singapore.]]
[[File:9V-OFB (30227693031).jpg|thumb|[[Scoot]] is the [[low-cost carrier|low-cost]] arm of Singapore Airlines.]]

The national [[flag carrier]] is [[Singapore Airlines]]. In total, there are three local airlines, all operating out of [[Changi Airport]]:

* [[Jetstar Asia Airways]]
* [[Scoot]] 
* Singapore Airlines

Malaysia's [[Firefly (airline)|Firefly]] is the sole operator with scheduled services out of [[Seletar Airport]].

===Airports===
{{Main|List of airports in Singapore}}
[[File:Singapore Changi Airport, Control Tower 2, Dec 05.JPG|thumb|Control tower of Singapore Changi Airport]]

The aviation industry is regulated by the [[Civil Aviation Authority of Singapore]], a statutory board of the Singapore government under the [[Ministry of Transport (Singapore)|Ministry of Transport]].

An open skies agreement was concluded with the United Kingdom in October 2007 permitting unrestricted services from Singapore by UK carriers. Singapore carriers were allowed to operate domestic UK services as well as services beyond London Heathrow to a number of destinations, including the United States along with Canada.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.channelnewsasia.com/stories/singaporebusinessnews/view/303608/1/.html|title=Singapore, UK conclude landmark Open Skies Agreement|date=3 October 2007|publisher=Channelnewsasia.com}}</ref>

[[Singapore Changi Airport]], with its four terminals, is one of the most important air hubs in the region. The international airport is situated at the easternmost tip of the main island, and serves 185 cities in 58 countries.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.changiairport.com/changi/en/about_us/fact_sheets/air_network/?__locale=en|title=Air Network|publisher=changiairport.com|access-date=26 March 2008|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080325034011/http://www.changiairport.com/changi/en/about_us/fact_sheets/air_network/?__locale=en|archive-date=25 March 2008|df=dmy-all}}</ref> With the recent opening of the fourth terminal, Changi is now capable of handling more than 70 million passengers every year. Singapore Changi Airport is also named World's Best Airport in 2023 by Skytrax, its 12th selection in the past few decades.<ref>{{cite web |title=Skytrax names Singapore Changi as World's Best Airport |url=https://www.worldairportawards.com/ |website=World Airport Awards |publisher=Skytrax |access-date=9 April 2024}}</ref>

[[Seletar Airport]] is Singapore's first civil aviation airport and is primarily used for private aviation. Smaller turbo props also serve [[Seletar Airport]].

{| style="width:100%; margin:auto;"  cellpadding="1"
<caption>'''Airport and airbase technical data'''<br /></caption>
! style="background:#efefef;" | Airport!! style="background:#efefef;" |ICAO!! style="background:#efefef;" |IATA!! style="background:#efefef;" |Usage!! style="background:#efefef;" |Runway!! style="background:#efefef;" |Length<br />(ft)!! style="background:#efefef;" |Length<br />(m)!! style="background:#efefef;" |Remarks
|-
| [[Paya Lebar Air Base]]||WSAP||QPG||Military||Paved||12400||3800||Former civilian
|-
| [[Seletar Airport]]||WSSL||XSP||Civilian/military||Paved||6023||1836||Mainly non-scheduled flights
|-
| [[Sembawang Air Base]]||WSAG||||Military||Paved||3000||914||
|-
| [[Singapore Changi Airport]]||WSSS||SIN||Civilian||Paved||13200||4000||
|-
| [[Tengah Air Base]]||WSAT||TGA||Military||Paved||8900||2713||
|}

===Heliports===
{{Main|List of heliports in Singapore}}

==Aerial lift transport==
===Cable car===
[[File:SG-sentosa-cable-car.jpg|thumb|The Singapore Cable Car spans across the [[Keppel Harbour]] between Singapore and [[Sentosa]].]]

The [[Singapore Cable Car]] is a three-station [[gondola lift]] system that plies between [[Mount Faber]] on the main island of Singapore and the resort island of [[Sentosa]] via [[HarbourFront]]. Opened in 1974, it was the first aerial ropeway system in the world to span a harbour. The cable car system underwent a revamp that was completed in August 2010.

