Editing Transport in Mozambique

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[[Image:Mz-map.png|right|150px]]

Modes of [[transport]] in [[Mozambique]] include [[rail transport|rail]], [[road transport|road]], [[water transport|water]], and [[air transport|air]]. There are rail links serving principal cities and connecting the country with [[Malawi]], [[Zimbabwe]] and [[South Africa]]. There are over 30,000 km of roads, but much of the network is unpaved. 

On the [[Indian Ocean]] coast are several large [[seaport]]s, including [[Nacala]], [[Beira (Mozambique)|Beira]] and [[Maputo]], with further ports being developed. There are 3,750 km of [[Navigability|navigable]] inland waterways. There is an  international [[airport]] at [[Maputo International Airport|Maputo]], 21 other paved airports, and over 100 with unpaved runways.

== Railways ==
[[File:Railways in Mozambique.svg|thumb|Railway network of Mozambique]]
[[File:Steam locomotive Inhambane.jpg|thumb|left|Steam locomotive at Inhambane, 2009]]
{{main|Mozambique Ports and Railways}}

The Mozambican railway system developed over more than a century from three different ports on the [[Indian Ocean]] that serve as terminals for separate lines to the hinterland.  The railroads were major targets during the [[Mozambican Civil War]], were sabotaged by [[RENAMO]], and are being rehabilitated. A [[parastatal]] authority, ''Portos e Caminhos de Ferro de Moçambique'' (abbreviated CFM; in English [[Mozambique Ports and Railways]]), oversees the railway system of [[Mozambique]] and its connected ports, but management has been largely outsourced.  Each line has its own development corridor.

{{As of|2005}} there are 3,123&nbsp;km of railway track, consisting of 2,983&nbsp;km of {{RailGauge|1067mm}} gauge, compatible with neighboring rail systems, and a 140&nbsp;km line of {{RailGauge|762mm}} gauge, the [[Gaza Railway]].<ref>[https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/mozambique/ CIA factbook]</ref> The central [[Beira-Bulawayo railway]] and [[Sena railway]] route links the [[port of Beira]] to the landlocked countries of Malawi, Zambia and Zimbabwe. To the north of this the [[port of Nacala]] is also linked by [[Nacala railway|Nacala rail]] to Malawi, and to the south the [[port of Maputo]] is connected by the [[Limpopo railway|Limpopo rail]], the [[Goba railway|Goba rail]] and  the [[Ressano Garcia railway|Ressano Garcia rail]] to Zimbabwe, Eswatini and South Africa.. These networks interconnect only via neighbouring countries. A new route for coal haulage between [[Tete, Mozambique|Tete]] and [[Beira, Mozambique|Beira]] was planned to come into service by 2010,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200807010992.html|title=Mozambique: Australian Company Plans New Coal Mine in Tete By 2010|publisher=Allafrica.com|access-date=24 December 2014}}</ref> and in August 2010, Mozambique and [[Botswana]] signed a memorandum of understanding to develop a 1,100&nbsp;km railway through Zimbabwe, to carry coal from [[Serule]] in Botswana to a deepwater port at [[Techobanine]] Point in Mozambique.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.railwaygazette.com/nc/news/single-view/view/pointers-september-2010.html|access-date=2010-09-10|title=Railway Gazette: Pointers September 2010}}</ref>

Newer rolling stock has been supplied by the Indian [[Golden Rock Railway Workshop|Golden Rock]] and [[Banaras Locomotive Works|BLW, Varanasi]] workshop<ref>''[[Railway Gazette International]]'', August 2008, p.483</ref> using Centre Buffer Couplers ([[AAR coupler]]s)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/2008/06/23/stories/2008062350501700.htm|title=Golden Rock workshop exports locos to Mozambique|work=The Hindu Business Line|access-date=24 December 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101206072435/http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/2008/06/23/stories/2008062350501700.htm|archive-date=6 December 2010}}</ref> and [[Railway air brake|air brakes]].

=== Towns served by railways ===
{{main|Railway stations in Mozambique}}

== Roads and highways ==
[[File:Caia bridge.JPG|thumb|Construction works for the Armando Guebuza Bridge, Mozambique (2008)]]
[[File:Mozambique 142.jpg|thumb|Road N1 (2010)]]
Mozambique's inter-city roads are classified as a national or primary road (''estrada nacional'' or ''estrada primária''), or as regional – secondary or tertiary – roads (''estradas secundárias'' and ''estradas terciáreas''). National roads are given the prefix "N" or "EN" followed by a one- or two-digit number. The numbers generally increase from the south of the country to the north. Regional roads are given the prefix "R", followed by a three-digit number.<ref>"Road numbering systems: Mozambique". Accessed 9 April 2020. https://sites.google.com/site/roadnumberingsystems/home/countries/mozambique</ref>

In 2008 the total length of Mozambique's road network was 32,500 km. The primary and secondary road networks were less than 5000 km each. The tertiary network was 12,700 km. Unclassified or local roads (''estradas vicinais'') were estimated at 6,700 km, and urban roads at 3,300 km.<ref>
Dominguez-Torres, Carolina, and Cecilia Briceño-Garmendia (2011). ''Mozambique’s Infrastructure: A Continental Perspective''. The World Bank, June 2011. https://ppiaf.org/documents/3152/download</ref>

