Editing Transport in Romania

{{Short description|none}} <!-- "none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive; see [[WP:SDNONE]] -->
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2022}}
{{Transport in Romania}}
{{Romania economy}}

Transportation infrastructure in [[Romania]] is the property of the state, and is administered by the [[Government of Romania#Ministries|Ministry of Transport and Infrastructure]], Constructions and Tourism, except when operated as a concession, in which case the concessions are made by the Ministry of Administration and Interior.<ref name="wb">{{Cite web |title=Romania |url=http://go.worldbank.org/FKXIRFFQH0 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080614140335/http://go.worldbank.org/FKXIRFFQH0 |archive-date=2008-06-14 |access-date=2009-11-23 |website=The World Bank}}</ref>

The country's most important waterway is the river [[Danube]]. The largest port is that of [[Constanța]], which is the second largest port in the [[Black Sea]].

With over 13 million passengers [[Bucharest Airport]] is a major international airport and European transportation hub. Air travel is used for greater distances within Romania but faces extreme competition from the state-owned [[Căile Ferate Române|CFR]]'s rail network. [[Public transport]] is available in most areas.

==History==
Romania has a system of large, navigable rivers, such as the [[Danube]], [[Olt River|Olt]] and [[Mureș River|Mureș]] that cross the country.

The first important human improvements were the [[Roman roads]] linking major settlements and providing quick passage for marching armies.

==Railway transport==
{{Main|Rail transport in Romania}}
[[Image:Railway map of Romania.png|thumb|right|400px|Map of Romania's railway system]]
A fast-growing number of Romania's major cities have modern tram or light rail networks, including [[Bucharest]], [[Timișoara]], [[Cluj-Napoca]] and [[Oradea]]. Recently the tram has seen a very big revival with many experiments such as [[ground level power supply]] in [[Oradea]].

==Roads and automotive transport==
[[Image:Romania-drumuri.svg|thumb|400px|right|Romania's road network]]
[[Image:Speed_Limit_in_Romania.png|thumb|400px|right|Speed Limits in Romania based on road type and vehicle category]]
{{Main|Roads in Romania}}

According to the [[CIA Factbook]], in 2022 Romania had a total road network of  85,387&nbsp;km, ranking 59 in the world.<ref name="cia">{{Cite web |title=Romania |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/romania/#transportation |access-date=20 October 2022 |website=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency |language=en}}</ref> 

Romania's [[National Institute of Statistics (Romania)|National Institute of Statistics]] (INS) 2022 transport report stated that total road network is 86,336 km: 41,653&nbsp;km (48,2%) modernized roads (94,1% with asphalt [[Road surface|pavements]] of heavy/medium type and 5.9% with [[Road surface#Concrete|concrete]]), 20,956 &nbsp;km (24.3%) with light [[Asphalt concrete|asphalt]] road clothing, 15,713&nbsp;km (18,2%) [[Pavers (flooring)|stone]] paving (such as [[Sett (paving)|sett paving]] or [[cobblestone]] roads) and  8,014 &nbsp;km (9,3%) [[dirt roads]].<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://insse.ro/cms/sites/default/files/field/publicatii/lungimea_cailor_de_transport_la_sfarsitul_anului_2022_1.pdf | title=Lungimea căilor de transport la sfârşitul anului 2022 | language=ro | trans-title=Length of transport routes at the end of 2022 | website=insse.ro}}</ref>

===Motorways===
{{main|Highways in Romania}}
Motorways are identified by A followed by a number. As of December 2024, Romania has 1,217.77&nbsp;km of highway completed with more under planning or construction. In recent years, a master plan for the national motorway network has been developed and approved by the European Commission in July 2015.

Currently the [[A1 motorway (Romania)|A1 motorway]], part of the northern branch of the Pan European IV Corridor, is open on 456&nbsp;km. Under construction are the segments [[Curtea de Argeș]]—[[Pitești]] (30&nbsp;km). [[Margina]]—[[Holdea]] (13&nbsp;km) and [[Boița]]—[[Curtea de Argeș]] (73&nbsp;km) have yet to start construction. It has a total length of 576&nbsp;km.