In addition, a similar gondola lift system also operates within Sentosa as the Sentosa Line were opened in 2015. This line links Siloso Point to Imbiah.<ref>{{cite web |title=New cable car service to help visitors get around Sentosa |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/new-cable-car-service-to-help-visitors-get-around-sentosa |publisher=The Straits Times |access-date=7 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190707083028/https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/new-cable-car-service-to-help-visitors-get-around-sentosa |archive-date=7 July 2019 |url-status=live |date=2015-07-14 }}</ref>

{{clear}}

==Maritime transport==
===Ports and harbours===
[[File:Port of Singapore Keppel Terminal.jpg|thumb|Keppel Container Terminal in Singapore]]

The [[Port of Singapore]], run by the port operators PSA International (formerly the Port of Singapore Authority) and Jurong Port, is the world's busiest in terms of shipping tonnage handled. 1.04 billion gross tons were handled in 2004, crossing the one billion mark for the first time in Singapore's maritime history. Singapore also emerged as the top port in terms of cargo tonnage handled with 393 million tonnes of cargo in the same year, beating the Port of [[Rotterdam]] for the first time in the process. In 2019, it handled a total of 626 million tonnes of cargo.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://data.gov.sg/dataset/cargo-throughput-monthly|title=Cargo Throughput, Monthly|date=2020-01-28|website=Data.gov.sg|access-date=2020-03-07}}</ref>

In 2018, Singapore was ranked second globally in terms of [[containerization|containerised]] traffic, with 36.6 million Twenty-Foot Equivalent Units (TEUs) handled,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.worldshipping.org/about-the-industry/global-trade/top-50-world-container-ports|title=Top 50 World Container Ports|website=World Shipping Council|access-date=2020-03-07|archive-date=27 August 2013|archive-url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20130827191609/http://www.worldshipping.org/about-the-industry/global-trade/top-50-world-container-ports|url-status=dead}}</ref> and is also the world's busiest hub for transshipment traffic. Additionally, Singapore is the world's largest bunkering hub, with 49.8 million tonnes sold in 2018.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mpa.gov.sg/web/portal/home/media-centre/news-releases/detail/2f020aa2-cb44-4496-bab6-a73df5a5d619|title=Singapore's 2018 Maritime Performance|date=2019-01-14|website=Maritime and Port Authority of Singapore|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190929175903/https://www.mpa.gov.sg/web/portal/home/media-centre/news-releases/detail/2f020aa2-cb44-4496-bab6-a73df5a5d619|archive-date=2019-09-29|access-date=2020-03-07}}</ref>

In 2007, the Port of Singapore was ranked the world's busiest port, surpassing Hong Kong and Shanghai.<ref>{{cite news |title=Singapore remains world's busiest port |url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2006-01/12/content_4045562.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060308170354/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2006-01/12/content_4045562.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=8 March 2006 |date=12 January 2006 |publisher=Xinhuanet}}</ref> The Port of Singapore is also ranked the Best Seaport in Asia.

