Editing Transport in Greece

{{Short description|Economy of Greece}}
{{no footnotes|date=January 2013}}
{{Economy of Greece}}
[[File:Athen Metro Kifisia.jpg|thumb|right|[[Athens Metro Line 1|Metro Line 1]], the oldest Metro line of Athens Urban area]]

'''Transport in [[Greece]]''' has undergone significant changes in the past two decades, vastly modernizing the country's infrastructure and transportation. Although ferry transport between islands remains the prominent method of transport between the nation's islands, improvements to the road infrastructure, rail, urban transport, and airports have all led to a vast improvement in transportation. These upgrades have played a key role in supporting Greece's economy, which in the past decade has come to rely heavily on the construction industry.

==Cable transport==
[[File:Attica 06-13 Athens 48 Lycabettus railway car.jpg|thumb|alt=Lycabettus railway car|Lycabettus railway car]]
[[File:Cable car of Santorini.jpg|thumb|alt=Cable car of Santorini|Cable car of Santorini]]
*[[Lycabettus Funicular]]
*[[Parnitha Funitel]]
*[[Santorini cable car]]

==Rail transport==
{{Main|Rail transport in Greece}}

===Railways===

*total: {{convert|2,571|km|mi|abbr=on}}, ({{convert|764|km|mi|abbr=on|disp=or}} are, or will be, [[Railway electrification system|electrified]]) 
*[[standard gauge]]: {{convert|1,565|km|mi|abbr=on}} {{Track gauge|1435mm|lk=on}} gauge 
*[[narrow gauge]]: {{convert|961|km|mi|abbr=on}} {{Track gauge|1000mm|lk=on}} gauge; {{convert|22|km|mi|abbr=on}} {{Track gauge|750mm|lk=on}} gauge 
*[[dual gauge]]: {{convert|23|km|mi|abbr=on}} combined {{Track gauge|1435mm}} and {{Track gauge|1000mm}} gauges (three rail system) (2004)
The state-owned company that owns and maintains Greece's railway network is [[Hellenic Railways Organisation|OSE]], Gaiose also a state-owned company owns and maintains railway stations, while [[Hellenic Train]] is the company responsible for operating all passenger trains and the most freight trains.

===Metro===
[[File:AMEL 1st Generation Stock C21 at Syngrou-Fix Station.jpg|right|thumb|Athens Metro Train (1st Generation)]]

Cities with a [[rapid transit]] railway network:
*[[Athens Metro]] (3 lines) (another one under construction)
*[[Thessaloniki Metro]] (2 lines) (Extension)

===Commuter rail===
{{Main|Proastiakos}}
[[File:20070606-Piraeus-Desiro GTW.jpg|right|thumb|[[Proastiakos]] commuter rail]]

Cities with a [[commuter rail]] network ([[Proastiakos]]):
*[[Proastiakos|Athens]] (4 lines)
*[[Proastiakos|Thessaloniki]] (3 lines)
*[[Proastiakos|Patras]] (2 lines)

===Tram===
[[File:Athens tram Syntagma.JPG|thumb|[[Athens Tram]]]]
*[[Athens Tram]]
*[[List of town tramway systems in Greece]]

==Road transport==
===Highways===
{{Main|Highways in Greece}}
{{Multiple image|perrow = 3|total_width = 600
|image1=A2 Motorway, Greece - Section Ioannina-Driskos - Driskos-Tunnel, southern entry - 03.jpg
|caption1=[[A2 motorway (Greece)|A2 motorway]] (Egnatia Odos)
|image2=MoreasMotorway.JPG
|caption2=Moreas Motorway.
|image3=Attiki-odos1.jpg
|caption3=[[Attiki Odos]], near the [[Athens International Airport]]
}}

*As of 2017, Greece has 2500&nbsp;km of [[motorways]].

Roads:
*total: 117,000&nbsp;km
*paved: 107,406&nbsp;km
*unpaved: 9,594&nbsp;km (1996 est.)
*over 2500 tunnels (est.)

===Bus transport===
====Urban bus transport====
[[File:20090412-Piraeus-FIAT-704.JPG|thumb|Preserved vintage trolleybus of O.SY., Piraeus-Kastella line]]

*OSY subsidiary of [[Transport for Athens]] (OASA) organizes mass bus (Busses and trolleybuses) transit in [[Athens]].
*[[OASTH]] organizes mass bus transit in [[Thessaloniki]].
*Companies named ''Astiko KTEL'' provide mass bus transit in many of the other cities of [[Greece]].