The [[A2 motorway (Romania)|A2 motorway]] was the first motorway in Romania opened on all its segments, with a length of 205&nbsp;km. It links Bucharest to [[Constanța]] (junction with A4)

The [[A3 motorway (Romania)|A3 motorway]], which is the largest motorway project in Eastern Europe with a length of 588&nbsp;km from [[Bucharest]] to [[Oradea]] (near the Hungarian border), is open on 173&nbsp;km. The segment [[Chețani]]—[[Câmpia Turzii]] (15.7&nbsp;km) is under construction. All segments between [[Nădășelu]] and Oradea have been tendered by the end of 2020. The remaining sections are still in the planned phase.

The [[A4 motorway (Romania)|A4 motorway]] is operational on 22&nbsp;km, from [[Ovidiu]] to [[Agigea]] (also known as the [[Constanța]] bypass). Another 45&nbsp;km are planned, from Agigea to [[Vama Veche]] (at the border with [[Bulgaria]]).

The [[A6 motorway (Romania)|A6 motorway]] is also part of the Pan European IV Corridor, but near [[Lugoj]] it starts as the southern branch, that connects the cities of [[Sofia]], [[Istanbul]] and [[Athens]]. It has a length of 270&nbsp;km, of which 11.4&nbsp;km between A1 and Lugoj bypass are open.

The [[A7 motorway (Romania)|A7 motorway]] starts from the A3 (near [[Ploiești]]), linking it to the region of Moldavia and further to the Ukrainian border. From its planned 450&nbsp;km, 16&nbsp;km are open near [[Bacău]], which serve as the bypass for that city.

The [[A10 motorway (Romania)|A10 motorway]] is the first motorway which links two motorways in Romania: A1 (near [[Sebeș]]) and A3 (near [[Turda]]). It has 70&nbsp;km, and since 2021, it has been operational on its entire length.

The [[A11 motorway (Romania)|A11 motorway]] is a 135&nbsp;km motorway, the second to connect A1 with A3 this time between [[Arad, Romania|Arad]] and Oradea, of which a 2.4&nbsp;km stretch near Arad called the Arad bypass is open.

===Statistics===
According to the Romanian "Direcţia Regim Permise de Conducere şi Înmatriculare a Vehiculelor", in 2017 there were 7,635,000 vehicles (of which 1,320,230 in Bucharest),<ref>{{Cite news |date=4 February 2018 |title=DRPCIV: Parcul auto naţional a crescut cu aproape 9% în 2017 şi a depăşit 7,63 de milioane de autovehicule |language=ro |work=Agerpres |url=https://www.agerpres.ro/economic-intern/2018/02/04/drpciv-parcul-auto-national-a-crescut-cu-aproape-9-in-2017-si-a-depasit-7-63-de-milioane-de-autovehicule--49032 |url-status=live |access-date=31 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180731123623/https://www.agerpres.ro/economic-intern/2018/02/04/drpciv-parcul-auto-national-a-crescut-cu-aproape-9-in-2017-si-a-depasit-7-63-de-milioane-de-autovehicule--49032 |archive-date=31 July 2018}}</ref> and 8,900,000 in 2019.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Gubandru |first=Cristian |date=12 January 2020 |title=Parcul auto din Romania va depasi 9 milioane de masini anul acesta |url=https://www.wall-street.ro/articol/Auto/248775/parcul-auto-din-romania-va-depasi-pragul-de-9-milioane-de-autovehicule-anul-acesta.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128054124/https://www.wall-street.ro/articol/Auto/248775/parcul-auto-din-romania-va-depasi-pragul-de-9-milioane-de-autovehicule-anul-acesta.html |archive-date=28 January 2021 |access-date=9 September 2020 |website=Wall-Street |language=ro}}</ref> It is estimated that by 2021 there will be more than 10 million registered cars in Romania.<ref name=":0" />

In 2016 62% of road fatalities occurred in urban area,<ref name="ReferenceA">European Commission, Traffic Safety Basic Facts on Urban Areas, European Commission, Directorate General for Transport, June 2018</ref> Romania has 1189 fatalities in urban area, that is 60 killed in urban area per million inhabitants, or  {{#expr:60/19 round 1}} times more than EU average of 19. This makes Romania the EU member state with the most fatalities per million population, {{#expr:(60/42)*100-100 round 1}}% more fatalities than the second country, Hungary.<ref name="ReferenceA"/>