{| style="width:100%; margin:auto;"  cellpadding="1"
<caption>'''Ports and harbours data'''<br /></caption>
! style="background:#efefef;" | Port!! style="background:#efefef;" |Operator!! style="background:#efefef;" |Type!! style="background:#efefef;" |Berths!! style="background:#efefef;" |Quay length<br />(m)!! style="background:#efefef;" |Quay cranes!! style="background:#efefef;" |Area<br />(m<sup>2</sup>)!! style="background:#efefef;" |Capacity (kTEUs)
|-
|Asia Automobile (Singapore) (AATS)<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.singaporepsa.com/our-business/terminals/joint-venture-terminals|title=Our Business: Joint-Venture Terminals|website=www.singaporepsa.com|access-date=2020-03-07}}</ref>
|[[K Line]]/[[Nippon Yusen]]/[[PSA International]]
|Car
|2
|
|
|
|
|-
| Brani (BT)<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.singaporepsa.com/our-business/terminals|title=Our Business: Terminals|website=www.singaporepsa.com|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200114010314/https://www.singaporepsa.com/our-business/terminals|archive-date=2020-01-14|access-date=2020-03-07}}</ref>||[[PSA International]]||Container||8||2,325||26||790,000
|
|-
| Cosco-PSA (CPT)||[[Cosco]]/[[PSA International]]||Container||5||720|| ||228,000||5,000
|-
|[[Jurong Port|Jurong]]||[[JTC Corporation|JTC]]||Multi-purpose||23||4,486|| ||1,200,028
|
|-
| Keppel (KT)<ref name=":1" />||[[PSA International]]||Container||14||3,164
|27||1,025,000
|
|-
|Magenta Singapore (MST)<ref name=":0" />
|[[Ocean Network Express|ONE]]/[[PSA International]]
|Container
|4
|
|
|
|4,000
|-
|MSC-PSA Asia (MPAT)<ref name=":0" />
|[[Mediterranean Shipping Company|MSC]]/[[PSA International]]
|
|7
|
|
|
|14
|-
|Pasir Panjang Automobile (PPT)<ref name=":1" />
|[[PSA International]]
|Ro-ro
|3
|1,010
|
|250,000
|
|-
| Pasir Panjang (PPT 1)||[[PSA International]]||Container||6||2,145
|19||850,000
|
|-
|Pasir Panjang (PPT 2)
|[[PSA International]]
|Container
|9
|2,972
|36
|1,390,000
|
|-
|Pasir Panjang (PPT 3)
|[[PSA International]]
|Container
|8
|2,655
|31
|940,000
|
|-
|Pasir Panjang (PPT 4)
|[[PSA International]]
|Container
|3
|1,264
|13
|700,000
|
|-
|Pasir Panjang (PPT 5)
|[[PSA International]]
|Container
|6
|2,160
|24
|830,000
|
|-
|Pasir Panjang (PPT 6)
|[[PSA International]]
|Container
|6
|2,251
|24
|800,000
|
|-
|PIL-PSA Singapore (PPST)<ref name=":0" />
|[[Pacific International Lines|PIL]]/[[PSA International]]
|Container
|3
|
|
|
|
|-
| Sembawang Wharves<ref name=":1" />||[[PSA International]]||General||4
|660
| ||280,000
|
|-
| Tanjong Pagar (TPT)<ref name=":1" />||[[PSA International]]||Container||7||2,097
|0||795,000
|
|}

===Passenger transport===
[[File:Bumboat, Singapore.jpg|thumb|Bumboat on the Singapore River]]

Water transport within the main island is limited to the River Taxi along the [[Singapore River]]. The service was introduced in January 2013, with low ridership.<ref>{{cite news|title=Water taxis to make a splash in Singapore|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/personalfinance/expat-money/8978976/Water-taxis-to-make-a-splash-in-Singapore.html|access-date=6 April 2014|newspaper=Telegraph|date=27 December 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Few using water taxis as regular mode of commute|url=http://www.todayonline.com/singapore/few-using-water-taxis-regular-mode-commute|access-date=6 April 2014|newspaper=TODAY|date=2 August 2013}}</ref> There are also daily scheduled ferry services from the [[Marina South Pier]] to the [[Southern Islands]] such as [[Kusu Island]], [[Lazarus Island]] & [[Saint John's Island]] and [[Sisters' Islands]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Singapore Island Cruise|url=http://www.islandcruise.com.sg/|publisher=islandcruise|access-date=6 April 2014}}</ref> [[Changi Village#Changi Point Ferry Terminal|Changi Point Ferry Terminal]] in the east offers daily ferry services to [[Pulau Ubin]] and some destinations in [[Johor]], [[Malaysia]].

