Editing Transport in North Macedonia

{{Short description|none}} <!-- "none" is preferred when the title is sufficiently descriptive; see [[WP:SDNONE]] -->
The following is a summary of the '''transport system of [[Republic of North Macedonia|the Republic of North Macedonia]]'''.

==Railways==
{{main|Makedonski Železnici}}

<br>''total:''
{{convert|925|km|mi|abbr=on}}
(699&nbsp;km (437 miles) of open track and {{convert|225|km|mi|abbr=on}} of station/industrial track)<ref>[http://mz.com.mk/Uploads/Objava_na_mreza_za_2009.pdf  Objava na Mreza]. [[Macedonian Railways]]</ref>
<br>''standard gauge:''
{{convert|925|km|mi|abbr=on}} 1.435-m gauge (312&nbsp;km electrified, all 25 kV 50&nbsp;Hz)
<br>''note:''
a new {{convert|56|km|mi|abbr=on}} extension of the [[Kumanovo]]-[[Beljakovci]] line to the Bulgarian border is under construction.<ref>{{cite journal | journal=[[Railway Gazette International]] | date=April 2006 | url=http://www.railwaygazette.com/news/single-view/view//world-bank-funds-mz-split.html | title=World Bank funds MZ split | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120527223635/http://www.railwaygazette.com/news/single-view/view/world-bank-funds-mz-split.html | archive-date=2012-05-27 }}</ref>

Restructuring of national railway MZ into infrastructure and operating companies completed in July 2007.<ref>{{cite journal | journal=[[Railway Gazette International]] | date=July 2007 | url=http://www.railwaygazette.com/news/single-view/view//intelligence-july-2007.html | title=Intelligence | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120414234726/http://www.railwaygazette.com/news/single-view/view/intelligence-july-2007.html | archive-date=2012-04-14 }}</ref>

===Railway links with adjacent countries===
* {{flagicon|Serbia}} [[Transport in Serbia|Serbia]] - yes
* {{flagicon|Kosovo}} [[Transport in Kosovo|Kosovo]] - yes
* {{flagicon|Bulgaria}} [[Transport in Bulgaria|Bulgaria]] - no
* {{flagicon|Greece}} [[Transport in Greece|Greece]] - yes
* {{flagicon|Albania}} [[Transport in Albania|Albania]] - no

===Maps===
* [https://www.un.org/Depts/Cartographic/map/profile/macedonia.pdf UN Map]
* [http://www.unhcr.org/publ/PUBL/441688280.pdf UNHCR Atlas Map]

==Roads==
[[Image:E75 Macedonia Motorway M-1.jpg|right|thumb|200px|A1 near [[Stobi]]]]
[[Image:Road toll Skopje.jpg|right|thumb|200px|A4 road toll near [[Skopje airport]]]]
[[Image:Road M4 in MK (border crossing).JPG|right|thumb|200px|A2 near border crossing in [[Kjafasan]]]]
[[Image:Macedonian national road M-5.jpg|right|thumb|200px|A3 near [[Resen (town)|Resen]]]]

<br>
{{convert|14,410|km|mi|abbr=on}} ''total'' (2021)<br/>
335&nbsp;km of motorways (2021)

===Motorways===
{{main|Motorways in North Macedonia}}

'''[[A1 motorway (North Macedonia)|A-1]]'''<br />
[[Tabanovce]] - [[Kumanovo]] - [[Miladinovci]] - [[Petrovec, North Macedonia|Petrovec]] - [[Veles (city)|Veles]] - [[Gradsko, Republic of North Macedonia|Gradsko]] - [[Negotino]] - [[Demir Kapija]] - [[Gevgelija]]

'''[[A2 motorway (North Macedonia)|A-2]]'''<br />
[[Deve Bair]] - [[Kriva Palanka]] - [[Kumanovo]] - [[Skopje]] - [[Tetovo]] - [[Gostivar]] - [[Kičevo]] - [[Struga]] - [[Qafë Thanë]]

'''[[A3 motorway (North Macedonia)|A-3]]'''<br />
[[Ohrid]] - [[Resen (town)|Resen]] - [[Bitola]] - [[Prilep]] - [[Veles (city)|Veles]] - [[Štip]] - [[Kočani]] - [[Delčevo]]<br />
('''M-5K1''' [[Bitola]] - [[Medžitlija]])

'''[[A4 motorway (North Macedonia)|A-4]]'''<br />
[[Blace, Čučer-Sandevo|Blace]] - [[Skopje]] - [[Petrovec, North Macedonia|Petrovec]] - [[Miladinovci]] - [[Sveti Nikole]] - [[Štip]] - [[Radoviš]] - [[Strumica]] - [[Novo Selo (Novo Selo)|Novo Selo]]

The first motorway in the country was the Kumanovo-Petrovec section of the A-1, opened for traffic in 1979 as part of the [[Brotherhood and Unity Highway]] which linked Central Europe to Athens.