==Metro==
{{Main|Bucharest Metro}}
[[File:Bucharest_Metro_stationed_in_Eroilor_2_Station.jpg|thumb|[[Bucharest Metro]] has [[List of Bucharest metro stations|64 stations]]]]
Bucharest is the only city in Romania which has an [[rapid transit|underground]] railway system, comprising both the [[Bucharest Metro]] and the [[Bucharest Light rail]] system of the [[Regia Autonomă de Transport București]]. 

The Bucharest Metro forms the backbone of [[Transport in Bucharest|Bucharest public transport network]]. Bucharest has a fairly extensive subway system consisting of five lines ([[M1 Line (Bucharest Metro)|M1]], [[M2 Line|M2]], [[M3 Line|M3]], [[Bucharest Metro Line M4|M4]], and [[Bucharest Metro Line M5|M5]]) run by [[Metrorex]]. In total, the network is {{convert|80.1|km|mi|1|abbr=on}} long and has 64 stations,<ref>{{Cite web|title = METROREX|url = http://www.metrorex.ro/network_features_p779-2|website = www.metrorex.ro|access-date = 2015-07-21}}</ref> with {{convert|1.5|km|mi|1|abbr=on}} average distance between stops. It is one of the fastest ways to get around the city. The oldest metro line is M1, which was opened in 1979.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://clubferoviar.ro/ziua-metroului/ | title=16 noiembrie, Ziua Metroului. Ce amintiri au Octavian Udriște și alți foști directori | date=16 November 2020 }}</ref> The newest metro line is M5, which was opened in 2020.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://metroulbucuresti.com/linia-m5/ | title=Linia M5 Râul Doamnei - Eroilor }}</ref> A sixth metro line, [[Bucharest Metro Line M6|M6]] line, is currently under construction.

As of 2024, Bucharest Metro is the only metro system in Romania; with a second one, the [[Cluj-Napoca Metro]], being under construction.

==Air transport==
{{Main|Aviation in Romania}}
The air traffic in Romania reached 20.28 million passengers in 2017<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ghira |first=Andrada |date=3 February 2018 |title=Record pentru aeroporturile din România în 2017: peste 20 de milioane de pasageri transportaţi |url=http://www.economica.net/record-pentru-aeroporturile-din-romania-in-2017-peste-20-de-milioane-de-pasageri-transportati_149516.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180805203047/http://www.economica.net/record-pentru-aeroporturile-din-romania-in-2017-peste-20-de-milioane-de-pasageri-transportati_149516.html |archive-date=5 August 2018 |access-date=5 August 2018 |website=Economica.net |language=ro}}</ref> and 21 million passengers in 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Romania: Airlines by number of passengers 2022 |url=https://www.statista.com/statistics/1398355/romania-airlines-by-number-of-passengers/ |access-date=2023-11-27 |website=Statista |language=en}}</ref>

The national carrier of Romania is [[TAROM]], the largest Romanian airline is [[Blue Air]] while [[Wizz Air]] has the largest share of Romania's air transport market.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Casey |first=David |date=16 June 2020 |title=Wizz Air to Open Seventh Romanian Base |url=https://www.routesonline.com/news/29/breaking-news/291859/wizz-air-to-open-seventh-romanian-base/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200928095958/https://www.routesonline.com/news/29/breaking-news/291859/wizz-air-to-open-seventh-romanian-base/ |archive-date=28 September 2020 |access-date=9 September 2020 |website=Routes Online}}</ref>

===Airports===
There are 20 airports in Romania (estimated as of 2006).