[[Singapore Cruise Centre]] (SCC) runs [[Tanah Merah Ferry Terminal|Tanah Merah]] and HarbourFront Ferry Terminals which are connected by ferry services to Indonesian [[Riau Islands]] of [[Batam]], [[Bintan]] and [[Great Karimun|Karimun]].<ref>{{cite web|title=wowgetaways.com|url=https://www.wowgetaways.com/|publisher=SCC|access-date=13 Mar 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180313093701/https://www.wowgetaways.com/|archive-date=13 March 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref>

In addition to the ferry terminals, the [[Singapore Cruise Centre]] (SCC) also operates a cruise terminal which is handled by the International Passenger Terminal (IPT), and has two berths of 310 metres and 270 metres with a height limit of 52 metres. It has a draft of 12 metres. It underwent an upgrade in 2005 to improve its passenger handling facilities. An additional cruise terminal, the [[Marina Bay Cruise Centre Singapore]], began construction in 2009 and was completed in 2012 in order to accommodate bigger cruise ships that are not able to dock at the [[Singapore Cruise Centre]].

==See also==
{{Portal|Singapore|Railways}}
* [[Plug-in electric vehicles in Singapore]]

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

==Further reading==
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite book|author1=Archives and Oral History Department (Singapore)|title=The Land Transport of Singapore, From Early Times to the Present|date=1984|publisher=Educational Publications Bureau|location=Singapore|isbn=9971001365}}
* {{cite book|last1=Davis|first1=Mike|last2=Phillips|first2=Ron|last3=York|first3=F. W.|title=Singapore Buses|date=2005|publisher=DTS Publishing|location=Croydon, UK|isbn=190051575X|volume=One, Part One: Singapore Bus Service – Early Single-Deck Buses and the First Double-Deckers}}
* {{cite book|last1=Davis|first1=Mike|last2=Phillips|first2=Ron|title=Singapore Buses|date=2005|publisher=DTS Publishing|location=Croydon, UK|isbn=1900515261|volume=One, Part Two: Singapore Bus Service – Double and Single-Deck Buses from the 1980s to 2005}}
* {{cite book|last1=Davis|first1=Mike|title=Singapore Buses|date=2012|publisher=DTS Publishing|location=Croydon, UK|isbn=9781900515276|volume=Two: Singapore Shuttle Bus and Trans-Island Bus Service}}
* {{cite book|last1=Fwa|first1=Tien Fang|title=50 Years of Transportation in Singapore: Achievements and Challenges|date=2016|publisher=World Scientific Publishing Company|location=Singapore|isbn=9789814651608}}
* {{cite book|last1=Teo|first1=Eisen|title=Jalan Singapura : 700 Years of Movement in Singapore|year=2019|location=Singapore|publisher=Marshall Cavendish|isbn=9789814828741}}
* {{cite book|last1=York|first1=F. W.|last2=Phillips|first2=A. R.|title=Singapore: A History of Its Trams Trolleybuses and Buses|date=1996|publisher=DTS Publishing|location=Croydon, UK|isbn=1900515008|volume=1: 1880's to 1960's}}
* {{cite book|last1=York|first1=F. W.|last2=Davis|first2=Mike|last3=Osborne|first3=Julian|title=Singapore: A History of Its Trams Trolleybuses and Buses|date=2009|publisher=DTS Publishing|location=Croydon, UK|isbn=9781900515016|volume=2: Buses and bus services 1970s and 1990s}}
{{refend}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Transport in Singapore}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20140228163555/http://app.mot.gov.sg/Default.aspx Ministry of Transport]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20100715074257/http://app.ptc.gov.sg/Index.aspx Public Transport Council]
* [http://www.lta.gov.sg/content/ltaweb/en.html Land Transport Authority]
* [http://www.transitlink.com.sg TransitLink]
* {{webarchive |url=http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20120418073212/http://www.publictransport.sg/content/publictransport/en/homepage.html |title=PublicTransport@SG |date=2012-04-18}}
{{Expressways of Singapore}}
{{Singapore topics}}
{{Asia topic|Transport in}}
{{Use Singapore English|date=July 2014}} {{Use dmy dates|date=July 2014}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Transport In Singapore}}
[[Category:Transport in Singapore| ]]