The national highway network includes 14 routes:
* '''N1 (EN1)'''. [[Maputo]] – [[Xai-Xai]] – N5 junction – [[Maxixe, Mozambique|Maxixe]] – [[Inchope]] (N6 junction) – [[Gorongosa]] – [[Caia, Mozambique|Caia]] – N10 junction – [[Mocuba]] (N11 junction) – [[Nampula]] (N13 junction) – [[Mocuba]] (N11 junction) – [[Namialo]] (N12 junction) – [[Pemba, Mozambique|Pemba]]
* '''N2 (EN2)'''. [[Maputo]] – [[Matola]] – N3 junction – [[Namaacha]] border post (to [[eSwatini]])
* '''N3 (EN3)'''. N2 junction – [[Goba, Mozambique|Goba]] border post (to [[eSwatini]])
* '''N4 (EN4)'''. [[Maputo]] – [[Komatipoort]] border post (to [[South Africa]])
* '''N5 (EN5)'''. N1 junction – [[Inhambane]]
* '''N6 (EN6)'''. [[Beira, Mozambique|Beira]] – Inchope (N1 junction) – [[Chimoio]] – N7 junction – [[Manica, Mozambique|Manica]] – [[Machipanda]] border post (to [[Zimbabwe]]). The N6 Highway is part of the [[Beira–Lobito Highway]], Highway 9 in the [[Trans-African Highway network]].
* '''N7 (EN7)'''. N6 junction – [[Catandica]] – [[Changara District]] (N8 junction) – [[Tete, Mozambique|Tete]] (N9 junction) – [[Zobue]] border post (to [[Malawi]])
* '''N8 (EN8)'''. Changara District (N7 junction) – [[Nyamapanda]] border post (to Zimbabwe)
* '''N9 (EN9)'''. Tete (N6 junction) – [[Chimefusa]] border post (to Zambia)
* '''N10 (EN10)'''. N1 junction – [[Quelimane]]
* '''N11 (EN11)'''. [[Mocuba]] (N1 junction) – [[Milange]] border post (to Malawi)
* '''N12 (EN12)'''. [[Namialo]] (N1 junction) – [[Monapo]] – [[Nacala]]
* '''N13 (EN13)'''. [[Nampula]] (N1 junction) – [[Ribaue]] – [[Cuamba]] – [[Mandimba]] border post (to Malawi) – [[Lichinga]] (N14 junction)
* '''N14 (EN14)'''. [[Metoro]] (N1 junction) – [[Montepuez]] – [[Cassembe, Mozambique|Cassembe]] – [[Lichinga]] (N13 junction)

[[File:Mozambique 122.jpg|thumb|right|Petrol station in [[Gaza Province]].]]

== Waterways ==
{{Expand section|date=December 2016}}
There are 3,750&nbsp;km of navigable waterways.

==Sea transport==

=== Ports and harbours ===
Seaports on the [[Indian Ocean]] coast include:
* [[Port of Beira|Beira]] - [[railhead]] for [[Zimbabwe]] (via the [[Beira-Bulawayo railway]]) and [[Malawi]] (via the [[Sena railway]])
* [[Inhambane]]
* [[Port of Maputo|Maputo]] - [[railhead]] for South Africa (via the [[Pretoria-Maputo railway]]), [[Eswatini]] (via the [[Goba railway]]) and Zimbabwe (via the [[Limpopo railway]])
* [[Port of Nacala|Nacala]] - a [[deepwater port]] and a [[railhead]] for Malawi (via the [[Nacala railway]]).
* [[Pemba, Mozambique|Pemba]]
* [[Quelimane]]
* [[Matutuine]], a new coal port in the far south, approved October 2009.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.railwaysafrica.com/2009/05/new-mozambique-port-gets-approval/|title=New Mozambique port gets approval|work=Railways Africa|access-date=24 December 2014}}</ref>

=== Merchant marine ===
{{As of|2002}} the [[merchant marine]] fleet consisted of three cargo ships of 1,000 gt or over, totaling 4,125 gt/{{DWT|7,024|metric|disp=long}}. Two of these were Belgian-owned ships registered in Mozambique as a [[flag of convenience]].

== Airports ==
{{As of|2006}} there were 158 airports in total, 22 of them having paved runways. The main airport in the country is [[Maputo International Airport]], which is also the hub of Mozambique's flag carrier, [[LAM Mozambique Airlines]].

==References==
{{commons category}}
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
===Rail network maps===
* [https://www.un.org/Depts/Cartographic/map/profile/mozambiq.pdf UN Map]
* [http://www.rrdc.com/images/map_cear_cdn_new.jpg Map Port Nacala railhead]
* [http://www.sararail.org/site/pdf/The%20Southern%20African%20Railways%20Experience.pdf Southern Africa]
* [http://www.demining.com/hmc/mozambique.html Sena Railway]

{{Economy of Mozambique}}
{{Africa in topic|Transport in}}
{{Mozambique topics}}

{{CIA World Factbook}}

[[Category:Transport in Mozambique| ]]