====Intercity and regional bus transport====
{{Main|KTEL (Greece)}}
[[KTEL (Greece)|KTEL]] is the common name for every company which is responsible for intercity and regional bus transit. Most of the regional units, though, have their own regional network of buses, and have their regional unit names labeled on KTEL vehicles that operate there. (e.g. KTEL [[Argolis|Argolidas]]).

There are 4 major bus terminals in Greece, the biggest is in Thessaloniki ([[Thessaloniki Bus Station|Macedonia Inter city bus terminal]]) which serves all of Greece while Athens has 2 separate bus terminals serving different parts of Greece ([[Athens Kifissos Bus Terminal|Kifissos bus terminal]] and [[Athens Liosion Bus Station|Liossion bus terminal]]). A new Athens bus terminal in [[Elaionas]] will replace the two separate terminals and serve all of Greece with completion by 2026. A new bus terminal in Patras which will replace the old one is currently under construction in [[Agios Dionyssios, Patras|Agios Dionyssios]] just 200m from the current one and it will open in late 2024 after many delays due to [[COVID-19 pandemic]] and the [[2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine]].

==Water transport==
===Waterways===
[[File:Le port de Patras en août 2009 - 3.jpg|thumb|View of the port of Patras]]

The 80&nbsp;km system consists of three coastal canals including the [[Corinth Canal]] (6&nbsp;km) and three unconnected rivers.

The Corinth Canal crosses the [[Isthmus of Corinth]], connecting the [[Gulf of Corinth]] with the [[Saronic Gulf]]; and shortens the sea voyage from the [[Adriatic]] to [[Athens]] port of [[Piraeus]] by 325&nbsp;km.

===Ports and harbours===
{{main|List of ports in Greece}}

*[[Alexandroupoli]]
*[[Argostoli]]
*[[Elefsina]]
*[[Ermoupolis]]
*[[Heraklion]], [[Crete]]
*[[Kalamata]]
*[[Kavala]]
*[[Kerkyra]]
*[[Kos]]
*[[Chalkis]]
*[[Igoumenitsa]]
*[[Lavrio]]
*[[Patras]]
*[[Port of Piraeus|Piraeus]]
*[[Port of Thessaloniki]]
*[[Volos]]
*[[Katakolo]]
*[[Mykonos]]
*[[Mytilene]]
*[[Rhodes (city)]]
*[[Souda]]
*[[Syros]]

===Merchant marine===
*total: 3,338 ships (with a volume of {{GT|1,000|disp=long}} or over) totaling {{GT|109,377,819}}/{{DWT|182,540,868|metric|disp=long}}[http://www.nee.gr/htm/greekowned.htm]
*ships by type  (1999 est.)
:*[[bulk carrier]]: 273
:*[[cargo ship]]: 60
:*[[chemical tanker]]: 22
:*combination bulk: 5
:*combination ore/oil: 8
:*[[container ship]]: 43
:*[[LNG carrier|Liquified Gas Carrier]]: 5
:*multi-functional large load carrier: 1
:*[[passenger ship]]: 12
:*passenger/cargo: 2
:*[[oil tanker|petroleum tanker]]: 245
:*refrigerated cargo: 3
:*[[roll-on/roll-off ship]]: 19
:*short-sea passenger: 75
:*specialized tanker: 4
:*vehicle carrier: 2

==Airports==
{{main|List of airports in Greece}}
[[File:Thessaloniki International Airport.JPG|thumb|[[Thessaloniki International Airport]]]]

*total: 82 (2005)
*With paved runways: 67
:*over 3,047 m: 5 
:*2,438–3,047 m: 16 
:*1,524–2,437 m: 19 
:*914–1,523 m: 17 
:*under 914 m: 10 (2005)
*With unpaved runways: 15
:*914 to 1,523 m: 3
:*under 914 m: 12 (2005)
*heliports: 8 (2005)