*'''Airports - with paved [[runway]]s :''' 25
**''Runways over 3,047 m:'' 5
**''Runways from 2,438 to 3,047 m:'' 8
**''Runways from 1,524 to 2,437 m:'' 12
*'''Airports - with unpaved runways :''' 36
**''Runways from 1,524 to 2,437 m:'' 2
**''Runways from 914 to 1,523 m:'' 11
**''Runways under 914 m:'' 23
*'''[[Heliport]]s''' 1 (2006)

:''see: [[List of airlines of Romania]] and [[List of airports in Romania]]''

==Water transport ==

Romanian companies operate over 700 ships of which 400 are registered in Romania. Romania's 110 shipping firms employ 12,500 personnel at sea and 15,500 on shore. Each year, 105 million tonnes of goods and 1 million passengers are transported by sea. Marine transport is responsible for 52% of Romania's imports and exports.

===Ports===
{{Main|List of ports in Romania}}
{{See also|Romanian river ports}}

* With terminals:
**[[Port of Constanța]] (the largest port and shipyard in the [[Black Sea]] and one of the busiest ports in Europe)
**[[Port of Galați]] (on the [[Danube]])
**[[Brăila]] (on the Danube)
**[[Tulcea]] (on the Danube)
* Other Black Sea ports:
**[[Mangalia]]
**[[Sulina]]
**[[Năvodari]]
* Other ports on the Danube:
**[[Giurgiu]]
**[[Drobeta-Turnu Severin]]
**[[Oltenița]]
* Ports on the [[Danube-Black Sea Canal]]:
**[[Cernavodă]]
**[[Poarta Albă]]
**[[Constanța Sud]]
**[[Agigea]]

===Waterways===
As of 2006, there are 1,731&nbsp;km of navigable waterways of which:
* 1,075&nbsp;km on Danube River
* 524&nbsp;km on secondary branches
* 132&nbsp;km on canals

In 2004, according to europaworld.com, 19 million passenger-km and 4 billion ton-km were carried through these waterways.

===Merchant fleet===
The [[merchant marine]] has seen a dramatic drop in capacity during the first decade of the 21st century:
* from 142 ships ({{GT|1,000|metric|disp=long}} or over) totaling {{GT|1,154,127|metric}}/{{DWT|1,612,314|metric|disp=long}} 1999
* to 19 ships ({{GT|1000|metric}} or over) {{GT|146,307|metric}}/{{DWT|165,548}} in 2007.

These include: 13 [[cargo ship]]s, 1 [[passenger ship]], 2 passenger/cargo ships, 2 [[oil tanker|petroleum tankers]], 1 [[roll-on/roll-off]].

50 other ships are registered in other countries: [[Cambodia]] 1, [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]] 15, [[North Korea]] 6, [[Malta]] 10, [[Marshall Islands]] 1, [[Panama]] 8, [[Sierra Leone]] 2, [[Saint Kitts and Nevis]] 1, [[Saint Vincent and the Grenadines]] 1, [[Syria]] 4, [[Tuvalu]] 1, unknown 4.

===International sea-borne freight traffic===
* Goods loaded: 18.2 million tons
* Goods unloaded: 22.3 million tons (2004)

==Pipelines==
*'''Oil:''' 2,427&nbsp;km
*'''Natural gas:''' 3,508&nbsp;km (2006)

==See also==
{{Portal|Romania|European Union}}
*[[List of airports in Romania]]
*[[Automotive industry in Romania]]
*[[License plates in Romania]]
*[[Highways in Romania]]
*[[Plug-in electric vehicles in Romania]]
*[[Tourism in Romania]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Transport in Romania}}
* [http://www.evz.ro/articole/detalii-articol/810267/Autostrazi-ca-in-Ungaria-peste-zece-ani// Prediction of Romanian infrastructure].
* [http://www.infofer.ro// Trains Timetable of Romania]
* [http://www.autogari.ro// Bus Timetable of Romania]
* [http://www.otp-airport.ro// Bucharest Airport Henri Coandă]
* [http://www.airportcluj.ro// Cluj-Napoca International Airport]
* [http://www.aerotim.ro// Timișoara Airport Traian Vuia]
* [http://en.transporturiinromania.ro// Luxury Taxi Transportation]
* [http://www.airporttransfers.ro// Airport transfers in Romania]

{{Romanian topics}}
{{Economy of Romania}}
{{Transportation in Romania}}
{{Transportation in Europe}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Transport In Romania}}
[[Category:Transport in Romania| ]]