In 2025 the country had {{convert|335|km|mi|sp=us}} of [[motorway]]s, with additional 167km under construction <ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.stat.gov.mk/PrikaziPublikacija_1_en.aspx?rbr=862 | title=State Statistical Office - Publication: Statistical Yearbook of Republic of North Macedonia }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Bechtel to Build Two Motorways in North Macedonia {{!}} Bechtel |url=https://www.bechtel.com/newsroom/press-releases/bechtel-selected-to-build-two-new-motorways-in-north-macedonia/ |access-date=2025-02-22 |website=www.bechtel.com |language=en-US}}</ref>

===E-roads===

The [[International E-road network|E-road]] network in North Macedonia consists of:<br />
[[European route E65|E65]]<br />
[[European route E75|E75]]<br />
[[European route E852|E852]]<br />
[[European route E871|E871]]

===Road rules===
[[File:Galičica-P504-P1100719.JPG|thumb|Regional Road P504, descending from the [[Galičica]] Mts to [[Lake Ohrid]]]]
The [[traffic sign]]s adhere to the [[Vienna Convention on Road Signs and Signals]].

Lights must be on all the time, seatbelts are mandatory for passengers in the front and drivers are forbidden to speak on a mobile phone while driving.

The general [[speed limit]]s are:
* in inhabited areas {{Convert|50|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}
* outside of inhabited areas {{Convert|90|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}
* on expressways {{Convert|110|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}
* on motorways {{Convert|130|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}

==Waterways==
None.
Lake transport (tourist and recreational boats) only, on the Greek and Albanian borders.

==Pipelines==
[[Petroleum|Oil]] {{convert|120|km|mi|abbr=on}} (2004) <br/>
[[Natural gas|Gas]] {{convert|268|km|mi|abbr=on}} (2004)

==Ports and harbours==
North Macedonia has no sea access.
There are marinas for mostly recreational traffic on [[Ohrid Lake]] and other natural and artificial lakes.

==Air transport==

Air transport in North Macedonia began after the end of the [[First World War]], when [[airmail]] traffic route was created between [[Novi Sad]]–[[Belgrade]]–[[Niš]]–[[Skoplje]].<ref name="History1">{{cite web|url=http://www.beg.aero/code/navigate.php?Id=111 |author=Belgrade Nikola Tesla Airport |title=History: International Belgrade Airport (1927) |access-date=24 July 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071005035154/http://www.beg.aero/code/navigate.php?Id=111 |archive-date=5 October 2007 |df=dmy }}</ref> Later, the Yugoslav flag carrier [[Aeroput]] inaugurated in 1930 a regular scheduled flight between Belgrade and [[Thessaloniki]] with a stop in Skopje airfield. Later, in 1933, Aeroput extended the route to Athens, while in 1935 Skopje was linked to [[Niš]], [[Bitola]], and [[Podujevo]] in 1936.<ref>[http://www.europeanairlines.no/drustvo-za-vazdusni-saobracaj-a-d-aeroput-1927-1948/ Drustvo za Vazdusni Saobracaj A D – Aeroput] at europeanairlines.no</ref>

After the end of Second World War, passenger and cargo air transport reestablished, Aeroput was rebranded as [[JAT Airways|JAT Yugoslav Airlines]], and routes linking Belgrade, through Skopje, to [[Athens]] and [[Istanbul]], using a [[Douglas DC-3]], were inaugurated. During SFRY period JAT linked Skopje with Belgrade and other domestic destinations, but through Belgrade passengers from Skopje were able to catch connecting flights to all five continents. In the 1980s the Skopje airport was majorly expanded, and by late 1980s and early 1990s several companies with hub in Skopje were created, such as [[Palair]], [[Avioimpex]], Air Vardar, and others. After independence of North Macedonia, most became flag carriers of the newly independent country.

Beside Skopje, in North Macedonia, during second half of the 20th century, Ohrid airport was also developed, starting with the opening of regular scheduled flights between Belgrade–Skopje–Ohrid during the 1960s. Until 1990 charted flights were also inaugurated linking Ohrid with international destinations.

As of 2024, the country has no active air transport companies; the international airports of [[Skopje International Airport|Skopje]] and [[Ohrid Airport|Ohrid]] are served by foreign airlines.

===Airports===

[[File:Skopje Airport - View of the main entrance by night (2018).jpg|thumbnail|right|[[Skopje International Airport]]]]
17 (2002 est.)

====Airports - with paved runways====
<br>''total:''
11
<br>8,000 to 9,999&nbsp;ft:
2
<br>under 3,000&nbsp;ft:
8 (2000 est.)

====Airports - with unpaved runways====
<br>''total:''
6
<br>3,000 to 4,999&nbsp;ft:
3
<br>under 3,000&nbsp;ft:
3 (2000 est.)

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{North Macedonia topics}}
{{Transportation in Europe}}

{{commons category|Transport in North Macedonia}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Transport In The Republic Of North Macedonia}}
[[Category:Transport in North Macedonia| ]]