==Pipelines==
*crude oil: 26&nbsp;km
*petroleum products: 547&nbsp;km

==Major construction projects==
===Completed projects===
====Motorways====
{{Div col}}
*[[A1 motorway (Greece)|A1 motorway]] (PAThE): ''550 km (340 mi)''
*[[A11 motorway (Greece)|A11 motorway]]
*[[A2 motorway (Greece)|A2 motorway]] (Egnatia Odos): ''670 km (420 mi)''
*[[A24 motorway (Greece)|A24 motorway]]
*[[A25 motorway (Greece)|A25 motorway]]
*[[A27 motorway (Greece)|A27 motorway]] (partially complete)
*[[A29 motorway (Greece)|A29 motorway]]: ''77 km (48 mi)''
*[[A3 motorway (Greece)|A3 motorway]] (Central Greece Motorway, part of the [[European route E65|E65]], partially complete)
*[[A5 motorway (Greece)|A5 motorway]] (Ionia Odos, partially complete): ''196 km (122 mi)''
**[[Rio–Antirrio bridge]]  ''2,880 metre long (9,449 ft) (2nd longest cable bridge in Europe''
*[[A52 motorway (Greece)|A52 motorway]]
*[[A6 motorway (Greece)|A6 motorway]] (Attiki Odos): ''69.7 km (43.3 mi)''
*[[A62 motorway (Greece)|A62 motorway]]
*[[A621 motorway (Greece)|A621 motorway]]
*[[A64 motorway (Greece)|A64 motorway]]
*[[A7 motorway (Greece)|A7 motorway]] (Moreas Motorway): ''205 km (127 mi)''
*[[A71 motorway (Greece)|A71 motorway]]
*[[A8 motorway (Greece)|A8 motorway]] (Olympia Odos): ''210 km (130 mi)''
*[[A90 motorway (Greece)|A90 motorway]] (partially complete)
{{div col end}}

====Railways====
*[[Athens Airport–Patras railway]] (completed until Aigio)
*[[Thessaloniki–Alexandroupoli railway]]
*[[Athens Metro]]
:*[[Line 1 (Athens Metro)|Line 1]]
:*[[Line 2 (Athens Metro)|Line 2]]
:*[[Line 3 (Athens Metro)|Line 3]]
*[[Athens Tram]]

====Ports and harbours====
[[Pireaus Port]]
[[Rafina Port]]
[[Lavrion Port]]

====Airports====
*[[Athens International Airport]]
*[[Thessaloniki Airport]] - "Makedonia"

===Projects under construction===


*[[Greek National Road 90|North Road Axis of Crete]]
*Branches of Egnatia Odos
**[[A27 motorway (Greece)|A27 motorway]]
====Railways====
*Construction and electrification of extension to [[Patras]] of [[Athens Airport–Patras railway]]
*[[Line 4 (Athens Metro)]]
*[[Thessaloniki Metro]]

====Ports and harbours====
====Airports====
*[[Kasteli Airport|New Heraklion Airport]] in [[Kasteli]]

===Future projects===
====Motorways====
*Larisa–Kozane Motorway
*Eleusina-Oinofyta
*Attiki odos extension to Lavrio and Rafina

====Railways====
*Igoumenitsa–Ioannina–Kalampaka line
*Thessaloniki Metro extensions
*Athens metro line 5
*Kalampaka–Kastoria line
*Florina–Pogradec line
*Kalamaka–Kozani–Thessaloniki–Kavala–Toxotes line
*Ioannina–Rio line
*Thessaloniki–Chalkidiki line
*Thessaloniki–Giannitsa–Skydra line
*Chania–Rethymnon–Herakleion line
*Thessaloniki Tram
*Heraklion Tram
*Patras Tram
*Larisa Tram
*Ioannina Tram
*Volos Tram

====Airports====

==See also==
*[[Rapid transit in Greece]]
*[[Greek shipping]]
* [[Plug-in electric vehicles in Greece]]

==References==
*{{CIA World Factbook}}

==External links==
* [http://www.Greek-Motorway.Net www.Greek-Motorway.Net]
*[http://www.balkanalysis.com/2005/11/25/the-hellenic-merchant-maritime-sector-a-historical-and-business-overview/ The Hellenic Merchant Maritime Sector: A Historical and Business Overview (Balkanalysis.com)]

{{Greece topics}}
{{Transportation in Europe}}

[[Category:Transport in Greece| ]]