Editing Transmission system

{{Short description|System that transmits a signal from one place to another}}
{{For|a car's transmission system|Transmission (mechanical device)}}
{{More citations needed|date=February 2023}}

In [[telecommunications]], a '''transmission system''' is a [[communication system]] that transmits a signal from one place to another. The signal can be an [[signal (electrical engineering)|electrical]], [[fiber-optic communication|optical]] or [[radio wave|radio signal]]. The goal of a transmission system is to transmit data accurately and efficiently from point A to point B over a distance, using a variety of technologies such as [[copper cable]] and [[fiber-optic cable]]s, [[satellite link]]s, and [[wireless communication|wireless communication technologies]].

The [[International Telecommunication Union]] (ITU) and the [[European Telecommunications Standards Institute]] (ETSI) define a transmission system as the interface and medium through which peer physical layer entities transfer [[bit]]s. It encompasses all the components and technologies involved in transmitting digital data from one location to another, including [[modem]]s, cables, and other networking equipment.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2003 |title=Access and Terminals (AT); Second Generation Transmission Systems for Interactive Cable Television Services - IP Cable Modems; Part 2: Radio frequency interface specification |url=https://www.etsi.org/deliver/etsi_es/202400_202499/20248802/01.01.01_60/es_20248802v010101p.pdf |website=European Telecommunications Standards Institute}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=1999 |title=ITU-T J-series Recommendations – Supplement 4 |url=https://www.itu.int/rec/dologin_pub.asp?lang=f&id=T-REC-J.Sup4-199909-W!!PDF-E&type=items |website=International Telecommunication Union}}</ref>
Some transmission systems contain multipliers, which amplify a signal prior to [[repeater|re-transmission]], or [[Regenerator (telecommunication)|regenerators]], which attempt to reconstruct and re-shape the coded message before re-transmission.

One of the most widely used transmission system technologies in the [[Internet]] and the [[public switched telephone network]] (PSTN) is [[synchronous optical networking]] (SONET).

Also, transmission system is the medium through which data is transmitted from one point to another. Examples of common transmission systems people use everyday are: the internet, [[mobile network]]s, cordless cables, etc.

==Digital transmission system==
The ITU defines a digital transmission system as a system that uses [[digital signal]]s to transmit information. In a digital transmission system, the data is first converted into a digital format and then transmitted over a communication channel. The digital format provides a number of benefits over analog transmission systems, including improved signal quality, reduced [[noisy data|noise]] and [[interference (communication)|interference]], and increased data accuracy.

ITU defines digital transmission system (DTS) as following:<blockquote>A specific means of providing a digital section.<ref>{{Cite web |date=1988 |title=CCITT Rec. G.960 - Digital section for ISDN basic rate access |url=https://www.itu.int/rec/dologin_pub.asp?lang=s&id=T-REC-G.960-198811-S!!PDF-E&type=items}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=ITU-T Recommendation database |url=https://www.itu.int/itu-t/recommendations/rec.aspx?rec=892 |access-date=2023-02-02 |website=ITU |language=en}}</ref></blockquote>The ITU sets global standards for digital transmission systems, including the [[data encoding|encoding]] and [[decoding methods|decoding]] methods used, the [[data rates]] and [[transmission speed]]s, and the types of [[communication channel]]s used. These standards ensure that digital transmission systems are compatible and interoperable with each other, regardless of the type of data being transmitted or the geographical location of the [[sender (telephony)|sender]] and receiver.

===Basic components of a DTS===
* '''[[Point-to-point (telecommunications)|Point-to-point links]]''' are communication systems between two endpoints, usually a sender (transmitter) and a receiver.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Hobson |first=Peter R. |date=2008 |title=Digital Transmission System |url=https://www.brunel.ac.uk/~eestprh/EE5514/lesson5_new.pdf |website=Brunel University London}}</ref>
** System performance analysis:
*** [[Link budget|Link power budget]] is a power loss model for a point-to-point link.
*** [[Rise time|Rise time budget]] is analysis method used to measure the amount of dispersion which is present in a link.
* '''[[Line coding]]''' is the process of transforming data into digital signals for transmission over a point-to-point link. Can include [[binary data]] source, [[multiplexer]] and line coder.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Torlak |first=Prof. Murat |date=2008 |title=EE4367 Telecom. Switching & Transmission - Digital Transmission (Line Coding) |url=https://personal.utdallas.edu/~torlak/courses/ee4367/lectures/CodingI.pdf}}</ref>
** [[Non-return-to-zero]] (NRZ)
** [[Return-to-zero]] (RZ)
** [[Phase-encoding|Phase-encoded]] (PE)
** [[Block code]]s
* '''[[Error-correction|Error correction]]''' techniques are used to detect and correct errors that occur during transmission.<ref name=":2" /> 
** [[Automatic repeat request]] (ARQ)
** [[Forward Error Correction|Forward error correction]] (FEC)
* '''Noise effects on system performance''' can be minimized by using [[signal conditioning]] techniques such as signal amplification and filtering.<ref name=":2" />

These techniques are used to improve [[signal-to-noise ratio]], which helps to maintain the integrity of the signal during transmission.

==See also==
* [[Carrier system]]
* [[Communications satellite]]
* [[Signal transmission]]
* [[Submarine communications cable]] – a cable on the sea bed

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Telecommunications}}
{{Authority control}}

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[[Category:Telecommunications systems]]